Public concerns and attitudes might influence their acceptance of technologies and consumption of food products. In this study, public attitudes about the use of vaccines and antibiotics in animals are compared. Data are from three national online surveys that were conducted in Canada in October 2012, November 2015 and January 2017. Data are analysed using Tobit regressions and net agreement percentages. Overall, respondents have more positive attitudes towards the use of vaccines in animals as compared to antibiotics. Trust in groups or institutions responsible for food and attitudes towards animal husbandry systems significantly influence public attitudes towards the use of vaccines and antibiotics in animals. Therefore, maintaining or building public trust in groups or institutions responsible for food through competence and transparency, for example is important for acceptance of the use of vaccines and antibiotics in animals.