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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyze how
the variability of wind affects optimal dispatches and reserves
in a daily optimization cycle. The Cornell SuperOPF1
is used to illustrate how the system costs can be determined
for a reliable network (the amount of conventional generating
capacity needed to maintain System Adequacy is determined
endogenously). Eight cases are studied to illustrate
the effects of geographical distribution, ramping costs and
load response to customers payment in the wholesale market,
and the amount of potential wind generation that is dispatched.
The results in this paper use a typical daily pattern
of load and capture the cost of ramping by including additions
to the operating costs of the generating units associated
with the hour-to-hour changes in their optimal dispatch. The
proposed regulatory changes for electricity markets are 1)
to establish a new market for ramping services, 2) to aggregate
the loads of customers on a distribution network so that
they can be represented as a single wholesale customer on the
bulk-power transmission network and 3) to make use of controllable
load and geographical distribution of wind to mitigate
the variability of wind generation as an alternative to
upgrading the capacity of the transmission network.