The Brazil nut is an important Brazilian socio-biodiversity commodity. This article analyzes production behavior and exports in the Brazilian Amazon, identifying factors that have conditioned this market behavior. Brazil nut production is concentrated in Acre, Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia states, which together account for 93.5% of Brazilian production. There is evidence of the exhaustion of native Brazil nut tree exploitation, since the extractive supply did not respond to price stimuli in recent decades. Export revenues declined, due to a reduction in quantities exported and to real exchange rate appreciation. Public funding policies and price guarantee had a limited effect on care of the Brazil nut extractivist population. This study shows that changes in sanitary regulation and Brazil nut quality control in the main trading partners had a negative effect on export performance, mainly from 2003