The aim of research was to assess spatial diversity of social and economic development of the districts of Lesser Poland and Subcarpathian Voivodeship, characterized by the highest land fragmentation in Poland. The studies showed that barriers of social and economic development of the examined Voivodeships are mainly condition of local economy and quality of life of the local communities. Structure of spatial diversity of social and economic development can suggest the existence of impact of natural conditions on the directions of development of area of research.