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Abstract
Sheep breeding is one of the most important branches of rural industry in Russia, which has
deep historical roots, satisfies the needs of the population in wool, mutton, sheepskins and
other products. The industry provides employment and incomes for considerable part of the
rural population, allows preserving the traditional way of life in many rural regions. The
branch of sheep breeding has been in depressive state for the last twenty years because of
its unprofitability. The industry still lags behind in technological, technical, organizational
and economic indicators. The nature of reproduction of sheep is based on the extensive
type of development; and the field has been narrowed down compared to previously years.
The negative consequences of this are manifested in economic and social aspects that lead
to incomplete use of rangelands. As a result, situation does not meet the national interests, and regional governmental authorities and research community are especially focused on
the sheep breeding industry.