Excerpt from the report Summary: The industrial development of a rural area affects sources of income and the ways of living of rural families. To provide information on such a situation in the South, a study was made of rural levels of living and consumption patterns in 1945 in two Mississippi counties where industrialization was increasing. Three main purposes of the study reported in this publication are: (1) To describe the levels of living of the rural consumer units in the two counties; (2) to compare the levels of living of farm and rural nonfarm consumer units; and (3) to appraise the use of a “split” schedule in an enumerative survey.