Inmigrants competed on a limited scale with residents for new jobs in four industrializing rural areas in Arizona, the Central Ozarks, Mississippi, and Arkansas during 1965-70. About 22 percent of the jobs surveyed were obtained by new and returning inmigrants, although there apparently was sufficient excess labor locally to fill most positions. In general, inmigrants tended to be younger and to have more education than residents, and they were more likely to fill the managerial positions. Factors other than monetary benefits, including proximity of other family members and more pleasant living conditions, influenced many workers to migrate or return.