Evo Morales’s electoral victories have confirmed the power of the Bolivian rural movement, but it still stays divided. In the Andes, the Aylus indigene organization fight against the rural union organization for the control of the rural world. This dualism is based on different historical processes structured from the 1953’s agrarian reform. Then it grows with the elaboration of identity discourses and the constructing of a “symbolic boundary” between the two organizations, whose purpose is the conquest of the politic power and the gestion of development projects. Both of them weaving its own networks with non-governmental organizations and political groups, it creates tensions with Evo Morales’ government between “politic” and “organic”. Based on the Northern Potosi’s example, this work allows the decrypting of actual political and identitary processes Bolivia is going through. Indeed, the country is now in a deep change process in wich the social organizations are the main characters but fight each other defining this process.