A survey of the literature and selective data on Federal and State initiatives to promote enterprise growth and development In the private sector reveals that State programs have expanded dramatically and become increasingly dominant since the mid - sixties. State industrial revenue bonds have surpassed Federal business and industrial loans as the major public source for financing industrial activities. While States have become more active in offering incentives to attract new industry, recent studies generally reveal that the costs of these programs to the State and community usually exceed the benefits, that is, tax incentives, by themselves, do not encourage much industrial investment. Federal and State initiatives to manufacturing, the enterprise most sought after by State and local developers, merely serve to reshuffle a relatively fixed number of plants and jobs from one State or region to another without appreciably expanding the number of plants and jobs nationwide.