In the article three specific historical stages of the conjuncture in the agro-food market of the Western European countries are distinguished and analyzed. These stages are great waves of the conjuncture fluctuations in demand and supply levels, and long waves of conjuncture cycles in the agro-food market. The reasons causing long deviations of demand from supply, a steady increase and decrease in the alternative production cost are disclosed. As a result, trends in dynamics of the land rent in the course of the market development are discussed, the main reasons for changers in the parity of prices between agriculture and industry are revealed. The stages of the regulation mechanisms of the agro-food market are investigated in detail as well as the expediency of these mechanisms. Possible forecasts of the conjuncture development in the agro-food markets in Europe are provided. Agriculture and agrarian Russian market as well as markets in Asian countries are at the second stage of the cyclic development.