Like most food manufacturing subsectors, the fruit and vegetable processing subsector is in a dynamic era of change. Structural transformations of the fruit and vegetable processing subsector have been preceded by changes in technology, market conditions, and regulations. However, these changes may not be homogeneous across subsectors or even within subsector industries. Therefore, studies which take an aggregate approach to evaluating structure and performance of the food manufacturing sector may overlook important subsector-specific changes. This report describes the current structure of the U.S. fruit and vegetable processing industries and the economic, technical, and regulatory factors prevalent in molding its structure.