In this study we have analyzed the trade of agri-food products in Mediterranean countries, included in the Union for the Mediterranean, to identify specialization patterns of agri-food sector within Mediterranean basin. Through RCA index (Balassa) has been able to assess the growing importance that extra European Union countries are gradually gaining in traditional agri-food sector, such as fruit and vegetables, and in other higher value-added agri-food sector as processed products, for which only a decade earlier, were less competitive positions. In contrast, the main EU Mediterranean countries show a stability of their agri-food specialization model with a few exceptions mainly concerning products with a high degree of manipulation.