Key Findings -All pesticide products, before they can be legally sold in Mali, must be tested, reviewed and registered by the Sahel-wide regulatory body, the Comité Sahélien des Pesticides (CSP). -A survey of agricultural input retailers conducted in June 2019 in 10 markets across Mali finds that 26% of all pesticides sold are unregistered by the CSP and therefore illegal. -Among informal retailers, levels of fraud rise to 31% of total pesticide volumes. -The high level of unauthorized pesticides on sale in Mali means that farmers frequently use pesticides that the CSP considers harmful to human health an/or the environment. -In order to protect farmers, Malian stakeholders will need to improve post-registration enforcement through expanded monitoring of markets and pesticide products on sale.