Based on relevant research results, from the perspective of land use functions, an evaluation indicator system of carrying capacity of land resources composed of three second-grade indicators (production, living and ecological carrying capacity) or 24 third-grade indicators was established, and the carrying capacity of land resources in ten cities of Shaanxi Province in 2013 was assessed and analyzed by using mean square error analysis method and hierarchical clustering method. The results showed that the three types of carrying capacity in most cities of Shaanxi Province are shown as follows: ecological carrying capacity>living carrying capacity>production carrying capacity, and the differences between various regions in a single type of carrying capacity basically accorded with the actual situation of development in each city; there were obvious differences between various cities in the comprehensive carrying capacity of land resources, which was basically consistent with regional economic and social development.