Symptoms of decline appeared on hybrid Anthurium in Guadaloupe and Martinique in 1982. The phytosanitary inquiry realized in 1984 has shown that the decline is parasitic and that two different facies are observed according to the pathogenic bacterium involved. Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae is the limiting factor of the development of this crop, and Psendomonas sp. is reported as a new pathogen which can cause important losses, particularly during the rainy season. Symptoms observed on naturally infected material, as well as pathogenicity tests, distinguished airborne and soil-borne infections. Host range, biochemical and serological characteristics are reported. Measures of control, which are based on sanitation, are presented.