This report presents State-level cotton production cost and return estimates for 1986-88. Six hundred fifty cotton producers from 10 States were interviewed about their production practices, input use, and expenditures. The estimates are calculated on a per -planted -acre basis and reflect average production practices, yields, and prices paid and received by cotton producers. Per -acre (per-pound) total economic costs among cotton-producing States varied from $256.09 to $934.13 ($0.61 to $o.77) in 1987. The estimates are based on the 1987 Farm Costs and Returns Survey (FCRS).