Economic impacts of agricultural carbon sequestration involve direct costs ofsequestration management adoption as well as a variety of indirect costs and benefits. The nature and significance of these impacts are discussed. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in agriculture is identified as an influential factor. Techniques to estimate the cost of agricultural carbon sequestration are briefly reviewed and compared. Mathematically programming is used to simulate carbon sequestration in the U.S. agricultural sector and to provide experimental evidence of the existence and magnitude of economic impacts.