Since the increasing numbers of refugees in 2014, rural regions have more often served as places of arrival and integration. However, the role of rural arrival communities and the attitudes of the resident population remain rather blind spots in research. Therefore, this working paper focuses on the attitudes of the resident population or 40 rural communities in Germany. It refers to a data set of 904 persons in rural communities in Bavaria, Hesse, Lower Saxony and Saxony on attitudes on immigration and arrival of foreigners in the locality, and an assessments of neighborhood conditions. The working paper provides insights into the results and discusses the role of social capital as well as determinants for the receptivity of the local population. The working paper also points out rural specifics and regional differences. The data set was collected as part of the joint project "Future for Refugees in Rural Areas of Germany" in the sub-project "Role of Civil Society and Attitudes of the Host Society" (Chemnitz University of Technology).