With the greenhouse soil that had been planted with cucumber as the control, the greenhouse soil that had been planted with pepper for 3, 7, 10 and 15 consecutive years was collected, and the effects of continuous cropping on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, yield, photosynthetic pigment content and fruit quality of pepper were investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that with the extension of continuous cropping duration, the plant height, stem diameter and yield of pepper decreased significantly compared with the control; and the mass fraction of photosynthetic pigments declined, and the mass fractions of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll were significantly lower than those of the control. Under the condition of continuous cropping, the fruit quality of pepper decreased significantly, and the mass fractions of soluble solids and soluble protein were significantly lower than those of the control.