Zen and the Art of Attaining Conceptual and Implementation Clarity: Socio-economic Considerations, Biosafety and Decision-making

Several countries have included socio-economic considerations (SECs) into domestic regulatory frameworks for biosafety and approval of genetically modified crops. Numerous others are contemplating such inclusion. This article addresses the conceptual design for including SECs in domestic regulatory frameworks, as well as related implementation issues and tradeoffs, highlighting the challenges through actual examples from countries that have already made that inclusion.