By setting the urban-rural public goods supply model, this paper evaluates the effects of coordinating supply public goods on resource allocation and welfare from efficiency and fairness, and examines the necessity and possibility of coordinating public goods supply in urban and rural areas. The model assumes that the population size of urban and rural areas is different, and the population can not flow freely between urban and rural areas; there are different degrees of spillover in the public goods supply. Model results show that coordinating public goods supply in urban and rural areas is the result of optimizing resource allocation efficiency, but the residents' individual utility level will not necessarily improve, so residents' willingness to support coordinated urban-rural supply is different, and public goods spillover and different tax systems are the factors that affect the residents' utility level. Finally, this paper uses the practice of coordinating urban and rural compulsory education in Chengdu City to confirm the above conclusions.