There are some logical connections between financial results (as some kind of proxy for ‘outcomes’ of financial management) at farm level and the income situation of the agricultural sector, in general. The main aim of this paper was to present selected challenges from the perspective of improvement of farm financial management in Poland. Multifaceted aspects for farm financial management in Poland were indicated. Key elements leading to a significant improvement of farm financial management were identified (within a proposed conceptual framework). Improvement of farm financial management as a long-term process (both at farm and sectoral levels) should concentrate on four components that are quite closely related to each other, namely: (1) human and social capital on rural areas, (2) institutions, (3) regulations, (4) financial products. Particular attention should be paid to providing reliable data for further processes of financial management. Thus, there is a strong need for promoting systems of agricultural accounting. Furthermore, institutional infrastructure may substantially affect popularisation techniques and tools for financial management at the farm (e.g. tools, based on some FADN solution, such as Individual Farm Report with additional report).