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Abstract
Pakistan is one of Asia's major producers and consumers of wheat. Recent trends indicate significant growth in future imports under current policies. The United States has historically dominated the Pakistani market because government purchase procedures gave preference to imports under concessional and commercial credit programs, and to soft white wheat produced competitively by the United States. The recent decline in U.S. bilateral assistance, increases in credit from other suppliers, and privatization of imports have sharpened competition among suppliers on the basis of landed price and intrinsic quality characteristics. As a result, U.S. market share is threatened by the capacity of other suppliers to offer lower landed prices, as well as the hardness and low-moisture characteristics preferred by Pakistani millers and consumers.