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Abstract
Sustainability initiatives in maritime industry, despite their global need and relevance, are often
riddled with strategic and implementation issues. Here we examine “green” initiatives of top-five
global marine terminal operators. We classify their initiatives as technology-centric, process-centric
and relationship-centric, and develop a core-competency-driven framework for these initiatives.
Our findings indicate that technological initiatives are easy to adopt and yield quicker impact in
reducing emissions and increasing ROI. On the other hand, process-centric and relationship-centric
initiatives are more difficult to deploy, take longer to yield benefits, but are difficult to imitate. We
argue that terminal operators should recognize the value of long-term initiatives that are difficult to
replicate, to build competency.