The papers in this proceedings were presentations for the 1989 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS); Technical Session, "Impact of Foreign Aid on U.S. Agriculture," San Francisco, January 15, 1989. This report reviews the role of the various types of foreign assistance and the international factors influencing their effectiveness in promoting economic development. The focus is on the analysis of Third World economic development and import markets for agricultural products. The report includes a strategic assessment of U.S. agricultural competitiveness in Third World markets, the balancing of the agricultural and nonagricultural trade interests in the United States, and assistance to developing countries.