In order to formulate feasible conservation measures and develop and utilize Muchuan black-bone chicken rationally, two generations of Muchuan black-bone chicken were bred, and their production performance and slaughter traits (at the age of 300 d) were compared. The results showed that the reproductive performance, slaughter performance and body size of the Muchuan black-bone chicken of Generation 1 (G1) were all improved compared with those of the Generation 0 (G0) (P<0.05). At the age of 300 d, the live weight, carcass weight, and leg muscle weight of the G1 were significantly higher than those of the G0 (P<0.05); and the chest width of the cocks of the G1 was significantly higher than that of the G0 (P<0.05). It suggests that after rigorous selection and utilization of modern poultry breeding techniques, the reproductive performance, slaughter performance and survival rate of Muchuan black-bone chicken can be improved significantly.