The discovery of viable deposits of the oil resource in the Albertine region of Uganda has key implications for the socio economic development of the economy. EPRC with support from the World Bank conducted a socio economic baseline survey of the districts with ongoing oil exploration activities, districts with potential for future exploration/production activities and some control districts. A primary object of the baseline was to establish a basis for future impact evaluations of the oil resource on the economic and social welfare of the population affected . Information was collected on issues such as awareness about oil activities, expectations from the oil resources, people trust vis-à-vis the authorities with regard to the proposed exploitation. Categorizing the analysis based on a number of criteria (gender, education level, ethnicity, rural or urban and from an oil or non-oil district), the report comes up with a number of policy options vital to government and all stakeholders in the nascent oil sector.