The aim of this paper is to analyze the evolution of income concentration in the Brazilian rural area after the promulgation of the 1988 legislation and laws that followed under the security of the rural worker (Law 8212/91 and Law 8213/91). The methodological procedures involved the review of legislation, the verification of participation and the extent of concentration of pensions in rural income distribution after exposure of Law 8213/91 and debate in the literature. It uses the decomposition of the Gini index to measure income distribution, based on microdata from PNAD 1988 to 2008. The survey results have revealed that there was a reduction in the income concentration, from 0.559 in 1988 to 0.498 in 2008, partly explained by changes in the rural labor market (main job) and the rising value of the real minimum wage between 1994 and 2004. However, income derived from pensions rural proved concentrated, which Gini index was 0.417 in 1988 and 0.569 in 2008