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Abstract
IN THE MID TO LATE 1980S, as computer networks grew and
online services were developing, companies including supermarkets
started to view home shopping as an exciting,
new competitive venture. Now, food retailers are struggling
with the possibility of providing a home shopping or consumer
direct service for their customers. The decision for a
supermarket company with traditional land-based stores
to enter the online realm of marketing, however, represents
a tremendous commitment.
Through the use of a mail questionnaire, this report documents
the factors and conditions that would motivate a
supermarket company to engage in an e-commerce initiative.
While questions evaluated retailer perceptions through
the use of Likert scales, the survey also elicited written comments
from respondents. A comparison is made between
the responses of those retailers already engaged in consumer
direct, and those who are not currently engaged in consumer
direct.
A significant finding of this study is that almost all respondents,
92 percent, most of whom were medium to large
grocery chains, believed they will eventually involve themselves
in consumer direct. The majority of respondents indicated
interest in developing a consumer direct service with
a third party, whether a consultant or a partner, although
the majority of these preferred to fully own their consumer
direct service and consult with a third party consultant.
Very few were interested in fully developing a consumer
direct program on their own.
Motivating factors to entering consumer direct varied
somewhat. Companies already providing consumer direct
services stated their primary motivating factor for adopting
consumer direct was “to develop closer retailer-customer
relationships,” while non-providers chose “generating incremental
traffic/sales” and “to remain the market leader.”
When asked the likelihood of incorporating various methods
of operation, consumer direct providers may be willing to
expand their methods to incorporate alternative ordering methods
for customers without access to online ordering. In addition,
providers clearly indicated that they would prefer to fill
orders from a centralized warehouse facility as opposed to store
shelves. Non-providers, however, would be more likely to pick
from a retail store, at least initially. A relief to the complexities of
routing deliveries could be to develop scheduled deliveries. And
according to survey results, scheduled deliveries may appeal
more to companies currently providing consumer direct than
those not currently providing consumer direct.
Clearly most respondents felt that consumer direct had
the potential to effect relations. Yet when asked how, they
were by no means certain which if any suggested changes
may appear. The most strongly felt attitudes were that “more
information sharing regarding product movement” would
be likely to occur as well as “consumer direct will create an
opportunity for expansion of new products.” This uncertainty
provides an open field for manufacturers to define
relationships which will assist the development of the consumer
direct channel including developing new methods
of new product introductions, online product displays, ads
and promotions, meal solution development, and more. In
return, consumer direct providers will have to be willing to
provide product movement information to manufacturers
to help them develop these strategies and trade relations.