The human factor plays now an important role in the development of agriculture and rural areas. The importance of human capital means that it is the main driving force of competitive advantage, contributing to the shaping of farms on the market. The aim of study was to determine the importance of human capital in the shaping of economic efficiency of dairy farms. Farms were assigned to groups depending on the region, level education or age of owners. Among the managers of surveyed farms, more than a half (52.27%) were people with secondary (40.15%) or higher education (12.12%). Farmers with primary education constituted 5.3% of the surveyed population. Net farm income in group of farmers with higher education averaged 5030.94 PLN/ cow and 0.68 PLN/l milk. The lowest economic efficiency was observed in farms whose owners had about 30 years ((2960 PLN/cow i 0.44 PLN/l milk). Agricultural income of farmers over the age of 60 years averaged 4890 PLN/cow and 0.78 PLN/l milk. In conclusion, farmers having higher education should know that they have the highest possibility to bring new solutions to agriculture, building on what they learned during their studies. They have the highest knowledge about how to create multifunctional development in rural areas.