Soft red winter (SRW) wheat producers in the Delta States recently proposed that test weight standards for SRW wheat be lowered by adopting the grade limits currently in effect for hard red spring wheat. Organizations representing the milling and export industries opposed this suggestion. As a result, the Federal Grain Inspection Service requested that the Economic Research Service conduct a fact-finding study to evaluate the issues involved in this controversy. The evidence indicates that lowering the minimum test weight standards for various grades of SRW wheat will not change the value of the crop. Domestic millers and foreign buyers have demonstrated a strong preference to buy SRW wheat with a test weight of 58 pounds per bushel, and lots with a lower test weight will continue to be discounted in the marketplace.