This paper explores the effect of trade liberalization and international transport on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 18 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean for the period 1995-2013. The results indicate that an increase in the levels of trade openness has a greater effect for high-income countries (0.17 %) than for the others (0.067 %). While it is observed that an increase of 1 % in the tons transported per kilometer increases CO2 emissions by 0.022 % (high-income countries) and by 0.014 % (middle-high income countries).