The U.S. hog production industry has experienced significant structural change during the past decade. Fewer and larger operations have more and more come to characterize the industry. Data from the Farm Costs and Returns Survey are used to describe the hog production industry in 1992 and to examine some of the issues resulting from structural change. Characteristics and production costs are presented for various types of hog operations. Also, the distribution of hog production costs, size relationships in hog production, regional changes in hog production, and production contract activity in the hog industry are examined.