The nature of water resources can be divided into four categories: water for life, water for agriculture, water for industry, and water for ecology. On this basis, the regional right allocation model for water resources is built, and to make the model more operable, we calculate the weight of the key factors of model (four different types of water use: life, agriculture, industry, ecology), using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, based on the amount of available water resources in Anhui Province, we evaluate the water resource potential in Anhui Province according to the principle of rational allocation.