As important parts of the Belt and Road Initiative, West Asia and North Africa have rich resources and prominent strategic position. Anti-poverty has always been a crucial social issue of China, West Asia and North Africa. Through literature review and data analysis, this paper analyzed the current situations of anti-poverty in West Asia and North Africa and the causes of poverty, and objectively summarized the realistic foundation of anti-poverty cooperation between China and West Asian and North African countries. On the basis of current situations, it put forward a path for anti-poverty cooperation between China and West Asian and North African countries, in the hope of providing decision-making basis and policy recommendations for China to undertake anti-poverty cooperation in the worldwide range.