Milk production costs per cwt in the United States and the Netherlands are quite similar and are in the middle of the range of costs estimated for the seven countries included in this analysis. New Zealand is the lowest cost milk-producing country in the world while. costs in France and West Germany are substantially higher than in the United States. Costs in Ireland are somewhat lower than in the United States, while milk production costs in Canada are also quite high compared with the United States, but significantly lower than in France or West Germany. Although the estimates are subject to error, and in some cases missing information, the estimated totals appear to be useful approximations of relative costs of producing milk in the seven countries included in the- analysis.