Selecting the market share, trade competitiveness index, revealed comparative advantage (RCA), and revealed competitive advantage index (CA), this paper compared the competitiveness of China and large sweet orange exporters, and made an empirical analysis. Results indicate that in terms of the market share, Spain has prominent advantage in competitiveness of sweet orange; in terms of the trade competitiveness index, Egypt and South Africa have higher competitiveness in the export of sweet orange; in terms of RCA and CA, Egypt has absolute international advantage in the export of sweet orange. China’s export competitiveness of sweet orange is much lower than other large sweet orange producers such as Spain, Egypt, and South Africa, and the export capacity is much lower than other large sweet orange producers. In view of current situations, it came up with recommendations for improving export competitiveness of China’s sweet orange, including expanding the market, diversifying the varieties, improving the quality, reducing the costs, strengthening cooperation of fruit farmer cooperatives, and enhancing government support.