ing a components-of-growth approach, this study analyzes factors affecting declining long-term rates of agricultural growth in selected countries of Latin America and Asia. In both regions, the contribution of expanding agricultural land area to crop output growth has significantly declined and the contribution of yield increase has been marginal. However, the relative importance of changes in the cropping pattern has increased moderately over the long term. Prospects for production growth will depend upon the development and adoption of yield-enhancing innovations in Latin America, and a shift to higher value cereals in Asia.