The use of renewable energy sources with application of innovative technologies for that purpose is one of the elements of the bioeconomy, and constitutes one of the smart specializations of the Lublin region. The growing demand for energy will force increasing the share of renewable energy in the total energy production. The paper presents theoretical and technical potential of straw, which can be used for non-agricultural purposes, including energy production. The estimation of this potential takes into account utilization of straw for agricultural purposes in the first place, indicating only its surplus to be used for other purposes. The analysis was carried out for all NUTS-5 of the Lublin province.