Fishes of the genus Oreochromis (tilapia), have spread from areas where they occur naturally, and have become established in numerous water bodies worldwide. A survey of the natural and artificial surface water bodies of Barbados was conducted to determine the extent to which they have been colonized by tilapia. A secondary aim of the study was to document the history and rationale for the introduction of tilapia into Barbados. It was found that, since their introduction into Barbados in the 1950s, Oreochromis spp. have become established in several water bodies in Barbados. Reproductive populations may be found in brackish-water swamps, in natural and artificial ponds and in tanks. The reasons for the introduction of tilapia into Barbados include aquatic weed control, mosquito control, ornamental purposes, fish farming and research.