In order to screen and identify excellent breeding resources and provide basic materials for Brassica rapa breeding, the contents of erucic acid, oleic acid and glucosinolate in 84 samples of B. rapa were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy, and the correlations among them were also analyzed. The results showed that the content of erucic acid and oleic acid were significantly negatively correlated, the contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate were significantly positively correlated, while the contents of oleic acid and glucosinolate were significantly negatively correlated; principal component analysis (PCA) were performed on the population materials, factors 1 and 2 were extracted for plotting, factor 1 and factor 2 could explain 73.7% and 23.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively; through cluster analysis, 79 materials aggregated to form group I, and 5 special variants deviated from the population. The variation of erucic acid, oleic acid and glucosinolates in B. rapa populations was rich and there was significant correlation. Through cluster analysis, 5 excellent B. rapa breeding materials (No. 32, No. 45, No. 46, No. 50, and No. 59) were screened.