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Abstract
Humans exhibit much more sharing of food harvested by prime- age hunter-gatherers with dependents relative to such sharing by lower-order primates. We investigate this behavior in a model in which a father provides generously to his dependent child-son in period t in the hope that this gesture will inspire his son to recip- rocate in the next period when the father is in "retirement". In our formulation fathers provide better when (a) they are smarter hunters (b) they have a higher probability of living to experience a "retirement" and (c) when they are more con
dent that their child-sons will indeed provide generously for them in their "retire- ment". Better food provision by prime-age fathers is associated with brain-size expansion in our model.