At present, there is a contradiction between the rapid growth of the number of patents declared and authorized by agricultural scientific research institutions and the decline of the efficiency of invention patents year by year, and the low conversion rate of patents. This paper discusses the patent application quantity, authorization quantity and patent efficiency of the Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, analyzes the present situation of its work and the main problems existing in patent management, and puts forward the relevant suggestions.