Key Findings -Nigeria faces a growing triple burden of malnutrition. -Poor dietary quality is the root cause of all forms of malnutrition. -Poor dietary quality is a universal problem in Nigeria. Observed dietary diversification is mainly driven by increased consumption of empty, non-staple calories. -Agricultural seasonality tends to have limited effects on dietary quality in general. -Agricultural and related trade policies have an important role to play in improving household diets and reducing the triple burden of malnutrition. -Policymakers should consider adopting a food system framework for reforming federal and state-level food and nutrition policies.