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Abstract
Restrictive trade policies of both grain importing and exporting .countries and increasing variability in the world monetary system are causing increased fluctuations in U.S. grain exports and.increased price uncertainty for U.S. producers. This uncertainty reduces production efficiency and economic welfare, and affects the financial organization and structure of U.S. agriculture. While these problems will likely continue and may worsen over the next 20 years, policies to share or ameliorate such effects are costly and have other undesirable side-effects. U.S. grain policy alternatives must recognize linkages between increasingly variable world grain markets and U.S. agriculture.