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Abstract
Animal growth hormones could improve efficiency of meat and dairy production. But, their effects may only reinforce current trends, such as higher productivity, in the livestock and dairy industries. The principal beneficiaries of growth hormones could be consumers, through lower prices for meat and milk. While there is much concern about effects of growth hormone adoption on small farms, there is no clear evidence that growth hormone adoption would favor large farms over small farms. Because growth hormones are one of the first potential commercial products outside the drug industry developed with biotechnology, they have received more scrutiny and raised more public concern than most other new technologies.