Difficult and long-term process of transition which the Republic of Serbia went through in the last more than twenty years, globalization, wars and embargo in the nineties of the 20th century and finally, world economic crisis that began in 2008 have contributed to changes in standard of living, unemployment rate and migration. Under the given circumstances, fruit production represents a potential for mitigating and perhaps even overcoming the unemployment crisis, rural depopulation and increase of income of rural population. Accordingly, there is a need to consider the condition realistically and to identify existing problems, their causes, some possibilities and further tendencies of resources and activities in the fruit production sector in order to develop a highly profitable agricultural branch in our country. Data bases of the Statistical Bureau of the Republic of Serbia, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistical Office of the European Union (Faostat) as well as scientific and research literature from the areas directly or indirectly related to the topic will be used as the sources of data for writing the work. Several methods will be used in the work: content analysis method, descriptive statistics, comparation method and hypothetical-deductive method.