Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enjolras, Geoffroy Author-Name: Sanfilippo, Gilles Title: La structure du capital des exploitations agricoles françaises Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 369 Issue: July-September Number: 334780 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334780/files/ECRU_369_0005.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334780 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Noireaux, Virginie Author-Name: Ralet, Patrick Title: Difficultés des canaux de distribution alimentaire en territoire rural : l’importance du leader Keywords: Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 369 Issue: July-September Number: 334781 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334781/files/ECRU_369_0021.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334781 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lanie, Tomgouani Title: Estimation des élasticités de demande des produits alimentaires au Togo Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 369 Issue: July-September Number: 334782 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334782/files/ECRU_369_0041.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334782 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tankam, Chloe Author-Name: Vollet, Dominique Author-Name: Aznar, Olivier Title: Entre asymétrie d’information et incertitude partagée. Analyse des systèmes de certification biologique pour le marché domestique kenyan Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 369 Issue: July-September Number: 334783 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334783/files/ECRU_369_0063.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334783 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lombard, Pascal Author-Name: Baysse-Laine, Adrien Title: Terre de Liens, un levier foncier militant au service d’un projet politique pour l’agriculture Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 369 Issue: July-September Number: 334784 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334784/files/ECRU_369_0083.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334784 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dore, Gwenael Author-Name: Chahid, Mohammed Title: Le renouvellement de la contractualisation territoriale de l’État français : les contrats de ruralité Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 369 Issue: July-September Number: 334785 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334785/files/ECRU_369_0103.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334785 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Title: Jean-Marie Funel. Le projet, le territoire et autres contingences Regards sur l’action collective Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 369 Issue: July-September Number: 334786 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334786/files/ECRU_369_0119.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334786 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Title: Hommage - L’économie institutionnelle selon Martino Nieddu, lecteur du Temps des laboureurs…‪ Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 368 Issue: April-June Number: 334787 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334787/files/ECRU_368_0007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334787 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Senegas, Lea Title: Le soutien du Conseil régional d’Auvergne à l’agriculture biologique : entre volonté politique et intérêts professionnels‪ Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 368 Issue: April-June Number: 334788 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334788/files/ECRU_368_0019.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334788 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labrouche, Geoffroy Author-Name: Levy, Rachel Title: ‪Pourquoi rester en « ville moyenne » ? Le cas d’entreprises agroalimentaires d’Occitanie‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 368 Issue: April-June Number: 334789 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334789/files/ECRU_368_0035.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334789 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gandonou, Esaie Author-Name: Chogou, Sylvain Kpenavoun Author-Name: Adegbidi, Anselme Title: ‪Impact du conseil agricole privé sur l’efficacité technique des petits producteurs d’ananas au Bénin‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 368 Issue: April-June Number: 334790 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334790/files/ECRU_368_0055.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334790 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bianco, Soazig Di Author-Name: Arfa, Nejla Ben Author-Name: Ghali, Mohamed Author-Name: Turpin, Elodie Author-Name: Daniel, Karine Title: Les coopératives agricoles dans la transition écologique des agriculteurs. Les dispositifs de preuve de l’intérêt économique‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 368 Issue: April-June Number: 334791 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334791/files/ECRU_368_0075.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334791 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ringeval-Deluze, Aurelie Title: ‪Le vigneron champenois dans sa filière. État des lieux, évolutions et enjeux économiques‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 368 Issue: April-June Number: 334792 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334792/files/ECRU_368_0095.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334792 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Poizat, Axelle Author-Name: Duvaleix-Treguer, Sabine Author-Name: Rault, Arnaud Author-Name: Bonnet-Beaugrand, Florence Title: Le marché des broutards en France. Organisation de la filière, transmission de l’information et qualité‪ Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 368 Issue: April-June Number: 334793 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334793/files/ECRU_368_0107.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334793 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Sébastien ABIS (dir.). Le Déméter 2019‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 368 Issue: April-June Number: 334794 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334794/files/ECRU_368_0129.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334794 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Requier-Desjardins, Denis Author-Name: Roudart, Laurence Title: ‪Introduction. Les circuits courts alimentaires : regards croisés entre l’Amérique latine et l’Europe occidentale Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 367 Issue: January-March Number: 334795 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334795/files/ECRU_367_0007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334795 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nasr, Clemence Title: Des coopératives de consommation aux circuits courts alimentaires : le local d’une époque à l’autre‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 367 Issue: January-March Number: 334796 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334796/files/ECRU_367_0013.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334796 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loudiyi, Salms Author-Name: Houdart, Marie Title: ‪L’alimentation comme levier de développement territorial ? Réflexions tirées de l’analyse processuelle de deux démarches territoriales‪ Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 367 Issue: January-March Number: 334797 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334797/files/ECRU_367_0029.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334797 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marechal, Kevin Author-Name: Plateau, Lou Author-Name: Holzemer, Laurence Title: La durabilité des circuits courts, une question d’échelle ? L’importance de court-circuiter les schémas classiques d’analyse‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 367 Issue: January-March Number: 334798 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334798/files/ECRU_367_0045.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334798 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cialdella, Nathalie Author-Name: Silva, Edfranklin Author-Name: Alves, Livia Navegantes Author-Name: Diniz, Janaina Deane De Abreu Sa Title: ‪L’açaí en Amazonie : la diversité des goûts au cœur de la coexistence de circuits courts et globaux‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 367 Issue: January-March Number: 334799 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334799/files/ECRU_367_0061.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334799 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Medeiros, Monique Author-Name: Cazella, Antonio Author-Name: Tecchio, Andreia Author-Name: Cortes, Genevieve Title: Possibilités et controverses autour de la territorialisation des marchés agroalimentaires au Brésil‪ Keywords: Marketing Volume: 367 Issue: January-March Number: 334800 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334800/files/ECRU_367_0079.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334800 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonomelli, Veronica Author-Name: Roudart, Laurence Title: ‪Quels effets des circuits courts de commercialisation sur les moyens d’existence des agriculteurs familiaux ? Le cas d’une foire paysanne à Quito (Équateur)‪ Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics, Agribusiness Volume: 367 Issue: January-March Number: 334801 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334801/files/ECRU_367_0095.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334801 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baritaux, Virginie Title: Magali Talandier, Bernard Pecqueur (dir.). Renouveler la géographie économique‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 367 Issue: January-March Number: 334802 Year: 2019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334802/files/ECRU_367_0113.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334802 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bakehe, Novice Patrick Title: Productivité agricole et déforestation dans le bassin du Congo Keywords: Agribusiness, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 366 Issue: October-December Number: 334803 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334803/files/ECRU_366_0005.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334803 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupraz, Catherine Laroche Author-Name: Piet, Laurent Title: Les choix français en matière de convergence des aides découplées de la PAC à l’horizon 2019 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance Volume: 366 Issue: October-December Number: 334804 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334804/files/ECRU_366_0021.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334804 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Polge, Etienne Author-Name: Torre, Andre Author-Name: Wallet, Frederic Title: Coexistence et hybridation des modèles agricoles en Amazonie orientale. L’exemple la production laitière dans deux villages de la « commune verte » de Paragominas Keywords: Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 366 Issue: October-December Number: 334805 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334805/files/ECRU_366_0041.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334805 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soullier, Guillaume Author-Name: Moustier, Paule Author-Name: Bourgoin, Jeremy Author-Name: Ba, Alpha Title: Les effets des investissements d’agrobusiness sur les agriculteurs familiaux. Le cas de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 366 Issue: October-December Number: 334806 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334806/files/ECRU_366_0061.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334806 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto, Hadrien Di Author-Name: Bouquet, Emmanuelle Title: Le rôle de la famille dans la régulation des marchés fonciers à Madagascar Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 366 Issue: October-December Number: 334807 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334807/files/ECRU_366_0081.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334807 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Destandau, Francois Author-Name: Bchir, Mohamed Ali Author-Name: Rozan, Anne Title: Coordination face à un mixte d’instruments pour réguler la pollution diffuse. Une étude expérimentale Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 366 Issue: October-December Number: 334808 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334808/files/ECRU_366_0097.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334808 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lecomte, Thomas Title: Marie-Pierre HORARD, Bruno LAURIOUX (dir.). Pour une histoire de la viande : fabrique et représentations de l’Antiquité à nos jours Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 366 Issue: October-December Number: 334809 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334809/files/ECRU_366_0117.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334809 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lemeilleur, Sylvaine Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Title: Système participatif de garantie dans les labels du mouvement de l’agriculture biologique. Une réappropriation des communs intellectuels‪ Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 365 Issue: July-September Number: 334810 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334810/files/ECRU_365_0007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334810 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Akimowicz, Mikael Author-Name: Kephaliacos, Charilaos Title: Coordonner la construction territoriale par une vision du futur. Les dynamiques d’investissement agricole dans l’InterScot toulousain‪ Keywords: Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance Volume: 365 Issue: July-September Number: 334811 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334811/files/ECRU_365_0029.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334811 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarr, Ndeye Seynabou Diouf Author-Name: Basse, Blaise Waly Author-Name: Fall, Amadou Abdoulaye Title: Taux et déterminants de l’adoption de variétés améliorées de riz au Sénégal‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 365 Issue: July-September Number: 334812 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334812/files/ECRU_365_0051.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334812 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vita, Jesus Lozano Author-Name: Jacquet, Florence Author-Name: Thoyer, Sophie Title: ‪Les motivations économiques et non économiques dans le choix de pratiques des viticulteurs. Une approche par la programmation mathématique‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 365 Issue: July-September Number: 334813 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334813/files/ECRU_365_0069.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334813 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rapey, Helene Author-Name: Gendron, Pierre-Julien Author-Name: Dumont, Bertrand Title: ‪La diversité de l’élevage de ruminants au sein des territoires. L’exemple de la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 365 Issue: July-September Number: 334814 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334814/files/ECRU_365_0089.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334814 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Quentin Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: ‪Russie : un retour réussi sur la scène agricole mondiale. Des années 1990 à l’embargo‪ Keywords: Marketing, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 365 Issue: July-September Number: 334815 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334815/files/ECRU_365_0103.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334815 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piet, Laurent Title: ‪Projection de la population des exploitations agricoles françaises à l’horizon 2025‪ Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 365 Issue: July-September Number: 334816 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334816/files/ECRU_365_0119.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334816 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SFER Title: Projection de la population des exploitations agricoles françaises à l’horizon 2025 (supplément)‪ Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 365 Issue: July-September Number: 334817 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334817/files/ECRU_365_0120.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334817 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baritaux, Virginie Author-Name: Chatellier, Vincent Author-Name: Trouve, Aurelie Title: ‪La libéralisation des marchés laitiers. Quelles réponses des acteurs économiques et des politiques ?‪ Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 364 Issue: April-June Number: 334818 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334818/files/ECRU_364_0007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334818 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gouin, Daniel-Mercier Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Chrisophe Title: ‪La régulation laitière face à la volatilité des marchés – États-Unis, Nouvelle-Zélande, Canada, France, Suisse‪ Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 364 Issue: April-June Number: 334819 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334819/files/ECRU_364_0013.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334819 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Depeyrot, Jean-Noel Author-Name: Duval, Marion Title: ‪Global Dairy Trade, plateforme électronique néo-zélandaise de commercialisation. Quelles opportunités pour les marchés mondiaux de produits laitiers ? Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 364 Issue: April-June Number: 334820 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334820/files/ECRU_364_0031.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334820 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lambare, Pierre Author-Name: Derville, Marie Author-Name: You, Gerard Title: Quelles conditions d’accès au marché des éleveurs après les quotas laitiers ?‪ Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 364 Issue: April-June Number: 334821 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334821/files/ECRU_364_0055.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334821 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucas, Veronique Author-Name: Gasselin, Pierre Title: ‪Gagner en autonomie grâce à la Cuma. Expériences d’éleveurs laitiers français à l’ère de la dérégulation et de l’agroécologie Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 364 Issue: April-June Number: 334822 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334822/files/ECRU_364_0073.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334822 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chaumet, Jean-Marc Title: Le secteur laitier chinois. Entre pression des importations et reprise en main interne‪ Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 364 Issue: April-June Number: 334823 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334823/files/ECRU_364_0091.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334823 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perrot, Christophe Author-Name: Chatellier, Vincent Author-Name: Gouin, Daniel-Mercier Author-Name: Richard, Melanie Author-Name: You, Gerard Title: Le secteur laitier français est-il compétitif face à la concurrence européenne et mondiale ?‪ Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 364 Issue: April-June Number: 334824 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334824/files/ECRU_364_0109.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334824 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Santiso, Jorge Author-Name: Sineiro, Francisco Title: ‪Libéralisation des marchés laitiers. Une perspective depuis le secteur laitier espagnol‪ Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 364 Issue: April-June Number: 334825 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334825/files/ECRU_364_0129.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334825 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lorenzi, Frederique Title: Les quotas laitiers Montagne. Une expérience de territorialisation des droits à produire Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 364 Issue: April-June Number: 334826 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334826/files/ECRU_364_0141.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334826 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hellec, Florence Author-Name: Manoli, Claire Title: ‪Soigner autrement ses animaux : la construction par les éleveurs de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques‪ Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 363 Issue: January-March Number: 334827 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334827/files/ECRU_363_0007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334827 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gaillard, Claire Author-Name: Mougenot, Catherine Title: Les éleveurs de Montbéliarde au carrefour de l’innovation génomique : entre adhésion et résistance, solidarité et concurrence‪ Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 363 Issue: January-March Number: 334828 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334828/files/ECRU_363_0023.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334828 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saidi, Monia Author-Name: Giraud, Georges Title: Choisir un vin : rôle de l’implication et des connaissances dans le traitement de l’information disponible‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 363 Issue: January-March Number: 334829 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334829/files/ECRU_363_0039.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334829 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oullet, David Author-Name: Perrier, Jean-Philippe Title: Prix de vente des fermes au Québec. Divergence de vue entre les besoins des cédants et des repreneurs‪ Keywords: Farm Management, Agricultural Finance Volume: 363 Issue: January-March Number: 334830 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334830/files/ECRU_363_0065.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334830 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baroud, Khadidja Author-Name: Colin, Jean-Philipe Author-Name: Daoudi, Ali Title: ‪La politique d’accès à la propriété privée des terres mises en valeur en zones arides en Algérie. Éléments de discussion Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 363 Issue: January-March Number: 334831 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334831/files/ECRU_363_0081.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334831 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Plumecocq, Gael Author-Name: Debril, Thomas Author-Name: Duru, Michel Author-Name: Magrini, Marie-Benoit Author-Name: Sarthou, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Therond, Olivier Title: ‪Caractérisation socio-économique des formes d’agriculture durable Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 363 Issue: January-March Number: 334832 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334832/files/ECRU_363_0099.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334832 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bouteiller, Christophe Author-Name: Thenot, Maryline Author-Name: Lescieux-Katir, Honorine Title: Capitalisme patient et symbiose industrielle :le cas d’une bioraffinerie territorialisée‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 363 Issue: January-March Number: 334833 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334833/files/ECRU_363_0121.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334833 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pham, Hai Vu Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Title: ‪La politique de développement rural en France. Premières analyses des programmes de développement rural dans les régions françaises métropolitaines sur la période 2014-2020‪ Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 363 Issue: January-March Number: 334834 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334834/files/ECRU_363_0141.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334834 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deffontaines, Nicolas Title: Alexandra CÉALIS. Malaise agricole et politiques territoriales. Quelles réalités, quelles adéquations ? Étude à partir du cas du canton de Nocé, siège du Parc naturel régional du Perche Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 363 Issue: January-March Number: 334835 Year: 2018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334835/files/ECRU_363_0161.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334835 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bignebat, Celine Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Author-Name: Melot, Romain Title: ‪Éditorial‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 362 Issue: November-December Number: 334836 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334836/files/ECRU_362_0007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334836 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ditter, Jean-Guillaume Author-Name: Fensterseifer, Jaime Author-Name: Brouard, Joelle Title: Proximités et ressources territoriales dans la filière vin. L’exemple du vignoble de Chablis‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 362 Issue: November-December Number: 334837 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334837/files/ECRU_362_0009.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334837 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bougherara, Douadia Author-Name: Brunette, Marielle Author-Name: Heinzel, Christoph Author-Name: Ibanez, Lisette Author-Name: Muller, Laurent Author-Name: Teyssier, Sabrina Title: ‪Expériences économiques en économie agricole. État des lieux et dynamiques de recherche‪ Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 362 Issue: November-December Number: 334838 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334838/files/ECRU_362_0029.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334838 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vue, Sascha Author-Name: Garambois, Nadege Title: Politique énergétique allemande et agriculture au Jura souabe : denrées agricoles ou méthane ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 362 Issue: November-December Number: 334839 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334839/files/ECRU_362_0049.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334839 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duval, Ludivine Title: ‪Performance export des entreprises vitivinicoles françaises. Influence des stratégies et des politiques à l’exportation‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade Volume: 362 Issue: November-December Number: 334840 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334840/files/ECRU_362_0065.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334840 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: ‪Jusqu’où faut-il « renationaliser » la PAC ?‪ Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Agribusiness Volume: 362 Issue: November-December Number: 334841 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334841/files/ECRU_362_0091.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334841 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: Gilles Allaire, Benoit DAVIRON (dir.). Transformations agricoles et agroalimentaires. Entre écologie et capitalisme‪ Versailles, Quae, coll. « Synthèses », 2017, 429 p. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 362 Issue: November-December Number: 334842 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334842/files/ECRU_362_0099.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334842 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Surry, Yves Title: Distribution des coûts spécifiques de production dans l’agriculture de l’Union européenne : une approche reposant sur la régression quantile‪ Keywords: Production Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 361 Issue: September-October Number: 334843 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334843/files/economierurale-5320.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334843 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Turpin, Nadine Author-Name: Bouayad-Agha, Salima Author-Name: Vedrine, Lionel Author-Name: Perret, Eric Author-Name: Vollet, Dominique Author-Name: Lenain, Marie-Anne Title: ‪Politique d’accueil de nouvelles populations dans le Massif central et dynamisation des territoires. Une évaluation quantitative et qualitative Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 361 Issue: September-October Number: 334844 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334844/files/economierurale-5301.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334844 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benoit, Marc Author-Name: Tchamitchian, Marc Author-Name: Penvern, Servane Author-Name: Savini, Isabelle Author-Name: Bellon, Stephane Title: ‪Potentialités, questionnements et besoins de recherche de l’Agriculture Biologique face aux enjeux sociétaux‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 361 Issue: September-October Number: 334845 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334845/files/economierurale-5309.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334845 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veysset, Patrick Author-Name: Lherm, Michel Author-Name: Boussemart, Jean-Philippe Author-Name: Natier, Pierre Title: ‪Formation et répartition des gains de productivité en élevage bovin viande. Qui sont les gagnants et les perdants entre 1980 et 2015 ?‪ Keywords: Productivity Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 361 Issue: September-October Number: 334846 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334846/files/economierurale-5294.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334846 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bidaud, Florent Title: Agnès Roche. Des vies de pauvres. Les classes populaires dans le monde rural‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 361 Issue: September-October Number: 334847 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334847/files/economierurale-5292.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334847 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blasquiet-Revol, Helene Author-Name: Amblard, Laurence Author-Name: Aznar, Olivier Author-Name: Depres, Christophe Title: Organisation de l’entretien de la voirie locale dans les territoires ruraux. Le cas de trois communes du Puy-de-Dôme‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 360 Issue: July-August Number: 334848 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334848/files/economierurale-5247.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334848 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ouedraogo, Mathieu Author-Name: Thiombiano, Taladidia Title: ‪Déterminants socio-économiques des défrichements agricoles en zone sud-soudanienne du Burkina Faso Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 360 Issue: July-August Number: 334849 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334849/files/economierurale-5278.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334849 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gafsi, Mohamed Title: ‪Les stratégies de diversification des exploitations agricoles. Enseignements théoriques et empiriques‪ Keywords: Agribusiness, Farm Management Volume: 360 Issue: July-August Number: 334850 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334850/files/economierurale-5257.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334850 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cholez, Celia Author-Name: Magrini, Marie-Benoit Title: ‪Les contrats de production en grandes cultures. Coordination et incitations par les coopératives‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 360 Issue: July-August Number: 334851 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334851/files/economierurale-5260.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334851 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cadot, Julien Author-Name: Ugaglia, Adeline Alonso Author-Name: Serra, Jean-Paul Title: ‪Les effets de l’intégration verticale sur les revenus et les performances financières en viticulture française Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 360 Issue: July-August Number: 334852 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334852/files/economierurale-5267.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334852 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Quentin Title: Jean Vercherand. Microéconomie. Une approche critique : théorie et exercices‪ Bruxelles, P.I.E. Peter Lang, coll. « Business & Innovation », 2016, 493 p. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 360 Issue: July-August Number: 334853 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334853/files/economierurale-5276.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334853 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bignebat, Celine Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Author-Name: Melot, Romain Title: Éditorial Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 359 Issue: May-June Number: 334854 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334854/files/economierurale-5172.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334854 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brahic, Elodie Author-Name: Deuffic, Philippe Title: Comportement des propriétaires forestiers landais vis-à-vis du bois énergie Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 359 Issue: May-June Number: 334855 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334855/files/economierurale-5176.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334855 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brunette, Marielle Author-Name: Dragicevic, Arnaud Author-Name: Lenglet, Jonathan Author-Name: Niedzwiedz, Alexandra Title: Vers une composition optimale de la forêt française‪ Une application de la théorie de la sélection de portefeuille aux critères biotechniques Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 359 Issue: May-June Number: 334856 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334856/files/economierurale-5188.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334856 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Borzykowski, Nicolas Author-Name: Baranzini, Andrea Author-Name: Maradan, David Title: ‪Y a-t-il assez de réserves forestières en Suisse ? Une évaluation contingente‪ Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 359 Issue: May-June Number: 334857 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334857/files/economierurale-5201.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334857 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maichanou, Ahamadou Title: La micro-assurance agricole indicielle au Niger‪ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 359 Issue: May-June Number: 334858 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334858/files/economierurale-5230.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334858 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goulet, Frederic Title: ‪Explorer et partager. Les expériences de réduction des pesticides dans une revue professionnelle agricole‪ Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 359 Issue: May-June Number: 334859 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334859/files/economierurale-5213.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334859 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kirsch, Alessandra Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Trouve, Aurelie Title: ‪Aides directes et environnement : la politique agricole commune en question‪ Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 359 Issue: May-June Number: 334860 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334860/files/economierurale-5223.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334860 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: ‪Robert Levesque. Terre et Humanité : la voie de l’Écolocène‪ Paris, L’Harmattan, 2016, 172 p. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 359 Issue: May-June Number: 334861 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334861/files/economierurale-5211.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334861 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bermond, Michael Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Author-Name: Parmentier, Marc Author-Name: Piet, Laurent Author-Name: Remy, Jacques Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Title: Structures d’exploitation et exercice de l’activité agricole : continuités, changements ou ruptures ?‪ Keywords: Agribusiness, Farm Management Volume: 357-358 Issue: January-May Number: 334862 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334862/files/economierurale-5092.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334862 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cochet, Hubert Title: Séparation capital/travail, flexibilité et rémunération des facteurs de production‪ Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Farm Management Volume: 357-358 Issue: January-May Number: 334863 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334863/files/economierurale-5095.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334863 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madelrieux, Sophie Author-Name: Dobremez, Laurent Author-Name: Borg, Dominique Title: Évolutions des formes d’exercice de l’activité agricole‪ Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 357-358 Issue: January-May Number: 334864 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334864/files/economierurale-5100.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334864 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brives, Helene Author-Name: Chazoule, Carole Author-Name: Fleury, Philippe Author-Name: Vandenbroucke, Perrine Title: La notion d’« agriculture du milieu » est-elle opérante pour l’analyse de l’agriculture de Rhône-Alpes ?‪ Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management Volume: 357-358 Issue: January-May Number: 334865 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334865/files/economierurale-5109.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334865 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grannec, Marie-Laurence Author-Name: Salinas, Mathilde Author-Name: Ramonet, Yannick Author-Name: Boudes, Philippe Author-Name: Selmi, Adel Title: Analyse des déterminants et des conséquences des conflits locaux‪ Profils et stratégies des opposants et promoteurs de projets porcins Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 357-358 Issue: January-May Number: 334866 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334866/files/economierurale-5120.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334866 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roguet, Christine Author-Name: Duflot, Boris Author-Name: Rieu, Michel Title: Évolution des modèles d’élevage de porcs en Europe et impacts sur les performances technico-économiques‪ Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 357-358 Issue: January-May Number: 334867 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334867/files/economierurale-5139.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334867 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Courleux, Frederic Author-Name: Dedieu, Marie-Sophie Author-Name: Grandjean, Alexis Author-Name: Wepierre, Anne-Sophie Title: Agriculture familiale en France métropolitaine‪ Éléments de définition et de quantification Keywords: Farm Management, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 357-358 Issue: January-May Number: 334868 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334868/files/economierurale-5150.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334868 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Legagneux, Bruno Author-Name: Olivier-Salvagnac, Valerie Title: Quelle main-d’œuvre contractuelle dans les exploitations agricoles ? À la base de l’éclatement du modèle familial Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Farm Management Volume: 357-358 Issue: January-May Number: 334869 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334869/files/economierurale-5132.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334869 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Author-Name: Maigne, Elise Title: Carrières d’agriculteurs et transformation des structures des exploitations agricoles Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Farm Management Volume: 357-358 Issue: January-May Number: 334870 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334870/files/economierurale-5161.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334870 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Title: Éditorial Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 356 Issue: November-December Number: 334871 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334871/files/economierurale-5036.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334871 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Musson, Anne Author-Name: Rousseliere, Damien Title: De quoi l’agriculture écologiquement intensive est-elle le nom ? Une analyse du changement institutionnel à travers l’approche discursive Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 356 Issue: November-December Number: 334872 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334872/files/economierurale-5037.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334872 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Velly, Ronan Author-Name: Dufeu, Ivan Author-Name: Le Grel, Laurent Title: Les systèmes alimentaires alternatifs peuvent-ils se développer commercialement sans perdre leur âme ? Analyse de trois agencements marchands Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 356 Issue: November-December Number: 334873 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334873/files/economierurale-5046.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334873 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Galliano, Danielle Author-Name: Nadel, Simon Title: Les processus sectoriels de l’innovation environnementale : les spécificités des firmes agroalimentaires françaises Keywords: Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 356 Issue: November-December Number: 334874 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334874/files/economierurale-5055.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334874 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerson, Frederick Author-Name: Royer, Annie Author-Name: Duchesne, Erick Title: Des quotas aux contrats : perceptions de la filière laitière suisse et analyse contractuelle Keywords: Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 356 Issue: November-December Number: 334875 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334875/files/economierurale-5063.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334875 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perret, Eric Author-Name: Turpin, Nadine Title: Territoires et exploitations équines en France Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 356 Issue: November-December Number: 334876 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334876/files/economierurale-5070.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334876 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aubert, Magali Author-Name: Enjoylras, Geoffroy Title: Analyse financière des exploitations fruitières et maraîchères françaises qui vendent au détail Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agricultural Finance Volume: 356 Issue: November-December Number: 334877 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334877/files/economierurale-5076.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334877 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Title: Corinne Marache et Philippe Meyzie (dir.). Préface de Marc De Ferriere Le Vayer. Les produits de terroir. L’empreinte de la ville. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 356 Issue: November-December Number: 334878 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334878/files/economierurale-5086.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334878 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naves, Pierre Title: L’encadrement des circuits courts. Du secteur agricole aux territoires ? Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 355 Issue: September-October Number: 334879 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334879/files/economierurale-4978.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334879 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin, Elsa Author-Name: Vaitkeviciute, Jaune Title: Mesure de l’impact du changement climatique sur l’agriculture de Côte-d’Or Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness Volume: 355 Issue: September-October Number: 334880 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334880/files/economierurale-4984.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334880 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mamine, Fateh Author-Name: Montaigne, Étienne Author-Name: Boutonnet, Jean-Pierre Title: Perception de la qualité des produits laitiers et comportement du consommateur algérien Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 355 Issue: September-October Number: 334881 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334881/files/economierurale-4994.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334881 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: El Mokaddem, Abdelmohssin Author-Name: Morardet, Sylvie Author-Name: Lejars, Caroline Author-Name: Doukkali, Mohammed Rachid Author-Name: Benchekroun, Fayçal Title: Conception d’un paiement pour services environnementaux en pâturages collectifs. Une expérimentation des choix Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 355 Issue: September-October Number: 334882 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334882/files/economierurale-5004.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334882 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ngom, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Author-Name: Sarr, Felwine Author-Name: Fall, Amadou Abdoulaye Title: Mesure de l’efficacité technique des riziculteurs du bassin du fleuve Sénégal Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 355 Issue: September-October Number: 334883 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334883/files/economierurale-5021.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334883 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: Sébastien ABIS. Géopolitique du blé : un produit vital pour la sécurité mondiale Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 355 Issue: September-October Number: 334884 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334884/files/economierurale-5031.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334884 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertrand, Nathalie Author-Name: Melot, Romain Title: Terres agricoles au Nord et au Sud. Quelles transformations pour l’action publique ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use Volume: 353-354 Issue: May-July Number: 334885 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334885/files/economierurale-4891.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334885 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gharios, Cynthia Author-Name: El Nour, Saker Author-Name: Mundy, Martha Author-Name: Zurayk, Rami Title: Transformation rurale, paysage et conflit dans un village du Liban Sud, Sinay Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 353-354 Issue: May-July Number: 334886 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334886/files/economierurale-4893.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334886 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Papazian, Hermine Author-Name: d'Aquino, Patrick Author-Name: Bourgoin, Jeremy Author-Name: Ba, Alpha Title: Jouer avec diverses sources de régulation foncière : le pluralisme sahélien Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 353-354 Issue: May-July Number: 334887 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334887/files/economierurale-4904.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334887 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Range, Charline Title: Gouvernance foncière et intensification du multi-usage de l’espace Keywords: Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 353-354 Issue: May-July Number: 334888 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334888/files/economierurale-4919.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334888 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthes, Carole Author-Name: Bertrand, Nathalie Title: L’échelon intercommunal dans la gouvernance foncière des espaces agricoles Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 353-354 Issue: May-July Number: 334889 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334889/files/economierurale-4928.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334889 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delville, Philippe Lavigne Author-Name: Le Meur, Pierre-Yves Title: Expertise anthropologique et politiques foncières au Sud Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 353-354 Issue: May-July Number: 334890 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334890/files/economierurale-4932.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334890 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bouquet, Emmanuelle Author-Name: Anseeuw, Ward Author-Name: Burnod, Perrine Title: La formalisation des droits fonciers en discours Une comparaison des registres de justification en Afrique du Sud, au Mexique et à Madagascar Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 353-354 Issue: May-July Number: 334891 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334891/files/economierurale-4938.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334891 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Legras, Sophie Author-Name: Martin, Elsa Author-Name: Regnier, Camille Title: Foncier agricole, qualité de l’eau et intervention publique Keywords: Land Economics/Use, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 353-354 Issue: May-July Number: 334892 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334892/files/economierurale-4947.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334892 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Damien Author-Name: Kheraief, Naceur Title: Introduction : Agriculture indienne : aspects sociaux induits par les bouleversements agricoles récents Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 352 Issue: March-April Number: 334893 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334893/files/economierurale-4844.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334893 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ballet, Jerome Author-Name: Berthe, Alexandre Author-Name: Ferrari, Sylvie Title: Justice environnementale, justice alimentaire et OGM. Analyse à partir de l’agriculture indienne Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 352 Issue: March-April Number: 334894 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334894/files/economierurale-4847.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334894 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radja, Katia Author-Name: Schembri, Patrick Author-Name: Bazin, Damien Title: Quels enjeux de soutenabilité pour l’agriculture indienne ? Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 352 Issue: March-April Number: 334895 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334895/files/economierurale-4857.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334895 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorin, Bruno Author-Name: Aubron, Claire Title: Croissance et revenu du travail agricole en Inde. Une économie politique de la divergence (1950-2014) Keywords: Political Economy, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 352 Issue: March-April Number: 334896 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334896/files/economierurale-4865.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334896 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Author-Name: Kheraief, Naceur Title: Le commerce extérieur agroalimentaire de l’Inde Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 352 Issue: March-April Number: 334897 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334897/files/economierurale-4874.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334897 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: Matthieu ANSALONI. Le tournant environnemental de la Politique agricole commune. Débats et coalitions en France, en Hongrie et au Royaume-Uni Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 352 Issue: March-April Number: 334898 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334898/files/economierurale-4883.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334898 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gate, Romain Author-Name: Latruffe, Laure Title: Difficultés rencontrées lors de la transmission d’exploitations agricoles. Le cas de la Bretagne Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 351 Issue: January-February Number: 334899 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334899/files/economierurale-4792.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334899 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laidin, Catherine Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Title: LEADER pour les campagnes littorales. Une analyse critique Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 351 Issue: January-February Number: 334900 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334900/files/economierurale-4800.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334900 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rey-Valette, Helene Author-Name: Rulleau, Benedicte Author-Name: Balouin, Yann Author-Name: Herivaux, Cecile Title: Enjeux, valeurs des plages et adaptation des territoires littoraux à la submersion marine Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 351 Issue: January-February Number: 334901 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334901/files/economierurale-4812.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334901 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bello, Ibrahim Mohamed Title: Les stratégies de gestion de risques agricoles au Niger. Évidence empirique et implication pour les ménages agricoles Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty Volume: 351 Issue: January-February Number: 334902 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334902/files/economierurale-4829.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334902 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SFER Title: Jan Douwe VAN DER PLOEG. Les paysans du XXIe siècle : mouvements de repaysanisation dans l’Europe d’aujourd’hui traduit de l’anglais par Agnès El Kaïm - Paris, Éditions Charles Léopold Mayer, 2014, 217 p. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 351 Issue: January-February Number: 334903 Year: 2016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334903/files/economierurale-4827.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334903 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Title: Éditorial Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334904 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334904/files/economierurale-4708.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334904 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Author-Name: Vivien, Franck-Dominique Title: La bioraffinerie comme objet transitionnel de la bioéconomie Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334905 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334905/files/economierurale-4710.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334905 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergent, Arnaud Author-Name: Cazals, Clarisse Title: L’industrie papetière face au développement de la bioraffinerie lignocellulosique. Dynamiques institutionnelles et perspectives territoriales Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334906 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334906/files/economierurale-4711.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334906 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Levidow, Les Title: Les bioraffineries éco-efficientes. Un techno-fix pour surmonter la limitation des ressources ? Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334907 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334907/files/economierurale-4718.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334907 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andersen, Bente Hessellund Author-Name: Jorgensen, Michael Sogaard Title: Dépendance à la trajectoire et création d’une trajectoire dans les controverses sur la sphère bioénergétique au Danemark Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334908 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334908/files/economierurale-4731.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334908 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanguy, Corinne Author-Name: Matin, Michel Title: Innovations et stratégies logistiques dans la filière vitivinicole. Le rôle des proximités Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334909 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334909/files/economierurale-4744.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334909 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dari, Laetitia Author-Name: Pache, Gilles Title: Acteurs tiers et stratégies collectives au sein des filières. Le cas du liège en Corse Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334910 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334910/files/economierurale-4750.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334910 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleksanyan, Lilia Title: La situation économique et financière des entreprises agroalimentaires françaises (1998-2012) Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334911 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334911/files/economierurale-4768.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334911 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veysset, Patrick Author-Name: Lherm, Michel Author-Name: Roulenc, Marielle Author-Name: Troquier, Christophe Author-Name: Bebin, Didier Title: Analyse diachronique de l’efficience technique des systèmes de production bovin viande. Baisse de la productivité des facteurs variables sur 23 ans Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334912 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334912/files/economierurale-4776.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334912 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mesini, Beatrice Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Title: Concurrence des marchés de main-d’œuvre et dumping social dans l’agriculture Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334913 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334913/files/economierurale-4766.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334913 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Depres, Christophe Title: Franck-Dominique Vivien, Jacques Lepart, Pascal Marty (dir.). L’évaluation de la durabilité - Versailles, Quae, coll. « Indisciplines », 2013, 268 p. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 349-350 Issue: September-November Number: 334914 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334914/files/economierurale-4764.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334914 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lhermie, Guillaume Author-Name: Raboisson, Didier Author-Name: Krebs, Stephane Author-Name: Durpaz, Pierre Title: Facteurs déterminants et leviers de réduction de l’usage des antibiotiques en productions animales Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 348 Issue: July-August Number: 334915 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334915/files/economierurale-4671.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334915 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Plottu, Beatrice Title: Conflits d’usage du territoire. De l’identification des enjeux à l’émergence d’une solution négociée Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 348 Issue: July-August Number: 334916 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334916/files/economierurale-4683.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334916 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moumouni, Ismail Author-Name: Romemount, Aurelle de Author-Name: Amonsou-Biaou, Fortune Author-Name: Faure, Guy Title: Standardisation du conseil agricole et diversité des modalités d’action des conseillers au Bénin Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 348 Issue: July-August Number: 334917 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334917/files/economierurale-4691.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334917 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lecole, Pauline Author-Name: Thoyer, Sophie Title: Qui veut garder ses millions ? Redistribution des aides dans la nouvelle PAC Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 348 Issue: July-August Number: 334918 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334918/files/economierurale-4701.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334918 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: Pierre Feillet - Quel futur pour notre alimentation ? Versailles, Quae, coll. « Enjeux sciences », 2014, 165 p. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 348 Issue: July-August Number: 334919 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334919/files/economierurale-4670.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334919 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barataud, Fabienne Author-Name: Hellec, Florence Title: L’outil foncier, une solution délicate pour protéger les captages d’eau potable Keywords: Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 347 Issue: May-June Number: 334920 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334920/files/economierurale-4634.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334920 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zamburlini, Maria Giovanna Author-Name: Azcartae, Tomas Garcia Title: La réforme de la PAC post-2013. Un archipel d’ONG environnementales entre différenciation et coordination Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 347 Issue: May-June Number: 334921 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334921/files/economierurale-4640.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334921 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Palliere, Augustin Title: Différenciation et marginalisation de la paysannerie en Sierra Leone Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 347 Issue: May-June Number: 334922 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334922/files/economierurale-4648.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334922 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Landel, Pauline Title: Réseaux d’action publique et accès aux connaissances pour la « transition écologique » Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 347 Issue: May-June Number: 334923 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334923/files/economierurale-4657.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334923 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Joseph Garnotel - Au banquet de la nature : alimentation, agriculture et politique - Versailles, Quae, 2014, 192 p., 29,50 € Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 347 Issue: May-June Number: 334924 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334924/files/economierurale-4665.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334924 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rapey, Helene Title: L’agrandissement-spécialisation des élevages en montagne. Une dynamique inégale Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 346 Issue: March-April Number: 334925 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334925/files/economierurale-4591.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334925 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baritaux, Virginie Author-Name: Houdart, Marie Title: Relations fournisseurs-grande distribution dans les filières agroalimentaires. Une analyse de la trajectoire d’une démarche « filière qualité » Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 346 Issue: March-April Number: 334926 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334926/files/economierurale-4598.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334926 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau, Clemence Author-Name: Rinaudo, Jean-Daniel Author-Name: Garin, Patrice Title: La justice sociale dans la construction du jugement d’acceptabilité. Analyse des réactions d’agriculteurs face à différentes règles de partage de l’eau souterraine Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 346 Issue: March-April Number: 334927 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334927/files/economierurale-4612.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334927 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Triboulet, Pierre Author-Name: Peres, Stephanie Title: La répartition spatiale des industries agroalimentaires dans le secteur coopératif français Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 346 Issue: March-April Number: 334928 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334928/files/economierurale-4619.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334928 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roudart, Laurence Title: Conquérir la souveraineté alimentaire - Michel Buisson - Paris, L’Harmattan, 2013, 220 p. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 346 Issue: March-April Number: 334929 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334929/files/economierurale-4628.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334929 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra Author-Name: Duvaleix-Treguer, Sabine Author-Name: Magdelaine, Pascale Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Author-Name: Rieu, Michel Author-Name: You, Gerard Title: Contractualisation et modes de coordination dans les filières animales Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 345 Issue: January-February Number: 334930 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334930/files/economierurale-4538.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334930 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra Author-Name: Duvaleix-Treguer, Sabine Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Title: Contrats et modes de coordination en agriculture Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 345 Issue: January-February Number: 334931 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334931/files/economierurale-4545.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334931 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zago, Angelo Title: La réputation collective sur les marchés agricoles Keywords: Agribusiness, Marketing Volume: 345 Issue: January-February Number: 334932 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334932/files/economierurale-4557.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334932 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoine, Estelle Author-Name: Roussillon, Marie-Alex Author-Name: Legendre, Vincent Author-Name: Rieu, Michel Title: Les contrats de commercialisation des animaux en France. Une réponse à la variabilité du prix du porc ? Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 345 Issue: January-February Number: 334933 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334933/files/economierurale-4564.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334933 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magdeline, Pascale Author-Name: Coutelet, Guillame Author-Name: Duvaleix-Treguer, Sabine Title: La contractualisation dans le secteur aviculture chair Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Agricultural Finance Volume: 345 Issue: January-February Number: 334934 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334934/files/economierurale-4573.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334934 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: You, Gerard Title: Contractualisation et modes de coordination dans la filière laitière Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Agricultural Finance Volume: 345 Issue: January-February Number: 334935 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334935/files/economierurale-4580.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334935 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeanneaux, Philippe Title: Les enjeux du développement régional et territorial en zones rurales Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 345 Issue: January-February Number: 334936 Year: 2015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334936/files/economierurale-4587.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334936 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Title: Éditorial Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 344 Issue: November-December Number: 334937 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334937/files/economierurale-4487.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334937 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gatete, Charly Author-Name: Dabat, Marie-Helene Title: Développement des agrocarburants en Afrique de l’Ouest. Une analyse institutionnelle comparative Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 344 Issue: November-December Number: 334938 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334938/files/economierurale-4488.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334938 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lazuech, Gilles Title: Comment gérer les ressources marines ? Les jeux d’acteurs autour de la Politique commune des pêches Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 344 Issue: November-December Number: 334939 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334939/files/economierurale-4495.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334939 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Requier-Desjardins, Denis Author-Name: Guibert, Martine Author-Name: Buhler, Eve Anne Title: La diversité des formes d’agricultures d’entreprise au prisme des réalités latino-américaines Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 344 Issue: November-December Number: 334940 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334940/files/economierurale-4506.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334940 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lepicier, Denis Author-Name: Dore, Gwenael Author-Name: Diallo, Abdoul Title: Pays et intercommunalité, quelles conséquences de la réforme des collectivités territoriales? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 344 Issue: November-December Number: 334941 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334941/files/economierurale-4521.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334941 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SFER Title: Coopératives agricoles.Identité, enjeux et défis Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 344 Issue: November-December Number: 334942 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334942/files/economierurale-4525.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334942 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naves, Pierre Title: Antoine Bernard De Raymond - En toute saison : le marché des fruits et légumes en France Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes ; Tours, Presses universitaires François-Rabelais de Tours, 2013, 306 pages Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 344 Issue: November-December Number: 334943 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334943/files/economierurale-4527.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334943 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rousset, Sylvain Author-Name: Uny, Daniel Title: Évaluation socioéconomique des politiques phytosanitaires. Le cas de la chrysomèle du maïs Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries Volume: 343 Issue: September-October Number: 334944 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334944/files/economierurale-4424.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334944 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cordier, Jean Author-Name: Gohin, Alexandre Title: Quel impact des nouveaux spéculateurs sur les prix agricoles ? Une analyse empirique des fonds d’investissement Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 343 Issue: September-October Number: 334945 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334945/files/economierurale-4437.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334945 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dejouhanet, Lucie Title: Secteur informel et réseaux de commercialisation des plantes médicinales au Kerala (Inde) Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 343 Issue: September-October Number: 334946 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334946/files/economierurale-4447.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334946 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heinisch, Claire Author-Name: Gasselin, Pierre Author-Name: Durand, Guy Title: Circuits alimentaires de proximité dans les Andes. Vers une reconnaissance de l’agriculture familiale et paysanne Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 343 Issue: September-October Number: 334947 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334947/files/economierurale-4455.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334947 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Roy, Cecile Author-Name: Harel, Monique Author-Name: Latouche, Karine Author-Name: Gaigne, Carl Author-Name: Turolla, Stephane Title: Nomenclature de produits et concordance dans le temps. Procédure de correction et analyses de sensibilité Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 343 Issue: September-October Number: 334948 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334948/files/economierurale-4466.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334948 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SFER Title: La conférence de Bali a-t-elle rendu licites les politiques de stockage aux yeux de l’OMC ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 343 Issue: September-October Number: 334949 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334949/files/economierurale-4472.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334949 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Levesque, Robert Title: La valeur en procès : expropriation et stratégies judiciaires - Romain Melot Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 343 Issue: September-October Number: 334950 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334950/files/economierurale-4473.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334950 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perrin, Coline Title: Terres agricoles périurbaines : une gouvernance foncière en construction - Nathalie Bertrand Versailles, Quae, 2013, 250 pages Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 343 Issue: September-October Number: 334951 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334951/files/economierurale-4476.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334951 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Title: Éditorial Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 342 Issue: July-August Number: 334952 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334952/files/economierurale-4362.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334952 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chevalier, Pascal Author-Name: Dedeire, Marc Title: Application du programme leader selon les principes de base du développement local Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 342 Issue: July-August Number: 334953 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334953/files/economierurale-4382.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334953 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Figureau, Anne-Gaelle Author-Name: Montginoul, Marielle Author-Name: Rinaudo, Jean-Daniel Title: Scénarios de régulation décentralisée des prélèvements agricoles en eau souterraine. Évaluation participative dans le bassin du Clain Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 342 Issue: July-August Number: 334954 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334954/files/economierurale-4386.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334954 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boyer, Philippe Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Title: L’euro alimentaire en France et le partage des valeurs ajoutées Keywords: Marketing Volume: 342 Issue: July-August Number: 334955 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334955/files/economierurale-4394.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334955 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melot, Romain Title: Droits de propriété et d’usage sur la terre. Une étude statistique des recours contentieux en matière de fermage Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 342 Issue: July-August Number: 334956 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334956/files/economierurale-4402.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334956 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bellit, Sonia Author-Name: Detang-Dessendre, Cecile Title: Les salariés agricoles. Entre ancrage sectoriel et précarité Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 342 Issue: July-August Number: 334957 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334957/files/economierurale-4373.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334957 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piet, Laurent Author-Name: Cariou, Sylvain Title: Le morcellement des exploitations agricoles françaises Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 342 Issue: July-August Number: 334958 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334958/files/economierurale-4408.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334958 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herrera, Remy Title: Éric Sabourin - Organisations et sociétés paysannes. Une lecture par la réciprocité - éditions Quae, paris, 2012, 262 pages Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 342 Issue: July-August Number: 334959 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334959/files/economierurale-4411.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334959 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harribey, Jean-Marie Title: Antoine Missemer - Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, pour une révolution bioéconomique suivi de De la science économique à la bioéconomie de Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen - Lyon, ENS Éditions, coll. « Feuillets », 2013, 136 p. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 342 Issue: July-August Number: 334960 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334960/files/economierurale-4413.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334960 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lepage, Fanny Author-Name: Couderc, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Perrier, Jean-Philippe Title: Déterminants des décisions d’investissement dans les exploitations laitières. Une approche par la théorie de la gouvernance élargie Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 341 Issue: May-June Number: 334961 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334961/files/economierurale-4301.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334961 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Royer, Annie Author-Name: Couture, Jean-Michel Author-Name: Gouin, Daniel-Mercier Title: Démantèlement et pérennité des offices de commercialisation : une question de paradigme ? Keywords: Marketing Volume: 341 Issue: May-June Number: 334962 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334962/files/economierurale-4313.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334962 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chaieb, Abdelwaheb Author-Name: Caillavet, France Author-Name: Nichele, Veronique Author-Name: Soler, Louis-Georges Title: Allégations nutritionnelles, consommation alimentaire et politiques de santé publique Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy Volume: 341 Issue: May-June Number: 334963 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334963/files/economierurale-4323.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334963 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonin, Muriel Author-Name: Cathelin, Cecile Title: Conversion environnementale de la production bananière guadeloupéenne : une stratégie politique et économique Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries Volume: 341 Issue: May-June Number: 334964 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334964/files/economierurale-4329.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334964 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghali, Mohamed Author-Name: Daniel, Karine Author-Name: Colson, Francois Author-Name: Sorin, Stephane Title: L’agriculture écologiquement intensive. Une approche économique Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 341 Issue: May-June Number: 334965 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334965/files/economierurale-4338.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334965 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nedelec, Yann Author-Name: Feret, Samuel Title: La réforme de la Politique agricole commune de 2013 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 341 Issue: May-June Number: 334966 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334966/files/economierurale-4351.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334966 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guenot, Aurore Author-Name: Huchet-Bourdon, Marilyne Title: Rôle du coton sur la filière maïs au Burkina Faso Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 341 Issue: May-June Number: 334967 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334967/files/economierurale-4353.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334967 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duru, Michel Title: Michel Griffon - Qu’est ce que l’agriculture écologiquement intensive ? - Édition Quae 2013, Collection : Matière à débattre et décider, 224 pages Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 341 Issue: May-June Number: 334968 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334968/files/economierurale-4357.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334968 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Streith, Michel Author-Name: Cresson, Celine Title: Introduction - Les transversalités de l’agriculture bio Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334969 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334969/files/economierurale-4198.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Author-Name: Cahuzac, Eric Author-Name: Pomeon, Thomas Author-Name: Simioni, Michel Title: Approche spatiale de la conversion à l’agriculture biologique. Les dynamiques régionales en France Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334970 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334970/files/economierurale-4200.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334970 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Caroline Author-Name: Aubry, Christine Title: Collecte de grandes cultures biologiques en Île-de-France. Quels modes d’organisation et dynamiques d’intégration au sein de structures conventionnelles ? Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334971 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334971/files/economierurale-4216.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334971 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Touret, Claire Title: Systèmes de régulation et solidarité pour les filières laitières biologiques Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334972 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334972/files/economierurale-4225.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334972 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alavoine-Mornas, Francoise Author-Name: Madelrieux, Sophie Title: Passages à l’agriculture biologique. Une diversité de processus Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334973 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334973/files/economierurale-4235.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334973 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquil, Xavier Author-Name: Beguin, Pascal Author-Name: Dedieu, Benoit Title: Systèmes de polyculture élevage laitiers évoluant vers l’AB Renforcement des interfaces cultures/élevage Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334974 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334974/files/economierurale-4239.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334974 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fleury, Philippe Author-Name: Chazoule, Carole Author-Name: Peigne, Josephine Title: Ruptures et transversalités entre agriculture biologique et agriculture de conservation Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334975 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334975/files/economierurale-4247.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334975 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pernin, Jean-Louis Title: Le bio à la cantine. Impact sur les attitudes et comportements des parents d’élèves Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334976 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334976/files/economierurale-4259.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334976 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gafsi, Mohamed Author-Name: Favreau, Jean-Luc Title: Diversité des logiques de fonctionnement et durabilité des exploitations en agriculture biologique Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334977 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334977/files/economierurale-4269.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334977 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sautereau, Natacha Author-Name: Petitgenet, Morgane Title: Agriculture biologique : tensions entre de multiples enjeux. Cas des systèmes arboricoles en région PACA Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334978 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334978/files/economierurale-4276.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334978 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nizet, Jean Author-Name: Dam, Denise Van Title: Les évolutions des exploitations agricoles bios Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334979 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334979/files/economierurale-4283.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334979 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cardona, Aurelie Title: Le développement de l’agriculture biologique : effets directs et indirects dans le monde agricole et non-agricole. Une enquête en Île-de-France Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334980 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334980/files/economierurale-4292.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334980 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanguy, Corinne Title: Innovation et patrimoine alimentaire en espace rural - Jacynthe Bessière (coordinatrice) - Éditions QUAE 155 pages - 2012 Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 339-340 Issue: January-March Number: 334981 Year: 2014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334981/files/economierurale-4291.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334981 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boutet, Didier Author-Name: Serrano, Jose Title: Les sols périurbains, diversification des activités et des valeurs. Quelques éléments de comparaison et d’analyse Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 338 Issue: November-December Number: 334982 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334982/files/economierurale-4142.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334982 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magrini, Marie-Benoit Author-Name: Triboulet, Pierre Author-Name: Bedoussac, Laurent Title: Pratiques agricoles innovantes et logistique des coopératives agricoles. Une étude ex-ante sur l’acceptabilité de cultures associées blé dur-légumineuses Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 338 Issue: November-December Number: 334983 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334983/files/economierurale-4145.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334983 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rat-Aspert, Olivier Author-Name: Krebs, Stephane Title: Économie des actions collectives de maîtrise des maladies animales endémiques. Proposition d’un cadre d’analyse Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 338 Issue: November-December Number: 334984 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334984/files/economierurale-4154.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334984 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Razafimandimby, Haja Title: Changements organisationnels et valorisation des produits frais de la pêche en France Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 338 Issue: November-December Number: 334985 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334985/files/economierurale-4165.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334985 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kpade, Patrice Cokou Author-Name: Mensah, Edouard Romeo Title: Facteurs d’adoption de la lutte étagée ciblée au Nord-Bénin Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 338 Issue: November-December Number: 334986 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334986/files/economierurale-4174.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334986 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carbonnel, Anna Author-Name: Chia, Eduardo Author-Name: Mikolasek, Olivier Title: Dispositifs et événements dans la Recherche-Action en Partenariat au Cameroun Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 338 Issue: November-December Number: 334987 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334987/files/economierurale-4182.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334987 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filippi, Maryline Title: André Torre et Jean-Eudes Beuret – Proximités territoriales, Construire la gouvernance des territoires, entre conventions, conflits et concertations – Paris, 2012, Economica Anthropos, 105 pages Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 338 Issue: November-December Number: 334988 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334988/files/economierurale-4141.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334988 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cerf, Marianne Author-Name: Compagnone, Claude Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Title: Introduction. Conseiller en agriculture : acteurs, marchés, mutations Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 337 Issue: November-December Number: 334989 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334989/files/economierurale-4068.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334989 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Author-Name: Gallouj, Faiz Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Title: Privatisation du conseil et évolution de la qualité des preuves disponibles pour les agriculteurs Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Agribusiness Volume: 337 Issue: November-December Number: 334990 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334990/files/economierurale-4074.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334990 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grosso, Susana Author-Name: Albaladejo, Christophe Title: Essor du conseil privé et nouveaux profils des ingénieurs agronomes en Argentine Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Agribusiness Volume: 337 Issue: November-December Number: 334991 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334991/files/economierurale-4083.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334991 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Companone, Claude Author-Name: Lemery, Bruno Author-Name: Petit, Sandrine Author-Name: Kockmann, Francois Author-Name: Moretty, Pascale Title: Forme et réforme organisationnelles des Chambres d’agriculture. Une lecture à partir des régimes d’action des conseillers Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 337 Issue: November-December Number: 334992 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334992/files/economierurale-4095.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334992 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillot, Marie-Noelle Author-Name: Cerf, Marianne Author-Name: Petit, Marie-Sophie Author-Name: Olry, Paul Author-Name: Omon, Bertrand Title: Développer la capacité des conseillers à agir face à la diversité des situations de conseil en grande culture Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 337 Issue: November-December Number: 334993 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334993/files/economierurale-4105.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334993 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Capitaine, Mathieu Author-Name: Garnier, Ambroise Author-Name: Jeanneaux, Philippe Author-Name: Pervanchon, Frank Author-Name: Chabin, Yann Author-Name: Bletterie, Nathalie Author-Name: Torcy, Bertrand de Author-Name: Framond, Hugues de Title: Accompagner la démarche de management stratégique de l’exploitation agricole Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 337 Issue: November-December Number: 334994 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334994/files/economierurale-4118.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334994 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourou, Mana Author-Name: Havard, Michel Author-Name: Nana, Patrice Djamen Title: Diversification et fragilité des dispositifs de services de conseil agricole au Nord-Cameroun Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 337 Issue: November-December Number: 334995 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334995/files/economierurale-4132.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334995 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bicchetti, David Author-Name: Maystre, Nicolas Author-Name: Valluis, Bernard Title: Financiarisation des marchés de matières premières et conséquences Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Marketing Volume: 337 Issue: November-December Number: 334996 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334996/files/economierurale-4073.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334996 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: Sébastien ABIS - Pour le futur de la Méditerranée : l’agriculture - Éditions L’Harmattan, Bibliothèque de l’iReMMO, Paris, 2012, 150 pages Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 337 Issue: November-December Number: 334997 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334997/files/economierurale-4066.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334997 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mundler, Patrick Title: Le prix des paniers est-il un frein à l’ouverture sociale des AMAP ? Une analyse des prix dans sept AMAP de la Région Rhône-Alpes Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 336 Issue: July-August Number: 334998 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334998/files/economierurale-3983.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334998 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cadot, Julien Title: Contrat bancaire et monitoring : le cas de l’installation en viticulture Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 336 Issue: July-August Number: 334999 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334999/files/economierurale-3972.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:334999 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dekhili, Sihem Author-Name: Achabou, Mohamed Akli Title: Pertinence d’une double labellisation biologique-écologique auprès des consommateurs. Une application au cas des œufs Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 336 Issue: July-August Number: 335000 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335000/files/economierurale-4002.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335000 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kaffo, Celestin Author-Name: Djeuta, Nicole Doungtio Title: Ouest Cameroun : valorisation des produits locaux. L’exemple du vin de raphia Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 336 Issue: July-August Number: 335001 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335001/files/economierurale-4003.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335001 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbarot, Anne-Sophie Author-Name: Renard, Tiphaine Author-Name: Vollet, Dominique Author-Name: Lepicier, Denis Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Author-Name: Tiveyrat, David Title: Propositions méthodologiques pour mesurer la territorialisation des projets de développement rural Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 336 Issue: July-August Number: 335002 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335002/files/economierurale-3985.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335002 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: Hervé Bichat - Et si l’agriculture sauvait l’Afrique ? Éditions QUAE, 2012, 155 p., 16€ Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 336 Issue: July-August Number: 335003 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335003/files/economierurale-3984.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335003 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Author-Name: Boinon, Jean-Pierre Title: Hommage à Alain Pouliquen Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 335 Issue: May-June Number: 335004 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335004/files/economierurale-4060.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335004 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Author-Name: Trouve, Aurelie Title: Développement des territoires de projet. Quels enjeux pour les politiques rurales ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use Volume: 335 Issue: May-June Number: 335005 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335005/files/economierurale-3959.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335005 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roumane, Adil Title: Droits de propriété en économie pastorale. Le raisonnement hardinien est-il crédible ? Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 335 Issue: May-June Number: 335006 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335006/files/economierurale-3926.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diarra, Abdoulaye Author-Name: Benoit-Cattin, Michel Author-Name: Gerard, Francoise Author-Name: Gabas, Jean-Jacques Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Duteurtre, Guillaume Title: Échanges internationaux et développement de l’élevage laitier sénégalais. Étude comparative de trois simulations de politique économique Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 335 Issue: May-June Number: 335007 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335007/files/economierurale-3936.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335007 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cheriet, Foued Title: Prospectives céréalières en Méditerranée. Scénarios à l’horizon 2030 Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 335 Issue: May-June Number: 335008 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335008/files/economierurale-3947.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335008 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicourt, Christian Title: De l’élevage au commerce. Une dérive du métier d’éleveur de porcs bio ? Keywords: Marketing, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 335 Issue: May-June Number: 335009 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335009/files/economierurale-3954.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillotreau, Patrice Title: Le juste prix des produits alimentaires : entre efficience des marchés et exigence de justice sociale Keywords: Marketing, Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 335 Issue: May-June Number: 335010 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335010/files/economierurale-3960.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335010 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mundler, Patrick Title: Sylvie LUPTON - Economie des déchets. Une approche institutionnaliste - Editions de Boeck, collection ouvertures économiques, 2011, 267 p. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 335 Issue: May-June Number: 335011 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335011/files/economierurale-3958.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335011 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Title: Éditorial - Une nouvelle équipe éditoriale pour Économie rurale Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 334 Issue: March-April Number: 335012 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335012/files/economierurale-3885.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335012 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blancard, Staphane Author-Name: Boussemart, Jean-Philippe Author-Name: Flahaut, Juliette Author-Name: Lefer, Henri-Bertrand Title: Les fonctions distances pour évaluer la performance productive d’exploitations agricoles Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 334 Issue: March-April Number: 335013 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335013/files/economierurale-3887.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335013 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon, Bernard Title: L’installation en agriculture. La construction de l’intention entrepreneuriale Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 334 Issue: March-April Number: 335014 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335014/files/economierurale-3888.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quintal, Magalie Author-Name: Trudelle, Catherine Title: Maroc : Les associations locales dans la vallée du Ziz. Une nouvelle gouvernance territoriale Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 334 Issue: March-April Number: 335015 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335015/files/economierurale-3899.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335015 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnefond, Mathieu Author-Name: Fournier, Marie Title: Maîtrise foncière dans les espaces ruraux. Un défi pour les projets de renaturation des cours d’eau Keywords: Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 334 Issue: March-April Number: 335016 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335016/files/economierurale-3908.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335016 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moumouni, Ismail M. Title: Perceptions des acteurs sur le financement des services agricoles au Bénin Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 334 Issue: March-April Number: 335017 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335017/files/economierurale-3915.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fevre, Cecile Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: L’affirmation des multinationales de l’agroalimentaire des pays émergents. Le cas des firmes brésiliennes de la viande Keywords: Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 334 Issue: March-April Number: 335018 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335018/files/economierurale-3916.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335018 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hochart, Regis Author-Name: Azcarate, Tomas Garcia Title: Débat sur la Politique agricole commune après 2013 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 334 Issue: March-April Number: 335019 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335019/files/economierurale-3917.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335019 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vivien, Franck-Dominique Title: Philippe Descola - L’écologie des autres. L’anthropologie et la question de la nature - Paris, Ed. Quae, coll. Sciences en question, 112 p., 8,60 € Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 334 Issue: March-April Number: 335020 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335020/files/economierurale-3918.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335020 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roux, Bernard Title: ÉDITORIAL - Sept ans de production scientifique Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335021 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335021/files/economierurale-3787.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335021 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guerin, Marc Title: Introduction - La réduction des pesticides agricoles. Enjeux, modalités et conséquences Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335022 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335022/files/economierurale-3788.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335022 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicourt, Christian Author-Name: Girault, Jean-Max Title: Viticulteurs et techniciens viticoles face à leur exposition aux pesticides Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335023 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335023/files/economierurale-3789.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335023 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Surry, Yves Title: Estimation des coûts de production en phytosanitaires pour les grandes cultures. Une approche par la régression quantile Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335024 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335024/files/economierurale-3857.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335024 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgain, Odile Author-Name: Llorens, Jean-Marc Title: Simulation des seuils de rentabilité économique de techniques d’application localisée des pesticides Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335025 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335025/files/economierurale-3793.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335025 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roussary, Aurelie Author-Name: Salles, Denis Author-Name: Busca, Didier Author-Name: Dumont, Aline Author-Name: Carpy-Goulard, Francoise Title: Pratiques phytosanitaires en agriculture et environnement. Des tensions irréductibles ? Keywords: Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335026 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335026/files/economierurale-3804.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335026 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gassiat, Anne Author-Name: Zahm, Frederic Title: Améliorer la qualité de l’eau : quelle territorialisation ? Exemple des MAE à « enjeu eau » Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335027 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335027/files/economierurale-3812.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335027 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nguyen, Genevieve Author-Name: Corso, Jean-Pierre Del Author-Name: Kephaliacos, Charilaos Author-Name: Tavernier, Henri Title: Pratiques agricoles pour la réduction des produits phytosanitaires. le rôle de l’apprentissage collectif Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335028 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335028/files/economierurale-3817.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335028 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lescot, Jean-Marie Author-Name: Bordenave, Paul Author-Name: Leccia, Odile Author-Name: Petit, Kevin Title: Contrôle des pollutions diffuses par les pesticides. Une approche coût-efficacité spatialement distribuée Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335029 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335029/files/economierurale-3832.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335029 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lecuyer, Berengere Author-Name: Chatellier, Vincent Author-Name: Daniel, Karine Title: Les engrais minéraux dans les exploitations agricoles françaises et européennes Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335030 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335030/files/economierurale-3845.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335030 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SFER Title: Le défi de la diversification des entreprises agricoles - Éditions l’Harmattan - Collection Droit et Espace Rural – juillet 2011, 401 pages Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 333 Issue: January-February Number: 335031 Year: 2013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335031/files/economierurale-3848.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335031 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melot, Romain Author-Name: Torre, Andre Title: Introduction : Conflits d’usage dans les espaces ruraux et périurbains Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335032 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335032/files/economierurale-3601.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335032 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pham, Hai Vu Author-Name: Kirat, Thierry Author-Name: Torre, Andre Title: Les conflits d’usage dans les espaces ruraux et périurbains. Le cas des infrastructures franciliennes Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335033 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335033/files/economierurale-3606.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335033 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darly, Segolene Title: La reterritorialisation de l’agriculture, effet collatéral des conflits d’usage. Le cas francilien Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335034 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335034/files/economierurale-3622.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335034 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeanneaux, Philippe Author-Name: Dare, Williams Title: Conflits d’usage et processus de patrimonialisation des espaces résidentiels. La Réunion et le Puy-de-Dôme Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335035 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335035/files/economierurale-3644.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335035 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melot, Romain Author-Name: Paoli, Jean-Christophe Title: Espaces protégés, espaces sanctuarisés ? Conflits autour de la loi littoral en Corse Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335036 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335036/files/economierurale-3661.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335036 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bossuet, Luc Author-Name: Boutry, Ornella Title: Conflits d’usage et de voisinage autour de la ressource en eau. Illustration à partir du littoral charentais Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335037 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335037/files/economierurale-3680.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335037 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chiffoleau, Yuna Title: Circuits courts alimentaires, dynamiques relationnelles et lutte contre l’exclusion en agriculture Keywords: Food Security and Poverty Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335038 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335038/files/economierurale-3694.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335038 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SFER Title: Le bio s’use-t-il ? Analyse du débat autour de la conventionalisation du label bio Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335039 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335039/files/economierurale-3708.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335039 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dekhili, Sihem Author-Name: Sirieix, Lucie Title: Importance des critères de choix de l’huile d’olive. La méthode Best Worst Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335040 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335040/files/economierurale-3727.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335040 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mosnier, Claire Author-Name: Wieck, Christine Title: Dynamiques régionales de la production laitière : France - Allemagne - Royaume-Uni Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335041 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335041/files/economierurale-3748.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335041 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupraz, Catherine Laroche Title: Débat : L’Agenda de Doha et les enjeux pour les pays pauvres Hérité de l’Uruguay Round, le cadre des négociations agricoles est à revoir Keywords: Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335042 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335042/files/economierurale-3751.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335042 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Title: Bernard Bourget - Les défis de l’Europe verte - Broché, Éditions L'Harmattan, 116 pages, juillet 2011 Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335043 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335043/files/economierurale-3597.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335043 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trouve, Aurelie Title: Comité européen de droit rural - La PAC en mouvement - Évolution et perspectives de la Politique Agricole Commune - Édition L’Harmattan, Paris, 2011, 208 pages Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 332 Issue: November-December Number: 335044 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335044/files/economierurale-3752.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335044 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roux, Bernard Title: Éditorial Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335045 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335045/files/economierurale-3472.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335045 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vercherand, Jean Author-Name: Lemery, Bruno Author-Name: Compagnone, Claude Author-Name: Doidy, Eric Title: Le syndicalisme agricole face à la réforme de la PAC Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335046 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335046/files/economierurale-3473.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335046 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jouve, Anne-Marie Author-Name: Vianey, Gisele Title: Le foncier, une ressource territoriale difficile à construire en périurbain Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335047 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335047/files/economierurale-3478.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335047 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tallon, Helene Author-Name: Tonneau, Jean-Philippe Title: Le projet pluriactif entre autonomie et précarité. Les défis de l’accompagnement Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335048 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335048/files/economierurale-3485.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335048 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Garambois, Nadege Author-Name: Devienne, Sophie Title: Les systèmes herbagers économes. Une alternative de développement agricole pour l’élevage bovin laitier dans le Bocage vendéen ? Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335049 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335049/files/economierurale-3496.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335049 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Couture, Jean-Michel Author-Name: Gouin, Daniel-Mercier Author-Name: Morisset, Michel Title: Réforme et mesures de transition. Quelles avenues pour le secteur laitier canadien ? Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335050 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335050/files/economierurale-3517.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335050 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clarence-Smith, William G. Title: Grands et petits planteurs de caoutchouc en Afrique (1934-1973) Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335051 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335051/files/economierurale-3506.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335051 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruf, Francois Title: L’adoption de l’hévéa en Côte d’Ivoire. Prix, mimétisme, changement écologique et social Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335052 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335052/files/economierurale-3527.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335052 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hertzog, Thomas Author-Name: Adamczewski, Amandine Author-Name: Lallau, Benoit Title: De l’attractivité à la non durabilité ? Essai sur les stratégies paysannes et pastorales au Lac Horo (Nord Mali) Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335053 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335053/files/economierurale-3535.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335053 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bocoum, Ibrahima Author-Name: Dury, Sandrine Author-Name: Egg, Johny Title: La pauvreté monétaire reflète-t-elle la consommation calorique ? Keywords: Food Security and Poverty, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335054 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335054/files/economierurale-3548.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335054 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oriol, Michele Author-Name: Dorner, Veronique Title: L’indivision en Haïti. Droits, temps et arrangements sociaux Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335055 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335055/files/economierurale-3552.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335055 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coq, Jean-Francois Le Author-Name: Faure, Guy Author-Name: Saenz, Fernando Title: Les organisations de producteurs dans le système de services agricoles au Costa Rica Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335056 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335056/files/economierurale-3564.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335056 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delarue, Jocelyne Author-Name: Chambon, Benedicte Title: La Thaïlande : premier exportateur de caoutchouc naturel grâce à ses agriculteurs familiaux Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335057 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335057/files/economierurale-3571.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335057 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hervieu, Bertrand Title: Hubert Cochet, L’agriculture comparée QUAE Éditions (2011), 159 pages Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335058 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335058/files/economierurale-3577.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335058 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: Jean-Paul Marechal - CHINE/USA : le climat en jeu - Éditions Choiseul (2011), 114 pages Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 330-331 Issue: July-September Number: 335059 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335059/files/economierurale-3579.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335059 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debril, Thomas Title: L’évolution de la régulation de la filière pêche dans le contexte européen. Externalités économiques et politique publique Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 329 Issue: May-June Number: 335060 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335060/files/economierurale-3416.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335060 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bihan, Veronique Le Author-Name: Pardo, Sophie Title: La couverture des risques en aquaculture. Une réflexion sur le cas de la conchyliculture en France Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 329 Issue: May-June Number: 335061 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335061/files/economierurale-3419.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335061 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giraud, Georges Author-Name: Tebby, Cleo Author-Name: Amblard, Corinne Title: Proximité géographique et connaissance des fromages AOC chez les consommateurs. Le cas du Saint-Nectaire Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 329 Issue: May-June Number: 335062 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335062/files/economierurale-3426.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335062 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gallen, Celine Author-Name: Sirieix, Lucie Author-Name: Sagot, Stephanie Title: Le design culinaire comme potentiel de valorisation d’un territoire. Le design est-il mangeable ? Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 329 Issue: May-June Number: 335063 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335063/files/economierurale-3434.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335063 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SFER Title: Pour un meilleur équilibre de la cellule familiale. Un regard sur les Self-Help Groups en Inde du Sud Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 329 Issue: May-June Number: 335064 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335064/files/economierurale-3462.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335064 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Broda, Philippe Title: Stratégies de diversification et développement alternatif à la culture de la coca en Amazonie colombienne Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 329 Issue: May-June Number: 335065 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335065/files/economierurale-3448.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335065 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azoulay, Gerard Title: Jean-Louis Rastoin et Gérard Ghersi - Le système alimentaire mondial : concepts et méthodes, analyses et dynamiques - Éditions Quæ, 565 p., 45 euros Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 329 Issue: May-June Number: 335066 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335066/files/economierurale-3444.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335066 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: Michel Petit - Pour une agriculture mondiale, productive et durable - Éditions Quæ, collection Essais, Paris, 2011, 112 p., 13, 00 € Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 329 Issue: May-June Number: 335067 Year: 2012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335067/files/economierurale-3446.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335067 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bignebat, Celine Author-Name: Labarthe, Pierre Author-Name: Melot, Romain Title: ÉDITORIAL Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 370 Issue: October-December Number: 335292 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335292 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335292/files/economierurale-7117.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Callois, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Fartsi, Ida Author-Name: Ngoulma, Jeannot Author-Name: Jeanneau, Philippe Title: Perception de la qualité par la distribution et dynamique des ventes. Le cas des AOP fromagères d’Auvergne Abstract: This article aims to better understand the reasons for the stagnation of sales of AOP cheeses from Auvergne, despite the significant efforts made by producers. It focuses on factors related to product perceptions on the part of consumers and sellers, based on field surveys carried out in different regions with distributors. The analysis of the results of these surveys in the light of price and volume data confirms the hypothesis that the AOP cheeses of Auvergne are “trapped” in a situation of reputation for low quality products. These results suggest that better communication throughout the sector would enable all players to benefit from higher margins. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Industrial Organization Volume: 370 Issue: October-December Number: 335293 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335293 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335293/files/economierurale-7121.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lubello, Pasquale Author-Name: Codron, Jean-Marie Author-Name: Mathieu-Hurtiger, Vincent Title: Les exportations françaises de pommes face à la contrainte du traitement au froid en transit. Un cas de dépendance de sentier institutionnel Abstract: In this article, the authors illustrate the concept of path dependence with the case of a cold treatment device used during sea transit in the international apple trade to prevent the introduction or spread of quarantine pests into apples. importing countries. They show that this device is routinely required today and functions as a de facto standard despite the existence of potentially less expensive and equally effective alternative treatment modalities. In accordance with the theoretical framework mobilized, the authors indicate the negotiation costs that an exporting country would have to bear in order to have its trading partners accept a more efficient alternative mechanism, Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 370 Issue: October-December Number: 335294 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335294 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335294/files/economierurale-7176.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hammou, Sihem Ait Author-Name: Fort, Fatiha Author-Name: Brabez, Fatima Author-Name: Saidoun, Rym Title: Rôle de l’apprentissage dans la gouvernance territoriale. Le cas d’une indication géographique en Algérie Abstract: The analysis of territorial governance is presented through the development of the system for recognizing the quality of agricultural products and products of agricultural origin. This instrument is implemented by inviting private players and associations to join public players in defining quality signs. The article apprehends governance through collective learning processes for the recognition of the quality of products of origin. The analysis of territorial governance highlights learning situations of participation and consultation induced by the establishment of the geographical indication dry fig of Béni Maouche. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 370 Issue: October-December Number: 335295 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335295 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335295/files/economierurale-7215.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kouboura, Adijatu Author-Name: Djinadou, Alice Author-Name: Acacha, Hortensia Vicentia Title: Perception des technologies selon le genre. Le cas de la production du niébé au Bénins Abstract: The major constraint to cowpea production is the high parasitic pressure of pests and diseases, which leads producers to make excessive use of chemical pesticides. To overcome the harmful consequences of chemical pesticides, agricultural research has developed and promoted the technology of aqueous extracts of neem in Benin. This study assesses, with a gender perspective, the perceptions of cowpea producers regarding the characteristics of these aqueous neem extracts in southwestern Benin. The research was based on focus groups and an in-depth investigation of a case study. The study uses a gender analysis, coupled with the theory of reasoned action, to determine the perceptions of 96 male and 144 female cowpea producers. The constraints and opportunities of cowpea producers have been identified taking into account gender. The perceptions of the producers, concerning the aqueous extracts of neem, were analyzed through the calculation of indices of perception (index of demand, supply and realization). The results highlighted constraints and opportunities directly related to gender. Producers have identified five criteria for assessing phytosanitary products. The perception indices highlighted differences in perceptions between men and women, mainly due to gender-differentiated constraints and opportunities. were analyzed through the calculation of perception indices (demand, supply and realization index). The results highlighted constraints and opportunities directly related to gender. Producers have identified five criteria for assessing phytosanitary products. The perception indices highlighted differences in perceptions between men and women, mainly due to gender-differentiated constraints and opportunities. were analyzed through the calculation of perception indices (demand, supply and realization index). The results highlighted constraints and opportunities directly related to gender. Producers have identified five criteria for assessing phytosanitary products. The perception indices highlighted differences in perceptions between men and women, mainly due to gender-differentiated constraints and opportunities. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 370 Issue: October-December Number: 335296 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335296 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335296/files/economierurale-7251.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nkott, Anny Lucrece Nlend Author-Name: Mathé, Syndhia Author-Name: Temple, Ludovic Title: Analyse multi-niveaux des freins à l’adoption de la certification du cacao au Cameroun Abstract: European requirements on the quality of cocoa lead to the development of certification, to improve the production and post-harvest management of the beans. However, certification remains underdeveloped in Cameroon. This article mobilizes the sociotechnical transition model to analyze the determinants of certification adoption. Interviews with 11 players in the cocoa sector were conducted, as well as a survey of 90 producers. The results highlight the incompleteness of the system involved in certification, which results in its poor dissemination. This trend is accentuated by the absence of a price differential for producers between certified cocoa and ordinary cocoa. The conclusion questions the ability of certification standards to transform the cocoa sector. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 370 Issue: October-December Number: 335297 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335297 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335297/files/economierurale-7282.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnal, Liliane Author-Name: Ferru, Marie Author-Name: Charles, Denis Title: Perceptions et comportements d’achat des produits alimentaires locaux Abstract: The study is based on original data from surveys carried out with more than 1,500 consumers of food products (local or not), in the territory of Poitiers, a dynamic medium-sized town where the proportion of students appears to be relatively high. We study the perceptions and purchasing behavior of local food products. Based on an analysis of purchasing behavior, our essentially empirical work reveals: 1) the significance of qualitative criteria on price, 2) a favorable perception of local food products, 3) the significant impact of traditional consumption determinants on the probability of purchase, 4) different purchasing methods for students and non-students calling for the implementation of targeted marketing policies. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 370 Issue: October-December Number: 335298 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335298 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335298/files/economierurale-7297.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magrini, Marie-Benoit Author-Name: Julier, Bernadette Title: Quelle place pour les légumineuses dans une Europe agroécologique ? Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 370 Issue: October-December Number: 335299 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335299 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335299/files/economierurale-7110.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nkengfack, Hilaire Author-Name: Djoudji, Serge Temkeng Author-Name: Fotio, Hervé Kaffo Title: Gouvernance, institutions et protection de l’environnement dans les pays de la CEEAC Abstract: This article re-examines the effects of governance/institutions on the quality of the environment captured successively by the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the countries of the Community. economy of Central African States (ECCAS), under the hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve (CEK). The econometric model is inspired by the work of Grossman and Krueger (1991, 1995) and is estimated successively by generalized least squares (GLS) and double least squares with instrumental variables (DMC-IV). Two main results emerge from the study. Initially, there would be a “Pseudo CEK” in the shape of an “N” between economic growth and the different types of pollutants. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would then follow a sinusoidal or cyclical trend in ECCAS. Secondly, improving governance would make it possible to significantly reduce polluting emissions in the countries under consideration. Therefore, the strengthening of programs of governance and improvement of the quality of institutions will generally contribute to reducing the levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in ECCAS countries. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 371 Issue: January-March Number: 335300 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335300 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335300/files/economierurale-7384.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lazuech, Gilles Title: Appartenance communautaire et engagement dans le métier : le cas d’une génération de marins pêcheurs professionnels (1940-1960) Abstract: While farming communities were weakened by the process of modernization and intensification of agriculture, the productivist model applied to artisanal fishing from the 1960s was an undeniable success in harbor communities. The latter mobilized locally a set of available social, economic, and cultural resources that allowed them to fully benefit from their entry into the market economy. This article examines the nature of these resources with regard to the professional commitments of a generation of fishermen born between 1940 and 1960. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 371 Issue: January-March Number: 335305 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335305 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335305/files/economierurale-7421.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazie, Yves Gérard Author-Name: Le Cotty, Tristan Author-Name: D’hôtel, Élodie Maitre Author-Name: Ouattara, Damien Oula Author-Name: Sanou, Audrier Title: Pourquoi une relation positive entre taille des exploitations et productivité au Burkina Faso ? Abstract: In Burkina Faso, grain productivity is higher in larger farms. This positive relationship goes against the dominant empirical finding known in the economic literature as the “inverse farm size-productivity relationship.” This paper analyzes the interdependence between maize and cotton production for access to fertilizer as an explanatory factor for the positive relationship. A production model inspired by Feder (1985) is applied to the production of maize under credit constraints. It states that maize yield increases with the total area of the farm, provided that this increase translates into a lifting of the cultivable cotton land constraint. The empirical validity of this model is tested using a combination of household, price, and rainfall data for Burkina Faso over the 1995–2012 period. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 371 Issue: January-March Number: 335306 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335306 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335306/files/economierurale-7592.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bouroullec, Melise Dantas Machado Title: Les différentes gouvernances des circuits courts alimentaires de vente en ligne collective Abstract: In recent years, short supply chains have grown and become a central object of regional food governance. Among the different projects, this paper will focus on the governance of two online collective short food supply chains. Based on a comparative analysis of a series of nine cases studies and a neo-institutional approach, the paper explores the different forms of governance associated with the same type of transaction and examines their coexistence. In order to reduce coordination problems and to deal with the attributes of the transactions, some mechanisms mitigate major opportunistic behavior: the purchase/resale of products. However, our case studies suggest that internal and external rivalries are difficult to manage. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 371 Issue: January-March Number: 335307 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335307 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335307/files/economierurale-7521.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Traoré, Arahama Author-Name: Bocoum, Ibrahima Author-Name: Tamini, Lota D. Title: Services financiers : quelles perspectives pour le déploiement d’innovations agricoles en Afrique ? Abstract: This article offers a synthesis and a critical analysis on formal financial services used in Africa in the deployment of agricultural innovations. A literature review followed by a content analysis was conducted. After a presentation and a discussion of different credit mechanisms, the study recommends various short, medium and long-term credits adapted to the financing of various agricultural innovations while taking into account their specificities. The study shows that government intervention under certain conditions, the association of credit with agricultural extension service and insurance mechanisms, collaboration between banks and microfinance institutions are all actions which could facilitate the deployment and increase the efficiency of agricultural innovations in Africa. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 371 Issue: January-March Number: 335308 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335308 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335308/files/economierurale-7549.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Jean-Paul Title: Sylvain Brunier. Le Bonheur dans la modernité (conseillers agricoles et agriculteurs, 1945-1985) Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 371 Issue: January-March Number: 335309 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335309 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335309/files/economierurale-7636.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thoyer, Sophie Author-Name: Hofstetter, Annie Author-Name: Préget, Raphaële Author-Name: Dutilly, Céline Author-Name: Lécole, Pauline Title: Introduction - Politiques agricoles et alimentaires : trajectoires et réformes Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 372 Issue: April-June Number: 335310 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335310 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335310/files/economierurale-7655.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guyomard, Hervé Author-Name: Détang-Dessendre, Cécile Author-Name: Dupraz, Pierre Author-Name: Gohin, Alexandre Author-Name: Requillart, Vincent Author-Name: Soler, Louis-Georges Author-Name: Chatellier, Vincent Author-Name: Brennetot, Claire Author-Name: Dedieu, Benoît Author-Name: Delaby, Luc Author-Name: Pellerin, Sylvain Author-Name: Peyraud, Jean-Louis Author-Name: Schmitt, Bertrand Title: La PAC de l’après 2020 : éclairages de la recherche Abstract: This paper offers a preliminary assessment of some aspects of the legislative proposals for the CAP after 2020, which were presented by the European Commission on June 1, 2018. In the first section, we analyze the objectives of the new CAP and their implementation in the form of national strategic plans. The next four sections focus on four themes at the core of debates on the future CAP: i) environment and climate change; ii) risk management; iii) overnutrition; and iv) innovation. For each of these four themes, we formulate policy recommendations based on the latest research developments. The concluding section analyzes to what extent the June 2018 proposals for the next CAP are consistent with these research developments and policy recommendations. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 372 Issue: April-June Number: 335311 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335311 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335311/files/economierurale-7665.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Comment comprendre les débats actuels relatifs à la prochaine réforme de la PAC ? Plaidoyer pour un cadre d’analyse dynamique Abstract: More than thirty years ago, I developed an analytical framework for understanding the determinants of agricultural policies, emphasizing the sequential nature of the processes involved in the development and evolution of public policies. This framework was used by several authors to report on the evolution of agricultural policies in Europe and in the US. The purpose of this article is to explore the relevance of this framework today, assessing to what extent it facilitates understanding of the current debates on the next CAP reform. I first suggest an interpretation of the trajectory of this policy since its inception in the 1960s as resulting from the interplay of a few long-term economic forces. This makes it possible to then analyze the current debate and to speculate on the future of the CAP in light of what these long-term economic forces will be. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 372 Issue: April-June Number: 335312 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335312 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335312/files/economierurale-7692.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Author-Name: Cornu, Pierre Title: L’Inra face au tournant libéral de la Politique agricole commune : les chemins d’une acculturation (1978-1992) Abstract: Between the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1990s, economists at France’s National Institute for Agricultural Research (Institut national de la recherche agronomique, INRA) faced the challenge of finding a scientifically valid and politically relevant answer to the liberalization process that was affecting agricultural markets worldwide. Engaged in both a theoretical and a methodological aggiornamento, these economists were able to gain, if not the confidence of INRA’s leadership, then at least its approval, enabling the institute to anticipate a liberal reform of the Common Agricultural Policy. The aim of this paper, which approaches the subject from both a historical and an economic perspective, is thus to shed light on the conditions of this paradoxical rallying, in a professional world characterized by its attachment to a conception of “progress” that is inseparable from state interventionism. Based on a study of the trajectories, positions, and discourses of the main protagonists who shaped the scientific strategy and the public expertise in the field of agricultural policies during these crucial years, this paper defends the hypothesis that this rallying around a heteronomous standard was mainly an act of anticipation, linked to the emergence of a knowledge-based economy at the end of the twentieth century. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 372 Issue: April-June Number: 335313 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335313 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335313/files/economierurale-7708.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Auquier, Célia Title: Le rôle de l’État dans le développement agricole au Pérou et en Équateur : des politiques agricoles si différentes ? Abstract: The aim of this article is to compare two agricultural policies, one implemented by a neoliberal state with a focus on the market economy (Peru), the other devised by a planning state and based on the principles of buen vivir (Ecuador). In these two countries with common past trajectories, how does this ideological change manifest itself within agricultural policy and in the practice of planning? A comparative analysis shows that the states do not intervene in the same way within their respective countries. However, other elements of Ecuadorian agricultural policy have several similarities with those of Peru. These analogies are contrary to the objectives of the Ecuadorian state. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 372 Issue: April-June Number: 335314 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335314 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335314/files/economierurale-7737.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonin, Muriel Author-Name: Saenz, Fernando Author-Name: Le Coq, Jean-François Title: Loi d’appui à l’agriculture biologique au Costa Rica. D’une élaboration réussie à une mise en œuvre partielle Abstract: This article analyzes the design and implementation of Costa Rica’s Organic Farming Support Law based on a review of previous work and legal texts, as well as interviews conducted at the national level. The policy-making process was marked by agroecology social movements and Ministry of Agriculture staff influencing the content of the law, which culminated in its promulgation in 2007. The implementation of the law has been hampered by a system dominated by conventional agriculture, by divisions within social movements, and uncoordinated actions with the Ministry of Agriculture, linked to conflicting visions of organic agriculture and agroecology. The recent creation of a department dedicated to organic agriculture within the Ministry of Agriculture is hoping to overcome the stumbling blocks that have been identified. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 372 Issue: April-June Number: 335315 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335315 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335315/files/economierurale-7763.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guéneau, Stéphane Author-Name: Sabourin, Éric Author-Name: Niederle, Paulo André Author-Name: Schmitt, Claudia Job Title: Tensions internes et ruptures politiques : où en est le processus d’institutionnalisation de l’agroécologie au Brésil ? Abstract: This article analyzes the trajectory of agroecology policies in Brazil. The methodology includes an extended literature review and interviews with key actors based on a framework that drew from that of the sociology of public action. The results indicate that the formation of a coalition of social movements has played a major role in the adoption of the national policy for agroecology and organic production. The design and implementation of this policy are based on a series of participatory and intersectoral mechanisms. However, the coalition is faced with internal tensions about the agroecological project. The political change that took place in 2016 has blocked this process, but other dynamics can be anticipated, in particular at the local level. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade Volume: 372 Issue: April-June Number: 335316 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335316 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335316/files/economierurale-7768.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sachet, Stéphane Title: La mise en politique de l’agroforesterie. Des interdépendances sociales défiant le corporatisme sectoriel en France ? Abstract: Using Norbert Elias’s concept of social interdependence, as well as Pierre Muller’s concept of policy framework, this paper analyzes how agroforestry has been incorporated into French national public policy through the “Projet agro-écologique pour la France” [Agroecology Project for France], as well as into European policy through the “greening” of the Common Agricultural Policy. This study shows that the nature of social dialogue has evolved slightly when it comes to defining agricultural policies. Alternative actors’ expertise seems to be promoted at the expense of the typical corporatism of agricultural stakeholders. Now, technical innovation appears and develops through empirical experiences amongst informal groups where farmers, scientists, institutions and civil society stakeholders cooperatively work together. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 372 Issue: April-June Number: 335317 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335317 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335317/files/economierurale-7791.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chatellier, Vincent Title: Le paiement redistributif et le plafonnement des aides directes : deux outils de la PAC favorables aux petites exploitations agricoles françaises ? Abstract: Focusing on the case of France, this paper reflects on two Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) instruments that aim to have an impact on the distribution of direct payments among farms. The first, implemented from 2015, is the redistributive payment allocated to famers for the first 52 hectares of their land. The second involves degressivity and the capping of direct payments, in accordance with the proposals made by the European Commission on June 1, 2018. Using individual data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and several possible implementation modalities for these two instruments, some simulations are carried out to shed light on the impacts of these instruments. The results show the extent to which the level of potential redistribution is affected by the particular options chosen (threshold levels, exemption, targeting of funds collected, and so on). Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance Volume: 372 Issue: April-June Number: 335318 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335318 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335318/files/economierurale-7841.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chaumet, Jean-Marc Title: La politique agricole chinoise : changement de cap pour un même objectif Abstract: The goal of controlling food supply has been present throughout Chinese history. But the recent evolution of food consumption and environmental constraints have made inevitable the shift toward a productivist agricultural policy that China has been pursuing for decades. This new orientation is based on sustaining production potential and investments abroad in order to secure purchases on the international markets and maintain control of food supply. This strategy puts China at the heart of the global agricultural geo-economy, both in terms of international trade and foreign investment. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade Volume: 372 Issue: April-June Number: 335319 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335319 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335319/files/economierurale-7861.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lambert, Charlène Author-Name: Condor, Roland Author-Name: Prével, Maxime Title: Le travail institutionnel sur les pratiques agroécologiques dans la filière du paysage en France Abstract: For several years, agriculture has faced major environmental constraints that tend to demonize conventional practices and give rise to new institutions conducting agroecological practices. While such changes are difficult to perform in most agricultural sectors, the landscape sector has seemingly succeeded in achieving this change. On the basis of this context, the authors aim to shed light on the creation process of a new institution through institutional work. Their article thus highlights a large scope of institutional works, the central and complementary roles of both research and education, as well as the use of crowd-based institutional works. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 373 Issue: July-September Number: 335320 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335320 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335320/files/economierurale-7877.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335320 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Denos, Guillaume Author-Name: Ferrandi, Jean Marc Author-Name: Pantin-Sohier, Gaëlle Title: Valorisation des produits carnés : une étude du signal « élevé au pâturage » sur le packaging Abstract: For the consumer, the “pasture-raised” sign is perceived as an indication of a high-quality production method, respectful of the animal and its environment. Our study aims at understanding and building an efficient communication strategy around the pasture-raised attribute on meat products. We use quality perception theory and consider the impact of different messages on the packaging of a piece of meat. These messages valorize pasture raising according to three lines of argumentation: the consumption experience, beliefs related to health benefits, and beliefs related to positive effects on animal welfare and the environment. We confirm the positive perception of communication on pasture raising as a sign of quality linked above all to the gustatory experience. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 373 Issue: July-September Number: 335321 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335321 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335321/files/economierurale-7943.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marty, Gérard Title: De la chandelle aux ventes informatisées. L’organisation des ventes aux enchères de bois des forêts publiques, entre gouvernement des intérêts privés et souci de l’intérêt général (1318-2020) Abstract: This article focuses on analyzing the shaping of commercial exchange built by public authorities in public timber auctions over the past seven centuries, in order to govern the economic conduct of agents. It describes the succession of the three auction procedures used by the forestry to sell its timber lots. It highlights that the use of these procedures corresponds to three different timescales, whose emergence and disappearance are linked to the action of endogenous and exogenous variables. Finally, it demonstrates that the current choice of the National Forests Office (ONF) to exclusively use the tendering process results from a complex arbitration between its interests and those of the forest-wood sector, to which it must ensure a competitive timber supply. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 373 Issue: July-September Number: 335322 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335322 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335322/files/economierurale-8012.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdin, Sébastien Title: Concertation, localisation, financementsAnalyse des déterminants du déploiement de la méthanisation dans le Grand-Ouest français Abstract: The methanization process is at the crossroads of several issues: energy through biomass treatment, waste management through by-product recovery, climate through the reduction of greenhouse gases, and agriculture through diversification and supplementing agricultural income. However, the spread of methanization faces obstacles in France. It seems important to consider the factors of success or failure related to biogas projects. A quantitative study (logit model used on 91 anaerobic digestion projects) and a qualitative study (49 semi-structured interviews) were carried out to identify and understand the processes that anaerobic digestion projects went through to succeed, or conversely, to fail. Our findings show that the abandonment or stopping of a project is strongly related to the presence of a group of objectors, who are often wary of these projects and do not trust the project leaders. Furthermore, social acceptance seems to be correlated to proximity to biogas plants. We conclude by identifying operating and/or investment subsidies as having a positive and significant effect on the success of these projects. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 373 Issue: July-September Number: 335323 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335323 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335323/files/economierurale-8043.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnaud, Laure Author-Name: Déplaude, Marc-Olivier Author-Name: de Sainte-Marie, Christine Author-Name: Jas, Nathalie Author-Name: Pinaud, Samuel Title: Produire les savoirs de la modernité agro-industrielle. Le cas de l’OMNIUM d’économie agroalimentaire (1964-1976) Abstract: In 1964, the École nationale supérieure des industries agroalimentaires—a French engineering school specialized in agrifood industries located in Massy, in the Paris area—hosted a research and consulting group in economics. Within about ten years, the “Groupe de Massy,” later named OMNIUM, produced a significant amount of data and studies on a rapidly changing agrifood sector. This article aims to understand the emergence and production modalities of this knowledge. The importance of contract financing, the scale of the empirical work carried out, and the type of knowledge ultimately produced are characteristic of a knowledge production regime that developed in France from the 1960s onward and aimed to bring industrial modernity to French society and the French economy. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 373 Issue: July-September Number: 335324 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335324 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335324/files/economierurale-8078.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carvin, Olivier Author-Name: Saïd, Sandra Title: Contrat agro-environnemental et participation des agriculteurs Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to draw up a state of the art of the design of the agroenvironmental contract and its impact on farmers’ participation. The diversity of arrangements in Europe and around the world leads us to focus on contract design and its impact on participation, based on four dimensions: maintaining or changing practices, action-oriented or result-oriented payment, uniform or differentiated payment between farmers, individual or collective payment. The state of the art recalls that measures aiming to maintain practices are not a solution to all issues. Furthermore, innovative measures do not have a clearly positive impact on farmers’ participation. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 373 Issue: October-December Number: 335325 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335325 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335325/files/economierurale-8131.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335325 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Quentin Title: Claudio Brenni - Souveraineté alimentaire et semences. Questions autochtones et paysannes dans la gouvernance de la biodiversité agricole internationale (1970-2013) Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 373 Issue: July-September Number: 335326 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335326 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335326/files/economierurale-8166.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melot, Romain Title: Éditorial Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 374 Issue: October-December Number: 335327 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335327 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335327/files/economierurale-8182.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335327 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Botton, Carole Author-Name: Edelbloude, Johanna Title: La filière équine, une filière agricole qui se diversifie pour résister à la crise Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 374 Issue: October-December Number: 335328 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335328 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335328/files/economierurale-8186.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lompech, Michel Author-Name: Ricard, Daniel Title: Des ânes partout, pourquoi et pour quoi faire ? Abstract: If donkeys apparently no longer serve any purpose in the modern world, why are there still so many of them in rural areas and on the outskirts of urban areas in France? In an attempt to understand this paradox, this article firstly offers a cartographic analysis of statistical sources available at the national level. From this, a specific geography emerges, showing areas where they are bred, areas where they are used by humans, along with areas where donkey owners are mainly amateurs, and those where they tend to be farmers. We then move on to examine the different uses of the donkey, drawing on results from qualitative surveys. Be they direct (donkey milk) or indirect (porterage, pulling vehicles), all these uses enable the donkey to occupy a new role in society. Its (admittedly small-scale) re-entry into society can also take quite conflicting forms, linked in particular to issues of breed selection and the ownership of this animal by individual members of the public. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 374 Issue: October-December Number: 335329 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335329 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335329/files/economierurale-8206.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335329 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pickel-Chevalier, Sylvine Title: Mise en tourisme des Haras nationaux : de la perpétuation à la réinvention ? Abstract: Horses have supported the development of humankind since antiquity. When they ceased to play a useful role in society during the twentieth century, this could have sealed their fate, had they not been recategorized as part of the leisure sphere and thus given new social purposes. This recategorization has also enabled equestrian activities to undergo heritage development, reflecting their change of meaning. In this article, I claim that tourism can contribute to this dynamic, focusing in particular on the case of national studs in France. I aim firstly to understand how turning the horse into an object of tourism has enabled an animal that was formerly an agricultural production tool to undergo heritage development, and secondly to understand the role of regional actors who have had a hand in this reinvention. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 374 Issue: October-December Number: 335330 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335330 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335330/files/economierurale-8247.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Botton, Carole Author-Name: Edelbloude, Johanna Author-Name: Darras-Barquissau, Nathalie Title: Les courses hippiques à l’épreuve d’un mouvement social : contribution de la médiation à la structuration de revendications collectives Abstract: Looking back at the unprecedented social conflict between the socio-professionals of the horse racing sector and their governance institutions in 2016–2017, this research examines how two ad hoc mediating organizations shaped the protest. Using secondary data to analyze the timeline of events and the discourse employed reveals the effective combination of the two organizations’ actions. These two mediating organizations guided the collective protest by combining their tactics, mobilizing their resources, and bringing both their emotions and expertise to the table. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 374 Issue: October-December Number: 335331 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335331 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335331/files/economierurale-8268.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335331 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vial, Céline Author-Name: Eslan, Camille Author-Name: Costa, Sandrine Author-Name: Thomas, Oriane Title: Fidélisation au centre équestre : une enquête auprès d’enfants cavaliers et de leurs parents Abstract: Since 2012, the Fédération Française d’Équitation (FFE) (French Equestrian Federation) has been witnessing a drop in rider membership, after seventy years of continuous growth. This article investigates this trend, focusing on the FFE’s core target audience of riding school customers through a survey of eighty-seven riders aged seven to twelve and their parents. Drawing on the literature on consumer loyalty, the results show the respective influences that children and parents have on choice processes and sports club loyalty. Satisfaction, confirmation of expectations, community engagement, attractiveness of the alternative offer, and relationships with teachers, groups of friends, and particular horses emerge as important concepts to consider. Moreover, the relationships formed with friends and particular horses at the riding school can act as switching barriers in the loyalty process. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 374 Issue: October-December Number: 335332 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335332 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335332/files/economierurale-8307.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barh, Vanina Deneux-Le Title: Les chevaux de sécurité publique : des professionnels ? Abstract: Can horses who work with humans be considered professionals? This article aims to show how recognizing and taking into account the work of the horse contributes to the construction of a professional group. Drawing on the sociology of professional groups, of activity, and of work carried out by animals, I analyze the representations of respondents working in the Republican Guard and the equestrian brigade of the city of Tours, adopting a discursive approach and using textometric processing. In human–horse working relationships, the recognition of the work of horses and the central role played by affectivity make the activity an “energy” that produces meaning and values, as well as creating a professional identity that goes beyond the realm of the institution. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 374 Issue: October-December Number: 335333 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335333 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335333/files/economierurale-8367.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bigot, Geneviève Author-Name: Veslot, Jacques Author-Name: Vollet, Dominique Title: Les exploitants agricoles avec équins : des références pour les structures de la filière équine ? Abstract: An analysis of the 2010 French agricultural census shows that 41,000 farms hold on average three equids, and 14,000 farms hold more than 300,000 equids in total. The prominence of broodmares in herds enables us to discriminate breeding farms (which offer varying services, including breeding and livery boarding) from facilities that function more as riding schools or training stables. In facilities with at least one annual work unit (AWU), the rate ranges from forty equids per AWU on average for draft farming, twenty for saddle horses, and fifteen for race horses. This analysis shows that farms with equids can serve as a reference for all types of equine industry facilities. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 374 Issue: October-December Number: 335334 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335334 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335334/files/economierurale-8412.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Sébastien ABIS et Matthieu BRUN (dir.) - Le Déméter 2020 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 374 Issue: October-December Number: 335335 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335335 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335335/files/economierurale-8457.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laroutis, Dimitri Author-Name: Lepelletier, Patrice Title: Ruissellement érosif et bien-être des citoyens : une nouvelle approche de l’estimation du consentement à payer Abstract: Through the implementation of the contingent valuation method (CVM), the authors seek to reveal individuals’ willingness to pay for a reduction of the risk of erosive runoff in the Commerce Valley (Upper Normandy). A survey was conducted among 221 individuals. One of the goals of this study is to propose a new method to improve the estimation of willingness to pay in the framework of the CVM. This alternative estimator appears to reveal a WTP lower than the actual WTP, but more accurate in individual WTP forecasts than the use of a tobit model. The results also suggest that while the tobit’s forecasts overstate the WTP, their alternative estimator undervalues it. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 375 Issue: January-March Number: 335336 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335336 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335336/files/economierurale-8484.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lepage, Fanny Author-Name: Cheriet, Foued Title: Gouvernance et croissance des grandes exploitations agricoles : la place de l’agri-entrepreneur Abstract: The agricultural producer is recognized as being the main person responsible for the management of his/her farm and the strategies put in place to operationalize its growth. However, it has been shown that he/she is framed and influenced in his/her strategic choices by a system of governance. The aim of this article is to better understand the specificities of producers and of the system of governance of large-scale farms, which have received little attention in the empirical literature. The results show the presence of an agro-entrepreneur profile, a strong involvement of external actors as partners of the manager, privileged modes of external growth, as well as a formalization of governance and organization of operations. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 375 Issue: January-March Number: 335337 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335337 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335337/files/economierurale-8534.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serrano, José Author-Name: Tanguay, Céline Author-Name: Yengué, Jean-Louis Title: Le rôle des collectivités locales dans la gouvernance alimentaire : le cas du projet alimentaire territorial de Tours-Métropole-Val-de-Loire Abstract: The 2014 law on the future of agriculture, food, and forestry aims to promote the relocation of food production to the local level by emphasizing the key role of local actors. It proposes territorial food projects as a public tool facilitating the coordination of their action within a project-based approach. Therefore, the law gives local authorities a key role in the governance of stakeholders. In this article, the authors look at a food relocalization experiment by studying the Tours-Métropole-Val-de-Loire territorial food project. They demonstrate that Tours-Métropole adopted a “technicist” approach that preserved the predominance of traditional supply chain actors in the local food system. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 375 Issue: January-March Number: 335338 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335338 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335338/files/economierurale-8563.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonhomme, Kelly Author-Name: Schaffar, Alexandra Title: L’évaluation économique des plages par la méthode des coûts de déplacement : une démarche exploratoire Abstract: The aim of this paper is to deliver an original analysis of the economic value of a beach by applying the travel-cost method to different Mediterranean and Atlantic coast beaches in France. An original database was built through field research conducted in the summer of 2019. The results show that individual attributes, tourists’ behavior, and travel costs are the main determinants of the economic value of a beach. The results also show that the Mediterranean beaches have a lower value than those of the Atlantic coast, but also that the disparities in the values of the Mediterranean beaches are greater. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 375 Issue: January-March Number: 335339 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335339 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335339/files/economierurale-8614.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rapey, Hélène Author-Name: Balouzat, Jimmy Author-Name: Roguet, Christine Author-Name: Dounies, Bruno Title: Des alternatives à la spécialisation des élevages porcins sont-elles encore possibles en zones de montagne ? Abstract: Despite the low density of pigs in the Massif Central, the pig economy plays an essential role in maintaining slaughter and processing tools, and in cultural identity. A recent research and development action makes it possible to describe and understand the forms and conditions of maintenance of these barely visible but essential farms. Based on the analysis of recent data from BDPORC, as well as postal and direct surveys, it explains the diversity, specificities, and prospects of these predominantly mixed pig-herbivore systems. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 375 Issue: January-March Number: 335340 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335340 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335340/files/economierurale-8653.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Canali, Massimo Title: Jean-Christophe Paoli - Printzipàles e pastori sardi. Origine e trasformazione di un allevamento ovino mediterraneo Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 375 Issue: January-March Number: 335341 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335341 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335341/files/economierurale-8698.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debref, Romain Author-Name: Vivien, Franck-Dominique Title: Quelle bioéconomie écologique ? Retour sur le débat des années 1970-1980 Abstract: Today, bioeconomy is a buzzword used in the roadmaps of international institutions such as the OECD and the European Commission. This term is far from new, as the publication in 1980 of a Cahier du Germes issue on “Questions to the Bioeconomy” shows. This issue contained the analysis of three leading development economists: Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, René Passet, and Ignacy Sachs. This article details their theorizations of the bioeconomy, revealing their common points and their divergences. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 376 Issue: April-June Number: 335342 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335342 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335342/files/economierurale-8789.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rakotovao, Miravo Author-Name: Godard, Lucile Author-Name: Sauvée, Loïc Title: Dynamique agricole d’une filière de valorisation de la biomasse : cas de la Centrale Biométhane en Vermandois Abstract: Today, biomass is the only known natural and renewable carbon source of which there is enough to substitute fossil fuels. This resource is expected to have societal functions, leading to a change in our methods of production and consumption of agricultural products. Faced with the proliferation of territorial biomass valorization projects, this article seeks to understand the socioeconomic modalities of their emergence in agricultural territories and the decision-making processes of actors involved in terms of their motivations and their obstacles to getting involved in a methanization project. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with some of the farmers involved in the project. A typology then emerged from this research, demonstrating the complexity of decision-making processes in a non-food biomass valorization chain. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 376 Issue: April-June Number: 335343 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335343 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335343/files/economierurale-8849.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335343 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grillot, Myriam Author-Name: Ruault, Jean-François Author-Name: Torre, André Author-Name: Bray, Frédéric Author-Name: Madelrieux, Sophie Title: Le proto-métabolisme : approche du fonctionnement bioéconomique d’un territoire agricole Abstract: The bioeconomy has become politically unavoidable for the transition to a carbon-free economy. It promotes the development of non-food uses of agricultural biomass. However, few methods and tools allow us—without prior fieldwork—to outline hypotheses on the bioeconomic functioning of a territory, from the stages of agricultural biomass production to its valorization. Thus, this article proposes an operational metabolic approach, based on open data, and a framework for analysis that deals with dimensions of embeddedness, autonomy, and energetic, environmental, and socioeconomic footprints. This proposal is put to the test within two territories, enabling a preliminary assessment to be made before any field application. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 376 Issue: April-June Number: 335344 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.335344 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/335344/files/economierurale-8908.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:335344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allo, R.P. Title: Enquête sur la mobilité des familles paysannes Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Number: 349435 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349435 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349435/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_1_1140.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, L. Author-Name: Paquet Author-Name: Gielfrich, H. Title: Le travail féminin et le travail temporaire dans les exploitations agricoles du département d'Ille-Et-Vilaine Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Number: 349436 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349436 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349436/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_1_1141.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coutin, Pierre Title: La population agricole en France Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Number: 349437 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349437 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349437/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_1_1142.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349437 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Constitution de la société : statuts Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Number: 349438 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349438 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349438/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_1_1775.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Augé-Laribé Title: Essai de définition des termes de l'économie rurale Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Number: 349439 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349439 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349439/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_2_1144.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tugault, Jean Title: Les méthodes de calcul des prix de revient agricoles Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Agricultural Finance Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Number: 349440 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349440 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349440/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_2_1145.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Informations Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Number: 349441 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349441 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349441/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_2_1146.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Augé-Laribé Title: Essai de définition des termes usuels de l'économie rurale Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Number: 349442 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349442 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349442/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_3_1147.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michele Title: Conservation des sols et calcul économique Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Number: 349443 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349443 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349443/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_3_1148.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349443 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ratineau, Jacques Title: La rationalisation de l'exploitation agricole Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Number: 349444 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349444 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349444/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_3_1150.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Quatre rapports sur la situation des recherches en économie rurale Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Number: 349445 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349445 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349445/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_3_1151.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Sujets envisagés pour les études d'économie rurale Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Number: 349446 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349446 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349446/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_3_1152.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Informations Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Number: 349447 Year: 1949 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349447 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349447/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1949_num_1_3_1153.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sorre, Maximilien Title: Economistes ruraux et géographes Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349448 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349448 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349448/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1172.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vanzetti, Carlo Title: Considérations sur le développement des études d'économie rurale en France et en Italie Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349449 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349449 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349449/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1173.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allo, R.P. Georges Author-Name: Coutin Author-Name: Moreau Title: La section des recherches rurales du centre d'études "économié et humanisme" Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349450 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349450 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349450/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1175.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coutin, Pierre Author-Name: Allo, R.P. Author-Name: Coutin Author-Name: Moreau Title: Note sur les travaux de la commission de modernisation de la vie rurale en montagne [article] Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349451 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349451 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349451/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1176.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau Author-Name: Allo, R.P. Author-Name: Coutin Title: La division de la rentabilite de la C.G.A Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349452 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349452 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349452/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1177.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Augé-Laribé Title: Essai de définition des termes usuels de l'économie rurale Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349453 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349453 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349453/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1178.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau Author-Name: Allo, R.P. Author-Name: Coutin Title: La division de la rentabilite de la C.G.A Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349454 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349454 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349454/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1177.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Augé-Laribé Title: Essai de définition des termes usuels de l'économie rurale Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349455 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349455 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349455/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1178.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbrousses Author-Name: Bouchet Title: Le fichier des exploitations agricoles Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349456 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349456 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349456/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1179.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Besoins et ressources alimentaires dans le monde Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349457 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349457 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349457/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1180.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coutin, Pierre Title: La population du monde Keywords: International Development Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349458 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349458 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349458/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1181.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mévellec, l'Abbé Title: Les bretons d'Aquitaine Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349459 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349459 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349459/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1182.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Informations Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Number: 349460 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349460 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349460/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_1_1183.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dumont, René Title: La " reconquête " de nos terres incultes, à propos de l'est Dromois Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Number: 349461 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349461 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349461/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_2_1184.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Dainville, François Title: Obstacles humains au progrès de l'agriculture Montpelliéraine en 1789 Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Number: 349462 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349462 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349462/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_2_1185.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis R. Title: La classification des terres Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Number: 349463 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349463 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349463/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_2_1186.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349463 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Number: 349464 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349464 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349464/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_2_1187.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Montagne, Roger Title: La notion d'exploitation agricole et son évolution Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Number: 349465 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349465 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349465/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_3_1267.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Augé-Laribé Title: Essai de définition des termes usuels de l'économie rurale [article] Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Number: 349466 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349466 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349466/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_3_1268.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Estrangin, Louis Title: Bilan d'une économie montagnarde dans les Préalpes de Grasse [article] Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Number: 349467 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349467 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349467/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_3_1269.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serve, R.P. Title: La mécanisation de la ferme familiale aux Etats-Unis. Conclusions qu'on en peut tirer pour la France Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Number: 349468 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349468 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349468/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_3_1270.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349468 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis R. Title: Essai d'étude théorique des relations entre la production végétale et la production animale Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Number: 349469 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349469 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349469/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_3_1271.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349469 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ratineau, Jacques Title: Les rapports entre la production végétale et animale Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Number: 349470 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349470 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349470/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_3_1272.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Informations — Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Number: 349471 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349471 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349471/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_3_1273.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Assemblée générale Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Number: 349472 Year: 1950 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349472 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349472/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1950_num_2_3_1274.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède Author-Name: Houillier Author-Name: Maisonneuve Author-Name: Vittecoq Author-Name: Picard, F. Author-Name: Guyon Author-Name: Toublan Author-Name: Tugault Author-Name: Moreau Author-Name: De Beaulieu Author-Name: Thionet Author-Name: Lévy-Bruhl Author-Name: Paquet Author-Name: Maffert Author-Name: Carrel Author-Name: Jacquemet Author-Name: Morvan Author-Name: Gay Author-Name: Morel Author-Name: Gignoux Author-Name: Crosset-Perrotin Author-Name: Benet Author-Name: Caron Author-Name: Chevalier Author-Name: Dusautois Author-Name: Meunier Author-Name: Duranton Title: Introduction Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Number: 349473 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349473 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349473/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_1_1188.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède Author-Name: Houillier Author-Name: Maisonneuve Author-Name: Vittecoq Author-Name: Picard, F. Author-Name: Guyon Author-Name: Toublan Author-Name: Tugault Author-Name: Moreau Author-Name: De Beaulieu Author-Name: Thionet Author-Name: Lévy-Bruhl Author-Name: Paquet Author-Name: Maffert Author-Name: Carrel Author-Name: Jacquemet Author-Name: Morvan Author-Name: Gay Author-Name: Morel Author-Name: Gignoux Author-Name: Crosset-Perrotin Author-Name: Benet Author-Name: Caron Author-Name: Chevalier Author-Name: Dusautois Author-Name: Meunier Author-Name: Duranton Title: La méthode de l'enquête Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Number: 349474 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349474 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349474/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_1_1779.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède Author-Name: Houillier Author-Name: Maisonneuve Author-Name: Vittecoq Author-Name: Picard, F. Author-Name: Guyon Author-Name: Toublan Author-Name: Tugault Author-Name: Moreau Author-Name: De Beaulieu Author-Name: Thionet Author-Name: Lévy-Bruhl Author-Name: Paquet Author-Name: Maffert Author-Name: Carrel Author-Name: Jacquemet Author-Name: Morvan Author-Name: Gay Author-Name: Morel Author-Name: Gignoux Author-Name: Crosset-Perrotin Author-Name: Benet Author-Name: Caron Author-Name: Chevalier Author-Name: Dusautois Author-Name: Meunier Author-Name: Duranton Title: l'utilisation des tracteurs dans les exploitations Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Number: 349475 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349475 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349475/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_1_1780.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède Author-Name: Houillier Author-Name: Maisonneuve Author-Name: Vittecoq Author-Name: Picard, F. Author-Name: Guyon Author-Name: Toublan Author-Name: Tugault Author-Name: Moreau Author-Name: De Beaulieu Author-Name: Thionet Author-Name: Lévy-Bruhl Author-Name: Paquet Author-Name: Maffert Author-Name: Carrel Author-Name: Jacquemet Author-Name: Morvan Author-Name: Gay Author-Name: Morel Author-Name: Gignoux Author-Name: Crosset-Perrotin Author-Name: Benet Author-Name: Caron Author-Name: Chevalier Author-Name: Dusautois Author-Name: Meunier Author-Name: Duranton Title: Les conséquences de la motorisation Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Number: 349476 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349476 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349476/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_1_1781.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède Author-Name: Houillier Author-Name: Maisonneuve Author-Name: Vittecoq Author-Name: Picard, F. Author-Name: Guyon Author-Name: Toublan Author-Name: Tugault Author-Name: Moreau Author-Name: De Beaulieu Author-Name: Thionet Author-Name: Lévy-Bruhl Author-Name: Paquet Author-Name: Maffert Author-Name: Carrel Author-Name: Jacquemet Author-Name: Morvan Author-Name: Gay Author-Name: Morel Author-Name: Gignoux Author-Name: Crosset-Perrotin Author-Name: Benet Author-Name: Caron Author-Name: Chevalier Author-Name: Dusautois Author-Name: Meunier Author-Name: Duranton Title: Essai de calcul de la rentabilité des tracteurs Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Number: 349477 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349477 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349477/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_1_1784.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède Author-Name: Houillier Author-Name: Maisonneuve Author-Name: Vittecoq Author-Name: Picard, F. Author-Name: Guyon Author-Name: Toublan Author-Name: Tugault Author-Name: Moreau Author-Name: De Beaulieu Author-Name: Thionet Author-Name: Lévy-Bruhl Author-Name: Paquet Author-Name: Maffert Author-Name: Carrel Author-Name: Jacquemet Author-Name: Morvan Author-Name: Gay Author-Name: Morel Author-Name: Gignoux Author-Name: Crosset-Perrotin Author-Name: Benet Author-Name: Caron Author-Name: Chevalier Author-Name: Dusautois Author-Name: Meunier Author-Name: Duranton Title: Résumé et conclusion Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Number: 349478 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349478 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349478/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_1_1782.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède Author-Name: Houillier Author-Name: Maisonneuve Author-Name: Vittecoq Author-Name: Picard, F. Author-Name: Guyon Author-Name: Toublan Author-Name: Tugault Author-Name: Moreau Author-Name: De Beaulieu Author-Name: Thionet Author-Name: Lévy-Bruhl Author-Name: Paquet Author-Name: Maffert Author-Name: Carrel Author-Name: Jacquemet Author-Name: Morvan Author-Name: Gay Author-Name: Morel Author-Name: Gignoux Author-Name: Crosset-Perrotin Author-Name: Benet Author-Name: Caron Author-Name: Chevalier Author-Name: Dusautois Author-Name: Meunier Author-Name: Duranton Title: Annexe I Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Number: 349479 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349479 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349479/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_1_1783.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cramois, André Title: Les problèmes techniques de la trésorerie des exploitations agricoles Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Number: 349480 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349480 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349480/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_2_1246.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349480 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolland, L. Title: Le partage d'activité entre l'agriculture et l'industrie dans les familles paysannes de la montagne des Vosges Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Number: 349481 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349481 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349481/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_2_1785.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bustarret Title: La rentabilité de la recherche agronomique Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Number: 349482 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349482 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349482/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_2_1248.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, L. Title: Contribution à l'analyse de l'économie de la production de la pomme de terre primeur Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Production Economics Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Number: 349483 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349483 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349483/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_2_1249.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Augé-Laribé Title: Essai de définition des termes usuels de l'économie rurale Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Number: 349484 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349484 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349484/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_2_1250.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gautier, l'Abbé Title: La condition des cultivateurs dans les différentes régions agricoles des Côtes-du-Nord Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Number: 349485 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349485 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349485/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_2_1251.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rouleau Title: Les coopératives de production Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Number: 349486 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349486 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349486/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_2_1252.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Number: 349487 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349487 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349487/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_2_1253.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Introduction Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 3 Issue: 3 Number: 349488 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349488 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349488/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_3_1254.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Savary, Roger Title: Le développement des échanges agricoles entre pays européens et les projets d'organisation d'un marché agricole continental Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 3 Issue: 3 Number: 349489 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349489 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349489/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_3_1786.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349489 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hallé, Pierre Title: Les exportations agricoles Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 3 Issue: 3 Number: 349490 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349490 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349490/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_3_1787.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maestracci, Pierre Title: L'intégration de l'agriculture européenne Keywords: International Development Volume: 3 Issue: 3 Number: 349491 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349491 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349491/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_3_1257.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Note du gouvernement français sur l'organisation européenne des marchés agricoles [article] Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 3 Issue: 3 Number: 349492 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349492 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349492/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_3_1258.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349492 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 3 Issue: 3 Number: 349493 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349493 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349493/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_3_1260.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Introduction Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Number: 349494 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349494 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349494/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_4_1788.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Allocution prononcée par Monsieur Laurens, secrétaire d'Etat à l'agriculture, à l'occasion de la visite en France des économistes ruraux italiens Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Number: 349495 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349495 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349495/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_4_1261.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perini, Dario Title: L'organisation des recherches dans le domaine de l'économie rurale en Italie Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Number: 349496 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349496 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349496/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_4_1262.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Title: L'organisation des recherches d'économie rurale en France Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Number: 349497 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349497 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349497/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_4_1263.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rossi-Doria, Manlio Title: Bref aperçu sur la réforme agraire en Italie Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Number: 349498 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349498 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349498/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_4_1264.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roche Title: Les aspects essentiels du remembrement rural en France Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Number: 349499 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349499 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349499/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_4_1265.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Number: 349500 Year: 1951 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349500 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349500/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1951_num_3_4_1266.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milhau, M.J. Title: L'incidence des lois sociales agricoles sur le revenu de l'agriculture et le revenu national Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Number: 349501 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349501 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349501/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_1_1277.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michel, Conil-Lacoste Title: Le point de vue des agriculteurs au regard des lois sociales agricoles Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Number: 349502 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349502 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349502/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_1_1278.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maspétiol, Roland Title: Les aspects sociaux de la politique agricole Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Number: 349503 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349503 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349503/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_1_1279.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henri, Jacques Title: La rentabilité de l'insémination artificielle Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Number: 349504 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349504 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349504/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_1_1280.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: La classification des entreprises agricoles suivant leur importance économique [article] Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Number: 349505 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349505 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349505/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_2_1283.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferté, Jean Title: La productivité du travail agricole en France d'après les calculs de l'Office de comptabilite agricole de Soissons Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Number: 349506 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349506 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349506/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_2_1284.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Number: 349507 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349507 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349507/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_2_1285.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquery, M. Title: L'agriculture française et le plan de modernisation et d'équipement Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Number: 349508 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349508 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349508/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1286.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Romon, H. Title: Le point de vue d'un agriculteur sur le plan de modernisation et d'équipement Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Number: 349509 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349509 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349509/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1287.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arrighi de Casanova, J Title: Un exemple de mise en valeur régionale : développement économique de la Camargue depuis la libération Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Number: 349510 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349510 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349510/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1288.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baptist, M. G. Title: Les études de la petite exploitation paysanne en Belgique Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Number: 349511 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349511 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349511/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1289.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valarché, Jean Title: La mobilité de la main-d'œuvre rurale dans une société libre Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Number: 349512 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349512 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349512/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1290.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349512 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Cambiaire, M. A. Title: L'autoconsommation agricole en France Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Number: 349513 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349513 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349513/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1291.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kuhnholtz-Lordat, M. Title: Cartographie parcellaire et économie rurale Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Number: 349514 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349514 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349514/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1292.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349514 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Number: 349515 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349515 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349515/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1293.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.B. Title: Aspects économiques de l'utilisation en commun du matériel agricole Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 4 Issue: 4 Number: 349516 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349516 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349516/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_4_1294.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des matières des volumes I à IV (1949-1952) Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 4 Issue: 4 Number: 349517 Year: 1952 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349517 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349517/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_4_4420.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Editorial. 1949-1653 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 15 Number: 349518 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349518 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349518/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1295.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mennesson Title: Les premiers villages-témoins apres trois ans d'expérience Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 15 Number: 349519 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349519 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349519/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1296.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roche, L. Title: Les zones-témoins Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 15 Number: 349520 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349520 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349520/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1297.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boerendonk, M. J. Title: La réglementation des prix des fermages et des prix de vente des terres aux Pays-Bas Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 15 Number: 349521 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349521 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349521/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1298.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Title: Problèmes économiques et sociaux posés à l'occasion des réformes de la structure agraire Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 15 Number: 349522 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349522 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349522/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1299.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Noilhan, Henri Title: La productivité et la rentabilité Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 15 Number: 349523 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349523 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349523/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1300.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Augé-Laribé, Michel Title: Présentation de la bibliographie d'économie rurale Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 15 Number: 349524 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349524 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349524/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1301.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349524 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquery, M. Title: Compte rendu sommaire du voyage d'études en Italie Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 15 Number: 349525 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349525 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349525/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1302.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Title: Compte rendu de la conférence internationale des économistes ruraux d'East-Lansing Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 15 Number: 349526 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349526 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349526/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1303.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Assemblée générale du 12 décembre 1952 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 15 Number: 349527 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349527 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349527/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1304.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349527 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 15 Number: 349528 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349528 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349528/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_15_1_1305.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dessus, G. Title: Les origines de l'aménagement du territoire Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 16 Number: 349529 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349529 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349529/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_16_1_1306.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349529 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Préaud, Maxime Title: Vues actuelles sur l'aménagement du territoire Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 16 Number: 349530 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349530 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349530/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_16_1_1307.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dumont, René Title: Sur quelques possibilités agricoles de la moitié sud des Basses-Alpes [article] Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 16 Number: 349531 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349531 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349531/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_16_1_1308.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Keilling, J. Title: Le problème des excédents laitiers Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 16 Number: 349532 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349532 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349532/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_16_1_1309.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 16 Number: 349533 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349533 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349533/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_16_1_1310.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349533 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koeller, Harold Title: Les méthodes utilisées pour calculer les prix de parité des produits agricoles aux Etats-Unis Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 17 Number: 349534 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349534 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349534/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_17_1_1312.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, M. Title: Les indices permettant d'apprécier la situation de l'agriculture au sein de l'économie nationale Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 17 Number: 349535 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349535 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349535/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_17_1_1313.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349535 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lavanchy, J. A. Title: Le prix de revient du lait en Suisse Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Industrial Organization Volume: 17 Number: 349536 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349536 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349536/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_17_1_1314.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masset, M. E. Title: Les crédits bancaires à l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 17 Number: 349537 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349537 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349537/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_17_1_1315.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349537 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J. B. Title: L'orientation des travaux de la société Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 17 Number: 349538 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349538 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349538/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_17_1_1316.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 17 Number: 349539 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349539 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349539/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_17_1_1317.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, H. Title: Le revenu de quatre métairies de 1900 à 1952 Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 18 Number: 349540 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349540 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349540/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_18_1_1318.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Béraud, Daniel Title: Le diagnostic économique de la gestion des entreprises aux Etats-Unis. L'application des méthodes d'étude à la France Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 18 Number: 349541 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349541 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349541/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_18_1_1319.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349541 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis R. Title: Les données techniques nécessaires au calcul économique en agriculture Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 18 Number: 349542 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349542 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349542/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_18_1_1320.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosenfeld, M.F. Title: L'estimation des rendements des cultures par la méthode des coupes-échantillons Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 18 Number: 349543 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349543 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349543/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_18_1_1321.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349543 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Voisin, André Title: Production de fumier et productivité agricole Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 18 Number: 349544 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349544 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349544/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_18_1_1322.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349544 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 18 Number: 349545 Year: 1953 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349545 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349545/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1953_num_18_1_1323.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Introduction Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 19 Number: 349546 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349546 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349546/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1324.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349546 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Le minimum d'observations à recueillir pour l'étude d'une région Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 19 Number: 349547 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349547 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349547/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1326.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Title: Les conditions humaines de la région Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 19 Number: 349548 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349548 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349548/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1327.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bordas, Jean Title: Comment étudier le milieu cultural Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 19 Number: 349549 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349549 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349549/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1328.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349549 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dudman, R. A. Title: L'analyse du facteur de production travail Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 19 Number: 349550 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349550 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349550/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1329.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vanzetti, Carlo Title: Bâtiments et améliorations foncières Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 19 Number: 349551 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349551 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349551/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1330.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349551 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rauscher, Maurice Author-Name: Carillon, R. Title: Moyens de traction et machines Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 19 Number: 349552 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349552 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349552/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1331.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquery, M. Title: Autres éléments du capital d'exploitation Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 19 Number: 349553 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349553 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349553/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1332.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Howald, O. Title: L'orientation de la production agricole, compte tenu des impératifs du milieu et de la structure agricole Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 19 Number: 349554 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349554 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349554/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1333.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349554 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis R. Title: L'orientation de la production en fonction des débouchés et l'amélioration de la commercialisation Keywords: Marketing Volume: 19 Number: 349555 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349555 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349555/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1334.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Asdonk, Th. Title: Établissement et utilisation d'une fiche résumée d'entreprise Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 19 Number: 349556 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349556 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349556/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1335.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349556 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dumont, René Title: L'établissement des priorités dans les investissements Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 19 Number: 349557 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349557 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349557/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1808.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: van Stuijvenberg, M. Title: La mise au point du projet de financement Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 19 Number: 349558 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349558 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349558/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1809.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: van Riemsdijk, J. F. Title: L'organisation de la coopération des économistes ruraux et des techniciens, en liaison avec les organisations professionnelles, pour la mise en valeur des régions agricoles Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Agricultural Finance Volume: 19 Number: 349559 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349559 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349559/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1810.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349559 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Conclusions du cycle d'études sur l'analyse et la réorientation de l'économie agricole d'une petite région Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 19 Number: 349560 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349560 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349560/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_19_1_1340.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349560 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, H. Title: L'agriculteur est-il préparé à vendre ses produits ? Keywords: Farm Management, Agricultural Finance Volume: 20 Number: 349561 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349561 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349561/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_20_1_1341.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fanier, Sylvain Title: La coopérative des éleveurs de l'Ile-de-France Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Agribusiness Volume: 20 Number: 349562 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349562 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349562/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_20_1_1342.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349562 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carrié, M. Title: L'Étude statistique du coût de distribution des produits agricoles Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 20 Number: 349563 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349563 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349563/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_20_1_1343.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349563 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: La commercialisation des laits de collecte dans la région toulousaine Keywords: Marketing Volume: 20 Number: 349564 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349564 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349564/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_20_1_1344.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349564 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chevalier, M.Y. Title: Essais de reboisement collectif en Haute-Marne Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 20 Number: 349565 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349565 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349565/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_20_1_1345.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349565 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamann, Heinz Title: L'augmentation de la productivité de l'agriculture européenne Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 20 Number: 349566 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349566 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349566/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_20_1_1346.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349566 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 20 Number: 349567 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349567 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349567/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_20_1_1347.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Michel Augé-Laribé (1876-1954) Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 21 Number: 349568 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349568 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349568/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_21_1_1348.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Normand, Michèle Title: Aspects économiques de la normalisation des produits agricoles Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 21 Number: 349569 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349569 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349569/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_21_1_1349.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lefort, Benjamin Title: Exigences du consommateur allemand en matière de produits agricoles [article] Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 21 Number: 349570 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349570 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349570/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_21_1_1350.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maget, Marcel Title: Les recherches d'ethnographie en milieu rural Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 21 Number: 349571 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349571 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349571/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_21_1_1351.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carillon, R. Title: Tour d'horizon à propos de rentabilité en matière de machinisme agricole Keywords: Farm Management, Production Economics Volume: 21 Number: 349572 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349572 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349572/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_21_1_1352.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Informations - Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 21 Number: 349573 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349573 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349573/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_21_1_1353.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349573 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferté, Jean Title: Le choix de la campagne pour la période de l'exercice comptable dans l'agriculture doit-il être préféré à celui de l'année civile ? Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 22 Number: 349574 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349574 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349574/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_22_1_1354.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349574 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau, Raymond Author-Name: Vinchon, E. Title: La date de la campagne Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 22 Number: 349575 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349575 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349575/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_22_1_1355.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mouton, Christian Title: Avant-projet de mise en valeur des Hautes-Côtes de Beaune Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 22 Number: 349576 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349576 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349576/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_22_1_1356.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.B. Title: Le fonctionnement des zones-témoins Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 22 Number: 349577 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349577 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349577/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_22_1_1357.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 22 Number: 349578 Year: 1954 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349578 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349578/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1954_num_22_1_1358.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349578 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbier, Geneviève Title: Essai de définition de la fertilité de la terre Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 23 Number: 349579 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349579 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349579/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_23_1_1359.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349579 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard, Hervé Title: Est-il possible d'établir des normes pour la fertilisation des sols ? Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 23 Number: 349580 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349580 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349580/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_23_1_1360.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Riedel, C. Title: Classification des sols et fertilité des terres Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 23 Number: 349581 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349581 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349581/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_23_1_1361.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349581 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Latil, Marc Title: Revenu des propriétaires, croissance économique et lutte entre groupes sociaux Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 23 Number: 349582 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349582 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349582/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_23_1_1362.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolland, M. L. Title: Le problème de la rente différentielle du sol Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 23 Number: 349583 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349583 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349583/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_23_1_1363.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dumant, M. Title: Les informations fournies par les services agricoles sur la valeur des terres en France Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 23 Number: 349584 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349584 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349584/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_23_1_1364.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349584 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larchevêque, M. Title: Le revenu cadastral et les charges de l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 23 Number: 349585 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349585 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349585/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_23_1_1365.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin, François Title: L'évolution du marché de la terre en France depuis la libération Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 23 Number: 349586 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349586 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349586/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_23_1_1366.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349586 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lefebvre, André Title: Collecte et centralisation des informations sur les prix des terres Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 24 Number: 349587 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349587 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349587/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_24_1_1367.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349587 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau, Raymond Title: Le capital foncier et la rentabilité des entreprises Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 24 Number: 349588 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349588 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349588/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_24_1_1368.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau, Raymond Title: Rapport moral et rapport financier sur l'activité de la société française d'économie rurale [autre] Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 24 Number: 349589 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349589 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349589/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_24_1_1369.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barry, Jean-Paul Title: Un nouveau compoix à Clausades, celui de Langlade (Vaunage-Gard) Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 24 Number: 349590 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349590 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349590/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_24_1_1370.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, H. Title: Les assurances de l'exploitant agricole Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty Volume: 24 Number: 349591 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349591 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349591/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_24_1_1371.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.-B. Title: Rapport moral et rapport financier sur l'activité de la société française d'économie rurale [autre] Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 24 Number: 349592 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349592 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349592/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_24_1_1372.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349592 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 24 Number: 349593 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349593 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349593/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_24_1_1373.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Badouin, Robert Title: Les facteurs qui déterminent la conjoncture agricole Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 25 Number: 349594 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349594 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349594/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_25_1_1124.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reneteau, Jack Title: Les besoins de l'agriculture en matière d'information économique agricole Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 25 Number: 349595 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349595 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349595/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_25_1_1125.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349595 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lotte, M. Title: Le service des nouvelles du marché des fruits et légumes Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 25 Number: 349596 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349596 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349596/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_25_1_1126.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349596 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herrmann, Omer W. Title: Les études sur la situation et les perspectives économiques agricoles aux États-Unis Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 25 Number: 349597 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349597 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349597/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_25_1_1127.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lengellé, Maurice Title: Méthodes de prévision à long terme de la consommation alimentaire Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 25 Number: 349598 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349598 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349598/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_25_1_1128.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goreux, Louis Title: Exposé théorique des méthodes d'étude des tendances de la consommation alimentaire Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 25 Number: 349599 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349599 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349599/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_25_1_1129.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349599 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allix, Jacques Title: Les possibilités de mettre sur pied un système d'informations agricoles en France Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 25 Number: 349600 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349600 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349600/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_25_1_1130.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349600 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sauvy, Alfred Title: Vue générale et mise au point sur l'économie et la population françaises Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 25 Number: 349601 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349601 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349601/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_25_1_1131.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.-B. Author-Name: Poitevin, M. Title: Étude économique de sept communes de la Haute-Marne Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 26 Number: 349602 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349602 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349602/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_26_1_1375.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349602 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jullian, M. P. Title: La zone-témoin du Lauraguais Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 26 Number: 349603 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349603 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349603/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_26_1_1376.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349603 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau, Raymond Title: Le conseil de gestion Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 26 Number: 349604 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349604 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349604/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_26_1_1377.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349604 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 26 Number: 349605 Year: 1955 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349605 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349605/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1955_num_26_1_1378.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Avant-propos Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 27 Number: 349606 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349606 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349606/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1379.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Keilling, J. Title: Exposé introductif Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 27 Number: 349607 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349607 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349607/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1380.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henri, Jacques Title: Méthodes d'analyse des conditions économiques de la production laitière Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349608 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349608 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349608/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1382.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349608 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: van Riemsdijk, J. F. Title: Le calcul du coût de production du lait Keywords: Production Economics, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349609 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349609 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349609/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1383.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delcure, J. Title: L'abaissement du coût de production du lait et l'alimentation du bétail Keywords: Production Economics, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349610 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349610 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349610/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1384.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delage, Jacques Title: Choix du bétail laitier et coût de production Keywords: Production Economics, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349611 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349611 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349611/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1385.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Preuschen, G. Title: Les moyens d'abaisser le coût de production du lait — Bâtiments et travail Keywords: Production Economics, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349612 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349612 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349612/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1386.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349612 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baptist, M. G. Title: Les moyens d'abaisser le coût de production du lait dans les petites exploitations familiales Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349613 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349613 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349613/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1387.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349613 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Massy, M. H. Title: Le rôle de la coopération dans la production laitière Keywords: Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349614 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349614 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349614/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1388.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eck, M. A. Title: Dimensions optimum des entreprises laitières Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349615 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349615 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349615/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1390.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349615 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lilliehöök, M. Lennart Title: La rationalisation dans l'industrie laitière suédoise Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349616 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349616 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349616/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1391.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veisseyre, Roger Title: La consommation actuelle du lait et des produits laitiers en France Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 27 Number: 349617 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349617 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349617/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1393.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lengellé, Maurice Title: Les perspectives d'avenir de la consommation du lait et des produits laitiers en France Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 27 Number: 349618 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349618 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349618/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1394.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349618 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Doublet, Jacques Title: La sécurité sociale et la consommation du lait et des produits laitiers Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Public Economics Volume: 27 Number: 349619 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349619 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349619/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1395.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349619 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Les bases théoriques de l'organisation du marché du lait Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 27 Number: 349620 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349620 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349620/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1396.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349620 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mills, F. D. Title: Le « milk marketing board » pour l'Angleterre et le Pays de Galles Keywords: Marketing, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349621 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349621 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349621/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1397.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: van Riemsdijk, J. F. Title: Les principes économiques de l'exportation des produits-laitiers aux Pays-Bas Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349622 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349622 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349622/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1398.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349622 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Estrangin, Louis Title: Les problèmes de l'interprofession laitière à l'échelon local — L'expérience du centre interprofessionnel de Nice Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 27 Number: 349623 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349623 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349623/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1399.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Conclusions du cycle d'étude sur les problèmes de l'économie laitière Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 27 Number: 349624 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349624 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349624/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_27_1_1400.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: La localisation des productions agricoles Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 28 Number: 349625 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349625 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349625/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_28_1_1401.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349625 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pompon, L. Title: Crédit Agricole et zones sous-développées Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 28 Number: 349626 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349626 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349626/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_28_1_1402.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349626 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Govin, Louis Title: La politique de l'habitat rural en France depuis la libération Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 28 Number: 349627 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349627 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349627/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_28_1_1403.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349627 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: L'intervention de l'Etat marocain dans le financement de l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 28 Number: 349628 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349628 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349628/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_28_1_1828.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 28 Number: 349629 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349629 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349629/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_28_1_1405.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Délimitation et importance des régions agricoles insuffisamment développées Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 29 Number: 349630 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349630 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349630/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_29_1_1407.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349630 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mendras, Henri Title: Structures écologiques et sociales des régions considérées Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 29 Number: 349631 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349631 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349631/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_29_1_1408.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349631 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.-B. Title: La vulgarisation agricole dans les zones déprimées Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 29 Number: 349632 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349632 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349632/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_29_1_1409.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349632 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Legendre, Pierre Title: Aperçus sur les incidences économiques et sociales des migrations rurales Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 29 Number: 349633 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349633 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349633/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_29_1_1410.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Merveilleux du Vignaux, M. Title: La place du reboisement dans la mise en valeur des régions françaises insuffisamment développées - Aspects économiques et sociaux Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 29 Number: 349634 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349634 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349634/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_29_1_1411.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349634 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Palanchon., M. W. Title: Les activités non agricoles dans la mise en valeur des régions insuffisamment développées - Un exemple : le Morvan Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 29 Number: 349635 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349635 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349635/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_29_1_1412.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349635 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Discussion générale Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 29 Number: 349636 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349636 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349636/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_29_1_1413.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349636 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Une région sous-développée: les prépyrénées Ariégeoises Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 30 Number: 349637 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349637 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349637/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_30_1_1414.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349637 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valarché, Jean Title: Où en est la réforme agraire italienne ? Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 30 Number: 349638 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349638 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349638/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_30_1_1415.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349638 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pompon, L. Title: Le crédit individuel et collectif et les investissements nécessaires dans les zones sous-développées Keywords: Financial Economics, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 30 Number: 349639 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349639 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349639/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_30_1_1416.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349639 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 30 Number: 349640 Year: 1956 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349640 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349640/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1956_num_30_1_1417.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mosse, Robert Title: Les critères pour la répartition des investissements entre les divers secteurs dans les économies de type occidental Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 31 Number: 349641 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349641 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349641/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_31_1_1419.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Title: Critères pour la répartition des investissements agricoles entre les investissements individuels et collectifs, productifs et de bien-être Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 31 Number: 349642 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349642 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349642/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_31_1_1420.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dumont, René Title: Recherche du meilleur ordre de priorité des investissements agricoles Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 31 Number: 349643 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349643 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349643/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_31_1_1421.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349643 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gontan, Maurice Title: La répartition par catégories des investissements dans l'agriculture française au cours des plans de modernisation et d'équipement Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 31 Number: 349644 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349644 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349644/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_31_1_1422.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349644 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bouyries, Louis Title: La répartition d'après les modes de financement des investissements réalisés dans l'agriculture française au cours des plans de modernisation et d'équipement Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 31 Number: 349645 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349645 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349645/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_31_1_1423.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steding Title: Les investissements dans l'agriculture allemande Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 31 Number: 349646 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349646 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349646/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_31_1_1424.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349646 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Peut-on dégager des règles d'investissement en vue de guider l'action (conclusions de la session) Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 31 Number: 349647 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349647 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349647/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_31_1_1425.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349647 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marrama, M. V. Title: Problèmes théoriques de l'évaluation économique des plans et projets de développement régional Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Financial Economics Volume: 32 Number: 349648 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349648 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349648/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_32_1_1599.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349648 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Groussard, René Author-Name: Hérault, R. Title: Le Pays-Bas Charentais. Son économie agricole Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 32 Number: 349649 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349649 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349649/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_32_1_1600.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.-B. Title: Rapport moral sur l'activité de la Societé française d'économie rurale en 1956 Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 32 Number: 349650 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349650 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349650/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_32_1_1601.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349650 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 32 Number: 349651 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349651 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349651/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_32_1_1602.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rouy, Henri Title: Aspects qualitatifs des divers débouchés à la production de viande de bovins Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 33 Number: 349652 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349652 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349652/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_33_1_1603.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coléou, Julien Title: Augmentation de la production de viande et technicité Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis Volume: 33 Number: 349653 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349653 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349653/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_33_1_1604.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Accroissement de la production de viande de bovins et emploi agricole Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 33 Number: 349654 Year: 1957 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349654 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349654/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1957_num_33_1_1605.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pressat, Roland Title: Structure démographique et avenir de la population active agricole Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 37 Number: 349708 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349708 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349708/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_37_1_1624.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349708 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bord, André Title: La population agricole active dans la presqu'île Guérandaise (Loire-Atlantique) Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 37 Number: 349709 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349709 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349709/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_37_1_1625.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349709 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolland, Léon Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Évolution des effectifs et des caractéristiques de la main-d'œuvre salariée permanente dans les exploitations de grande culture en Seine-et-Marne Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 37 Number: 349710 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349710 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349710/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_37_1_1626.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349710 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Legendre, Pierre Title: Peut-on prévoir certaines incidences, sur la population agricole, de la liberté de circulation, d'emploi et d'établissement des personnes, instituée par le traité de marché commun ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 37 Number: 349711 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349711 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349711/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_37_1_1627.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349711 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leroy, Louis Title: L'évolution du nombre des familles bénéficiaires des prestations familiales agricoles [article] Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 37 Number: 349712 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349712 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349712/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_37_1_1628.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349712 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Estrangin, Louis Title: La population agricole française. Recherches pour la connaître mieux et prévoir son avenir - attitudes à prendre en fonction de son évolution Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 37 Number: 349713 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349713 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349713/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_37_1_1629.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349713 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: Introduction aux études du travail en agriculture Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 38 Number: 349714 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349714 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349714/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_38_1_1630.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349714 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Poitevin, Jean Title: Note sur la classification des modes d'utilisation du sol dans les exploitations agricoles Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 38 Number: 349715 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349715 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349715/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_38_1_1631.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349715 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Remery, Roger Title: Remarques sur les concepts et la mesure de la productivité Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 38 Number: 349716 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349716 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349716/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_38_1_1632.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349716 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Le système du « paysanat » au Maroc Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 38 Number: 349717 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349717 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349717/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_38_1_1633.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349717 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pissot, Paul Title: La réforme agraire en Egypte Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 38 Number: 349718 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349718 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349718/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_38_1_1634.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349718 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 38 Number: 349719 Year: 1958 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349719 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349719/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1958_num_38_1_1635.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349719 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Avant-propos Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 39-40 Number: 349720 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349720 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349720/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1636.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349720 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grimanelli, P. Title: L'agriculture et l'économie nationale Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 39-40 Number: 349721 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349721 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349721/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1638.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349721 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Estrangin, Louis Title: La population agricole française 1938-1958 Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 39-40 Number: 349722 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349722 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349722/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1640.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349722 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin, François Title: Le capital foncier (terres et bâtiments) et l'évolution de l'économie agricole Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 39-40 Number: 349723 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349723 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349723/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1641.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349723 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau, Raymond Title: Le capital d'exploitation Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 39-40 Number: 349724 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349724 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349724/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1642.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349724 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carillon, R. Title: Le progrès mécanique en agriculture, de 1938 à 1958 Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 39-40 Number: 349725 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349725 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349725/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1643.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349725 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hénin, Stéphane Title: Le progrès d'origine chimique et biologique en agriculture pendant ces vingt dernières années Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 39-40 Number: 349726 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349726 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349726/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1644.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349726 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Poitevin, Jean Title: Les progrès en matière de gestion et d'organisation des entreprises agricoles Keywords: Agribusiness, Farm Management Volume: 39-40 Number: 349727 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349727 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349727/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1645.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349727 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: L'exploitation agricole Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 39-40 Number: 349728 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349728 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349728/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1646.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349728 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mouton, Christian Title: L'évolution des productions en quantité Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 39-40 Number: 349729 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349729 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349729/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1648.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349729 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brown, Gabriel Title: Les problèmes de la qualité des produits agricoles Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 39-40 Number: 349730 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349730 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349730/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1649.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349730 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, H. Title: La commercialisation des produits agricoles Keywords: Marketing Volume: 39-40 Number: 349731 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349731 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349731/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1650.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349731 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rottier, Georges Author-Name: Albert, Jean Title: Les consommations alimentaires et la production agricole de 1938 à 1958 Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Productivity Analysis Volume: 39-40 Number: 349732 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349732 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349732/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1651.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349732 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milhau., M. J. Title: L'évolution des échanges extérieurs Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 39-40 Number: 349733 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349733 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349733/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1652.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349733 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Title: L'évolution de la productivité Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 39-40 Number: 349734 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349734 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349734/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1654.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349734 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: L'évolution du revenu agricole Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 39-40 Number: 349735 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349735 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349735/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1655.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349735 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mendras, Henri Title: L'évolution sociale Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 39-40 Number: 349736 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349736 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349736/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1656.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349736 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Les disparités régionales Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 39-40 Number: 349737 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349737 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349737/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1657.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349737 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Breton, Pierre Title: Le financement de l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 39-40 Number: 349738 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349738 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349738/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1659.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349738 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bustarret, J. Title: La recherche agronomique Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 39-40 Number: 349739 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349739 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349739/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1660.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349739 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Châtelain, R. Title: L'enseignement Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 39-40 Number: 349740 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349740 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349740/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1661.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349740 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Canonge, H. Title: La vulgarisation Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 39-40 Number: 349741 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349741 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349741/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1662.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349741 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maspétiol, Roland Title: Les aménagements du cadre juridique Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 39-40 Number: 349742 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349742 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349742/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1663.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larchevêque, R. Title: L'évolution de l'organisation professionnelle de l'agriculture Keywords: Agribusiness, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 39-40 Number: 349743 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349743 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349743/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1664.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349743 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Forestier, R. Title: Les prix et l'organisation des marchés Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 39-40 Number: 349744 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349744 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349744/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1665.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349744 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Note complémentaire. Les prix agricoles et les mesures d'assainissement économique et financier (décembre 1958 - janvier 1959) Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 39-40 Number: 349745 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349745 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349745/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_4423.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349745 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: La politique agricole de 1946 à 1958. La recherche d'une politique agricole Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 39-40 Number: 349746 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349746 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349746/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1666.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349746 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nové-Josserand, Florent Title: Perspectives de l'économie agricole française Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 39-40 Number: 349747 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349747 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349747/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1668.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349747 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Les études d'économie rurale Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 39-40 Number: 349748 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349748 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349748/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_39_1_1669.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prou, Charles Title: Réflexions rapides sur l'élaboration des plans en économie sous-développée Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Agricultural Finance Volume: 41 Number: 349749 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349749 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349749/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_41_1_1670.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349749 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Réflexions sur la planification de l'agriculture Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 41 Number: 349750 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349750 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349750/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_41_1_1671.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349750 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Title: Agriculture et population dans les pays sous-développés Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 41 Number: 349751 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349751 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349751/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_41_1_1672.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349751 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dumont, René Title: Le mouvement du « développement communautaire » en Inde Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 41 Number: 349752 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349752 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349752/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_41_1_1673.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349752 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Quelques aspects des problèmes du développement agricole au Bengale de l'ouest Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 41 Number: 349753 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349753 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349753/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_41_1_1674.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349753 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, H. Title: L'amélioration du fonctionnement des marchés agricoles Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 41 Number: 349754 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349754 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349754/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_41_1_1675.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349754 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mendras, Henri Title: Problèmes sociologiques du progrès agricole en Grèce [article] Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 41 Number: 349755 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349755 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349755/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_41_1_1676.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349755 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Trois types agricoles du Maroc et leurs problèmes communs Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 41 Number: 349756 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349756 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349756/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_41_1_1677.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349756 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Conclusions de la session Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 41 Number: 349757 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349757 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349757/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_41_1_1678.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349757 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neuvy, A. Title: Conjoncture du prix porc Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 42 Number: 349758 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349758 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349758/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_42_1_1679.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349758 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: La technique des programmes linéaires peut-elle être appliquée à la gestion des exploitations agricoles ? Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 42 Number: 349759 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349759 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349759/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_42_1_1680.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349759 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourguignon, Jean-Paul Title: Bibliographie sommaire de l'étude économique du travail en agriculture Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 42 Number: 349760 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349760 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349760/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_42_1_1681.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349760 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lechi, Francesco Title: L'économie rurale en Italie. Bibliographie commentée Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 42 Number: 349761 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349761 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349761/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_42_1_1682.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349761 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 42 Number: 349762 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349762 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349762/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_42_1_1683.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349762 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Compte rendu de l'Assemblée générale du 8 février 1959 (exercice 1958) Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 42 Number: 349763 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349763 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349763/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_42_1_1684.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349763 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Compte rendu de l'Assemblée générale du 17 décembre 1959 (exercice 1959) Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 42 Number: 349764 Year: 1959 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349764 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349764/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1959_num_42_1_1685.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349764 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henri, Jacques Title: Les références nécessaires en économie rurale. Introduction Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 43 Number: 349765 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349765 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349765/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_43_1_1687.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349765 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lachaud, Jean-Pierre Title: Les références concernant les rendements physiques des cultures destinées à la vente Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 43 Number: 349766 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349766 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349766/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_43_1_1688.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349766 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delcure, J. Title: Les références concernant les rendements des productions fourragères Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 43 Number: 349767 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349767 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349767/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_43_1_1689.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349767 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coléou, Julien Title: les références concernant le rationnement des animaux. Le bilan fourrager Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 43 Number: 349768 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349768 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349768/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_43_1_1690.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349768 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: L'évaluation des besoins en travail sur une exploitation agricole Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 43 Number: 349769 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349769 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349769/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_43_1_1691.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349769 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carillon, R. Title: Quelques références techniques et économiques concernant le matériel agricole Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 43 Number: 349770 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349770 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349770/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_43_1_1692.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349770 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbier, Charles Author-Name: Liénard, Georges Author-Name: Riollet, J. Title: Quels prix adopter pour les calculs économiques ? Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 43 Number: 349771 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349771 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349771/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_43_1_1693.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349771 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Tour d'horizon sur les problèmes de commercialisation des produits agricoles Keywords: Marketing Volume: 44 Number: 349772 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349772 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349772/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1694.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349772 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hanau, Arthur Title: Développement et état des recherches sur les marchés agricoles dans la République Fédérale d'Allemagne Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 44 Number: 349773 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349773 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349773/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1695.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349773 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, H. Title: Méthodes de recherches, dans le domaine du « marketing » agricole aux Etats-Unis Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Marketing Volume: 44 Number: 349774 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349774 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349774/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1696.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349774 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Woehlken, Egon Title: La prévision des variations à court et à moyen terme de l'offre, de la demande et des prix des produits agricoles Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 44 Number: 349775 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349775 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349775/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1697.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349775 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brown, Gabriel Title: Prix des produits agricoles à la production - Collecte et utilisation des données Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 44 Number: 349776 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349776 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349776/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1698.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349776 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Bihan, Joseph Title: L'intégration verticale : le point de vue des producteurs agricoles Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 44 Number: 349777 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349777 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349777/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1699.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349777 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guichard, Paul Title: L'intégration verticale: point de vue du distributeur intégré Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 44 Number: 349778 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349778 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349778/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1700.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349778 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Montagne, Roger Title: La coopération dans le domaine de la commercialisation des produits agricoles Keywords: Marketing Volume: 44 Number: 349779 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349779 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349779/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1701.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gaetani d'Aragona, Gabriele Title: Comment la modification des structures de production, des marchés et des procédés commerciaux a permis à l'Italie d'occuper une place prépondérante dans le commerce européen des fruits et légumes Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 44 Number: 349780 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349780 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349780/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1702.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349780 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wintrebert, J. Title: Un exemple de promotion des ventes d'un produit agricole: le sucre Keywords: Marketing Volume: 44 Number: 349781 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349781 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349781/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1703.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349781 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Browne, Raoul Title: Ce que l'agriculteur attend des études de commercialisation Keywords: Marketing Volume: 44 Number: 349782 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349782 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349782/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_44_1_1704.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349782 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pissot, Paul Title: La productivité de l'agriculture turque Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 45 Number: 349783 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349783 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349783/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_45_1_1705.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349783 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Papoz, J.-C. Title: Enquête-pilote sur l'adoption de la culture du maïs hybride dans les Cantons de Nay (Basses-Pyrénées). Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 45 Number: 349784 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349784 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349784/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_45_1_1706.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349784 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Champel, Français Title: Un problème de rentabilisation des spéculations animales en montagne : évaluation du coût comparé du renouvellement du troupeau laitier par achat à l'extérieur ou par élevage des jeunes animaux dans le canton de Thones Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 45 Number: 349785 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349785 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349785/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_45_1_1707.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349785 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 45 Number: 349786 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349786 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349786/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_45_1_1708.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349786 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tirel, Jean-Claude Title: Examen de conscience d'un conseiller de gestion. Evolution d'un groupe d'exploitations familiales de la Plaine de Versailles de 1955 à 1960 Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 46 Number: 349787 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349787 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349787/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_46_1_1709.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349787 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valarché, Jean Title: La reconversion agricole du Languedoc Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 46 Number: 349788 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349788 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349788/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_46_1_1710.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349788 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubos, Jean Title: Une méthode expérimentale de détermination du « prix critique » de la pomme dans la plaine littorale Languedocienne Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 46 Number: 349789 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349789 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349789/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_46_1_1711.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349789 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 46 Number: 349790 Year: 1960 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349790 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349790/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_46_1_1712.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349790 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Compte rendu de l'Assemblée générale du 10 janvier 1961 (exercice 1960) Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 46 Number: 349791 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349791 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349791/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_46_1_1713.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349791 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des matières 1960 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 46 Number: 349792 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349792 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349792/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1960_num_46_1_1714.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349792 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Préoccupations sociologiques d'un économiste rural Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 47 Number: 349793 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349793 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349793/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_47_1_1715.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349793 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillard, Joanny Title: A propos de l'enquête rurale en milieu africain. Méthodes et techniques utilisées pour l'étude d'un village du Nord Cameroun Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 47 Number: 349794 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349794 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349794/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_47_1_1716.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349794 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lutier, Jean Title: L'exode rural vu par le psycho-sociologue Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 47 Number: 349795 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349795 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349795/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_47_1_1717.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349795 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Levesque, André Title: Essai d'application de l'analyse hiérarchique à l'étude du monde agricole Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 47 Number: 349796 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349796 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349796/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_47_1_1718.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349796 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Claude Title: Premiers résultats d'une enquête-pilote sur l'accession au métier d'agriculteur Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 47 Number: 349797 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349797 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349797/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_47_1_1719.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349797 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valarché, Jean Title: L'évolution de la structure sociale dans les campagnes suisses Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 47 Number: 349798 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349798 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349798/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_47_1_1720.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349798 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubost, Jean Title: Remarques sur l'étude des changements dans la structure et les fonctions des communautés rurales Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 47 Number: 349799 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349799 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349799/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_47_1_1721.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349799 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mendras, Henri Title: Objet, méthode et organisation de la sociologie rurale Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 47 Number: 349800 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349800 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349800/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_47_1_1722.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349800 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Réflexions sur le métayage en France Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 48 Number: 349801 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349801 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349801/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_48_1_1723.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349801 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: L'opération labour au Maroc. Bilan de trois campagnes Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 48 Number: 349802 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349802 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349802/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_48_1_1724.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349802 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dayre, Jean Title: L'organisation concurrentielle des marchés. Application à l'économie rurale [article] Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 48 Number: 349803 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349803 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349803/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_48_1_1725.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349803 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Poitevin, Jean Title: Le procédé des Abaques appliqué au programme planning Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 49 Number: 349804 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349804 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349804/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_49_1_1726.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349804 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de la Rivière, M. T. Title: Enquête sur le travail des femmes d'agriculteurs dans quelques exploitations familiales françaises Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 49 Number: 349805 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349805 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349805/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_49_1_1727.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349805 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, H. Title: L'organisation des marchés en pays en voie de développement Keywords: International Development, Industrial Organization Volume: 49 Number: 349806 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349806 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349806/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_49_1_1728.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349806 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Gouis, Michel Title: La commercialisation des fruits et légumes aux Etats-Unis Keywords: Marketing Volume: 49 Number: 349807 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349807 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349807/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_49_1_1729.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349807 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 49 Number: 349808 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349808 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349808/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_49_1_1730.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349808 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Note explicative Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 50 Number: 349809 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349809 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349809/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_50_1_1829.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349809 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Liste alphabétique des membres Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 50 Number: 349810 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349810 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349810/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_50_1_1731.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349810 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Liste des membres bienfaiteurs Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 50 Number: 349811 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349811 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349811/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_50_1_1732.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349811 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Liste professionnelle Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 50 Number: 349812 Year: 1961 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349812 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349812/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1961_num_50_1_1733.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349812 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dayre, Jean Title: Vues sur l'économie du trafic rural. Applications à l'aménagement du territoire Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Land Economics/Use Volume: 51 Number: 349813 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349813 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349813/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_51_1_1734.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349813 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard, Philippe Title: Les charges de transport dans des exploitations agricoles de divers types Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 51 Number: 349814 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349814 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349814/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_51_1_1735.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349814 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martinot, R. Title: L'influence du zéro-pâturage sur les transports à l'intérieur de l'exploitation Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Farm Management Volume: 51 Number: 349815 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349815 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349815/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_51_1_1736.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349815 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, H. Title: La part des transports dans le coût de commercialisation des produits agricoles Keywords: Marketing Volume: 51 Number: 349816 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349816 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349816/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_51_1_1737.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349816 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brown, Gabriel Title: Les transports de ramassage dans les industries laitières Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 51 Number: 349817 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349817 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349817/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_51_1_1738.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349817 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Author-Name: Roger-Estrade, A. Author-Name: Diméglio, P. Title: Le problème des transports dans la distribution de la viande Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 51 Number: 349818 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349818 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349818/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_51_1_1739.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349818 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lachêne, R. Title: Le problème des transports et les Halles de Paris Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 51 Number: 349819 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349819 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349819/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_51_1_1740.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349819 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: La fonction d'offre. Application à l'agriculture. Essai de mise au point théorique Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 52 Number: 349820 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349820 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349820/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_52_1_1741.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349820 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubos, Jean Title: Possibilités et limites de l'utilisation des séries chronologiques dans l'analyse de l'offre Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 52 Number: 349821 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349821 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349821/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_52_1_1742.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349821 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Grontec, Ph. Title: Problèmes posés par la construction des modèles d'offre régionale des produits agricoles Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 52 Number: 349822 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349822 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349822/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_52_1_1743.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349822 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 52 Number: 349823 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349823 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349823/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_52_1_1744.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349823 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Title: Réflexions sur la « réforme agraire ». Le rôle du technicien. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 53 Number: 349824 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349824 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349824/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_53_1_1745.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349824 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: La planification interrégionale Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 53 Number: 349825 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349825 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349825/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_53_1_1746.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349825 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonneau, Jacques Title: Introduction à l'étude du marché du bois Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 53 Number: 349826 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349826 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349826/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_53_1_1747.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349826 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 53 Number: 349827 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349827 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349827/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_53_1_1748.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349827 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ripert, Jean Title: Le plan agricole dans l'ensemble de la planification Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 54 Number: 349828 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349828 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349828/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_54_1_1749.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349828 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Douroux, L. Title: La profession devant le plan agricole Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 54 Number: 349829 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349829 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349829/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_54_1_1750.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349829 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des matières 1962 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 54 Number: 349830 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349830 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349830/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_54_1_1751.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349830 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malgrain, Yves Title: Les incidences de la politique agricole commune sur le plan agricole Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 54 Number: 349831 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349831 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349831/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_54_1_1752.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349831 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rottier, Georges Title: La place des études de consommation dans la planification de l'agriculture Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 54 Number: 349832 Year: 1962 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349832 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349832/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1962_num_54_1_1753.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349832 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Title: La croissance des groupements de vente : l'exemple des fruits et légumes Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 55 Number: 349833 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349833 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349833/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_55_1_1754.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349833 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Annexes Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 55 Number: 349834 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349834 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349834/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_55_1_2129.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349834 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coulomb, Pierre Title: Réflexions sur la structure des groupements agricoles d'exploitation Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 55 Number: 349835 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349835 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349835/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_55_1_2130.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349835 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Prix agricoles et planification Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 56 Number: 349836 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349836 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349836/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_56_1_1756.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349836 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Breton, Jean-François Author-Name: Violot, Raoul Author-Name: Baize-Coville, H. Title: Planification et politique des investissements Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 56 Number: 349837 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349837 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349837/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_56_1_1757.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349837 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Conclusions de la session Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 56 Number: 349838 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349838 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349838/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_56_1_1758.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349838 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: La planification agricole en France Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 56 Number: 349839 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349839 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349839/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_56_1_1759.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349839 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 56 Number: 349840 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349840 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349840/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_56_1_1760.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349840 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Commanay, Jacques Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Title: La concurrence interrégionale Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 57 Number: 349841 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349841 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349841/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_57_1_1761.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349841 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Bihan, Joseph Title: Notes sur les migrations saisonnières de travail en provenance de Bretagne Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 57 Number: 349842 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349842 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349842/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_57_1_1762.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349842 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 57 Number: 349843 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349843 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349843/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_57_1_1763.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349843 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farhi, Lucien Title: Essai sur l'équilibre lait-viande dans le Sud-Ouest Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 58 Number: 349844 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349844 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349844/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_58_1_1764.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349844 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Author-Name: Madec, Anne Author-Name: Vezin, J. Title: Mobilité des travailleurs en agriculture et influence du Marché Commun Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 58 Number: 349845 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349845 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349845/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_58_1_1765.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349845 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonneau, Jacques Title: La prévision de consommation de bois Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 58 Number: 349846 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349846 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349846/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_58_1_1766.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349846 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Casas, J. Author-Name: Arnaud, Charles Title: Economies d'échelles et innovations techniques dans le domaine de la fabrication des fromages de type emmenthal Keywords: Financial Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 58 Number: 349847 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349847 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349847/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_58_1_1767.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349847 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vyltsan, M.A. Author-Name: Mokin, S.V. Title: Ce qu'a vu et ce que n'a pas remarqué un savant français dans la campagne soviétique Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 58 Number: 349848 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349848 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349848/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_58_1_1768.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349848 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brandt, Karl Title: Libres opinions : Le rôle des coopératives d'exploitants agricoles dans une économie dynamique Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 58 Number: 349849 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349849 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349849/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_58_1_1769.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349849 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 58 Number: 349850 Year: 1963 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349850 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349850/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1963_num_58_1_1770.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349850 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Le développement des recherches en Economie Rurale en France depuis dix ans Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 59 Number: 349851 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349851 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349851/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_59_1_1830.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349851 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ronze, J. Title: Besoins de l'administration en matière de recherches en Economie Rurale Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 59 Number: 349852 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349852 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349852/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_59_1_1831.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349852 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cassabois, G. Title: Recherche en Economie Rurale et vulgarisation économique en agriculture Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 59 Number: 349853 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349853 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349853/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_59_1_1832.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349853 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Recherche en Economie Rurale et développement régional Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Agricultural Finance Volume: 59 Number: 349854 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349854 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349854/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_59_1_1833.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349854 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Cambiaire, M. A. Title: Les économistes ruraux sont-ils trop isolés ? Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 59 Number: 349855 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349855 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349855/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_59_1_1834.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349855 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chatanay, Jacques Title: Les besoins de la profession en matière de connaissances économiques Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 59 Number: 349856 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349856 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349856/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_59_1_1835.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349856 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brown, Gabriel Title: Etat de la recherche dans le domaine de la commercialisation des produits agricoles. Le secteur public Keywords: Marketing, Public Economics Volume: 59 Number: 349857 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349857 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349857/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_59_1_1836.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349857 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fesneau, F. Title: Situation actuelle et commentaire sur les recherches effectuées en France dans le domaine de la propagande des produits agricoles et alimentaires Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 59 Number: 349858 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349858 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349858/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_59_1_1837.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349858 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 59 Number: 349859 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349859 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349859/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_59_1_1838.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349859 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piettre, André Title: La place de l'économie contractuelle dans l'économie française Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 60 Number: 349860 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349860 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349860/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1839.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349860 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubourgnoux, J.-C. Title: Aspect de la situation actuelle de l'agriculture contractuelle aux Etats-Unis Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 60 Number: 349861 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349861 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349861/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1840.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349861 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Gouis, Michel Title: L'effet de réseau dans la commercialisation des produits agricoles périssables Keywords: Marketing Volume: 60 Number: 349862 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349862 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349862/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1841.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349862 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Belhomme, H. Title: Où en est la constitution des groupements de producteurs et des comités économiques agricoles dans le domaine de la viande ? Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 60 Number: 349863 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349863 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349863/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1842.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349863 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreaux, J. Title: Analyse critique de la loi sur l'économie contractuelle Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 60 Number: 349864 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349864 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349864/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1843.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349864 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Génin, M. Title: La position des industriels en face de l'économie contractuelle Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 60 Number: 349865 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349865 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349865/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1844.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349865 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Douroux, L. Title: La position des agriculteurs en face de l'économie contractuelle Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 60 Number: 349866 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349866 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349866/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1845.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349866 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Fabrègues, J.-M. Title: Etat actuel des groupements de producteurs Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 60 Number: 349867 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349867 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349867/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1846.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349867 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupuis, Jacques Title: Quelques aspects généraux de l'économie contractuelle dans une perspective d'expansion Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 60 Number: 349868 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349868 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349868/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1847.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349868 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Title: Une extension des relations contractuelles est-elle possible en agriculture ? Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 60 Number: 349869 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349869 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349869/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1848.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349869 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, H. Title: La commercialisation des produits agricoles en Pologne socialiste Keywords: Marketing Volume: 60 Number: 349870 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349870 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349870/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1849.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349870 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 60 Number: 349871 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349871 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349871/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_60_1_1850.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349871 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Weitx, Raanan Title: Sur le principe du développement rural intégré Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 61 Number: 349872 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349872 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349872/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_61_1_1851.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349872 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mayoux, Jacques Title: La politique agricole commune : espoirs et difficultés Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 61 Number: 349873 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349873 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349873/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_61_1_1852.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349873 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beisson, Georges Title: Marché commun : bilan et perspective Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 61 Number: 349874 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349874 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349874/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_61_1_1853.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349874 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gardner, Tracy A. Author-Name: Cowling, K. Title: Modèles analytiques pour l'estimation de l'offre dans le secteur agricole: Vue d'ensemble et critique Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 61 Number: 349875 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349875 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349875/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_61_1_1854.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349875 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Les modèles d'offre en France : Vue rapide et critique Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 61 Number: 349876 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349876 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349876/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_61_1_1855.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349876 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Unterfichter, Sigrid Title: Activité et rôle des femmes dans deux villages du Canton de Vaud (Oppens et Orzens) Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 61 Number: 349877 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349877 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349877/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_61_1_1856.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349877 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: Temps de travaux et jours disponibles en agriculture Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 61 Number: 349878 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349878 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349878/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_61_1_1857.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349878 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labonne, Michel Title: Prix et contrats de production en agriculture Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 61 Number: 349879 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349879 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349879/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_61_1_1858.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349879 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 61 Number: 349880 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349880 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349880/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_61_1_1859.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349880 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Bihan, Joseph Title: Paul Breschet, 1925-1964 Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 62 Number: 349881 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349881 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349881/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1860.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349881 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tavernier, Yves Title: Les aspects permanents de la crise paysanne en 1964 Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 62 Number: 349882 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349882 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349882/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1861.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349882 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Denis, Henri Title: L'idée coopérative devant l'évolution économique du temps présent Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 62 Number: 349883 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349883 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349883/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1863.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349883 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lopes-Cardoso, A. Title: Doctrine coopérative et coopération agricole Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 62 Number: 349884 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349884 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349884/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1864.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349884 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Essai d'orientation sur l'évolution de la coopération en France Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 62 Number: 349885 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349885 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349885/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1865.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349885 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Bihan, Joseph Author-Name: Coquart, Ph. Title: La croissance de la coopération agricole en Bretagne Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 62 Number: 349886 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349886 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349886/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1866.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349886 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sauvage, Antoine Title: L'application des méthodes de gestion aux organisations coopératives Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 62 Number: 349887 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349887 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349887/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1867.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349887 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Selaries, Guy Title: La formation des administrateurs et cadres de la coopération Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 62 Number: 349888 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349888 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349888/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1868.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349888 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Costabel, A. Title: Le financement des investissements de la coopération agricole : conséquences de la débudgétisation des ressources Keywords: Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance Volume: 62 Number: 349889 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349889 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349889/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1869.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349889 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moisan, V. Title: Le pouvoir de décision dans la coopérative Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 62 Number: 349890 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349890 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349890/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1870.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349890 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Knoertzer, M. Title: Les interventions de la coopérative sur les décisions de production des agriculteurs Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 62 Number: 349891 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349891 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349891/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1871.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349891 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lequertier, J. Author-Name: Piel, Jean Title: Discipline et pouvoir économique du mouvement coopératif Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 62 Number: 349892 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349892 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349892/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1872.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349892 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Bihan, Joseph Title: Quelques réflexions sur les possibilités de croissance des coopératives agricoles en France Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 62 Number: 349893 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349893 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349893/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1873.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349893 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Montagne, Roger Title: Les problèmes que pose l'expansion du mouvement coopératif Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 62 Number: 349894 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349894 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349894/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1874.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349894 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 62 Number: 349895 Year: 1964 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349895 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349895/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1964_num_62_1_1875.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349895 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonastre, J.-B. Title: Bilan provisoire de dix mois de crise du marché de la volaille en France Abstract: After a prosperous period, broiler production has passed through several crises (1957, 1961 , 1963, 1964). The latest one was particulary serious. Wholesale prices were subject to important daily fluctuations and ojten stayed below production costs. Some authors think that this crisis is durable and linked with the technical nature of this production which can expand easily. Others believe that the main factor is market structure and size of firms : the transmittal of market information to the breeders is not satisfactory ; leading firms do not cut down their production when market conditions become unfavorable. The lac\ of concentration leads to important, production and manufacturing costs, all the more as production areas are far from consumption areas. This is important for certain areas since, as a result of the Common Market regulations, subsidies to cover part of the transport costs for exported poultry were abolished. Concentration has not been realized through « voluntary » agreements between firms, but large concerns with important financial reserves are obtaining control over firms with financial difficulties and thus concentration is developing. Different solutions have been considered to obtain a better balance between supply and demand. Market information should be improved and should emphasize quality aspects. A number of other steps to reduce input costs, to reinforce the countervailing power of the breeders and to stabilize supply are recommended. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 63 Number: 349896 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349896 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349896/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1876.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349896 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pohorille, Maksymilian Title: Prix agricoles et planification en Pologne Abstract: Farm prices present specific problems in the economic system oj socialist countries. In Poland, the marketing oj farm products is accomplished according to Jour systems, from compulsory deliveries to an open market system. In spite of the influence of the state monopolies, prices are subject to a fluctuation which is impossible to control. For production, consumption and investment, the general price level is determined according to the objects of the plan. Only at this stage, production costs interven. Prices are determined by the margin between etail prices and consumer prices, by taxes subsidies and farm credit, input prices and prices of industrial products consumed by the farmers. Even though a price increase may sometimes be useful for developing the agricultural production, the subsidies granted in order to increase inputs are more efficient for the future evolution. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 63 Number: 349897 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349897 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349897/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1877.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349897 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, Philippe Title: La place des groupements d'exploitations dans l'évolution des firmes en agriculture Abstract: Although joint farming is in the center oj present interest it is not yet very Well \nown. Up to the present time, agriculture has been to a great extent an enterprise where most oj the inputs are self supplied and where the farmer carries on numerous activities. Technical progress has brought about a slow evolution especially in the ancillary farm activities. In the beginning mechanization does not bring about any structural change. But when it develops, it forces the farmers to group their farms or to give them up. The integration phenomenon which has been spectacular in poultry breeding could affect other branches of production in the coming years. « Industrial and commercial joint farming » would help farmers to \eep the control over ancillary activities. Ambitious farmers would he able to participate in big modern enterprises with joint management. The cooperatives would profit by this situation. The events that upset the organization and the external relations of a farm claim new research methods. This group farming could accomplish the transition from a self supplied agriculture to an industrial agriculture. This would be a conspicuous experience if the farmers could ^eep their decision power. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 63 Number: 349898 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349898 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349898/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1878.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349898 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruilière, G. Title: Le développement de la Grande-Bretagne au 18m? siècle : révolution industrielle ou agricole ? Abstract: The study examines the influence of agriculture and transports on the growth of the British economy since the 18th Century Industrial Revolution. Without the joint development of transports and agriculture, Great Britain would not have been able to obtain such a lead over other countries by its industrialisation alone. Its economic power, based on the rise of industry, has not only been obtained by inventions and adoption of new technical processse, but also by a preliminary reform of agriculture, the transport system and the means of communication. The badly adapted cultivation methods and to a great extent the ignorance of scientific methods of soil conservation brought about a waste. The open field system prevented by its rigidity the adoption of new techniques. This system Was changed in 1760. The enclosures movement made it possible to change the mentality of the farmers and to bring in new cultivation methods. As to the improvment of the means of communication, its influence has beenn rather indirect. The network expanded during the second half of the eighteenth century, so as to permit a more intensive use of coal by the industries. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 63 Number: 349899 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349899 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349899/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1879.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349899 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Fonction d'offre, approche dynamique Abstract: In spite of numerous research efforts on agricultural supply, this function is still poorly \noWn. Recent theoretical developments indicate that a fruitful approach to the study of supply may be the attempt to explain resource allocation to a given enterprise. In the second part of the article results of one of our research studies done in the U.S. are used to the hypothesis. The objectives were to specify the factors influencing feed-grain, beef and por\ production and to measure their effect. An econometric model was built for that purpose. Its coefficients were estimated on the basis of time series data. The limitations due to the method used are first discussed, then it is shown how important resource fixation mecanismus are for the dynamics of supply. A better understanding of the influence of expected prices can be reached. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 63 Number: 349900 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349900 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349900/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1880.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349900 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Montigaud, Jean-Claude Title: Répercussions sur les marchés viticoles de l'évolution en cours dans le secteur commercial Abstract: After recalling the major lines of evolution in the food trade, the author analyses its effects on Wine markei. He examines the demand and its geographical distribution, focusing its analysis on the role of the decision centres : one of them, the « dealer » plays a great part. The supply analysis is deliberately limited to a description of two closely related phenomenons : horizontal and vertical integration. As this double phenomenon acts at every market stage, from production to retail marketing, the observed effects increase from the producer to the consumer. If the integration mouvement of demand increases, that of supply remains stationary; this leads to a disruption of the marketing structures. Supply is more and more dominated by demand. In conclusion, the author outlines a few sketch-plans of the future evolution. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 63 Number: 349901 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349901 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349901/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1881.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349901 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Courtois, B. Title: Essai d'ajustement de fonctions de production globale à un groupe d'exploitations anglaises Abstract: Taking his inspiration from an English study by Dr Knud Rasmussen, at the time head of the Department of Agricultural Economics at the University of Nottingham, the author of this article gives a feu) precise details about the production functions used in agriculture. The author insists upon the econometric difficulties encountered when adjusting an aggregate production function, derived from accounts of a homogeneous group of farms. Such research may lead to general useful data (production outlook, necessity of an intensified use of a particular input). Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 63 Number: 349902 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349902 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349902/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1882.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349902 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Réflexions sur l'objet de l'économie rurale Abstract: In any disciplin, progress of knowledge depend on the validity of the concepts and theories which lie at its center. A historical study of the French school oj farm economics leads us to think that this school has often set the problems badly. Especially the theory according to which agriculture, by its biological nature, is a field completely apart in economics, does not seem able to improve economic thought applied to agriculture. On the contrary, interesting results have been obtained by applying certain concepts of the general economics. Thus it seems more fruitful to build up the conceptualization from the general economic theory. Here We must not forget that the existing agricultural structures give a distinguished caracter to this sector. This caracter justifies studies of the sector by specialized economists and leads to a planing of the research considering both themes of the general theory and the specific character of farm economics involved in every subject. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 63 Number: 349903 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349903 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349903/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1883.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349903 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 63 Number: 349904 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349904 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349904/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1884.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349904 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sauzin, A. Title: Le problème de la viande Abstract: At a time when, on account of a relative shortage of meat, our attention is drawn to the meat problems, the author has considered it useful to search objectively for efforts and concessions that might bring a solution. The meat producer wishes to enhance the prices, but that may discourage the consumer. The expenses that encumber the meat processing and distribution seem exhorbitant. The failure of the experiment with short marketing channels should be explained and the economic « recovery » which would be the result of the reform of the marketing channels should be put into figures. In the present production hypothesis, the breeder remain exposed to technical, economic and social constraints more important ' than those of corn producers, although their income is lower. Does this mean that the breeding activity will progressively disappear ? The fact that certain areas remain unsuitable for cultivation, together with the power of a certain tradition, will delay this disappearing. But it is no doubt inevitable, unless an evolution — or even a revolution — of the regular techniques and changes of the marketing conditions brings a higher productivity and a better security that can be compared with those of the corn sector. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 64 Number: 349905 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349905 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349905/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1886.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349905 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mendras, Henri Title: Les sociétés rurales françaises : inventaire typologique et étude des changements sociaux Abstract: Numerous studies of rural geography, rural history, electoral, economic and religious geography have revealed the regional diversities of the French rural areas. This diversity makes every nation-wide sociological analysis fruitless; especially studies of social changes must, to make sense, have reference to a particular society with its own caracteristics. It is therefore essential to make out a typology of these societies. The numerous statistics that exist made it possible to set up a Sociological Map of Rural France, which can be used as a basis for a preliminary typological sketch of the areas. Furthermore, comparative 'monographs should be provided in order to reconstruct within defined limits the rural society which is already drawn up on the Map, to give a comprehensive view and to enable us to grasp its mecanisms. The problem which arises here is to define what is meant by a rural society and to elaborate instruments for the monographic analysis which meet the needs of this research. A practical answer is given to the first question: the « canton » (subdivision of a French arrondissement) will be the geographical limit of the monograph. Finaly a short presentation of the instruments for the monograph analysis is given. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 64 Number: 349906 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349906 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349906/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1887.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349906 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomine-Desmazures, Micheline Title: L'investigation psychosociologique en milieu rural Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 64 Number: 349907 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349907 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349907/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1888.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349907 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dion, Michel Title: L'évolution récente d'une communauté rurale : le canton de Nozeroy (Jura) Abstract: The sociological study of the Nozeroy « canton » (subdivision of arrondissement) enables us to reveal two kinds of fundamental relationships between man and natural factors: his relations with wood and cows. On the basis of these relations, two complementary social organizations have been established. One of them, the « voiturage » (farm association for transporting the wood from the forest to the processing plant) did not outlive the introduction of the internal combustion engine into the discharging and the transport of wood. On the other hand, the « fruitière » (small craftman's shop) has succeeded in integrating the new manufacturing techniques for producing the cheese « Comté ». Considering this situation, the article specifies the contradictory attitudes of the farmers facing technical progress : the cause lies both in their traditionalism (the group decides) and in their individualism. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 64 Number: 349908 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349908 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349908/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1889.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349908 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Roy, Xavier Title: L'introduction de cultures de rapport dans un village Senoufo du nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire Abstract: What is the impact of the introduction of cash crops (mainly cotton) into a Senoufo subsistence economy on the Northern Ivory Coast ? A four-year study in one of the villages located in Southern Boundrali intended to answer this question. The production system is characterized by a juxtaposition of subsistence crops and cash crops which is concretized by separate plots for each crop. The working capital which results from the cash cropping is almost exclusively devoted to this activity. The joint occurance of land extension, small overall growth of labour productivity and the absence of adequate working schemes for the crop year has caused a labour shortage which was unexisting before. However, land is plentiful in this area, which is why the attempt to stabilize crop land was a failure. The farm enterprize which is defined as the coincidence of consuming and producing units follows two different trends. On one hand the influence of the chief on the individuals is reduced as the size of this enterprize decreases due to emigration and segmentation but also to the extention of individual plots. On the other hand, the head of the farm enterprize operates a stricter control on total assets through the monetary gains from cash crops. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 147-148 Number: 349909 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349909 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349909/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2841.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349909 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnefond, Philippe Title: L'introduction de la culture irriguée sur les rives sénégalaises du bassin du fleuve Sénégal Abstract: At present, irrigated crops are introduced on the banks of the Senegal river by a development agency, the SAED. In the first part of this article, the author draws up an inventory of the development of irrigated crops in this area : after a short historical analysis where he concludes that it has been a failure, the author gives the main characteristics of present irrigated crop systems into rural production units through the interrelations of irrigation systems and traditional systems (crops and cattle) on one hand and the irrigation systems and the peasant families on the other hand. The conclusion insists on the rationality of peasant choice according to the context where they are placed. Finally, a bibliography is given of the main sources underlying the article. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 147-148 Number: 349910 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349910 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349910/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2842.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349910 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Toutain, G. Title: Technologie lourde et fragilité des écosystèmes phoenicicoles : les palmeraies de Tafilalt (Maroc) Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 147-148 Number: 349911 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349911 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349911/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2843.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349911 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masson, Philippe Title: Les contraintes à l'augmentation de la production céréalière en secteur privé en Algérie Abstract: In the private sector in Algeria, cereals are grown on small farms with traditionnal methods giving low yield. Agronomic trials made on the farms, show that it is easy to double the yield. Constraints come from the lack of equipment, the lack of extension and the economic environment. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 147-148 Number: 349912 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349912 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349912/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2844.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349912 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morlon, Pierre Title: Adaptation au milieu des systèmes agraires andins traditionnels : conséquences pour le développement Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 147-148 Number: 349913 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349913 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349913/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2845.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349913 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rocheteau, Guillaume Title: Changements techniques et options de développement rural en économie de plantation : quel devenir pour les agricultures caribéennes ? Abstract: This article deals with the study of certain socio-economic factors influencing on the choice of agricultural techniques which are or should be applied in a given economic system, the plantation economy still existing in the West Indies. Since the end of last century, the economies of the West Indies have known a permanent crisis of outlets and production costs. A certain effort has been made in the field of modernization of the plantation system with the introduction of technical changes in order to preserve the specific social structures. The future of the small-scale sector depends on the strategy of the Plantation which has already excluded it from the modernization process. The negative results of this policy have given rise to a certain number of counter-propositions from planification and research authorities with one common object : to overthrow the plantation economy by inserting small-scale producers. The technical solutions to promote this category of farmers are however sometimes unreconcilable. These different approaches can be explained by the important disagreement in the analysis of the initial situations both of the functioning of the plantation economy and the nature and degree of efficiency of traditional production systems. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 147-148 Number: 349914 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349914 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349914/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2847.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349914 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chauveau, Jean-Pierre Title: L'image de l'agriculture baule (Côte-d'Ivoire) et les développeurs : «réfèrent» précolonial et réalités historiques Abstract: The preponderance of yam in the subsistence production of present-day Baoulé and the valorization of this crop within the representation system of the peasants characterize the agriculture of this region of the Ivory Coast. These aspects determine the image of the precolonial agriculture held by «development» executives as well as «social scientists». The object of this article is to show why this image doesn't correspond to historical realities. The reconstitution from oral traditions and early colonial archives shows a very diversified agriculture which can only be understood in the context of a complex valorization system of all productions where the agricultural element is only a part (gold production and handicraft, especially of cotton ; national and intercontinental trade). Colonization upset old conditions of valorization and introduced foreign constraints thus inducing a regression of the productive assets and inside the purely agricultural sphere discouraged the crops which were the most subject to direct intervention (rice, corn, cotton). Yam had the advantage of a more liberal policy because it didn't fit in with the colonial «model» of a strategic products. The distorsion of precolonial realities into a stereotyped «precolonial referent» can be explained by a need for justification on the part of the colonizers. At the same time, the Baoulé producers modified their own representations to the advantage of the already culturally valorized yam. Consequently, most so-called «socio- cultural obstacles» date back to 1 900-1*91 8 for the crops most touched by the central government action when a plantation economy was outlined (ground-nuts) which developped outside the rules laid down by the colonizers. Contemporary researchers generally working oh an «ethnographical present» had little chance to escape this caricatured image of precolonial Baoulé agriculture. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 147-148 Number: 349915 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349915 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349915/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2848.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349915 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de La Vaissiere, P. Title: Evolution structurelle 1965-1975 de l'économie de plantation en Côte-d'Ivoire : croissance sans changements techniques ? Abstract: The author analyses the results of a rapid growth of the Plantation economy on the Ivory Coast from 1 965 tc 1975 and the impact of technical changes. He notes a great variety in regional evolution but a general trenc towards a reduction of disparities. The productivity per worker stagnates and the crop yield seems to deteriorate Demographic factors (migrations) are important. This growth results in an increasing social and economic stratification of the peasants which stems from a dual competition : the «competition for land» and the «competition for labour». Three different systems are observed, selfsufficiency, growth based on family labour and growth based on permanently hired labour. The impact of technical change is small. There is a definitive contradiction between the aim of development services which is land intensification and the object of many planters to gain land which trends towards extensive farming. This situation is also confirmed by local statistics. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 147-148 Number: 349916 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349916 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349916/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2849.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349916 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruf, François Title: Les règles du jeu sur le foncier et la force de travail dans l'ascension économique et la stratification sociale des planteurs de Côte-d'Ivoire : quelques éléments d'analyse et signes d'évolution technique Abstract: The author makes an analysis of the social stratification of different ethnic groups induced by the plantation economy. During the «mining period», land and labour seem equally important. The «allochthonous» consider labour supply as crucial for settlement and land extension strategies. The autochthons on the other hand count on land to control labour. The degree of insertion of the autochthons into the new social system is determined by the historic period and its migration currents induced by the national policy and also by their capacity to control land which varies regionally. However, the role of techniques should not be overlooked. The Baoulé community owe their dynamism to the choice of cocoa and to their empirical technicality. In the second part, the author suggests certain signs which indicate a new phase of spatial saturation and reduction of increments whereby a market is developed for the two production factors. Hence, technical skill will become the limiting factor to economic success. A category of «modern» peasants emerge among the farms of 6 to 20 ha which are liable to be very dependant on hired labour. Keywords: Land Economics/Use, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 147-148 Number: 349917 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349917 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349917/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2850.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349917 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antheaume, Benoît Title: «Ne dites pas à mon patron que je vends des produits vivriers, il me croit planteur de café Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 147-148 Number: 349918 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349918 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349918/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2851.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349918 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Affou, Yapi Title: Le changement technologique dans les grandes plantations villageoises est-il pour aujourd'hui ? Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 147-148 Number: 349919 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349919 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349919/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2852.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349919 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Braud, M. Title: Un exemple de liaison entre la recherche et les agriculteurs en république Centrafricaine Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 147-148 Number: 349920 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349920 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349920/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2854.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349920 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Correze, Annette Title: La vulgarisation agricole et les femmes Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 147-148 Number: 349921 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349921 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349921/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2855.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349921 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desjeux, Dominique Title: Rationalité paysanne et méthodes d'évaluation qualitative en Afrique. Quelques enjeux des procédures d'évaluation Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 147-148 Number: 349922 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349922 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349922/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2856.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349922 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Billaz, René Title: Problèmes posés par l'évaluation d'un programme de culture attelée : l'exemple du Yatenga en Haute-Volta Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 147-148 Number: 349923 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349923 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349923/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2857.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349923 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Noailly, Marc Title: Formation supérieure agronomique et développement au Niger Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 147-148 Number: 349924 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349924 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349924/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2858.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349924 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Le comportement électoral des agriculteurs français de 1973 à 1981 Abstract: Three main features of French farmers' electoral behaviour are pointed out : firstly their well hnown preference for the right and reluctance towards Communist Party, as well as a less commonly emphasized propensity to vote for the Socialist Party, which did not begin in 1981. Secondly their environment and income structures cannot be neglected in explaining their attitudes. Finally, agricultural workers, although in small number, are, nowadays, more leftist than their employers, while their behaviour was about the same ten years ago. This is lessened when they belong to a farmer's family. Two sets of methods have been used here : first the results of existing opinion polls have been examined. Second, an «ecological» analysis of the outcomes of the last five parliamentary and presidential elections has been performed, on data at the départemental level and from a sample of «communes». Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 149 Number: 349925 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349925 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349925/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2859.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349925 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tangermann, Stephan Title: L'Allemagne et la politique agricole commune : thème et variations Abstract: The article presents in their political context, the farm policy conceptions of the Federal Republic of Germany. They have a predominant tendency towards protectionnism, but variations occured since the EEC formation. Contrarily to earlier fears, the entry into EEC has allowed her to strengthen the high prices inclinations. The introduction of MCA's has loosened the link between national and common prices, providing a way to support farm incomes, without having to carry the financial burden of a generalised high price policy in EEC. The Economic slowdown and budget shortages lead Germany to adopt now an attitude in favour of moderate price increases in EEC. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 149 Number: 349926 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349926 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349926/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2860.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349926 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Alain Title: Les répercussions agricoles de l'élargissement de la CEE à la Grèce Abstract: The large complementarity of agricultural production and trade of the EEC and Greece has favoured its association to the EEC and its membership as from January 1st 1981. For the future, the adoption by Greece of the common agricultural policy (CAP) should not result in an increased competitive capacity of Greek agribusiness within the Common Market, except for certain sensitive products subject to special transitory regulations, nor imply a change of traditional food and agricultural trade channels with third countries. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 149 Number: 349927 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349927 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349927/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2861.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349927 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernegger, U. Author-Name: Lehmann, Bernard Author-Name: Rieder, P. Title: L'incidence régionale de la politique agraire : le cas de la Suisse Abstract: This paper shows the economic and regional disparities in income in Switzerland. There are two principal kinds of interesting disparity : disparity between agriculture and the other sectors of the economy on the one hand and between farmer's income in different regions on the other hand. The study deals with the impact of agricultural policy in these regions and shows new measures of regional policy to provide migration from the rural and marginal regions of the country. There is a combination of measures proposed : An agricultural policy taking into consideration the comparative advantage in land use in different regions and the conservation of villages making possible a life for their inhabitants in a socio-economic balance. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 149 Number: 349928 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349928 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349928/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2862.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349928 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bublot, G. Title: La marginalisation des exploitations agricoles belges 1962/63 - 1977/78 Abstract: The first part of the article consists of a theoretical development : the parameters acting as marginalizing factors are defined, i.e. the continual decrease of farm income and the passage from the group of profit-earning farms to that of non profit-earning. In the second part, the author studies the importance of the phenomenon as it results from official statistics and accounting data during the 1962/63 to 1977/78 period. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 149 Number: 349929 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349929 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349929/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2863.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349929 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lifran, Robert Title: Des typologies d'exploitations aux couches sociales agricoles : l'exemple de la viticulture languedocienne Abstract: On the basis of an existing typology of vineyards and data on non agricultural activities and family incomes, a pattern of characteristics and behaviour of the different social classes of wine-growers in the Languedoc area is established and their relative importance examined. The results have led to a reflexion on the relationship between capital accumulation and social reproduction. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 149 Number: 349930 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349930 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349930/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2864.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349930 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sébillotte, Jean Title: Les investissements des exploitations agricoles en bâtiments d'élevage de 1970 à 1979 Keywords: Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 149 Number: 349931 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349931 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349931/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2866.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349931 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Levadoux, B. Title: Recherches sur la faisabilité économique d'une prévention efficace de la grêle Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 149 Number: 349932 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349932 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349932/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2867.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349932 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Drouet, Michel Title: Marché Commun Agricole : le retrait de la Grande-Bretagne serait coûteux pour les neuf partenaires Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 149 Number: 349933 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349933 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349933/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2869.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349933 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: Une justification par les comptes de surplus des subventions à l'agriculture Abstract: As farm incomes go inexorably down, farmers demand readjustments but refuse to be regarded as living on welfare. The contribution they demand from the State is actually only a compensation for what has unduly been perceived by farm supplying and marketing firms. Far from being charity, the subsidies represent merely a restitution of gains largely deserved for a highly productive performance. In spite of the recession, the technical and economic potentialities of agriculture do not at all seem exhausted contrary to current opinions on the subject. This argumentation is not based on some neo-agrarian theory, but on the aggregated results of surplus accounts disposed so as to show the mecanism of spoiliation and restitution which has been operating during the 1974-80 period. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 149 Number: 349934 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349934 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349934/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2870.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349934 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 149 Number: 349935 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349935 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349935/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_149_1_2871.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349935 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Avant-propos Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349936 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349936 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349936/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2873.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349936 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zidar, Milovan Title: Le développement régional dans la politique économique de la Yougoslavie Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349937 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349937 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349937/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2875.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349937 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Les économistes ruraux face aux problèmes de l'agriculture et du développement régional en Europe Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349938 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349938 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349938/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2876.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349938 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wibberley, G.P. Title: Agricultures fortes, mais économies locales faibles « Dans le développement rural européen, l'accent mis sur l'agriculture est injustifié Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349939 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349939 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349939/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2877.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349939 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chassagne, Marie-Elisabeth Title: Commentaire sur l'exposé du Pr Wibberley Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349940 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349940 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349940/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2878.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349940 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mazoyer, Marcel Title: Origines et mécanismes de reproduction des inégalités régionales de développement agricole en Europe Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349941 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349941 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349941/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2879.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349941 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nazarenko, V.S. Title: Ouverture de la discussion sur l'exposé du Pr Mazoyer Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349942 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349942 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349942/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2880.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349942 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dabrowski, P.H. Title: Les disparités régionales en agriculture Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349943 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349943 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349943/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2881.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349943 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bolin, O. Title: Ouverture de la discussion sur l'exposé du Pr Dabrowski Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349944 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349944 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349944/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2882.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349944 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomic, Dusan Title: Les objectifs politiques, les méthodes et les mesures dans le développement régional de l'agriculture : l'exemple de la Yougoslavie Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349945 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349945 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349945/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2883.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349945 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Orlando, G. Author-Name: Antonelli, Giuseppe Title: La politique régionale dans les pays de la CEE et la politique régionale commune : problèmes et perspectives de développement des régions rurales sous-développées Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349946 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349946 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349946/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2884.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349946 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bueno, M. Title: Ouverture de la discussion sur l'exposé du Pr Orlando Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349947 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349947 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349947/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2885.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349947 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Weinschenck, Günter Author-Name: Kemper, Jutta Title: Les politiques agricoles et leur impact régional en Europe de l'Ouest Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349948 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349948 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349948/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2886.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349948 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lechi, Francesco Title: Ouverture de la discussion sur l'exposé de G. Weinschenck et J. Kemper Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349949 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349949 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349949/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2887.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349949 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Groupe A1. - Théorie et modèles d'analyse et de planification économique régionale Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349950 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349950 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349950/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2890.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349950 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Groupe A2. - Documentation et statistique : typologie et modèles descriptifs Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 150-151 Number: 349951 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349951 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349951/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2891.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349951 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vallat, J. Author-Name: Martens, L. Title: Groupe A3. - Les ressources, l'environnement naturel Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349952 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349952 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349952/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2892.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349952 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Csaki, C. Author-Name: Dimou, Elefthéria Title: Groupe A4. - Production alimentaire et marketing, en relation avec les problèmes régionaux Keywords: Marketing, Productivity Analysis Volume: 150-151 Number: 349953 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349953 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349953/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2893.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349953 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stipetic, M. Author-Name: Bryden, John Title: Groupe A5. - Relations entre l'agriculture et les autres activités rurales. Développement rural intégré Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349954 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349954 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349954/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2894.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349954 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbero, C. Author-Name: Zimbrek, T. Title: Groupe A6. - Problèmes sociaux, conditions de vie Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 150-151 Number: 349955 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349955 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349955/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2895.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349955 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Britton, Denis K. Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Groupe B1. - La planification régionale et la politique agricole Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349956 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349956 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349956/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2897.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349956 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Groupe B2. - Les zones de montagne et collines Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349957 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349957 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349957/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2898.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349957 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorgenson, W. Author-Name: Matthews, Alan Title: Groupe B3. - Zones défavorisées dans les climats du Nord Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349958 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349958 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349958/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2899.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349958 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Esteruelas, R. Author-Name: Agostini, Dominique Title: Groupe B4. - Zones défavorisées dans les climats du Sud Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 150-151 Number: 349959 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349959 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349959/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2900.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349959 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Author-Name: Everts, I. D. Title: Groupe B5. - Problèmes régionaux dans les pays à revenu élevé et dans les zones spécifiques Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 150-151 Number: 349960 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349960 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349960/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2901.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349960 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Veer, Jan Title: Rapport final : théorie, analyse et méthodologie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349961 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349961 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349961/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2903.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349961 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tracy, Michaël Title: Rapport de synthèse : optique politique agricole Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349962 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349962 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349962/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2904.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349962 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Liste des contributions diffusées au Congrès de Belgrade Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349963 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349963 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349963/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2905.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349963 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Liste alphabétique des auteurs des contributions Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349964 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349964 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349964/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2906.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349964 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Compte rendu de l'Assemblée générale de l'Association Européenne des Économistes Agricoles (AEEA), le 4 septembre 1981 à Belgrade Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 150-151 Number: 349965 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349965 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349965/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_150_1_2907.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349965 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Inégalités et solidarités dans l'agriculture française : introduction Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 152 Number: 349966 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349966 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349966/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2908.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349966 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cormoreche, P. Title: Inégalités et solidarités dans l'agriculture française. Un point de vue professionnel Abstract: The strengthening of the solidarity in agriculture in order to reduce inequalities is particularly difficult to carry out as agriculture is the only sector where incomes are not increasing whereas all other social categories have seen their purchasing power rise steadily. This gap between farmers and non-farmers should not make us forget the inequalities within the agricultural sector itself. There are in fact important disparities between regions and between production systems although a certain reduction can be observed in spite of an unfavorable conjecture. The farmers, well aware of the existing inequalities between them and of the necessity to obtain a parity with the other sectors, have created a great number of solidarity structures wich they prefer to run them-selves. Consequently, farmers have gone together in vast solidarity effort for supply, processing and marketing of products, for financing farm operations and for securing a better protection. In order to overcome inequalities in the future, a maximum of possibilities should be given to the farmers particularly in the field of extension service and professional training where there exists an important lag. It is essential to supply young farmers who enter agriculture with all necessary means in order to thrive in their particular fields. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 152 Number: 349967 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349967 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349967/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2909.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349967 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thareau, Bernard Title: Inégalités et solidarités en agriculture. Un point de vue politique Abstract: The inequalities within the farming sector are less known than those between the urban and rural sectors ; they are nonetheless more important. The solidarity of the farmer towards the latter will be easier to accept if those internal inequalities are reduced. This means that the existing corporate structure has to be dismantled and a new policy has to be elaborated which does not disregard the disparities. In other words, the agricultural policy has to be replaced by a policy for the farmers in their diversity. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 152 Number: 349968 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349968 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349968/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2910.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349968 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bégué, Jean Author-Name: Thelot, Claude Author-Name: Fouquet, A. Title: La mesure des inégalités. Un point de vue de statisticiens Abstract: The example of inequalities among incomes makes it possible to present a critical analysis of the technical paraphenalia statisticians have to measure inequalities. The ratio between the meansof various social groups, the coefficients of dispersions or the synthetic indicators of concentration give various possibilities to describe the gaps between incomes among one population, or two subpopulations, in various ways. The least precaution to take is to define the concepts as well as the units between which comparisons are being made, with precision. If general reports can usually be established, the diversity of points of view as well as the existence of various instruments of measure do not always give the possibility to get the same appraisal of the range of inequalities. Things get more complex when, coming to the various fields of social life, one tries to establish a scale of « standards of living », to compare the « ways of living ». The fields which are more qualitative than incomes raise special problems. But above all, the combining of various indicators concerning various fields is technically more difficult and even raises fundamental questions : how to build only one scale of reference, how to reckon the comparative «weights» of various fields ? Last, beyond the problems of measure and combinations, thinking about the difference between inequalities as they are and inequalities as they are felt, about the notion of justice (which that of inequality implicity refers to), about the necessary conflicts and cooperations and on the specificity of the groups, which cannot always be reduced to inequalities, all this leads to the conclusion that to understand social reality on must go beyond the perspective of inequalities. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 152 Number: 349969 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349969 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349969/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2911.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lévy-Leboyer, Maurice Title: Les inégalités interrégionales : évolution au 19e siècle Abstract: The study presents new series of production and income per head, at a regional and national levels, for French agriculture in the 19th and the 20th centuries as well as a calculation of growth rates of total factor productivity for a sample of eleven agricultural regions over the 1851-1970 period. They give a more precise view of the stability of income inequalities between regions before and during the period of industrialization. They highlight three main trends : the improvemnent that accrued to regions at the periphery, when they were linked by rail ; the sharp deterioration of workers tied up to the land during the period of rural desindustrialization ; and the absence of cumulative advantages in favour of the central regions, near Paris, in contrast with what is known of leading and lagging regions in industry. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 152 Number: 349970 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349970 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349970/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2912.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349970 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Title: Les disparités départementales de l'agriculture française de 1962 à 1980 Abstract: The last two decades seem characterized by increasing regional disparities of agricultural value added per work unit. Whereas the redistribution of the active farm population has tended to reduce disparities, the differentiated growth of regional added values has caused the observed aggravation. These différencies are part of a process of regional specialization and regional concentration which originated long before the 1960-ties. The wealthy agriculture is even more concentrated in the Paris area and the poorer farm sector in the remote regions. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Agricultural Finance Volume: 152 Number: 349971 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349971 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349971/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2913.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349971 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Girard, Jean-Paul Author-Name: Prost, Michel Title: Quelques remarques à propos des nouvelles nomenclatures de classification des exploitations agricoles Abstract: Are the new classification grids for farms implemented by statistics adapted to the current concerns regarding a better knowledge of the disparities existing among farmers ? Several ideas have been suggested here so that a dialogue can be established between the producers and the users of statistical data. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 152 Number: 349972 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349972 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349972/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2914.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349972 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nouyrit, H. Title: Causes et conséquences des solidarités en agriculture Abstract: In the farm sector, solidarity is most commonly transformed into a large number of institutions. The different forms are related to the agricultural work, to the risks pertaining to it, to technical, commercial and financial activities and even to trade unions. This institutionalizing of solidarity does not exclude more spontaneous forms. These forms, the impact of which is considerable though it is difficult to account for, suffer however from the reduction of the active farm population. Cooperative structures of solidarity have an impact of preserving the family farm structure and could be considered as a compromise between free enterprising and a wellfare state type of protection. It should finally be stressed that agriculture seem to have conceived the forms of solidarity which correspond to its natural diversity and its vulnerability towards the market. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 152 Number: 349973 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349973 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349973/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2915.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349973 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferté, C. Author-Name: Allaume-Bobe, Dominique Title: Quelles limites à la solidarité ? La solidarité voulue et déjà réalisée par les profession­nels et les pouvoirs publics peut-elle être renforcée sans nuire à l'intensification des exploitations agricoles dans leur ensemble ? Abstract: Can the existing solidarity realized by farm organizations and public authorities be strengthened without jeopardizing the entire intensification process of the farm ? The economic machinery of agriculture threatens to collapse for different reasons among which the compulsory levies are often mentioned as the most important. The farmers are actually the only social category to provide such an effort of internal solidarity. For this reason, we want to stress that this specific solidarity can not be extended indefinitely in its present form in the existing gloomy economic farming context. In the prospect of renewed solidarity it is important to fix its limits (in our opinion, the criterion should be the gross added value per ha in order to favor an active employment policy) but also to avoid the dogmatisms of political ideologies. We therefore propose a new legal framework for the farm, a «personal liability firm» where a good part of the solidarity charges could be included in the tax system. Now that the farming universe is opening up towards the rest of the economy, it would be a good thing to reconcile its legal and fiscal framework with that of the other social categories. The limits to this solidarity are undoubtedly both sociological and economic : the approach consisting in increasing intra­agricultural levies in order to solve present difficulties means to maintain a kind of social discrimination towards agriculture by keeping it secluded form the rest of the economy. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 152 Number: 349974 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349974 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349974/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2916.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349974 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Title: L'hérédité sociale en agriculture : l'origine sociale des petits paysans Abstract: In the society as a whole, social inequalities have a high probability of reproduction from one generation to the next ; what is the situation in agriculture ? Without being able to make a complete study of the relationships between social origin and social destination, we have attempted to find out to what extent the small farmers are sons or sons-in-law of small farmers, on the basis of a survey carried out in Brittany, in 1976. Method problems are first discussed. Within our conceptual framework, the sons'or daughters'social positions appear partly dependent of the position of fathers and fathers-in-law, even if there are many cases where the destination does not correspond to the origin. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 152 Number: 349975 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349975 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349975/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2917.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349975 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grignon, Claude Title: Professionnalisation et transformation de la hiérarchie sociale des agriculteurs Abstract: Specialisation and professionalisation, which can be considered as main features of agricultural modernisation, are not merely economical and technical changes. Specialisation is associated with the division and social hierarchy of tasks and knowledge wich consecrate the dominance of technical culture upon peasant's skill culture. In the same way the professional farmer is not only - and ultimately not necessarily - he who keeps in the avant-garde of technical progress, he is foremost someone who is part of the «profession». The professionalisation of the occupation makes sense only in relation to the transformation of those criteria of competence and selection linked to the withering away of traditional social structures and the rise of professional organisations. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 152 Number: 349976 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349976 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349976/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2918.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349976 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rémy, Jacques Title: Distinction, promotion, sélection des agriculteurs sarthois : le rôle des organismes de développement Abstract: The role of the farm organizations in the french department of the Sarthe - Farm organizations and their extension services have played a crucial role in creating and promoting the «good farmer». A social class of farmers characterized both by their economic and technical dynamism and by new cultural activities has thus been molded. Other strata of the farm population are more reluctant to adopt production methods which upset not only economic and technical habits but also social patterns. This is why further extension of this development model is hampered. Farmers and the extension machinery they direct are overcommitted to the more intensive forms of production. This prevents them from promoting less rigid systems for farmers with other norms and aspirations. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 152 Number: 349977 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349977 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349977/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2919.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349977 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Inégalités et solidarités en agriculture. Signification d'un débat Abstract: Inequalities and solidarity in agriculture the significance of the debate - No branch of activity ever pointed out their internal inequalities more vigorously ! And no internal inequalities were ever so stimatized by their environment ! The explanation of this phenomenon may be found in the concept of the family farm, in the hereditary character of these inequalities or the responsibility of the price-fixing policy, in the impossibility to claim a parity with other branches without reducing internal disparities first. Yet, however great the disparities, farmers do not regard them as contrary to a unified vision of the farming universe. Generally speaking, in a period of structural changes it seems more important to secure equal chances than to attempt an equalization of situations. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 152 Number: 349978 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349978 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349978/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2920.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349978 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Anne-Marie Crolais. — L'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 152 Number: 349979 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349979 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349979/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2921_t1_0074_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349979 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Takekazy Ogura. — Can Japanese agriculture survive ? A historical approach. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 152 Number: 349980 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349980 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349980/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2921_t1_0074_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349980 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Title: Gilles Allaire, Michel Blanc. — Politiques agricoles et paysanneries Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 152 Number: 349981 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349981 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349981/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2921_t1_0075_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349981 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: J. Gadant - La forêt et le bois en France. Notes et études documentaires Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 152 Number: 349982 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349982 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349982/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_152_1_2921_t1_0076_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349982 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hairy, Denis Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Author-Name: Foulhouze, I. Title: Prix du lait et systèmes de production : à propos de quelques alternatives de politique laitière Abstract: In order to limit the growth of milk supply in Europe, and also to reorientate the trends in technical development, many recent proposals have been based on a change in the milk pricing system. The authors have studied the possible consequences of alternative milk pricing policies on a sample of milk farms in the west of France, and in the EEC. They show that no formula is capable of obtaining both supply control and substantial redistribution of farmer's income. There is no miracle answer within the pricing system alone : it must be integrated into a general policy. Keywords: Industrial Organization, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 153 Number: 349983 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349983 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349983/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2922.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349983 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dufour, Jean-Claude Title: Le pré-traitement de l'information et la compréhension de l'information nutritionnelle par le consommateur Abstract: Our research shows that food consumers are not overloaded in their initial information process even with an information load superior to 6 « bits». Therefore, we found an important difference between the information preferred and the information perceived by consumers. After one observation, consumers memorized around 15,9 % of all the data presented and increased that proportion to 36,9 % after a second viewing. Finally, we think that from a normative and cognitive approach to the comprehension of nutrition labeling, the concept of pre-processed information can be a possible solution. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 153 Number: 349984 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349984 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349984/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2923.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349984 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mevellec, Pierre Author-Name: Labbe, Robert Title: Analyse financière de la croissance d'une coopérative laitière 1965-1980 Abstract: The financial management may be the place where the conflicts between the two poles of the copperative organisation (the association and the enterprise), arise with more evidence. This monography studies during 15 years, how the resources fullfit the financial needs in a small dairy coop. The subcription of share capital, and the self financing behavior of the coop are also studied. And the authors tried to make clear that a specific financial management can exist in cooperative organisations, especially in these two fields. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 153 Number: 349985 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349985 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349985/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2924.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349985 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lefevre, Didier Title: Le champagne - Vers un autre partage de la valeur ajoutée entre agents ? Abstract: Champagne is the wine-growing region which, due to the nature of its product is the best organised. However, the organisation, established between 1935 and 1957, has started to grow old. Since its founding, Champagne has been one of the most rapidly growing of the french wine-growing districts. This growth created a change, between the wine-grower and wine merchant and has had a double effect : —Firstly, during the part 20 years there has been a slow transfert of «added value» from the merchants to the growers. —Secondly, and as a consequence, there has been a prowing unrest between the two partners that has created a déstabilisation of the Champagne markets and a disruption of interprofessional relations. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 153 Number: 349986 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349986 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349986/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2925.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349986 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Title: Revenu, consommation, épargne des familles agricoles et conditions de reproduction de la force de travail et des moyens de production sur les exploitations selon leur dimension économique Abstract: By connecting different national statistics, the author gives an assessment of the income, consumption and savings of the farmers, in 1970, according to the size of the farms. He shows how thas disparities of consumption and savings can be understood fondamentaly as a differentiated reproduction of the labour-power and means of production, on the farms. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Agricultural Finance Volume: 153 Number: 349987 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349987 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349987/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2926.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349987 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delahaye, Olivier Title: Système foncier et politique agricole au Venezuela Abstract: The land property system in Venezuela is determinated by the consequences in the agriculture of the rush of the oil rent at the beginning of the century. This rent canceled the importance of the agriculture for the prevailing sectors. Traditional farms (big and small) are modified very deeply. Appears one modern family farm without roots in the agrarian history of Venezuela. It developed through invasion of the publics lands, according to a current process in Venezuela since the conquest : the illegal ocupation followed by a regula- rization. Actually the agrarian reform is one of the most important elements of the consolidation of the modern average family farm. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 153 Number: 349988 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349988 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349988/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2927.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349988 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berlan, Jean-Pierre Title: L'agriculture méditerranéenne de la France : dynamique et contradictions. Théorie du marché du travail Abstract: Intensive crops in our definition require a large amount of work per acre and a very skewed distribution of this work during the year, harvest being in general the crucial operation of a cycle of production since it requires more than half of the total annual workload over a very short period of time. If initially most crops were intensive according to this definition, thanks to mechanical advances, intensive crops are largely limited now to fruit and vegetable production which tend to be located in southern Europe. But the problems of «Mediterranean agriculture» are almost never studied from the point of view of the specific labor market they imply, sun and water being generally considered as the most important factors of production. We hold the view that this type of crops imply the emergence of a specific labor market from which all the fixed costs have been eliminated. Briefly stated the argument runs along the following lines : Harvest appears as a random operation since : - the quantities to be harvested are random and unknown until the last moment (an hail storm may destroy the crop at any time) - the moment of harvest varies widely. Since the work to be done is proportional to the quantities to be harvested (a reasonable assumption) the labor force for harvest must be immediately available in much larger number than usually necessary. Moreover, since a harvest in the barn is always worth more than in the fields, shortening the length of harvest is always profitable. This means using more workers than would be usually necessary, and it is possible only if the harvest costs are totally disconnected from the number of harvest hands. At a microeconomic level, piece rate appears as the ideal solution and at a microeconomic level, the labor market must be such that there exist always more workers available than would be necessary under the worst economic or weather conditions. Work instability and partial employement even at peak employment time are built in consequences. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 153 Number: 349989 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349989 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349989/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2928.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349989 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquart, Dominique Title: L'industrialisation de la filière viande bovine Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 153 Number: 349990 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349990 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349990/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2930.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349990 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bignon, R. Title: Lettre au directeur de la revue Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 153 Number: 349991 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349991 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349991/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2933.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349991 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Un libéralisme qui pourrait nous coûter cher Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 153 Number: 349992 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349992 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349992/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2934.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349992 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: Notre rente verte s'empourprerait-elle ? Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 153 Number: 349993 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349993 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349993/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2935.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349993 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubois, Alain Title: Réponse de l'auteur Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 153 Number: 349994 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349994 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349994/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2936.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349994 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubois, Alain Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 153 Number: 349995 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349995 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349995/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_2937.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349995 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: François Houillier. - Structures foncières et exploitations agricoles. La Documentation Française. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 153 Number: 349996 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349996 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349996/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_4967_t1_0066_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349996 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Denis Barthelemy. - Propriété foncière et fonds-entreprise. La production du capital foncier en agriculture Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 153 Number: 349997 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349997 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349997/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_4967_t1_0067_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349997 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Jean-Louis Guigou. - La rente foncière Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 153 Number: 349998 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349998 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349998/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_4967_t1_0068_0000_5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349998 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Denis Bergmann. - Les facteurs qui influencent la propriété, l'affermage, la mobilité et l'utilisation des terres agricoles Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 153 Number: 349999 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349999 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/349999/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_4967_t1_0069_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:349999 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Andafar - Le répertoire de la valeur des terres Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 153 Number: 350000 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350000 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350000/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_4967_t1_0070_0000_6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350000 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bernard Fort. - Le patrimoine professionnel agricole et sa transmission. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 153 Number: 350001 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350001 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350001/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_4967_t1_0070_0000_9.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350001 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Violette Rey. - Besoin de terre des agriculteurs Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 153 Number: 350002 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350002 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350002/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_153_1_4967_t1_0071_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350002 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, François Title: Alimentation et aliments Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 154 Number: 350003 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350003 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350003/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2939.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350003 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chambolle, Claire Title: La prise en compte de l'alimentation par les organisations de consommateurs Abstract: After stressing the cultural and political scope of food consumption, the author examines the present preoccupations of consumers as they are expressed through consumer organizations. Security appears as a major concern ; beside toxicological problems, the interest in nutrition increases. In quality matters, attention is focused on the factors which lead to a deterioration especially in aroma and on the role of regulations. A better knowledge of price fixing is also wanted as well as of the « cost of quality » which should not necessarily lead to a price increase. A better information of consumers which enables them to practice their discernment requires a continued effort to oppose secrecy and misinformation. The author examines the possible convergency between consumer defence and that of workers and of environment, and then stresses a new claim put forth by consumers : to become active partners in the definition of a food policy. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 154 Number: 350004 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350004 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350004/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2940.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350004 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Causeret, François Title: Prise en compte des problèmes de l'alimentation par la recherche Abstract: The author first examines how food problems could be taken into account by the research institutions for farm and food products, in particular (a) the knowledge and analysis of different human requirements and behaviour patterns, (b) the study of food characteristics related to these requirements. The potential of French research is then presented and its positive aspects as well as its shortcomings are evaluated. The conclusion is drawn that research in the field of farm and food products should be « integrated », combining technological and economic aspects with nutritional and socio-economic considerations. It could thus become one of the pillars of a food policy aiming at improving the quality of life and promoting French products on national and international markets. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 154 Number: 350005 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350005 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350005/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2941.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350005 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boulet, Daniel Author-Name: Laporte, Jean-Pierre Title: Un exemple d'analyse économique des comportements alimentaires : le vin et les boissons de table Abstract: The analysis of food consumption by economists remains limited. An interdisciplinary approach would certainly be more appropriate to understand food consuming habits. A study in progress on wine consumption although it has been carried out by economists alone, has tried to bring out the various elements of this consumption, which seems declining on the whole. Its structure in terms of space, time, family group, circumstances, has enabled to oppose a « functional- profile» (daily consumption with meals, to quench thirst) and a « pleasure-profile » (occasional consumption, with a convivial character). Thus, the dynamics of consumption in France seems on the whole to build up through the relative evolution of consumer groups in regard to these two profiles. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 154 Number: 350006 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350006 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350006/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2942.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lassaut, Bernard Author-Name: Sylvander, Bertil Title: Rôle des caractéristiques qualitatives des aliments dans l'évolution des consommations alimentaires : quelques analyses de cas Abstract: Since the 1960-ties, the evolution of the farm and food sector has been marked by a diversification of the marketed products and their characteristics. The impact of this diversification on the dynamics of the sector through market and consumption is not as obvious as it may seem. The mecanisms are not yet concretely analysed nor even completely accounted for. The object of this paper is to propose an analysis of four different food items the characteristics of which have known an important diversification during the last twenty years. This situation has led to internal substitutions between the products (beef, ham, poultry and milk). Our four examples show how quality considerations lead to a better understanding of the evolution of production and consumption structures. The result of a posteriori analyses based on price-quantity correlations can thus be completed or influenced by taking these substitution phenomena into account from the initial stage. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 154 Number: 350007 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350007 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350007/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2943.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350007 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hy, Michel Author-Name: Nicolas, François Title: Pour une définition des commerces et des marchés alimentaires Abstract: The food markets and trade are economic activities which concern only food products directly intended for consumers. They thus differ from similar activities concerning farm products. The definitions given here of the market, the distribution and trade lead us to examine the problems of market structure in the food trade. The analysis of the food market shows that there are three different levels at the market stage and several distribution channels. A classification of the channels is proposed : direct or integrated channels, short or semi-integrated channels and long non-integrated channels. Is there an actual trend towards shorter channels, towards a « rationalization » ? No precise answer is given to this question but an approach is proposed to estimate trade volumes. One of the originalities of this paper is to stress the role played by wholesale markets in the food trade. The evolution of wholesale activities is analysed in the framework of wholesale distribution and markets. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 154 Number: 350008 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350008 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350008/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2944.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350008 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Calvo, Manuel Title: Des pratiques alimentaires Abstract: The study of food habits is extremely complex. Three main elements are part of this study which are so closely interrelated that it is difficult to sort out their origins andtheir level of action : food practices, thefood production system and the « style » of food consumption. Food habits and food « styles » are the result of forces working in different directions. Our paper is intended to review the developments and results of research on economic and social dynamics in the field of food consumption which still appears as a rather unexplored sector but it offers similar difficulties to those of other sectors. Different axiological principles, methodologies and techniques are used to analyse food habits. Often, these analyses follow general lines, methodologies and principles used in other branches of knowledge. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 154 Number: 350009 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350009 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350009/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2945.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thouvenot, Claude Title: La qualité alimentaire d'autrefois Abstract: The author looks back at the quality of the old days, a time which everyone of us experiences differently, including the historian of food customs. During the industrial era, (1800-1950) the aspects and the very notion of quality changed considerably with new living conditions, sanatory improvements and marketing modifications being the most important. During a long period, good quality was a class priviledge and food was a means of segregation. When the conditions changed and good quality products became obtainable by a larger category of consumers, the reaction of the priviledged was clearly perceptible. The question is whether present conceptions of quality are not to a certain extent turning back to « what used to be ». Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 154 Number: 350010 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350010 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350010/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2946.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350010 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lifran, Robert Title: Viticulteurs et vignobles français face à l'avenir Abstract: The main target of this article is to describe the various adaptation strategies of the economic agents involved and to predict their consequences on the dynamics in the French wine sector. The various social relationships existing in the French wine sector and the evolution of national and international competition are analysed. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 154 Number: 350011 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350011 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350011/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2947.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350011 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lauret, Frédéric Title: Où va l'horticulture française ? Abstract: Horticulture, in the large meaning (fruit-growing, vegetables, nurseries, flowers and ornemental plants) represents 15% of the farm production value and 25 % of the employment in agriculture. Heterogeneity of structures and performances answers to the diversity of products, markets and technics. Since 1950, this industry, as a whole, registered a large increasing related to technical progress and consumption growth. In the meantime, large changes occured in the nature, the location and the forms of the production. Since about 1 965, as a result of the progressive enlargement of the market to the european space,, a strong international competition occured. This evolution seems to be going in the frame of a progressive european economic integration. This paper gives probably a too simple view of the recent evolution but brings us some lights concerning the out look of horticulture in France. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 154 Number: 350012 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350012/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2948.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350012 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: La forêt dans l'économie rurale Abstract: This article is a attempt to consider forest land and production as a part of rural local economies. While evolution has in the past tended to segregate forest and agriculture and other activies and to weaken the ties between forest and rural population, one can observe a reverse trend these recent years (in terms of policy aims at least). Forest appears more and more as an element of rural space. They cannot live ecologicaly and economically as well without being integrated in the spatial and social system in which they are physically included. These remarks and hypotheses are followed by suggestions for developping research along two lines: (i) wood and forest sector-analysis in the regional context : (ii) system analysis of the interconnections between different space consuming activities at the local level (spatial and social). Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 154 Number: 350013 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350013/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2949.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350013 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schaller, B. Title: Eléments pour une analyse des perspectives d'évolution de l'aviculture française Abstract: Technical conditions and production systems are generally thought to follow the same evolution. Therefore, in the case of poultry farming, the generalization of « modern » production techniques should rapidly have led to a homogénéisation of production systems which in France would mean that structures should be transformed in the sense of a drastic farm concentration. In fact, the technical and economic characteristics of this production make it adaptable to all scales and to a wide range of production systems. Furthermore, management methods and the economic regulation of the branch explain why this production is likely to remain within the framework of the family farm according to the same trend as previously. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 154 Number: 350014 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350014/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2950.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chominot, Albert Author-Name: Jacquet, Florence Title: Conditions économiques et perspectives de la production de blé aux USA Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 154 Number: 350015 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350015/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2951.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350015 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 154 Number: 350016 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350016/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_2952.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350016 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Raymond Louis. - Les coopératives de main-d'œuvre : déclin ou relance ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 154 Number: 350017 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350017/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_154_1_4903_t1_0081_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bentolila, M. Title: Où va l'agriculture française ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 155 Number: 350018 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350018/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2954.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350018 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lesourne, Jacques Title: Où va l'économie mondiale ? Abstract: This article intends to give a concise intermediate and long term view of the world economy. The author first states the recent major changes in the industrialized societies (an international economic system becoming more and more multipolar and interdépendant, a strengthening of the internal social oligopoly, an evolution of aspirations, technological change), examines the major economic problems on an international level over the next ten years (energy, international levels of indebtment, currency instabilities, intensified industrial competition, differentiation of developing countries etc.) and then analyses internal challenges to economic policies (macroeconomic or microeconomic policies reforms of the Welfare State) and finally outlines a few scenarios of breakdown and continuity. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 155 Number: 350019 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350019/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2955.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350019 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: La France dans la prospective alimentaire mondiale Abstract: The major part of the World population suffers from undernourishment or inadequate food diets and many live in a state of permanent starvation. In most developing countries, an increase of farm production is possible but richer countries will still have to maintain a substantial food aid during the transition period which is likely to last for some time. Now, the French farm potential is not fully utilized and could be adapted to the needs of developing countries. The wheat acreages could substitute grassland on some two and a half million acres, the loss of which could be compensated by an intensification of feed crops. However, the difficulties of implementing such a policy must not be overlooked. Keywords: Food Security and Poverty Volume: 155 Number: 350020 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350020 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350020/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2956.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350020 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rattin, Solange Author-Name: Labat, Philippe Title: Perspectives démographiques et foncières Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 155 Number: 350021 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350021 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350021/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2957.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350021 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brisson, Annie Title: Les installations : diversité actuelle et perspectives Abstract: No statistics directly indicate the number of young farmers entering agriculture in France. The survey carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture based on data from farm credit cooperatives has provided figures on these establishments and shows their complexity : different age groups, types of farms and general conditions. Between 1975and 1978, 15 000 out of 37 000 new farmers per year were young farmers subsidised by the state; 7000 had a second activity and 8 000 were mescellaneous (inheritance between husband and wife, pensioner Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 155 Number: 350022 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350022 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350022/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2958.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350022 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jauneau, Jean-Claude Title: Installations et systèmes de production en zones de montagne Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 155 Number: 350023 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350023 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350023/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2959.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350023 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madec, Anne Title: Evolution des structures familiales en agriculture Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 155 Number: 350024 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350024 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350024/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2960.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350024 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tirel, Jean-Claude Title: Le débat sur le productivisme Abstract: This debate bears on the analysis of the development process in French agriculture since the end of the 1950-ties. The socioeconomic situation which was drastically changed by the crisis may not allow a process where a more and more expensive and scarse capital continues to drive farm labour towards sectors with severe unemployment. The main issues of the debate are : the capital necessary for a « productivistic » system, the marginalisation of certain areas, the expansion of production structures, the intensification of animal production (especially dairying) and plant production through biological progress... the impact of national and international outlets on production systems and the deference of farm incomes, the farmers' claims to better living and working conditions, less foreign dépendance of the food and farm industry... On an aggregate level, the objectives appear inconsistent. In fact, it is the coherent choice of ways and means which will settle point by point the debate on « productivism ». Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 155 Number: 350025 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350025 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350025/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2961.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350025 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coujard, Jean-Louis Title: La dynamique des structures et systèmes de production : une vue rétrospective et prospective Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 155 Number: 350026 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350026 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350026/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2962.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350026 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonny, Sylvie Author-Name: Le Pape, Yves Title: L'agriculture biologique : une solution pour quels agriculteurs Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 155 Number: 350027 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350027 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350027/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2963.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350027 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Wilde, Robert Title: L'organisation économique des producteurs Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 155 Number: 350028 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350028 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350028/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2964.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350028 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Author-Name: Maillard, Laurent Title: L'agriculture péri-urbaine, lieu privilégié d'expérimentation sociale Abstract: Since the Second World War, the suburban areas have been profoundly modified. This is where new housing zones with numerous service institutions have been located and have brought about an outmigration of the population from the city centers. These newcomers get on more or less smoothly with the local population : in spite of expropriations and urbanization, the farmers find the occasion here to invent new forms of production and marketing. Their production systems are very different. Agribusiness systems established on large premises are created. In the green belts of the cities, the consumers draw nearer the farmers on an economic, social and political level. It's a human experimentation which is developing. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 155 Number: 350029 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350029 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350029/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2965.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350029 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pétry, Michel Author-Name: Pollina, Lucien Title: Projections agricole à moyen terme: éléments de réflexion sur des méthodes empiriques Abstract: Within the framework of the work of the Ministry of Planning, the INSEE regularly prepares agricultural projections in the medium term. The empirical methods of the projections, briefly described here, lead to results that it is then interesting to compare to real performance (for instance, projections into 1980, carried out in 1974). Furthermore, they give the main data which allow agriculture to be integrated into the macro-economic models of the INSEE. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 155 Number: 350030 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350030 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350030/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_4906.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350030 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Broussolle, Claude Author-Name: Daucé, Pierre Author-Name: Houée, Paul Author-Name: Mouchet, Claude Author-Name: Poupa, Jean-Claude Title: Scénarios pour l'agriculture bretonne (1980-2000). Etude de prospective régionale Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 155 Number: 350031 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350031 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350031/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2968.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350031 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Gasquet, O. Title: Evolution du débouché communautaire Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 155 Number: 350032 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350032 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350032/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2970.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350032 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albecker, C. Author-Name: Bedoucha, L. Author-Name: Lefebvre, Claude Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Author-Name: Rini, Gilbert Title: Le modèle à moyen terme de l'agriculture française Abstract: Several results can be drawn from a comparison between the prospects, made during the sixties, about the transformation of French agriculture and the actual situation around 1980. First, it is confirmed that, concerning the factors provided with a heavy inertia, the expectations have been quite well achieved. On the other side, as for the factors more flexible, we find either a combination of converging results and gaps (technical progress, structures of farms) or large differences (relations with the inputs sectors and with the processing and marketing sectors). In addition, some phenomenons, on beginning at the time of the previsions, are not quoted by the various authors : specialization of farm systems, opposition to the «productivist» model, part-time farming. Lastly, the authors did not develop enough alternative outlooks and they neglected too much the insertion of agriculture in the whole economy. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 155 Number: 350033 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350033 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350033/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2971.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350033 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Claude Title: La démarche prospective à la lumière des faits Abstract: How will the new agricultural planning defined by the French government be applied to the farm sector ? In theory, planning in the farm sector is both easier and harder than in other sectors. Concretely, problems relating to application methods but more especially to main orientations arise in agriculture at the elaboration of the 9 th Plan. How will the true problems in French agriculture be dealt with by the 9 th Plan ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 155 Number: 350034 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350034 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350034/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2972.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350034 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Roy, Pierre Title: Planification et agriculture Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 155 Number: 350035 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350035 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350035/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2973.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350035 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greffe, Xavier Title: L'agriculture dans la nouvelle planification Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 155 Number: 350036 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350036 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350036/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_4907.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350036 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Title: Où va l'agriculture française ? Questions et débats Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 155 Number: 350037 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350037 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350037/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2975.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350037 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 155 Number: 350038 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350038 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350038/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_2976.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350038 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: — N. Mathieu et L. Velard. — Spécificités et tendances d'évolution, une approche sectorielle et régionale Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 155 Number: 350039 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350039 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350039/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_155_1_4966_t1_0074_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350039 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahrens, Heinz Author-Name: von Urff, Winfried Author-Name: Weinmuller, Egon Title: Conséquences de la politique agricole commune sur les pays en voie de développement Abstract: On the basis of theoretical models and statistical material on the EEC's foreign trade, the authors analyse the relative development of the EEC's agricultural imports from developing countries, as compared to that of agricultural imports from developed third countries. They show how the Common Agricultural Policy and the trade policies derived from it (system of variable levies and customs duties, existence or non-existence of trade preferences) and other determinants (export subsidies by exporting countries, growth of demand within the EEC) work together to « generate » the specific trends of developing countries' agricultural exports to the EEC. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development Volume: 156 Number: 350040 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350040 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350040/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2978.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350040 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Warley, T.K. Author-Name: Surry, Yves Title: Echanges commerciaux de produits agricoles : conflits et compromis Abstract: The open and rule-oriented world agricultural trading system is deteriorating due to the recession and its embodied weaknesses. The patterns of trade flows are mainly influenced by state policies and the Kennedy Round and Tokyo Round Negotiations have failed to make agricultural trade more liberal. Both GATT and OECD Secretariats are carrying studies that may clarify the issues for future negotiations. The current pressure for change comes from US discontent with its world agricultural trade and the EC policy is caught under fire. The types of measure able to alleviate the disputes and help solving some of the Agricultural trade problems are reviewed. The agricultural economics profession should feel concerned with developping analyses, theoretical and empirical, so that negotiators are better informed. National policies are most important for agricultural trade and domestic farm programs need to be scrutinized. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 156 Number: 350041 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350041 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350041/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2979.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350041 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debois, J.-M. Title: Le partage de l'instabilité et les échanges mondiaux. Une méthode d'analyse et son application au blé, aux céréales secondaires et au sucre Abstract: This article analyses the instability observed in the world wheat, coarse grains and sugar economies in the seventies. By means of a decomposition method, the dissemination of domestic production instability into internal utilization adjustment (absorption) and trade variation (rejection) is first assessed for selected countries. Applied at the world level, such a decomposition permits next to evaluate the relative share taken by thesame countries in the burden of world-pooled production instability. Unlike most studies dealing with world price stabilization, the analysis shows no systematic relationship between the extent of domestic absorption of national production instability and the sharing of world production instability or, conversely, between domestic burdenshifting and international destabilization. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 156 Number: 350042 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350042 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350042/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2980.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350042 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: L'adaptation de l'agriculture de la RDA aux matériels à grand rendement : facilités mécaniques, difficultés agronomiques Abstract: Mechanical relief raising agronomic problems. In the 1970-ties, the development of cooperation between farms at the production level resulted in a farm restructuration. Large-scale farms were generalized all over the country. Spreading of chemicals and part of the heavy transports were taken over by specialized firms. The question raised in this article is whether this new organization is able to conciliate the two officially announced targets of industrialization and intensifying agriculture. The first part of our article describes recent stagnations in cereal yields per ha and earlier in root crop yields per ha and also the increased imports of cereals as animal feed. The second part shows the importance of full-time use of equipments in the constitution of large-scale firms and analyses the resulting contradictions both for labour employment and for soil fertility. Agriculture appears dominated by an industry which within the COMECON tends to devote an increasing part of its activity to large-scale equipments. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 156 Number: 350043 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350043 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350043/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2981.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350043 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Judez, L. Author-Name: Garcia-Velazquez, A. Title: Analyse comparative des structures d'un groupe de régions à orientation céréalière en Espagne, France, Grèce, Italie et Portugal Abstract: A comparative analysis of agricultural structures in areas of Spain, France, Greece, Italy and Portugal In this article, the authors present a comparative analysis of agricultural structures in areas of Spain, France, Greece, Italy and Portugal, which have been classed in a previous study as being concerned mainly with cereal crops. This comparison aims at detecting the factors which seem likely to explain for the prevailing differences in labour efficiency in these areas. The type of analysis used is the multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis). Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 156 Number: 350044 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350044 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350044/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2982.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350044 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Léon, Yves Title: Les cultures vivrières et le problème alimentaire de la Côte d'Ivoire Abstract: Ivory Coast must now face the problem of food self-sufficiency. With steady urbanization, growth of personal income, low price for rice take place new food consumption habits. The most important result of that situation is the rapid rate of increase of cereals importations. On the other hand, foodcrops do not grow at the same rate because they are not up to now seriously supported by the government (stagnant productivity, lackness of attractive and stable prices). Finally private marketing channels perform well enough, but their means are not really adequate and shorten their efficiency. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 156 Number: 350045 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350045 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350045/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2983.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350045 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laplacette, Y. Title: Les exportations françaises de viandes de volaille. Etude économétrique Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade Volume: 156 Number: 350046 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350046 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350046/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2985.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350046 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: A propos d'une publication récente de M. Azouvi sur les échanges extérieurs agro-alimentaires Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 156 Number: 350047 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350047 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350047/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2987.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350047 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Title: La modernisation des exploitations familiales en France et en Pologne : portée et limites des analogies Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 156 Number: 350048 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350048 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350048/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2988.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350048 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Title: Surplus de productivité et transferts de valeur en agriculture Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 156 Number: 350049 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350049 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350049/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2989.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350049 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 156 Number: 350050 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350050 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350050/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_2990.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350050 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Lawrence Busch et William B. Lacy. — Science, Agriculture and the Politics of Research Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 156 Number: 350051 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350051 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350051/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_4965_t1_0068_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350051 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Alice Barthez. — Famille, travail et agriculture Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 156 Number: 350052 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350052 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350052/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_4965_t1_0069_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350052 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: A. Michel, A. Fatoumata-Diarra, H. Agbessi- Dos Santos, Femmes et multinationales Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 156 Number: 350053 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350053 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350053/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_4965_t1_0070_0000_5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350053 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: L'exploitation universelle des femmes - Un livre d'Ester Boserup Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 156 Number: 350054 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350054 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350054/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_156_1_4965_t1_0070_0000_7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350054 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Présentation Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 157 Number: 350055 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350055 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350055/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_2992.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350055 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Title: L'économétrie en tant que discipline Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 157 Number: 350056 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350056 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350056/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_2993.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350056 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubos, Jean Title: Les études économétriques appliquées au secteur agricole en France dans les décennies 1930 à 1960 Abstract: Econometric research made from the thirties to the sixties gave a double result. First, in the field of collective behaviour, it stated precisely the way in which farmers assess economic consequences of their decisions. It confirmed King effect which is linked to a market saturation and induced by flexible farm prices. Henceforth these concepts are clear. Second, in the field of forecasting, proposed models demonstrated the influence of various factors (output fluctuations, stock and foreign trade) on farm prices, specially for wine production. Otherwise demand functions taking into account retail prices were considered. For cereals the effects of the ouput and prices of the previous year, on acreages and yields of the current year were estimated by using regression equations. These first investigations open the way to modern research in econometrics. It does not give up « classical » methods although it can now use new techniques. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 157 Number: 350057 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350057 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350057/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_2994.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350057 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rainelli, Pierre Title: Apports et limites de l'analyse des données Abstract: Exploratory data analysis applied to social sciences has become fashionable in France during the seventies. Three facts seem to have worked in that way : the advances in computing art, the relative indifference toward probability criteria for inference, and the flexibility of application. The latter may be somewhat risky because the success of the approach depends on the knowledge and ability of the investigator. As any descriptive statistical method, data analysis precedes the procedures of formal statistical inference. Actual economic examples based oh correspondence analysis and cluster analysis are used for illustrative purposes. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 157 Number: 350058 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350058 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350058/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_2995.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350058 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Title: La démarche économétrique : principes et difficultés illustrés à partir d'un exemple Abstract: This article is based on a real world example from regional economics. It is a mathematical presentation of the principles of econometric theory. Its objective is to acquaint readers with a simple mathematical training. Regression is used throughout the text to demonstrate the points made. Model development is stressed early on. There is also a discussion of least squares fitting. Special emphasis is put on model evaluation : how well do the coefficient estimates conform to a priori expectations ? Are the signs and magnitude "Correct" ? Are the coefficients different from zero ? The consequence of multicollinearity and the effects of various specification errors are discussed in detail. A final section is devoted to covariance analysis and dummy variable technique. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 157 Number: 350059 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350059 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350059/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_2996.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350059 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David, M. Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Author-Name: Rainelli, Pierre Title: Introduction au traitement des séries chronologiques Abstract: The objective of this paper is to survey recent progresses in the analysis of economic time series. It is a difficult task because this analysis involves sophisticated mathematical materials. Therefore examples are used to highlight the relevant economical and statistical aspects. The first section is devoted to seasonal adjustment. After an appraisal of techniques the X1 1 algorithm is used to estimate the monthly component of a long time series which concerns wheat supply during the nineteenth century. In a second section, the example of wheat market helps us to present the spectral representation of a stationary time series. Cospectral analysis is used to compare the structure of serial dépendance of quantity and price series. An interpretation of the results based on general historical arguments is proposed. The final section consists in an insignt of the procedure of Box and Jenkins for modelling series. It is illustrated by a problem of fisheries economics. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 157 Number: 350060 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350060 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350060/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_2997.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350060 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: L'élasticité de l'offre de lait par rapport au prix dans la CEE Abstract: In order to set up a sound agricultural policy, at least an order of magnitude for the milk supply response to price is needed. For instance, a negative milk price supply elasticity would make irrelevant any policy designed to cut back the oversupply through a decline in prices. But estimating this elasticity is not easy. Various methods have been applied recently in each of the main EEC member states : aggregating the results of linear programming models for typical farms, estimating different kinds of production functions, using regression analysis. None of them is fully satisfactory. Results are highly method dependent, and, therefore, not reliable. However, there is evidence that the elasticity is always positive, and significantly higher for some countries (such as Italy) than for others (such as the Netherlands). Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 157 Number: 350061 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350061 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350061/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_2998.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350061 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Author-Name: Albecker, C. Author-Name: Lefebvre, Claude Title: Une représentation macroéconomique de l'agriculture française : Maalt (projections 1990 et variantes) Abstract: An econometric model of the French agricultural sector was estimated at the aggregate level over the 1959-1982 period. It explains investment, labor force, capital, purchases and final product. Labor productivity and income indicators are derived (using value added). The estimation procedure used econometric techniques for the factor derived demand equations. The production function is a Cobb Douglas with elasticities set at the observed leveJ of factor shares in the seventies. Projections to the 1990 horizon were made under various assumptions of farm prices and input costs. For the base run reasonnably optimist price changes were chosen. However they lead to a slow down for aggregate product, investment and farm purchases growth. Similarly the labor force decreases at slightly slower rate. The income per head indicator is the only one to grow at a rate comparable to the seventies. Simulation runs showed the sensitivity of the endogenous variables, particularly income per head to farm prices and input costs (except for labor force). Retrospective simulation runs were performed in order to give an overall estimation of the consequences of the crisis on the farm sector. They appear to be quite large as expected, and they have been aggravated by the negative MCA's. The productive capacity of the sector seems to have been undermined by the sluggish economy and the future of the sector turns out to depend more on macroeconomic policies than on strictly agricultural policies. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 157 Number: 350062 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350062 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350062/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_2999.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350062 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Author-Name: Maamoun, M. Title: Contraintes météorologiques du travail agricole - Jours disponibles pour les travaux des champs en Ile-de-de France Abstract: How many days are in fact available for field work in a crop year when weather conditions are taken into account ? The answer to this question determines the necessary capacities in manpower and machines. The estimation of "available days" per work period is necessary in order to adjust labour, machines and production. However, we are unable to forecast precisely the number of available days as we can't forecast the weather conditions beyond a time period of five days. Consequently we have to rely on an indirect estimation based on the extrapolation of observed time series. A statistical model of the relationships between the number of days available for field work and rainfall based on the daily observations by nine farmers between 1971 and 1976 has been elaborated. By applying these relationships to the series of observations from the meteorological weather stations of the "Ile-de-France" area (1949- 1977) it was possible to determine the number of available days with a high probability for the most important field works for any year. In the first part of our paper we explain the methods of determining the available days. Two periods are defined : the "agronomic period" and the "economic period". The statistical model derived from the observations is accounted for in the second part. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 157 Number: 350063 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350063 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350063/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_3000.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350063 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Poupa, Jean-Claude Title: Quelle informatique pour l'économétrie ? Abstract: The art and science of econometrics needs an important set of statistical and numerical methods. Some of them are specific to the particular field of econometrics. This paper emphasizes several packages. Choosing among them is a difficult task. Therefore we are giving some guidelines. An other important question regards data banks. We are presenting a specific package specially designed for linking economic data with econometric programs. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 157 Number: 350064 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350064 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350064/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_3001.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350064 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Author-Name: Chevalier, M.Y. Author-Name: David, M. Author-Name: Foulhouze, I. Title: Éléments de bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 157 Number: 350065 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350065 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350065/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_157_1_3002.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350065 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Claude Title: Présentation Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 158 Number: 350066 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350066 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350066/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3004.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350066 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Claude Title: Les innovations porteuses d'avenir Abstract: A rapid review of the most likely potential innovations, for the fifteen years coming, at the various stages of the food producing and processing system in France is attempted in this article. On these examples, it can be verified that the effects of technical progress, always favourable to the improvement of productivity at the firm level, may sometimes cause difficulties to people in charge of the agricultural policy, when they cannot avoid to generate an increase of the global volume of production for the sectors in which the solvent demand is saturated. In these cases, they can also destabilize some technical productive orientations with all the ensuing social problems. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 158 Number: 350067 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350067 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350067/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3005.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350067 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Byé, Pascal Title: Les innovations dans l'agro-fourniture : contexte et évolution Abstract: Whereas the sales of the supplyer-sector grew weaker, in most of industrialized countries, the intensification of farming production appears, today, like an important challenge for the impulse of farming demand in products of industrial origin. This challenge is good for innovation, renewal of farming production techniques, but also for the modification of strength relationships inside the supplyer-sector. So, it is not contradiction free. The growth logics followed by the different industrial actors, and so, the one they implement, are not always complementary. Contradictions coming from the priorities given by these actors to extensive or intensive models assert themselves. Innovation is, more than ever, the product of the accentuation of farming constraints and industrial changings bound to the crisis. A very illustrative example is given by the reduction of the share of mechanization and the strenghtening of fine chemistry in the orientation of agricultural techniques. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 158 Number: 350068 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350068 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350068/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3006.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350068 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berlan, Jean-Pierre Title: L'industrie des semences, économie et politique Abstract: The seed industry offers the opportunity to clarify the debates on the protection of a biological material, whether plants or microorganisms, and to bring them down from their metaphysical heights to an analytical ground. Two methods of protection have been implemented in the case of seeds : a biological way, the production of F1 hybrids, a legal and/or administrative, the breeders' rights legislation. The analytical framework developped in the article shows that heterosis or hybrid vigor is not the key variable to explain the choice of hybrid breeding and points out the multiplication rate of the species to be a more relevant variable. In the case of breeder's rights, it shows that the royalties which accrue to the breeder amount to a tax on seed producers. Consequently, breeder's rights appear to be both an inefficient and injust method of financing a breeding work. The case of the seed industry makes it possible to bring out the paradoxical nature of the specific factor of production involved in any biological process of production : the genetic information, which has no price in the two littéral meanings of the expression : an infinite and uncalculable value and no market value. Thus from an economic point of view, the attempts to patent microorganisms appear to promise much more drawbacks than advantages. Key words: Breeders'rights, hybrids, seed industry, patents protection of genetic material. Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 158 Number: 350069 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350069 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350069/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350069 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Montaigne, Etienne Title: Enjeux économiques et sociaux d'une innovation technologique dans la fîlière vitivinicole Abstract: This paper, founded on a study of concentrated must industry in the EEC, develops considerations about relations between technologic and economic changes. The recent interest about an old process and technologic changes gives informations about prospect of the wine industry evolution. We consider prohibition of sweetening unfermented wine, industrialisation of this sector and crop yield concept alteration. Finally we value favourable and unfavourable factors in order to assert our prospective assumptions. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 158 Number: 350070 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350070 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350070/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3008.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350070 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jayet, Pierre-Alain Author-Name: Sourie, Jean-Claude Title: Les valorisations énergétiques des biomasses, difficultés et promesses Abstract: Energetic valorization of biomass Energetic uses of biomass are growing very slowly. To day, in 1983, about 3,5 on 4 Millions of tons (oil equivalent) of wood and by products from wood processing industries are valorized as solid fuels. Energetic supply of others by-products like ce real -straws, animal wastes, energetic crops are not yet significant. Monetary costs, for final user, are usually important, especially when the biomass needs to be collected. Biomass transportation amplifies the costs of energy because it generates différents rents among biomass producers. It's why on farm or on firm biomass uses often are the better economic ways. Two hypothesis for biomass development may be suggested : First, a low scenario; in this case, dry biomass only, wood and straw, should be burned to satisfy thermic needs, directly on production sites or after a transportation on short distances. Secondly a high scenario which supposes technical improvements and an increase of the oil prices so that liquid fuels conversion for biomass should become realistic. In the best conditions, the whole energetic supply should not probably exceed 5 or 6 Mtoe at the end of the century. Clearly this estimation is farm from official ones presuming very strong incentives and situated about 8 or 10 Mtoe in 1990. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 158 Number: 350071 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350071 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350071/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3009.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350071 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zitt, M. Title: Un cas d'innovation: l'isoglucose Abstract: Among the post-war technological innovations in the food processing area, High Fructose Corn Syrup is an outstanding case from several points of view : economical and political issues, scientific and technical significance, complexity of the innovation process. Milestones of the historical process are reviewed. Each of three converging branches (corn syrup processing, carbohydrate isomerizing, enzyme immobilisation) displays a specific kind of logic. The innovation process scheme is compared with classical hypotheses dealing with the economic determination of technical progress: a) early economic information of the innovation process, b) positive effect of industrial concentration on innovation. First, it is argued that in this case the so-called « marked pressure » and « technological opportunity » logic, when precisely combined in typical « technological transfers », are complementary rather than antagonistic. On the second point, the history of HFCS suggests that efficiency of industrial concentration, very high in the last stages (innovation), decreases when going back to the invention stages. Then the returns on the R-D investments in the HFCS market were rewarded to individual firms while the oligopolistic structure remained unaffected. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 158 Number: 350072 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350072 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350072/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3010.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350072 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soufflet, Jean-François Title: La fîlière viande bovine, dans ses rapports avec l'élevage : types d'entreprises, concurrence, évolution à long terme Abstract: The analysis of beef marketing and cattle farming trades, and of their evolution, points out the duality between the producing system, and the marketing system. As a result of the long run evolution and of regional specificities, different kind of dealers appeared : fattener-dealers, selection-dealers, young calves-dealers..., all sorts of enterprises corresponding to needs of the farmers, which enter sometimes in conflict. In this perspective, the so-called « modernization » of the beef and cattle marketing system is essentially the rising of new form of enterprises, corresponding to the new needs of an important group of rapidly specializing breeders. But this very apparent changing must not hide another part of the reality: the whole system, and its agents, has been changing and modernizing. On account of the diversity of breeding and farming structures, the « modern » forms have not a universal value ; other forms, traditionnal but modernized, of trade have their place to day. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 158 Number: 350073 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350073 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350073/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3011.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350073 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deniel, Jacques Title: La filière porc, situation en 1982 Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 158 Number: 350074 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350074 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350074/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3012.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350074 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 158 Number: 350075 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350075 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350075/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3013.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350075 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: J.P. Bertrand, C. Laurent, V. Leclercq, Le monde du soja Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 158 Number: 350076 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350076 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350076/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_4963_t1_0068_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350076 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Le rural mort ou vif. Revue POUR, numéro spécial hors série Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 158 Number: 350077 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350077 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350077/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_4963_t1_0068_0000_5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350077 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: L'Aubrac, tome 6-2, Technique et langage 2e partie Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 158 Number: 350078 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350078 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350078/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_4963_t1_0070_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350078 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Avant propos Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 159 Number: 350079 Year: 1983 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350079 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350079/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3015.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350079 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Vulgarisation et développement, réexamen de la problématique Abstract: Introductory paper to the session. Rather than arguing on definitions, it is essential to note that extension work is a part of agricultural policy and depends on the global situation of agriculture. Since the latter has changed, reappraisal of extension is needed. A rather critical evaluation is presented : inadequate coordination, complex financing channels, poor links with teaching activities. Farmers' needs, their decision making processes, dynamics of local groups must be better taken into account for a new start. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 159 Number: 350080 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350080 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350080/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3017.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350080 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolland, Léon Title: L'histoire de la vulgarisation agricole en France avant 1966 Abstract: Agricultural advisory work is studied for each major period of French history starting in 1879 when a post of teacher of agriculture was created in each «département». These played an important part in the creation of farmer's organizations (unions, mutual insurance, cooperatives). After 1919, the creation of farm development boards in each department provided the extension services with increased means. The boards were, however, disbanded in 1935. In the dynamic period after 1945, numerous activities developed often based on group methods of extension. There were conflicts between proponents of various methods and much competition for power to control the extension machinery. The official extension officers were however side tracked in a reorganization of the ministry of Agriculture and had to accept that control of extension activities be handed over to the farm organizations. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 159 Number: 350081 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350081 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350081/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3018.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350081 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerbaux, Françoise Author-Name: Muller, Pierre Title: La naissance du développement agricole en France Abstract: A political science analysis of changes since 1945. Until 1959, the agricultural officiers in each department spread technical progress using mass methods (lectures, demonstrations) which lead to teacher-pupil type of relations with the farmers. The creation of farmer's study groups (CETA) based on a vision of modernization involving initiative by elite farmers motivated by the spirit of enterprise and the desire of farmer's organization to gain control over advisory activities led to loss of power by the agricultural officers. After a period of high decentralization (1 959-66) the Chambres d'Agriculture assumed a major role in all advisory activities (renamed « développement »). At present the whole concept of modernization is being questionned ; a new project must be built. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 159 Number: 350082 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350082 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350082/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3019.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350082 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daucé, Fernand Author-Name: Houée, Paul Title: Trente ans de développement agricole dans le Morbihan Abstract: In this department in Brittany, farm extension groups have been, since the fifties, one of the most efficient agents of change. In their early stages, the extension services were controled by the administration and by the traditional farmers' unions. Later, in a powerful social movement, the middle segments of agriculture, assumed control of the diffusion of innovations thus expressing their aspiration towards different ways of producing and living. The story of extension in Morbihan is thus the story of the emergence of this rising generation which, in a rapidly changing economic environment and in a rural society experiencing deep changes, will express its goals in specific extension programmes and institutions ; it will even take over the farmers' organizations and change the course of the evolutions. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 159 Number: 350083 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350083 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350083/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3020.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350083 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Van Den Ban, A.W. Title: Les courants de pensée en matière de théorie de la diffusion des innovations Abstract: Adoption of innovation does not only require information flows but also changes in attitudes. Sometimes the spirit of the community must be changed so that it considers success as a valid goal. So the abundant literature on diffusion of innovations shows the complexity and breadth of the theme. Many conditions must be fulfilled for rapid diffusion so the key word is coordination of diffusion activities. Adoption of innovations often causes increases in intra-agricultural inequality, but this is not inevitable. Similarly, it usually leads to a reduction in active farm population. The example of the Netherlands, however, proves that good extension work increases competitiveness and market shares -which reduces the decline in farm population. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 159 Number: 350084 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350084 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350084/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3022.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350084 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: albrecht, harmut Title: Les problèmes de la vulgarisation agricole dans le cas de l'agriculture à temps partiel Abstract: Agricultural policies cannot assume that part-time farms are of a transitory nature and should be eliminated. Advisory services must cater to their needs and help all small farms. This requires changes in the advisor's behaviour and the use of novel methods. The target group's confidence must be gained ; the whole farm- household-family complex should be considered and the group's special needs determined ; farmers should be induced to face their own destiny and given the ability to do so. Suitable training of advisors and changes in the organization and mentality of the advisory services are needed. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Farm Management Volume: 159 Number: 350085 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350085 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350085/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3023.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350085 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veillon, A. Title: Le cas des régions défavorisées : des actions sectorielles au développement rural Abstract: Swiss extension workers are not unanimous in the way they feel the situation of the area they work in -which are in fact very heterogeneous. All are convinced of the difficulty of their task and it is recognised that extension methods must be improved. However : advisors should retain great freedom, technical and economic advice should not be separated, extension work should go beyond the field of agriculture proper, atypical formulae should not be refused. A law of 1974 on investments in mountain zones organized and financed development programmes of mountains areas. Extension personnel are not adequately inserted in these activities. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 159 Number: 350086 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350086 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350086/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3024.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350086 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: De Benedictis, Michele Title: Les services de vulgarisation dans une agriculture hétérogène, le cas de l'Italie Abstract: In order to fill the latent demand of the various homogeneous sub-groups which together make up a heterogeneous agriculture, advisory services must operate under the following principles : they must be closely linked with research ; their location in the field should spread down to each small agricultural region ; they should be actively concerned with the development of non agricultural activities. In post-war Italy, the extension services inherited from the fascist era were bureaucratic and centralized ; their performance was very poor. Since the regional reform of the seventies significant improvements have taken place, but at very inequal rates in the various regions. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 159 Number: 350087 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350087 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350087/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3025.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350087 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andersson, Bo Title: Conseil aux agriculteurs en matière de gestion financière familiale et de transfert des patrimoines d'une génération à la suivante Abstract: Transfering the farm unit and its assets from one generation to the next, and getting, at the same time, a young farmer established on the farm is a complex operation for which competent advice is desirable. Many factors must be taken into consideration. Over indebtedness through inadequacy of equity capital is as much a danger as setting up on too small a unit. In order to find a suitable agreement between members of the family and others concerned, it is necessary that all parties have complete confidence in the advisor. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Agricultural Finance Volume: 159 Number: 350088 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350088 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350088/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3026.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350088 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nielsen, Georg Title: Formation et formation continue du personnel de vulgarisation : comment combattre le vieillissement du système de vulgarisation Abstract: The training and retraining policies for extension agents have changed considerably over the past 15years. This derives both from changes in production techniques and in the resulting increase in the amount of knowledge farmers need and from structural evolutions in Danish agriculture which involved greater specialization of farm units. To fit the increased needs of farmers in service training of advisors was intensified. It is not only a matter of updating and strengthening their knowledge in the various specialized disciplines. Progressively and in accordance with their wishes more emphasis is placed on broader themes, on pluridisciplinary approaches, on communication techniques. The goal, not yet reached, is that each advisor follow two weeks of in service courses per year. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 159 Number: 350089 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350089 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350089/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3027.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350089 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dexter, K. Title: Les services de vulgarisation, les firmes d'amont et d'aval et les organismes de commercialisation Abstract: Directed towards serving the needs of large farms, the British Agricultural Development and Advisory Service regroups most technical services of the Ministry of Agriculture within an organization with three increasingly specialized geographical levels (the upper echelon being a network of laboratories and experiment centres). Since its creation in 1972, ADAS deliberately chose to cooperate with agribusiness firms which, like farmers or, indeed, any other public or private person or body, may benefit from free advisory services. This emphasis on industry cooperation as well as clear distinction between its tasks and those of commodity Marketing boards are considered by ADAS as the major conditions of its efficiency. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Agribusiness Volume: 159 Number: 350090 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350090 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350090/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_159_1_3028.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350090 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coujard, Jean-Louis Title: L'économie rurale : quelle (s) spécificité (s) ? Abstract: The debate on the specific nature of agricultural economics is an old one. It cannot be evaded when the objective is stock-taking on the state of our discipline or si m ply teaching it. The epistemological questioning can be approached from historical or theoretical angles. Agricultural economics has historically developped on the border zone between agricultural and social sciences and has generated specific professions, institutions and publications. There is no consensus, from the point of view of theory, on its specific nature. Certain current orientations give it a special place within the field of economics but no definite conclusion can be reached today in this debate on specificity. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 160 Number: 350091 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350091 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350091/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_3030.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350091 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cavailhès, Jean Title: Bilan de quinze ans de leadership marxiste Abstract: After May 1968, there was a revival of marxism in French agricultural economics. New thesis - highly theoritical - arise and there is much discussion on the agrarian question between their advocates. After May 1981 , management gains precedence over theory. The 15 years between those two dates witnessed the successive predominance of several abstract and monocausal such as the theory of small merchant production or that of the proletarization of farmers. Is it possible to elaborate a synthetic theory, defining production relations in agriculture ? The main elements which could be used in this definition seem to be the operation of markets (including the land market, inputs and commodity markets, the role of monopolies, the State, cooperatives, surplusses) and substitutions between enterprises. In addition to their theorical contributions, marxists produced numerous historical studies, they analyzed the internal heterogeneity of agriculture and studied foreign trade. Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 160 Number: 350092 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350092 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350092/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_3031.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350092 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bartoli, Pierre Title: Sur le fonctionnement de la référence marxiste Abstract: Marxist theories and marxist inspired research have been very diverse in agricultural economics and no unified theory dominates. This diversity is linked to the characteristics of agriculture itself, but reference to marxism is also pluralistic ; it has been and remains the carrier of numerous potentialities and practices. This paper is a reflexion on the way this reference operates and on the conditions which can maintain its fruitfullness in the scientific field. It is mostly useful as a method providing tools suited to critical investigation of social reality. This critical examination procedure can be exerted on the theoretical models found in The Capital. Though agriculture seems to be a sector distant from those models, it may prove rewarding to use those tools in its analysis. Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 160 Number: 350093 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350093 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350093/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_3032.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350093 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Combris, Pierre Author-Name: Nefussi, Marc Title: Le concept d'agro-alimentaire : intérêt et limites Abstract: This paper discusses the usefulness of the concept of agribusiness for economic research on food industry. In the mid-fifties in the USA, and in the mid-sixties in France, the concept of agribusiness was introduced to cope with problems relating to the evolution of agriculture. This concept turned out to be relevant to research on three different problems : insertion of agriculture in highly industrialized economies, industrialization of food, and development of capitalist relations of production in agriculture. To carry out the analysis of the accumulation of capital in industry, the concept of agribusiness seems to provide a good framework, especially explaining the specific characteristics of this sector (dominating agriculture, constraints on food prices). Actually, the use of the concept raises more theorical questions than answers. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 160 Number: 350094 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350094 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350094/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_3033.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350094 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: L'économie rurale en France. Essai de synthèse de la session et de bilan Abstract: A mostly critical appraisal of the state of the field. A diversified French school has developed over the past 35 years while there was almost nothing before that period. However much of the published work lacks professionnalism. There have been efforts to build stronger theoretical foundations, particularly but not exclusively by marxist authors. This, however, often produced vague and poorly documented work. Some research is of doubtfull utility, the mark of weak programming. Judgments are often biaised by agrarianistic leanings. There is an excess of repetitive research, ignorance concerning developments of the field in foreign countries, backwardness in the use of modern quantitative methods. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 160 Number: 350095 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350095 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350095/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_3034.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350095 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bloch, Gilbert Title: En marche vers une moins bonne connaissance de l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 160 Number: 350096 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350096 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350096/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_3035.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350096 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farget, Marie-Angèle Title: Un test de performance de diverses bases de données documentaires pour l'économie agricole Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 160 Number: 350097 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350097 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350097/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_3036.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350097 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 160 Number: 350098 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350098 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350098/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_3037.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350098 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Agriscope : Revue de l'Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture d'Angers Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 160 Number: 350099 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350099 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350099/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_4961_t1_0051_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350099 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: François Julien-Labruyere, Paysan charentais. La Rochelle Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 160 Number: 350100 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350100 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350100/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_4961_t1_0051_0000_5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Ouvrages, études, périodiques reçus récemment Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 160 Number: 350101 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350101 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350101/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_4962.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Tables des matières des années 1981, 1982 et 1983 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 160 Number: 350102 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350102 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350102/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_160_1_3038.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Title: Le développement du chômage depuis 1974 a-t-il freiné l'exode agricole des jeunes ? Abstract: It is often assumed that the increase of unemployment during last ten years has slackened migration out of agriculture, but the usual causes of outmigration have continued to be at work. In spite of their deficiencies, evaluations from INSEE surveys suggest - waiting for later examination - that the ratio of farmers'sons entering agricultural activity would be a little higher in 1982 than in 1977, at 20-24 years age and 25-29. The past trend of increasing outmigration would be reversed or at least stopped. Among daughters, the evolution is less obvious. And male migration remains important. The longer the education the lower the entering in agriculture, but this entry ratio is now a little more frequent for those who have received high school education or above. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 161 Number: 350103 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350103 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350103/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3039.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Breton, Yves Title: Les économistes français et la rente foncière entre 1830 et 1870 Abstract: The essential object of the present article is: 1. to make investigations about the reasons that push the French economists belonging wholly to the « Liberal School » to be interested so closely between 1830 and 1870 in the question of the rent and especially in Ricardiàn's theory of differentia! rent that will be at the center of their debates; 2. to investigate about their analysis of this last theory; 3. to present their defenses of the landed interest very logically involved in the Ricardian's analysis. Beyond the liberal « Credo » that closely connect them these debates and analysis allow to foresee not only elements of conflicts or even of rupture, in the heart of this movement of thought, but also the arbitrariness of some groupings realised by the historians of the Economic Thought. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 161 Number: 350104 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350104 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350104/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3040.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: Evaluation du coût d'emploi de la main-d'œuvre familiale sur une exploitation agricole. Contribution méthodologique Abstract: The importance of the labour force on a farm depends on the peak periods. This labour force should be estimated by taking into account the time during which labour is waiting for force (stand by) and not in terms of actual working time. The use of family labour implies the purchase of consumer goods which should be considered as production expenses exactly as the purchase of labour means. Since there exist no salaries, the consumption expenditures of the family as well as their « private «savings give a fair estimate of the cost of family labour. This estimate becomes less reliable if profits and outside incomes increase. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 161 Number: 350105 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350105 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350105/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3041.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cook-Perrin, Christiane Title: Quel avenir pour l'horticulture ornementale en France ? Abstract: The horticultural trade deficit increases year by year. Will we have to yield to Dutch rule? Are our weaknesses due to energy costs, or ageing of the production facilities, or inadequate government support, or European policies, or the effects of division of labour, or the effects of recent monetary discorders ? Thoses in charge of horticultural policies have been fascinated by the Dutch miracle and wanted to get rid of our apparent anarchy without seeing it implied some potential dynamism. Thence failed reforms in the fields of taxation, tenancy, credit for young horticulturists, financing, labour legislation. New innovations developped in France must become a French commercial success. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 161 Number: 350106 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350106 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350106/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3042.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carrière, Jean-Paul Title: Les potentialités économiques de la production de biométhane en vue d'usages collectifs Abstract: The energetic potential of agricultural by-products and biomass is still today largely untapped, owing to the lack of available data concerning the competitiveness of knowed technologies. This paper is a first attempt at a microeconomic assessment of a particulary energy-production unit for collective use, based on the mechanization of organic wastes. The method we used is derived from actualized calculation and consists in comparing the actualized average cost per cubic meter of biogas produced for a collective use, with the actualized average cost of other fossil energy sources, especially heating oil. The data were collected at the methanization experimental unit at Saint-Secondin (Vienne department). Our calculations show that without any massive financial state intervention, the developpment potentialities of biogas remain poor. Nevertheless, the consideration at the social benefits linked to the valorization of biomass allows to offset such restrictive conclusions as suggested by the evaluation grid resulting from the economic calculation. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 161 Number: 350107 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350107 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350107/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3043.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benguergoura, Chérif Title: Paysans et nouveaux villages en Algérie Abstract: A sociological analysis based on case-studies of three «new villages» created during the agrarian revolution. The setting up of those villages involves groups and institutions which are quite far from the rural people directly concerned. Technical norms for the settlement are neither produced nor controled by rural people. However if civil servants have much to say on the base plans for the new villages and on their location actual implementation and selection of settlers depend largely on local elected council members. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 161 Number: 350108 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350108 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350108/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3044.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loupias, P. Author-Name: Jacobi, Daniel Title: La formation continue des salariés des exploitations agricoles. Résultats d'enquêtes Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 161 Number: 350109 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350109 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350109/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3046.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prod'homme, Jean-Pierre Title: Approches du paupérisme rural : résultats d'une enquête-pilote dans la zone du centre rural du Neubourg (Eure) Abstract: Rural pauperism which is diffuse and isolated seem to have both social and financial causes. 16 % of the population in the Neubourg area are considered poor. They are evenly spread over the age structure, but Very unevenly over the villages. The poor family is characterized by a high number of children and persons living under the same roof. The per capita income is half of that of the rest of the population; food and illness are the two main concerns. The head of the family has a non-qualified Work and generally speaking, the poor can be characterized by low education standards and little vocational training. The overcrowded lodgings are lacking in cleanliness and decoration, but the household equipment is approximately equal to the national average. Social plagues like alcoolism, mental deficiency etc. are added to those unfavorable conditions. The poor seem to make up a « sub-culture », formed by unstable individuals in which three groups can be distinguished: families with small incomes, families with moderate incomes and old people. The future disappearing of pauperism depends on the effort of education and development of the understructure. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 64 Number: 350433 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350433 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350433/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1890.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Smith, Louis Title: La coopération en Irlande Abstract: Cooperation could not develop in Ireland prior to about 1880 because of the complete insecurity oj land tenure. At first the cooperative development Was based not on the farmers but rather on the intellectuals. Nonetheless it developed rapidly with the objective of all purpose cooperatives servering every need of the community in buying, marketing, education. The cooperatives suffered a severe setback in the early 1920's when owning to their political neutrality they were scorned by the Nationalists and burnt by the British. The members were then split by the Civil War, and business hurt by the fall in agricultural prices. The second spring of the cooperative movement is now apparent. Having consolidated their business position the cooperatives find that a new generation of farmers, better educated and with more economic ambition, is learning to use these cooperatives which exist and to develop new ones. Problems which present themselves are the consolidation of creameries into units handling 250,000,000 kilogrames of milk per year, the tacking over of 60 % of the animal fodder, compounding and sales, the reorganisation of the central organisation. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 64 Number: 350434 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350434 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350434/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1891.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350434 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cook, Hugh Title: Le problème de la fusion de coopératives agricoles aux Etats-Unis Abstract: It is the policy of the U.S. Government to encourage the jormation and growth of agricultural cooperatives. Problems of personalities and of finances must be overcome before cooperatives may merge. The larger ones may have legal problems under anti-trust laws. Efficiency is one requirement of success from integration. It appears likely that the current merger movement may eclipse all previous ones in terms of dura' tion, number of firms acquired and assets of acqui red companies. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 64 Number: 350435 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350435 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350435/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1892.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ogren, Kenneth Title: Nouvelles tendances de la recherche en marketing aux Etats-Unis Keywords: Marketing, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 64 Number: 350436 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350436 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350436/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1893.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Grontec, Ph. Title: Construction de familles de modèles d'exploitations. Etude des possibilités d'application à l'agrégation de l'offre régionale des produits agricoles Abstract: The object of this article is to present the methods for building up regional supply functions of farm products and to measure their evolution. To estimate the supply function, the author at first classifies the farms in homogenous groups each represented by an average discriptive model. The criterion which has been used to obtain the homogeneity is the farm income. After that, the aggregate supply function for each product is obtained by Weighing the produced quantities in each model with the number of farms it represents. On the other hand, the results of the potential model calculations obtained by the budgeting method or parametric linear programming give informations about likely and possible medium-term evolutions of the regional descriptive models. The relevance is important on the regional level for advisers in farm management, the extention workers and the statisticians, and on the national level for the interregional planning. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 64 Number: 350437 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350437 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350437/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1894.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350437 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Krenz, Ronald Title: Projection du nombre d'exploitations à l'aide de chaînes de Markov Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 64 Number: 350438 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350438 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350438/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1895.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 64 Number: 350439 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350439 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350439/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_64_1_1896.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rullière, Gilbert Title: Rente foncière et revenus dans le modèle capitaliste de croissance Abstract: The history of economic theory has dealt with many discussions on land rent, In the twentieth century most authors have considered it negligible because it accounts for only a small fraction of the national income. This decline of the land rent is ascribed. to the general production intensification and a less impor- tant use of land. However, recent observations of a general increase of land values and especially the increase of no farm use of land arise the question as to the Validity of this analysis. The importance of these two phenomena at the present time leads to call the data of the analysis into question again. As a matter of fact the theses on the declining rôle of land and its return in the economic growth do not take into consideration the part taken up by nonfarm uses. Is this price increase going to last ? Which are its impacts on the level and the distribution of the land rent ? The analysis has undubitably become more complex : these outside acquisitions complicate the work of the farmers (whose farms are often disorganized) on the other hand as a result of new kinds of economic behavior, the analysis of the land rent should' be completed by that of increment values on capital. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350440 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350440 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350440/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1897.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wibberley, G.P. Title: Etudes sur la concurrence pour la terre agricole Abstract: The important aspect of a country actually or potentially short of cultivable, is the type of thinking and emotional reaction of its inhabitants. The urban development has required Development Plans based on careful surveys of the land and other resources. In spite of these plans, will the English agriculture have enough land at its disposal in 1980? Which types of land will be given up to the urban development? Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350441 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350441 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350441/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1898.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dumard, Jean Title: Vue prospective sur la répartition du territoire agricole français en 1975 Abstract: The transformation oj general economic conditions, the uncertainties of the Common Market and its joint agricultural policy, and the inadequacy of the descriptions of the past combine to turn any longterm projection of farm production into a very risky exercise. It may seem rather arbitrary to limit this work to forescasts concerning land utilization and crop production alone, now that the processing of plant production into animal products is taking a leading part. Crop rotations bring an important element of rigidity into crop production while there is the technical possi~ bility of a wide choice in animal production. For lack valid \nowledge of the laws of supply, the longterm evolution (here 1975) of land use can only be outlined by analysting trends; this method is not very satisfactory since its logical bases are weakThe general impression of this imperfect work is one of stability. A great inertia appears and nothing makes us suppose that it is disappearing. This inertia is related to both agricultural and economic constraints and to farm structures. A coherent projection can not be realised at once and only for plant production. As separate projections are drawn up for animal productions, successive consistancy checks can be applied: fodder balance sheet, foreign trade, income oj farmers. The use o/ these checks implies necessarily progressive repetitions and rectifications which have lead us to the notion of rigidity of the trends. Several projection attempts have been carried out for France. The results differ when a single product is considered, but on an aggregate level the consistancy is quite good. In some cases, logistic growth curves or expotential functions are applied to the analysis of time series. More theoretical reflexion would be needed in order to give greater justification to this technique. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350442 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350442 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350442/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1899.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: von Randow, W. Title: La formation des prix d'achat et des fermages pour Ses fonds de terre agricole Abstract: The land market in the German Federal Republic shows the same trends as in the rest of Western Europe, i.e. a price increase and a declining exchange value of land. After examining the value on the basis of returns and the current value, their relationship and the basis of price fixing, the author raises the question as to the best way of obtaining farm enlargements : through purchase or tenancy ? Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350443 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350443 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350443/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1900.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350443 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coupriaux, J.-M. Title: Le marché foncier et les conflits nés de l'appétit de terre. Motivations Abstract: A' farmer's view on the disturbing problems of land shortage and the gaps in the present legislation ; he suggests (in his way) to ma\e a distinction between land ownership and farming. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350444 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350444 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350444/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1901.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michaux Author-Name: Vignaud, M. Author-Name: Cottenceau, J.-C. Title: Un problème crucial : le financement des acquisitions de terre Abstract: The Farm Credit Association in the Orne area is making a survey in order to study the following questions : Who buys land, how are these purchase* financed and under which circumstances can the Farm Credit Association intervene ? An analysis of some concret cases emphasizes the difficulty of both forming a sufficient wording capital and obtaining land. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350445 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350445 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350445/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1902.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Estrangin, Louis Title: Où en est-on des projets de Sociétés d'investissement foncier Abstract: The micro and macro rural investment corporations aim to lighten the land cost for the farmers. Though often still at the planning stage, they have had to face a strong opposition. Through an appropriate structuring, recourse to savings, laws and tax regulations, these corporations will be able to pass the experimental stage and attain real efficiency. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350446 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350446 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350446/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1903.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marsaux, Pierre Title: Les groupements agricoles fonciers familiaux Abstract: The author suggest the institution oj family associations in order to avoid the splitting up of a farm in case of inheritance. This solution with its advantages and disadvantages seems to correspond to a necessity. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350447 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350447 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350447/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1904.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Granier, Marcel Title: La mise en œuvre d'une SAFER : le cas du Languedoc-Roussillon Abstract: The first SAFER, created in an expanding area and with the advantage of an important land market, reports the encouraging results of its activities : purchase, improvement and redistribution. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350448 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350448 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350448/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1905.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madec, J. Title: Réflexion sur l'expérience des SAFER Abstract: The SAFER were created in France between 1961 and 1964, and are the instrument that is in charge of changing and transforming land structures in order to adapt them to the needs of a modern expanding economy. One of the most interesting aspects consists of observing how these societies have penetrated into the French technical, economic, sociological and political context; what wording methods they are using, what their outlook for further development is. The author suggests answers to these questions. Praised by some, fought by others, 29 societies have been set up in the course of only three years; they cover the whole national territory except for seven « départements ». Their organization is flexible : it brings together the representatives of farmers' associations and of the gouvernment service. These societies are non profit limited-liability companies which buy land freely put up for sale, improve it and resell it to farmers in order to increase the size of too small farms. Since the beginning 60.941 hectares have been acquired, of which 30.260 hectares Were acquired in 1964. The rôle of the SAFER is still small but is growing rapidly. Working methods have been developed to guide these interventions. The spontaneous and anarchic evolution of the land structures resulting from an important rural exodus, should be guided and canalized in order to avoid excesses of the « Grapes of Wrath » type or of poverty-stricken resignation. The SAFER are the first institution created in France to work towards this aim or with the hope of attaining it. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350449 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350449 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350449/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1906.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Evolution des valeurs foncières, incidences de la fiscalité Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 65 Number: 350450 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350450 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350450/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_65_1_1907.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grégoire, Ménie Title: Evolution et avenir des femmes rurales Abstract: The changing conditions of country life have implied a brutal change for the country women, both of their activity and of their way of thinking. Where will their place be in a more and more industrialized agriculture ? Will a specialized training secure a farm or non-farm future for them ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 66 Number: 350451 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350451 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350451/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_66_1_1908.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Title: Grandes firmes interterritoriales et recherche privée : l'exemple de l'industrie de la conserve aux Etats-Unis Abstract: It is difficult to make a place among the big leading, companies, even when, their -.activity concerns such an expanding industry , as fruit. and, Vegetable, canning. The first big farmer's cooperative has been created recently, in California. What are its chances of survival? Will it diversify its activities and its establishments? Will it develop the k.ey activity, research, to the same degree as the giant companies of the private sector ? In one word, can the farmers, who are tied to their land, hope to make a place among the leading vertically integrated firms, which extend their own activity through cooperatives ? Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 66 Number: 350452 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350452 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350452/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_66_1_1909.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gervais, Michel Title: Le problème foncier : propriété du sol et entreprise agricole Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 66 Number: 350453 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350453 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350453/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_66_1_1910.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Burk, Marguerite Title: Les changements qualitatifs dans l'alimentation et leurs répercussions sur l'agriculture s l'expérience des Etats-Unis Abstract: The quality of farm commodities in the United States has been improved. A shift has occured towards higher preference items ? and products with higher nutritive value. The same trend is in progress in Europe. Which will be the implications of thesr changes for agri~ culture ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 66 Number: 350454 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350454 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350454/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_66_1_1911.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonneau, Jacques Title: Introduction au calcul des prix de revient dans les exploitations forestières et scieries Abstract: The computation method recommended by the National Wood Federation (Fédération nationale da bois) is connected with direct-costings. The author analysis the units of measure used in this method, its application and the main problems arising at this point. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 66 Number: 350455 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350455 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350455/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_66_1_1912.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Day, Richard Title: Une approche pour l'étude de la production agricole Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to show how a knowledge of structure may be used to construct a, model that simulates aggregate producers actions. The .resulting model , is useful in explaining past production patterns, predicting future changes, assessing effects of alternative policies, and providing a theoretical understanding of the many forces that determine production through time. The author develops certain hypotheses of long standing in economic theory in an explicitly empirical and institutional context and notes: — the neoclassical concept. that firms maximise something when they determine output; — the Marshallian relation of investment to past profits, and quasirents; — the Schumpeterian relation between investments and i technological change. To these he adds the use of behavioral constraints that arise from uncertainty and lack' of knowledge. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 66 Number: 350456 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350456 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350456/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_66_1_1913.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Récentes rencontres internationales des sciences économiques Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 66 Number: 350457 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350457 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350457/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_66_1_1914.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Le 1er congrès international d'économétrie Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 66 Number: 350458 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350458 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350458/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_66_1_2609.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 66 Number: 350459 Year: 1965 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350459 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350459/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_66_1_1915.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Pierre Title: L'évolution du salariat en agriculture Abstract: Before opening the discussion on agricultural workers, precise information through statistical data should be given about the nature and the distribution of the employments, the evolution of salaries and their level compared to those of the industrial sector. The gap between these salaries is of common knowledge, but what is less known is the progressive filling of this gap in certain areas these last years Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350460 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350460 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350460/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1916.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Langlois-Bourquelot, Françoise Title: Les groupes sociaux en présence : employeurs et ouvriers Abstract: The general and individual attitude of the different categories of farm workers is rapidly changing. New possibilities are open to them through advisory services and official training schemes. Collective agreements tend to define the worker's place in the farm-business and to organize the relationship between the employer and the employee. The employers first opposed these measures. However, the attitude of the employers associations is developing towards a more comprehensive conception of collective agreements. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350461 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350461 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350461/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1917.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fayolle, Pierre Title: Aspects sociologiques des relations entre ouvriers et employeurs Abstract: Roughly speaking there are two kinds of farm workers : the worker who is alone with his employer on a family farm, and the qualified worker in a big farm business. What kind of relationship exists between these workers and their employers ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350462 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350462 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350462/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1918.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Privat, L. Title: Les saisonniers dans le Midi Abstract: Five southern « départements » represent 53,7 % of the migratory workers who come to work in France each year. Here « migratory Worker » is more or less equivalent to « Spaniard » . What has been done for those Workers as to wording opportunities, housing, recreation and human relationships ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350463 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350463 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350463/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1919.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350463 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolland, Léon Title: Place des salariés en grande culture : évolution et perspectives Abstract: The diminution of the hired labour force in large-scale farming can to a great extent be ascribed to technical progress. This decrease of the workers is selective and is accompanied by a social evolution which contributes to give the class of farm workers its current features. Two successive surveys in a group of farms enable us to appreciate this evolution and the future extention of the established trends. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350464 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350464 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350464/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1920.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Disson, Jean Title: Les conditions de travail en grande culture : Seine-et-Oise Abstract: Conditions of the farm workers in large scale farming : Seine-et-Oise In the Paris area, more than anywhere else, industry has taken away the « cream » of the agricultural wage-earning class. The working hours, the way of living on the farm and the farm workers, lack of training explain this fact. Would specialization be a remedy ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350465 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350465 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350465/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1921.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delaunoy, Alain Title: La promotion des salariés dans l'entreprise : point de vue du CENAG Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Agribusiness Volume: 67 Number: 350466 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350466 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350466/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1922.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schoentgen, Bernard Title: La promotion des salariés dans une entreprise agricole Abstract: How can the farm worker, being a « dependant servant » become a « free assistant » ? At present, professional training is often not within the reach of the farm workers. Could the training solve the problem of their advancement ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 67 Number: 350467 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350467 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350467/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1923.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lalu, Emile Title: La promotion des salariés dans l'entreprise agricole Abstract: The rapid growth of a farm business has forced its manager to hand over authority and responsability to a worker. Could this kind of structure promote the advancement of the farm worker ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Agribusiness Volume: 67 Number: 350468 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350468 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350468/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1924.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350468 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thébault, Gérard Title: La promotion des salariés dans l'entreprise agricole : point de vue d'un cadre Abstract: A farm worker tells about his own advancement. Keywords: Agribusiness, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350469 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350469 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350469/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1925.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350469 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gurliat, Henri Title: Les positions syndicales de la F.G.A Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350470 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350470 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350470/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1926.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: XIXème congrès de la FNSEA Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350471 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350471 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350471/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1927.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mills, F. D. Title: La condition des salariés en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350472 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350472 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350472/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1928.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Théodore Title: Tendances de développement du salariat agricole en Allemagne occidentale Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 67 Number: 350473 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350473 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350473/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1929.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 67 Number: 350474 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350474 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350474/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_67_1_1929.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stipetic, M. Title: Taux de croissance comparés de l'agriculture et de l'industrie dans quelques pays socialistes de l'Est Européen Abstract: The following papers Were presented during a conference on the relationships between agriculture and industry in socialist countries. This meeting which was organized by Professor Charles Bettelheim, directeur d'études at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in the month of May 1965, assembled a great number of French and foreign personalities. The review « Economie Rurale » is happy to present these papers and we want to express our sincere thanks to Professor Bettelheim who has given us - the permission to reproduce them. Keywords: International Development Volume: 68 Number: 350475 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350475 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350475/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1931.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herer, Wiktor Title: Proportions réciproques et rythmes de croissance de l'agriculture et de l'industrie : quelques problèmes Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 68 Number: 350476 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350476 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350476/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1932.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bulgaru Title: Rythmes et corrélations des développements industriel et agricole en Roumanie Keywords: International Development Volume: 68 Number: 350477 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350477 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350477/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1933.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupal Title: Les relations entre agriculture et industrie en Tchécoslovaquie Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 68 Number: 350478 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350478 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350478/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1934.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Todorov Title: La transformation d'un pays agraire en pays agro­industriel : le cas de la Bulgarie [article] Keywords: International Development Volume: 68 Number: 350479 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350479 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350479/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1935.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Galeski, Professeur Title: Quelques considérations sur l'exode rural et l'évolution de la profession agricole en Pologne Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 68 Number: 350480 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350480 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350480/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1936.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350480 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Federowicz Title: Les relations financières entre les secteurs agricole et industriel dans la planification socialiste Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 68 Number: 350481 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350481 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350481/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1937.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupal Title: Le développement proportionné de l'agriculture et de l'industrie, et le problème des prix Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 68 Number: 350482 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350482 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350482/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1938.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Bihan, Joseph Title: Conclusions : Remarques sur la croissance et l'organisa­tion d'une agriculture moderne dans les pays socialistes de l'Est Européen Keywords: International Development Volume: 68 Number: 350483 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350483 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350483/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1939.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Legendre, Pierre Title: Aspects de l'évolution du droit du travail en agriculture Abstract: For a long time, the labour legislation only concerned industry and was quite recently applied to agriculture. It is principally since the Second World War that a labour legislation has been elaborated especially for agriculture. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 68 Number: 350484 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350484 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350484/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1940.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pépin, Michel Title: Méthodes pédagogiques et débouchés de la formation professionnelle Abstract: Professional training of adult farm workers is essential. At the Center for Professional training (Centre de Promotion sociale) at Essay, in the Orne region, as in other centers, dynamic methods, adapted to each specific case, are employed in order to guide, train and promote the agricultural Workers. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 68 Number: 350485 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350485 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350485/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1941.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 68 Number: 350486 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350486 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350486/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_68_1_1942.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Russo Title: L'information, source de pouvoir Abstract: The revolution in the field of information originates both in the growth of the mass of information,, in the development of the means of its treatment and in the progress of psychology and sociology which, when used, leads to a more and more rational attitude. Which are the functions and forms of information and its place in the economic development ? Which changes are the handling and the treatment of information going through ? The operations concerning information are grouped in channels which should be reorganized in order to give a better return. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 69 Number: 350487 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350487 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350487/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_69_1_1943.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Géraud, Jean Title: Bilan sur l'état actuel de l'information économique des agriculteurs Abstract: Information should give an answer to the present problms of the farmers in a form that is within their comprehension. A preliminary study is essential: that of the agricultural sector, of its psychological and, mental reactions to all the inside or outside sources of information. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 69 Number: 350488 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350488 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350488/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_69_1_1944.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubost, Jean Title: Besoins et contraintes au niveau des entreprises agricoles Abstract: The concepts, the assumptions and the language oj the information transmitters » are typical of the industrial and urban society. The dispersion and heterogeneousness of the agricultural sector make numerous relays necessary : technicians, employees of farm organizations and civil servants. A concret example of these notions is given by the action of a group of CET A (farmers' clubs). Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 69 Number: 350489 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350489 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350489/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_69_1_1945.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350489 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Théodore, Gérard Title: Une statistique agricole est-elle possible en France ? Abstract: The degrading of agricultural statistics has become obvious. Which are its distant and present causes ? In order to fight against this . deficiency and to face the growing needs, an effort of innovation is necessary as to the nature of, the studies, the survey procedures, the general program of, investigation and the place of the agricultural statistician in the research agencies and institutions. Such an action demands a qualified staff and credits. The different needs for information, the periodicity , of the regular surveys and the need for a rapid diffusion of the data should be taken into account. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 69 Number: 350490 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350490 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350490/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_69_1_1946.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubourgnoux, J.-C. Title: Les complexes intégrés, collecteurs et transformateurs d'informations économiques pour les producteurs agricoles Abstract: Facing the deficiency of classical economic information, the .role of the agro-industrial complexes is to gather data at the source, interprète them and transmit them rapidly in an easily comprehensible form, thus considerably reducing the uncertainty in the farmer's work. In this scheme, what becomes of the farmer's liberty of decision ? Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 69 Number: 350491 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350491 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350491/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_69_1_1947.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Les bases socio-économiques de la promotion collective : réflexions sur deux expériences de formation et d'information économiques Abstract: These thoughts on an experiment already old, the INPAR (institute for rural adult education) and on an experiment in progress, « Télé-Promotion » (education television programs for farmers) point out that through collective and appropriate basic socio-economic education, the farmer should be able to participate in the creation, in the spreading and in the control of economic information. Should we train and inform an élite or the mass ? Collective training can only be a mass action; here, television is an excellent means, owing to the initiative and the participation of the audience, to the rôle of the television « host », to the accompanying documents and to the discussion in groups in which conclusions are drawn. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 69 Number: 350492 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350492 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350492/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_69_1_1948.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350492 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Claude Title: La collecte de l'information économique globale : les méthodes du Service central des Enquêtes et études statistiques du Ministère de l'agriculture Abstract: In order to reconcile the farmer's new needs jor economic information and the restricted financial means, a method of wor\ has been adopted, based on the « master-sample ». Why and how has this master-sample been established? Vertical surveys based on the master-sample can be used for production prognostics in the short and intermédiate run. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 69 Number: 350493 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350493 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350493/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_69_1_1949.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Badouin, Robert Title: Agriculture, information et planification Abstract: The rapid evolution of the agricultural sector, the deep changes of its structures and its environment ma\e information more and more necessary.1 The rôle of information remains however limited, not only because of its present deficiency but also because the certainty it gives to the farmer is dissatisfactory. Economic planning, through its engaging caracter, seems to correspond better to the needs of the farmers; they should perticipate in the drawing up of the Plan. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 69 Number: 350494 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350494 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350494/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_69_1_1950.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 69 Number: 350495 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350495 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350495/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_69_1_1951.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Author-Name: Madec, Anne Title: Contribution de la sociologie a l'économie rurale Abstract: In « Economie Rurale » n° 63, an article from Boussard was devoted to : « Thoughts on the purpose of farm, economics ». Such article Was highly provocative. On many theorical axpects the large differences of: opinion between farm economists are discribed by Boussard in such terms that we have should react immediately if we have had not at the same date, send for publication to the « Annales de l'Institut National Agronomique » a paper entitled: a Contribution de la Sociologie à l'Economie Rurale in which some thoughs on the nature of our discipline were included. It seems to us more useful , with the agreement of the a Annales, to reproduce practically all this article as a paper, to be put on the table. Boussard considers farm economics as « economic thought applied to agriculture », we do think that agricultural economics is a biology , applied to social facts, of which economic thought explores only limited and, too often over simplified aspects. Such approach is of importance not only from a theorical point of view but also to ensure the validity of applying the findings of our research. . Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 70 Number: 350496 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350496 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350496/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_70_1_1952.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jollivet, Marcel Title: Les attitudes des agriculteurs des Combrailles à l'égard de la modernisation agricole : contribution à une typologie des agriculteurs Abstract: Unfavorable economic conditions and a lack of demographic balance explain, the mentality, of the farmers in the Combrailles area. What is their reaction to the idea of undertaking improvments ? They timidly try to copy « those who are better off », the « good farmers ». The latter, innovators or conservatives, are few compared to average farmers, who are static, pessimistic, not open to economic ideas and without a comprehensive view of their problems. ■ Being first of -all a « land Worker », the average farmer has no other information than the examples of ! his neighbours and other leisure than to talk with them. In- order to modernize the agriculture in this area, a profound reform of the Way of life and of the collective representations would be necessary. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 70 Number: 350497 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350497 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350497/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_70_1_1953.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labonne, Michel Title: Analyse économique et agriculture sous contrat Abstract: In order to solve the problems of contract farming, the marginal analysis should be used for the economy of the firm. Through a différent approach, structural analysis, sets of firms can be studied. Structural analysis seems fruitful ; however, both methods can be used by turns, according to their particular conditions. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 70 Number: 350498 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350498 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350498/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_70_1_1954.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sébillotte, Jean Title: Ebauche de classification économique des exploitations agricoles françaises en 1963 Abstract: « The Frenchf seem to be like those so-called elementary bodies in which modern chemistry disco vers new separable; particles when ; examining them more closely », wrote Tocqueville. The remark is equally right for farmers: « Farmers » is a lazy expre ssion to disign a social class, often considered as homogeneous, although it is not so. This is the reason why We have tried for several years to set up a new classification of the farmers which reveals the social groups and shows their roles in French agricultural economics.. Here M. Sébillotte explains with competence and prudence how he has set up an « outline of an economic classification of farms ». In the review Projet, We comment on the « categories of farms in France. » Jean Chombart de Lauwe. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 70 Number: 350499 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350499 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350499/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_70_1_1955.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madec, J. Title: La lutte pour la possession de la terre en vue de ses usages agricoles et non agricoles Abstract: Land as private property is reduce in as much as collective acquisitions for public purposes develop, especially through urban growth. At the same time, there exists a competition for land between individuals, farmers or non farmers, for different uses. Farmers try to enlarge their farms, too small to, be economically satisfactory, and urban inhabitants try to get rural space for their leisure time. The farmers, who now own about half of the farm land, buy more land than they sell. However, urban purchases have an impact on the landmarket, especially in price matters. This anarchic competition should be replaced by complementarity and an organization of the aspirations of the farmers and the urban inhabitants. This is why it is necessary to treat this problem together with general, country planning, and structural , reorganization. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 70 Number: 350500 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350500 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350500/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_70_1_1956.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Le congrès européen d'économétrie de Varsovie, compte rendu Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 70 Number: 350501 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350501 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350501/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_70_1_1957.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 70 Number: 350502 Year: 1966 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350502 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350502/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1966_num_70_1_1958.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wallon, A. Title: Les données de la négociation Kennedy dans le domaine des produits agricoles Abstract: Although the outcome of the Kennedy Round is still uncertain, the discussions have at least thrown light on the basic data : the existence of national agricultural policies and their effects on trade, The European Economic Community and the impacts of its common agricultural policy, the problems of the underdeveloped countries and finally the complexity of the international trade with agricultural products. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 71 Number: 350503 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350503 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350503/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_71_1_1959.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richter, J.H. Title: L'agriculture et le commerce Abstract: After the Second World War the GATT has contributed much to facilitate the growth, of international trade and the rationality of economic effort. In the agricultural sector, however, exemptions and loopholes strengthened national protectionism. In there a justification for economic policy concerning agriculture to depart considerably fromths principle of comparative cost , and that oft free trade which should proceed from it ? Agriculture in an expanding industrial economy labours under, several major handicaps. The rapid progress in technology is a disadvantage. Farmers have largely come to depend on their, gouvernments. The price system alone connot lead to an optimal allocation of resources. The author then rapidly examines the particular situation of , agriculture in the Kennedy Round. How will it be possible to establish a peaceful coexistence between an inevitable protection of agriculture and a reasonable volume of : agricultural trade ? Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 71 Number: 350504 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350504 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350504/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_71_1_1960.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tracy, Michaël Title: L'évolution des politiques agricoles Abstract: Around 1880, the arrival of large quantities of American corn. made the agricultural policies of European countries develop in different ways. The defensive protectionnism in France and Germany and the « laissez-faire » of Great Britain contrast with, the constructive attitude of Denmark, transforming corn, at low prices into animal products. The crisis of the thirties affected, agriculture very hard and brought about a greater state intervention. France, Germany, Great Britain and even Denmark' increased their protection and ways of support. Since 1945, price and income support has been adopted, which make agricultural policies still more complexe. However, it has finally been admitted that price policy is not sufficient to resolve, the agricultural problem. Rural migration is necessary. Agricultural development programs undertaken by, the various countries do not seem capable of adapting agriculture to modern conditions. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 71 Number: 350505 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350505 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350505/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_71_1_1961.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Wilde, Robert Title: Les échanges agricoles entre pays développés Abstract: The author studies the agricultural trade between developed countries : composition, motives, systems of controlling imports and exports and different attempts to organize the primary produc markets. He notes that the present situation, beneficial to rich countries, is intolerable to industrialized or poor exporting countries. The United States and Great Britain seem to consider slight alterations of the present system sufficient. On the contrary, France and the underdeveloped countries believe that a i new world organizations, the markets is necessary. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 71 Number: 350506 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350506 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350506/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_71_1_1962.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas Title: Théorie économique et économie politique agraire Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 71 Number: 350507 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350507 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350507/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_71_1_1963.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dumard, Jean Title: La maîtrise de l'offre de viande bovine Abstract: The supply of beef in the intermediate run. is connected with the price fluctuation, in its turn due to the gap between supply and demand. The result is a «cycle » in the beef production. The study of this phenomenon enables us do propose an instrument for controlling the cyclic movements. How efficient and useful is1 this solution ? Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 71 Number: 350508 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350508 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350508/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_71_1_1964.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hairy, Denis Author-Name: Labouesse, François Author-Name: Saunier, Pierre Title: Croissance et concentration dans l'industrie laitière Abstract: The structures of the French dairy industry has entered a phase of rapid reorganization in seven years, 1 705 dairy units (out of 6 000) have « disappeared ». After appreciating the importance of this concentration, the authors have tried to analyse the technical' and economic factors which influence the growth of dairy firms. The essential phenomenon is the growth of a small number of big firms. This' growth seems to take two main directions : — control of the market of new products — control of a high-consuming geographical area. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 71 Number: 350509 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350509 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350509/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_71_1_1965.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomine-Desmazures, Micheline Title: Le cinquième Congrès de la Société européenne de sociologie rurale (compte rendu) Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 71 Number: 350510 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350510 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350510/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_71_1_1966.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daujat, A. Title: Note sur l'évolution des prix de la fumure minérale Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 71 Number: 350511 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350511 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350511/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_71_1_1967.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 71 Number: 350512 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350512 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350512/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_71_1_1968.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350512 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herer, Wiktor Title: Le coefficient de capital de la production agricole dans le cadre de l'économie rurale Abstract: All planning is based on the concept of the capital-output ratio. This concept helps to associate the investments with the desired growth of the production and to determine the financing needs of agricultural development. The author analyses the changes of the capital-output ratio at a given moment and then in the time. He then compares the situation of agriculture and industry and describes the impact of a rise of the capital-output in agriculture ratio on the economic development. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 72 Number: 350513 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350513 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350513/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_72_1_1969.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rainelli, Pierre Title: Le coefficient de capital : notions générales et application en agriculture Abstract: The problems of economic structures, of growth or of anticipations can not be considered without taking the stock, of capital into account. The application of the capital-output ratio to agriculture taises some theoretical problems : the homogeneity between the two terms of the stock-blow ratio, estimation of the part of land in the farm capital. However, the capital-output ratio is useful for determining the Vertical structure of the production and consequently to determine and anticipate the investments needs. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 72 Number: 350514 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350514 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350514/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_72_1_1970.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350514 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Organisation et résultat du crédit agricole chez les partenaires de la France dans le Marché commun Abstract: The farm credit organizations in the member countries oj the EEC have all their own caracte- ristics : their resources, objets and loan condition vary. How will the jarm credit organizations develop in the Common Market? The debts oj the farmers will increase because oj the desirable modernization oj the jarm equipment, and maybe also because oj the land problem. Are We going towards a standardization oj the jarm credit in the EEC? This standardization does not seem abvisable as it is contrary to the spirit oj the Rome Treaty. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 72 Number: 350515 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350515 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350515/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_72_1_1971.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lecardonnel, Maurice Title: Quelques réflexions sur le réajustement des fonctions et de la structure du Crédit agricole dans la société industrielle Abstract: The financing of the farm has a double aspect: financing of land purchases and of the operating capital. The farm and food industries, cooperatives or not cooperatives, which are an economic extention of the farm, also demand an important financing just as the improvements of rural are as and the services necessary to the farmer. Should the farm credit be confined only to financing land purchases and the operating capital? On the contrary, following the example of the neighbour coutries, it might contribute to the development of rural life (housing, handicraft, liberal professions, tourism, rural trade, etc.). Should the farm credit organization be the « credit of the farmers » or a « financial support of the agricultural and rural economy » ? The answer depends on the amount of resources collected by the farm credit organization. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 72 Number: 350516 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350516 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350516/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_72_1_1972.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Scao, Hervé Title: Le financement de la production agricole dans un complexe intégré, point de vue d'un banquier Abstract: The financial help given to farm and food industries through ban\s concerns mainly the wording capital. The banks could also participate in the financing of certain capital assets providing that they are sufficiently informed about the management and the investment plans of the firm and about the elements which could modify its profit earning capacity. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 72 Number: 350517 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350517 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350517/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_72_1_1973.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Upchurch, Melvin L. Title: Développement et évaluation du bilan comptable de l'agriculture américaine Abstract: The balance sheet of agriculture. The U.S. Department of Agriculture make annual reports of the balance sheet of agriculture since 1940. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 72 Number: 350518 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350518 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350518/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_72_1_1974.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomine-Desmazures, Micheline Title: Psychologie et Agriculture. Quelques réflexions à l'occasion du XVIIIe Congrès mondial de psychologie, Moscou, août 1966 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 72 Number: 350519 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350519 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350519/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_72_1_1975.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 72 Number: 350520 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350520 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350520/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_72_1_1976.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bagneaux, Béatrice de Title: Le comportement financier des exploitants agricoles Abstract: The first survey of the CREP (Centre de Recherche Economique sur l'Epargne) was carried out in a non-representative sample of farmers. After describing the technique employed in order to observe and estimate the savings of farmers, the author gives an account of the results with regard to the economic behaviour of farm families and the evaluation of their financial needs. However, the period of observation — one year — is too short to make the survey completely satisfactory. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 73 Number: 350521 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350521 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350521/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_73_1_1977.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raoul, Louis Title: Comportement sociologique et crédit en agriculture Abstract: The development of farm credit in France interests the sociologist for three reasons. By the study of farmers' behaviour with respect to farm credit, the economic and social evolution can be measured, the decision making of expenditure and investment and finally the attitude of the farmers towards saving and towards banking institutions can be determined. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 73 Number: 350522 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350522 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350522/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_73_1_1978.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cusson, Jacques Title: Le financement de la production agricole dans le cadre d'organisations contractuelles Abstract: The contract arrangement dealt with here is of cooperative type. It implies a strict planning and a precise contract between the cooperative and the farmers. Its problems of treasury and investment are very important ; this is illustrated by three examples from the animal production. Contract farming is a powerful factor for development and progress. However, the growth of the firms must not be curbed by certain laws (the legislation. which prohibits the accumulation of several farms) and they should be given the possibility to borrow in order to invest. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 73 Number: 350523 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350523 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350523/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_73_1_1979.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debay, Alain Title: Rôle d'un circuit de financement spécialisé dans le développement agricole Abstract: Does the Farm Credit through its driving force and its functions, meet the needs of the. agricultural and rural economy ? A survey in one « département», the Gard, shows possibilities of a broader development of agriculture and rural activities: what will be the future of the Farm Credit organization in this area? Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 73 Number: 350524 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350524 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350524/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_73_1_1980.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350524 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Author-Name: Fontaine, J. Author-Name: Villain, B. Title: Les effets de la politique de crédit sur le choix des investissements dans une industrie lourde Abstract: The macro-economic impacts of the credit policy on the decisions of the firms are \nown. Through a micro-economic model of linear programming the present study tries to throw some light on the relationship between the choice of investment and the range of loans offered by a bank. The originality of the model in addition to the fact that it covers several periods, is to include parameters depending on the financier's decisions. Thus the macro-economic impacts of a credit policy can be estimated for a region or for a branch. A simplified game model translating the experiences of the model of the firm takes the uncertainty of our knowledge into account and makes us choose a less risky solution. Finally, the problem of the optimal equilibrium between « heavy » and « light » investments can be approached in this model. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 73 Number: 350525 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350525 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350525/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_73_1_1981.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Attwood, Edwin Artur Title: Décontraction des comptes agricoles nationaux d'Irlande par branche et par région Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 73 Number: 350526 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350526 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350526/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_73_1_1982.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maugenest, Philippe Title: Etude du métayage à partir de quelques exploitations choisies au sein d'une commune Abstract: In its present form, share tenancy tend to disappear. A limited survey shows the modifications operated on this kind of indirect farming. These modifications stimulate the owners to invest, to change the salary of the share tenant and his family and to realize another form of association of capital and labour. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 73 Number: 350527 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350527 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350527/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_73_1_1983.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350527 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 73 Number: 350528 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350528 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350528/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_73_1_1984.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piganiol, Pierre Title: La recherche en 1995 Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 74 Number: 350529 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350529 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350529/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_74_1_1985.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350529 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pariat, Maurice Title: Une enquête sur l'invention Abstract: The team-wording researcher replaces the individual inventor, often considered « a bit odd ». However, the creative force of the modern inventor still demands imagination and perseverance but it is based on scientific methods where team-work can be practised. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 74 Number: 350530 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350530 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350530/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_74_1_1986.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Dynamique des innovations et de leur propagation en agriculture Abstract: New production factors can improve the production efficiency. An adequate spreading of i cation demands > a coordination between the farm and its environment. The ideal structures both for spreading existing methods and for facilitating the^use of future technical progress are still to be defined... Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 74 Number: 350531 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350531 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350531/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_74_1_1987.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Title: Les problèmes économiques posés à l'agriculteur par l'innovation Abstract: The farmers', benefit of innovation rents is transitory. In order to extend, the advantages attached to the adoption of new technical progress, these farmers , should join firms where the development of new products and that of new organization methods is closely related.' This is the « Californian model » of agriculture, which however can not be unconditionally copied in France; all depends on, the relationship between labour and capital. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 74 Number: 350532 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350532 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350532/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_74_1_1988.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hénin, Stéphane Title: Les acquisitions techniques en production végétale et leur application Abstract: Through modern technical methods, a finer analysis oj soil and weather conditions and a more thorough study of plant development can be carried out. Innovation contributes to improve the soil, the yield and also the pest control. However, if it is badly transmitted or badly applied, it may be ineffective or even dangerous. A control would be appropriate, but who should carry it out ? Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 74 Number: 350533 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350533 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350533/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_74_1_1989.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350533 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pero, R. Title: Les acquisitions techniques en production animale et leur signification Abstract: Since the beginning of the century, the innovations in this jield have progressively led to intensive animal breeding. The modernization — rational feeding, selective breeding, animal protection and industrial organization of work — as it increases the efficiency, brings about deep structural changes: an increased supply may unbalance the market. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 74 Number: 350534 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350534 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350534/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_74_1_1990.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marchy, W. D. Title: L'innovation dans une entreprise interterritoriaie Abstract: The author describes how an innovation is introduced inside the firm Findus. The innovation is developed in a research center which deals with both farm production, processing and the development of new products. Contract farmers have kept their innovation rents to a certain extent. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 74 Number: 350535 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350535 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350535/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_74_1_1991.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350535 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soubies, Louis Title: Les acquisitions techniques récentes et leur signification en amont de l'agriculture Abstract: The farm supplying industries have to create their own research departments as the demand for more elaborate farm products rises. They also have to increase in size and to work to full output; hence the necessity to sell and the pressure exerted on the farmers. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 74 Number: 350536 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350536 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350536/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_74_1_1992.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ribon, Bruno Title: Le rôle de l'engineering dans l'agriculture Abstract: This activity, new to France, studies complete production systems both for farm supplying and food processing industries. The author examines the possibilities offered by this activity and its impact on the competitive position of French firms. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 74 Number: 350537 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350537 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350537/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_74_1_1993.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350537 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 74 Number: 350538 Year: 1967 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350538 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350538/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1967_num_74_1_1994.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simantov, Albert Title: Agriculture et développement économique. Essai de détermination de liaisons fonctionnelles entre quelques agrégats économiques. Abstract: Tentative estimation of functional relationships between some economic aggregates The author makes a synthesis of the works in quantative economics, showing the decline of the part of agriculture in the gross national product in most countries. He points out that certain farm policies have tried unsuccessfully to stop this inevitable trend. The only measure would be to increase the degree of food self-sufficiency. Two important facts are to be noted : the share of the consumers food expenditures allocated to non-farm products tend to remain unchanged and the input bought by farmers represent from 2,5 to 3,5 % of the gross national product in any country, at any time and at any level of development Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 75 Number: 350539 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350539 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350539/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_75_1_1995.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baletic, Zvonimir Title: Croissance économique et structures agricoles en Yougoslavie Abstract: In spite of a strong demographic disequilibrium and unfavourable natural conditions, Yugo-Slavia has been able to improve considerably the output of its farm production. The agrarian reform, through which land was transferred from private farms in order to obtain the minimum acreage of 10 ha, contributed to create a socialist sector. The author analyses the success and difficulties met with by socialist firms and cooperatives. The socialization raises many problems. The expansion of the socialist sector necessitates expensive purchases of land and the capital thus invested lacks in other sectors. The domestic demand for farm products increases with the income and the population at the expense of foreign trade. Farm prices and wages increase. These trends are partially due to the installation of industries in the country, which increases the income of the farmers but reduces their farm production. The economic reform in progress fights these trends by favouring a centralization of the industry. However, this eliminates the industrial employments for the farm population whose out-migration should be prevented. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 75 Number: 350540 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350540 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350540/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_75_1_1997.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosier, Bernard Author-Name: Boisseau, Pierre Author-Name: Bougler, J. Author-Name: Chominot, Albert Author-Name: Deffontaines, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Prod'homme, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Robilliard, G. Author-Name: Sournac, A. Title: Agriculture moderne et socialisme : une expérience yougoslave Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 75 Number: 350541 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350541 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350541/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_75_1_1998.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350541 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hauchecorne, J. Author-Name: Neveu, André Title: Analyse rétrospective des structures de productions agricoles françaises pour la période Î961-1963 (Analyse 1962) Abstract: This analysis classifies the French farms by regions in homogeneous groups, each represented by a model. The description and aggregation on a regional and national level of the physical and economic characteristics of the 5 000 models are based on data from the 1963 BC survey carried out by the Service Central des Enquêtes et Etudes Statistiques and on boo\-\eeping data collected by the farm management associations. The consistency is checked by a number of tests. Though the « 1962 analysis » points out the necessity of differentiating the agricultural policy, this analysis alone cannot give all the information necessary. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 75 Number: 350542 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350542 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350542/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_75_1_1999.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Droits de propriété et droits d'usage du so! agricole : un essai de description Abstract: In economic analyses of the farm sector, the role of land owners has been apprehended only through the study of the land tenure and the level of farm rent. In this article, the author points out that the off-farm migration leads to a fragmentation of estates while farmholdings tend to concentrate. The result is a wider gap between estate and farmholding which malles a better description of the relationships between land owners and land users necessary. A typology of land owners and land users is proposed and illustrated by a concrete example. This typology broadens the concept of land tenure. It is a tool which should allow, together with others, a better description of the economic agents concerned with the use or the possession of farmland and consequently with the organization of land tenure in a given area. The author particularity stresses the important part played by urban heirs to farms disappearing in a period of rapid technical progress. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 75 Number: 350543 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350543 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350543/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_75_1_2000.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350543 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Surplus laitiers et céréaliers. Déficit de viande. La production agricole française est-elle mal orientée ? Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 75 Number: 350544 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350544 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350544/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_75_1_2001.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350544 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 75 Number: 350545 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350545 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350545/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_75_1_2002.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mendras, Henri Title: Les sciences sociales à la découverte de la pauvreté Abstract: The modem industrial society generates both wealth and poverty. The existence of slums in the neighbourhood of Paris reveals the presence of poorer classes, that had been defined as an absence by the society. Autonomie and having its own structures and standards, this « counter-society » is essentially self' consumer ; for that it is similar to the sustenance agriculture, which is still considerable in France. The present economic theory denies the importance of self -consumption. But on the contrary, is not there any reason to elaborate a theory about it ? Keywords: Food Security and Poverty Volume: 76 Number: 350546 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350546 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350546/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_76_1_2003.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350546 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pautard, J. Title: Développement économique et pauvreté agricole Abstract: 20th century economic growth put an end to the extreme poverty of some jrench provinces described by Arthur Young in 1787. However, during this period, the sharing out of agricultural property created a new class of poor people : small farmers. 20th century technical progress increased the gap between full developed regions and others (roughly, south-west part of France). Even in full developed areas you can find poor farmers : their leeway constantly increases, and they are quite conscious of it. Are these regions and these poor farmers left aside by our industrial society ? Keywords: Food Security and Poverty, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 76 Number: 350547 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350547 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350547/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_76_1_2004.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rouch, E. Title: L'agriculture pauvre du Sud-Ouest devant la croissance économique française Abstract: After having studied geographical, demographic and economical facts in the south-west, the author tries to take diastic measures to preserve which is worth to : in guiding the farmers according to the complementarity of the areas, the regional planing concerning particularly irrigation, by the industrial development which creates jobs for the agricultural manpower in excess, and at last by setting up democratically these measures. Otherwise, the region may only presents in the future an hypertrophied and weak center, with wilderness surrounded by deserts around spotted with feed oasis. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 76 Number: 350548 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350548 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350548/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_76_1_2005.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Garrigou, Jean Title: Essai de mesure des limites d'endettement et analyse de cas de faillite en agriculture Abstract: Studies have been carried out by the Caisse Régionale de Crédit Agricole du Lot-et-Garonne for knowing better farmers attitude with respect to credit. Farmers' debts are an everchanging actuality. To become acquainted with itts limits, a day by day analysis is necessary. The outlined method enables us to use by means of computers the results given by the accounts of the borrowers. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 76 Number: 350549 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350549 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350549/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_76_1_2006.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350549 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolland, Léon Title: Présentation de monographies d'exploitations pauvres Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 76 Number: 350550 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350550 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350550/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_76_1_2007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grignon, Claude Title: Les jeunes ruraux et l'école Abstract: The chances of school success and education are not equally shared at every step of the school curse, between the various social classes, the children belonging to the poorer classes being left behind or excluded. Agricultural Wage-earners and farmers' children are the most disadvantaged by the school system ; a peasant origine seems to increase the handicaps. This situation is probably the consequence of both the actual constraint hanging on young countrymen and the reticence of the traditional peasant society toward school. The evolution of the peasant society does not inevitably entail a change in the attitude of all the social groups that form it towards school ; the development of an innovating attitude depends on the social structure of the village community. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 76 Number: 350551 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350551 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350551/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_76_1_2008.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350551 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Title: Réflexions sur l'agriculture à temps partiel Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 76 Number: 350552 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350552 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350552/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_76_1_2009.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 76 Number: 350553 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350553 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350553/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_76_1_2010.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wampach, Jean-Pierre Title: Aspects économiques de la pauvreté chez les agriculteurs québécois Abstract: In Canada, rural poverty has been sufficiently recognized for public opinion to be aroused and for the legislative powers to take action. Prompted by the federal law A.R.D.A. concerning Country Planning and Agricultural Development (1961), research projects have been undertaken and programmes of action put into operation. To-day, the Value of these efforts, which are perhaps not sufficiently important, and the orientation of which may be contested, is being questioned. The writer attempts to sum up the present position and to situate problems and solutions in a global and regional perspective, by limiting his study to the families of Quebec farmers. The study of poverty according to its level, , ans its importance compared with the Quebec agricultural workers as a whole and Us geographical situation underlines its persistent nature. The elements of econoomic analysis which make up the second part are intended to explore the links between poverty and certain general economic factors and mecanisms, such as the productivity of labour and the adaptation of agriculture to economic growth. In a third part, the writer engages in a rapid survey oof agricultural policies and the general economic policy connected with poverty. An evaluation of these policies, particularly of the A.R.D.A. law is attempted w the light of, the economic analysis of the second part. Keywords: Food Security and Poverty Volume: 77 Number: 350554 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350554 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350554/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2011.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350554 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Bihan, Joseph Title: Note sur le paupérisme rural aux U.S.A. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 77 Number: 350555 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350555 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350555/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2012.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomine-Desmazures, Micheline Title: Diagnostic de la viabilité sociale de deux communes rurales Abstract: The research enquiries, the results of which are presented in this article, was intended to contribute towards an explanation of the varied nature of the reactions of rural communes affected by migration. A thorough enquiry was made in two villages which had, from the statistical point of view, identical characteristics and, therefore, appeared to be in a similar position. The psycho-sociological analysis reveals that the « social climate » and the possibilities of survival of the two villages are, in fact, totally different: whereas Neuville is a dynamic commune, Verrières is dwindling away. The discovery of close links between a series of attitudes and varieties of conduct, and the collective nature of the behaviours observed reveal lhat the « social health » of the community plays an essential part. The enquiries shows, moreover, that it is the particular conjunction of certain objective factors (climate, homes, crop system, communications) which in each case serves as the basis of a particular structuration of the sociological and psycho-sociological reality. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 77 Number: 350556 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350556 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350556/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2013.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350556 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Title: Mobilité professionnelle et amélioration des revenus des ménages agricoles, le cas des usines Citroën à Rennes Abstract: The result of an inquiry made in 1966-1967 into certain aspects of the socio-economic influences of a factor set up near one of the most under-developed regions of inland Brittany, provide elements for the analysis of the means by which and to what extent agricultural occupational mobility is a means of reducing the material poverty of- agricultural workers. Going to work in or factory means, first of all, the end of. low incomes for the workers changing occupations although the majority are only unskilled Workmen. Moreover, in the labour recruiting area industrial Wages tend to increase .the resources of agricultural households or families when the workman from an agricultural background continues to be a member of an agricultural house-hold (55,6 % of workmen who fomerly helped on the family farm live with their parents who are farmers) or as a secondary occupation, runs a farm himself 17, 6 % of those questioned). The number of cases in which, occupational mobility can be a source of equality for the man changing occupations or for his family , is limited by the reluctance of certain workers to leave their agricultural activity — but this reluctance is seen to be less important when the factory is near-by — and by the vequirements of industrial employers ,taking-on workers, especially as far as age and training are concerned. If it is false to believe that industrial decentralization will absorb all agricultural poverty, it does still represent the basis of the struggle against agricultural Workers low incomes. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Farm Management Volume: 77 Number: 350557 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350557 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350557/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2014.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbichon, Guy Title: Aspects psychologiques et sociaux du transfert des agriculteurs de l'agriculture vers l'industrie .. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 77 Number: 350558 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350558 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350558/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2015.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Garavel, L. Title: L'agriculteur de montagne Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 77 Number: 350559 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350559 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350559/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2016.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350559 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau, Pierre Title: Transferts sociaux et mutualité agricole Abstract: The financing of agricultural social security is difficult. The number af paying members is decreasing, the cost, of allowances is rising. Transfers in favour, of agriculture are, therefore, necessary, and are the counterpart of economic and demographic services rendered to the collectivity. The writer analyses, the supplementary Budget of Agricultural Social Benefits {B. A. P. S.A.) and the direction taken by their action at the moment.. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 77 Number: 350560 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350560 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350560/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2017.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350560 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Théodore Title: Problèmes de l'augmentation de la production agricole en Inde Abstract: The feeding of India poses urgent problems. The agricultural production often increases only slowly, its great reserves are exploited only superficially. After centuries of exhaustion, Indian agriculture is suffering from a semous lack, of energy and capital. The increase in the number of men engaged in agriculture has harmed the land structures and lowed its economic contribution. After having brieftly described the present situation, the writer examines the supply of fertilizes and machinery. According to the writer, the tractor occupies a key position. As the large scale importation of tractors is impossible, an increase in the national prosuctin of tractors is impossible, an increase in the national production is indispensible. However, even if this production receives the priority required by the plan, the complete modernization of agriculture will take several decades. Because of the special land-structure in India, only a small fractioon of the farms will be able to have their own tractors. Therefore, a system of collective use of tractors must be set up. Land-Structure and production technique condition and influence each other. New means of production will become fully effective only after serious land reform. But the latter would be doomed to failure if work continued folloving the old methods, and with the old tools. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 77 Number: 350561 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350561 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350561/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2018.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vilain, Philippe Title: L'orientation des exploitations de l'Artois jugée au travers d'un programme linéaire Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 77 Number: 350562 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350562 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350562/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2019.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350562 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 77 Number: 350563 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350563 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350563/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_77_1_2020.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350563 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perroux, François Title: Les unités motrices en agriculture Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 78 Number: 350564 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350564 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350564/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_78_1_2021.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350564 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: L'affrontement des courants de pensée libéral et planificateur dans l'élaboration de la politique agricole commune Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 78 Number: 350565 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350565 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350565/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_78_1_2022.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350565 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barberis, Corrado Title: Les régions agricoles en déclin : les mécanismes de redressement prévus par le FEOGA et les problèmes des structures Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 78 Number: 350566 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350566 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350566/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_78_1_2023.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350566 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dams, Theodor Title: Localisation des productions agricoles en République Fédérale d'Allemagne : évolution et causes Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 78 Number: 350567 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350567 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350567/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_78_1_2024.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Perspectives de changement dans la localisation et les techniques de production de viande bovine Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 78 Number: 350568 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350568 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350568/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_78_1_2025.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: La Rosa, A.-M. Title: L'impact des technologies nouvelles sur l'évolution, la localisation et l'écoulement des productions : le cas des fruits Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Productivity Analysis Volume: 78 Number: 350569 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350569 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350569/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_78_1_2026.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baillet, Claude Title: Evolution régionale de l'effectif des bovins, porcins et ovins dans la communauté Economique Européenne de 1954 à 1964 Abstract: In the absence of statistics standardized at Community level — these are now being prepared — the author uses national data to examine trends in stocks of cattle, pigs and sheep in the major administrative districts of the EEC member countries for the period 1954-64 (« 1955 » = averages 1954-56, and « 1963 » = averages 1962-64). This reveals a tendency towards the concentration of breeding of cattle and pigs in the north-west of Europe and of sheep-raising in the southern areas, particularly in France. The trend was moderate through the ten-year period examined, but it will probably gather momentum in coming years now that a common market in meat and dairy products has been established — a development which will necessitate appropriate measures, notably with regard to structures, to facilitate the trend, and which will also increase the need for Community -level statistics presented in an even more functional way. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 78 Number: 350570 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350570 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350570/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_78_1_2027.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiede, Günther Title: Variations de la production végétale dans les régions de la Communauté pour une période de dix années Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 78 Number: 350571 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350571 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350571/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_78_1_2028.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 78 Number: 350572 Year: 1968 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350572 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350572/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_78_1_2029.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.-B. Title: Michel Augé-Laribé, président fondateur de la Société Française d'Economie Rurale Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 79-80 Number: 350573 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350573 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350573/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2030.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350573 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Title: En guise de présentation Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 79-80 Number: 350574 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350574 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350574/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2031.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350574 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Chapitre 1: Agriculture et croissance économique Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 79-80 Number: 350575 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350575 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350575/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2033.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Chapitre 2: L'évolution interne du secteur agricole Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 79-80 Number: 350576 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350576 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350576/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2034.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tavernier, Yves Title: Chapitre 3: Action syndicale et comportement politique des paysans Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 79-80 Number: 350577 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350577 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350577/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2035.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.-B. Title: Chapitre 4: Avons-nous une politique agricole aujourd'hui ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 79-80 Number: 350578 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350578 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350578/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2036.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350578 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Chapitre 5. L'agriculture française et le marché commun Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 79-80 Number: 350579 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350579 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350579/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2037.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350579 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Poitevin, Jean Title: Chapitre 6. Petit dossier rétrospectif de l'agriculture française Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 79-80 Number: 350580 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350580 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350580/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2039.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dumard, Jean Title: Chapitre 7. Les transformations de la consommation des Français en vingt ans Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 79-80 Number: 350581 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350581 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350581/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2040.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350581 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, H. Title: Chapitre 8. Evolution des modes de commercialisation des produits agricoles 1958-1968 Keywords: Marketing Volume: 79-80 Number: 350582 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350582 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350582/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2041.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brown, Gabriel Title: Chapitre 9. Bilan de la politique française des prix et marchés agricoles 1948-1968 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 79-80 Number: 350583 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350583 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350583/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2042.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonastre, J.-B. Title: Chapitre 10. Industries d'amont et évolution agricole : le cas des productions végétales Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 79-80 Number: 350584 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350584 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350584/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2043.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350584 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vaylet, Jean-Louis Title: Chapitre 11. Le marché des immeubles ruraux en 1964 et 1965 Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 79-80 Number: 350585 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350585 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350585/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2044.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madec, J. Title: Chapitre 12. Réflexion à propos du marché des terres et de l'accession à la propriété foncière agricole Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 79-80 Number: 350586 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350586 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350586/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2045.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350586 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Claude Title: Chapitre 13. L'évolution de la population active agricole Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 79-80 Number: 350587 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350587 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350587/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2046.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350587 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Scao, Hervé Title: Chapitre 14. Evolution du crédit à l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 79-80 Number: 350588 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350588 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350588/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2047.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dauzier, J.-M. Title: Chapitre 15. Le crédit agricole et l'évolution du financement de l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 79-80 Number: 350589 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350589 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350589/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2048.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Author-Name: Rainelli, Pierre Title: Chapitre 16. Essai d'établissement des comptes de patrimoine de l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 79-80 Number: 350590 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350590 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350590/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2049.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chatanay, Jacques Author-Name: Richard, Philippe Title: Chapitre 17. Le développement de la formation et du calcul économique chez les agriculteurs Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 79-80 Number: 350591 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350591 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350591/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2050.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Théodore, Gérard Title: Chapitre 18. 1948-1968 ou la statistique agricole à mi-pente Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 79-80 Number: 350592 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350592 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350592/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2052.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350592 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Author-Name: Rainelli, Pierre Title: Chapitre 19. Vers une amélioration des comptes de l'agriculture en France Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 79-80 Number: 350593 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350593 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350593/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2053.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, Philippe Title: Chapitre 20. A propos d'un modèle d'organisation coopérative de l'agriculture Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 79-80 Number: 350594 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350594 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350594/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2054.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Chapitre 21. Peut-on faire une politique agricole ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 79-80 Number: 350595 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350595 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350595/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2055.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350595 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Chapitre 22. Vers l'introduction de la méthode expérimentale en économie rurale Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 79-80 Number: 350596 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350596 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350596/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_79_1_2056.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350596 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barberis, Corrado Title: Une enquête sur l'agriculture à temps partiel dans les zones industrielles de l'Italie Abstract: What are the various types of part time farmers ? Farmers-workers and worker farmers. How can they be statistically classified ? The author's report concern an original survey carried out for the most part in northen Italy, where a minority of farm units are exclusively agricultural. The alternation of activity concerns, according to the type of part time, either the farmer, his wife, or the other members of the family. What are the reasons which explain these differences in behaviour ? composition of the family, the type of farm, the amount of farm income compared with the income compared with the income from the outside occupation. Does civilized society, in the terms of A. Smith, tend towards a real division of labour ? It can be doubted. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 81-82 Number: 350597 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350597 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350597/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2058.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cihakova, Kveta Title: Caractéristique socio-économique des paysans-ouvriers et des ménages de paysans-ouvriers en Tchécoslovaquie Abstract: Families of part-time farmers do not represent more than 4,4 % of the total population. In the opinion of people living in towns ass well as in that of those living in the coutry this kind of double activity is condamned. These criticisms are not true to-day, in that part-time farmers working both a the factory and on their own plot are not concerned, but only families of which some members are at the same time farm-and industrial-workers : they have become workers members of a cooperative. The head of the family does not work at the cooperative ; his wife or his children work there only a tew days a year. In spite of this evolution, the cultural standard of these families does not rise as quickly as that of the other workers, because they do not enjoy as much free time. On the other hand their stantard of living is hioher : beig provided with food and lodging they car invest the rest of their income in their ower farms, in the improvement of the house or ofits equipment ; or in helping their children financially. In short : a paradox ! Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 81-82 Number: 350598 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350598 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350598/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2059.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harrison, Alan Title: L'agriculture à temps partiel en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles Abstract: The author analyses the development of part-time farming of a particular kind linked with an industrial and urban civilisation. From the Buckinghamshire experience, he analyses the close links existing between trade, industry and part-time farming. Then, he evaluatee the possibility of development of such a kind of part time farming on the continent. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 81-82 Number: 350599 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350599 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350599/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2060.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350599 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stankovic, Dusan Title: L'influence des changements socio-économiques à la campagne sur l'emploi de la main-d'œuvre féminine Abstract: In Yougoslavie, men are more inclined to more away from rural districts because they find work more easily than women. Though in private farm units female labour vastly out numbers male workers. Women add now agricultural work to their home tasks and crafts. They have become necessary in maintaining private farming. The author analyses the reasons for this changes and emphasizes the fact that this prevents women drom playing their part in a socialist society. He proposes various means to enable them to devote themselves to social activities and to realize their full possibilities. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 81-82 Number: 350600 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350600 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350600/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2061.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350600 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desthieux, B. Title: Possibilités d'amélioration de l'élevage de viande en Limousin Abstract: Is the highly specialised cattle breeding of Limousin competitive ? A somewhat more intensive grass production, a better management of the meat producing herd, an association of cattle breeders at the fattening-finishing stage are necessary. However, the commercial trend has to be altered : rathet than producing first class meat, the cattle breeders would do better to produce standard baby-beef for modern mass distribution and export to European countries. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 81-82 Number: 350601 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350601 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350601/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2063.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bornens, Jean Author-Name: Coutelle, Michel Title: Animation ou partage des responsabilités dans les études d'aménagement rural Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 81-82 Number: 350602 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350602 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350602/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2064.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350602 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Civiale Author-Name: Coutelle, Michel Author-Name: Eberhardt Author-Name: Marin Title: Contribution à la méthodologie des études d'aménagement rural : la zone d'évolution homogène Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 81-82 Number: 350603 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350603 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350603/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2065.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350603 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Calicis, Bernard Title: La demande de viande en Belgique (1950-1965) Abstract: A survey of the future evolution of the demand for meat has important consequences when an agricultural policy has to be defined. The author shows how different the futures of two branches such as beef and pork are. Or course, the influence of imports and exports can make more or less necessary the organisation of the national production. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 81-82 Number: 350604 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350604 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350604/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2066.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350604 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Falque, Max Title: Prévisions démographiques et équipement hydraulique d'une zone à vocation touristique : la Corniche des Maures Abstract: A long term demographic survey is necessary to estimate the future needs in water. This forbids the simple extrapolation of past trends. One must take into account the change introduced by changes in the way of life, in the distribution of jobs, in town planning... Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 81-82 Number: 350605 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350605 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350605/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2067.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Title: L'avenir de l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 81-82 Number: 350606 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350606 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350606/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2069.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Agriculture et développement économique Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 81-82 Number: 350607 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350607 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350607/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2070.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Avons-nous une politique agricole ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 81-82 Number: 350608 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350608 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350608/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2071.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350608 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: L'évolution interne du secteur agricole Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 81-82 Number: 350609 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350609 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350609/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2072.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Les liaisons entre la recherche, l'enseignement et la profession agricole Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 81-82 Number: 350610 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350610 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350610/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2073.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard, Philippe Title: Le développement de la comptabilité agricole Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 81-82 Number: 350611 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350611 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350611/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2074.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 81-82 Number: 350612 Year: 1969 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350612 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350612/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1969_num_81_1_2075.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350612 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Bihan, Joseph Title: Présentation Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 83 Number: 350613 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350613 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350613/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2076.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350613 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Czendes, Bela Author-Name: Laszlo, Janos Title: Développement et gestion de l'agriculture en Hongrie Abstract: After a period of strict and centralised planification, Hungary has adopted a more flexible and realistic system economic information given to the cooperatives, their national council being consulted before general policy is fixed. The change from peasant farming to cooperative firms has required considerable investment. Since agricultural prices are fixed, it is the non agricultural sectors which finally bear the weight of subsidies given to agriculture. It seems urgent that the cooperatives should be encouraged to finance their own investments by raising agricultural prices and by encouraginq an increase in the most profitable productions. Loans should be used more efficiently to develop and orientate agricultural production. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 83 Number: 350614 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350614 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350614/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2078.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wos, Augustyn Title: Economie et organisation de l'agriculture en Pologne Abstract: In Poland agriculture occupies an important place in the economy. The coexistence of state owred farms, cooperatives ond private farms complicates the management of agricultural production. In order to influence, and not direct, agricultural economy, the national plan works on the level of prices, contracts, investments. Price information is not sufficiently effective. The contract system which is highly developed in Poland, guarantees the disposal of products. By provinding selected means of production (seeds, chickens...) and by technical assistance given to the farmers, the firms delivering under contract make a considerable contribution to the modernisation of methods and the diffusion of progress. Contracts may be criticized for their cost and for a certain rigidity in exchanges. The contact system which has become less useful in its present form because of the technical level reached by Polish farms, will have to adapt itself to remain efficient. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 83 Number: 350615 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350615 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350615/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2079.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350615 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, François Title: Observations Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 83 Number: 350616 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350616 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350616/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2080.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Teran, Bernard Title: La nouvelle organisation de l'économie agricole et alimentaire en R.D.A. Abstract: Once the agricultural structures established in 1960, the East-German agricultural policy was directed toward the rize of the productivity : agriculture should become a dynamic sector of the economy. From 1966 - 67, the new economic planning system should accelerate this process. The main characteristic of the new system is that it tries to organize the agricultural economy by vertical branches. Agriculture should develop through horizontal and vertical cooperation where the processing industries should become the pole of development for the whole sector. The new conditions make the communitary work more efficient, the introduction of technical progress easier and assure the harmonic development of the food production. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 83 Number: 350617 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350617 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350617/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2081.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fleck, Joseph Title: Evolution de l'économie agricole en Tchécoslovaquie Abstract: The economic situation in Czechoslovakia : priority given to the production and the exportation of industrial products, and importation of agricultural products and food. The increase in food consumption which has been more rapid that in income transfer of agricultural labor to industry have jeopardized the economic balance A change is necessary. What should its aims be : to intensify agricultural production by developing the ancillary industries (feeding stuffs, seeds, fertilizers...) by unifying the management system of the agriculture and food sector, by transforming farms into independent production units. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 83 Number: 350618 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350618 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350618/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2082.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350618 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lom, Frantisek Title: Les circuits verticaux agriculture-industrie agricole et alimentaire en Tchécoslovaquie Abstract: Vertical connections Between Agriculture and Food Industries in Czecho-Slovakia Czechoslovakian agriculture and the sectors with which it is closely related are now entering a decisive stage of their scientific technical and economic evolution. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 83 Number: 350619 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350619 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350619/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2083.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350619 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonastre, J.-B. Title: Approvisionnement de l'agriculture et diffusion du progrès Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 83 Number: 350620 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350620 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350620/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2084.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350620 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kaminski, Wanda Title: Tendances récentes des industries alimentaires en Pologne Abstract: Through the existing integration between agriculture and food industries in Poland, this sector can be rationally organized. The new agricultural policy (1966-75) is based on these contractual ties. Seasonal variations and optimal localization of factories with respect to production are two problems difficult to solve. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 83 Number: 350621 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350621 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350621/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2086.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gero, Georges Title: Les liaisons verticales par branches de l'industrie alimentaire hongroise Abstract: Vertical Connections Between Branches in the Hungarian Food Industry Based on a comprehensive analysis of the natural conditions and the technological possibilities, the economic reformation of 1967 aims at a better specialization of agriculture and a better allocation of the productive ressources. The objectives of this reformation are to obtain a harder concentration, a horizontal integration through specialization, a suipple planning adapted to the world market and to the home market and a vertical integration in order to realize an optimal allocation of the food industries. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 83 Number: 350622 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350622 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350622/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2087.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350622 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Borak, E. Title: La coopération verticale dans l'économie agricole et alimentaire tchécoslovaque Abstract: In Czechoslovakia, a central body of a new kind, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, is in charge of organizing the vertical integration between agriculture and food industries and also the food supply of the population. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 83 Number: 350623 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350623 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350623/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2088.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tamas, G. Title: Problèmes de la coopération verticale en Hongrie Abstract: The author notes four stages in the food and agricultural sector : farm supply, agricultural production, food industries and distribution. As for the relationship between the two intermediate stages, he stresses the responsability of the food industry which is well situated to inform the producers of the market situation and to supply technical aid and means of production. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 83 Number: 350624 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350624 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350624/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2089.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kaminski, Wanda Title: Les industries alimentaires et l'appareil de distribution en Pologne Abstract: In order to satisfy the food requirements of the Hungarian population, in quantity and in quality, the marketing channels have to be appropriate. In this field, the responsability of the industry is growing as it is in charge of the financing. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 83 Number: 350625 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350625 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350625/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2091.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350625 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gero, Georges Title: Organisation et perspectives de la production alimentaire en Hongrie Abstract: Up till the economic reformation, the relationship between food production and marketing was characterized by a heavy centralization. A market information has been instituted towards consumers and producers which allows freer négociations. There is not yet a free competition between firms : prices are still regulated, supply scanty and monopolies far from disappearing. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 83 Number: 350626 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350626 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350626/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2092.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350626 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prusova, Félicitas Title: L'organisation de la distribution alimentaire en Tchécoslovaquie Abstract: Processing and distribution are more and more interrelated. The new Czecho-Slovakian economic system accounts for the necessity of competition between state trading and cooperative trading and between industrial firms. Through this competition the commercial firms should be able to choose their trading partners. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 83 Number: 350627 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350627 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350627/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2093.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350627 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prusova, Félicitas Title: Les études du marché de produits alimentaires Abstract: A free competition market system demands systematical studies of the market. For foodstuff, family budgets and retail turnover help the economists to establish short term trends of consumption. Long run trends demand the cooperation of technicians, doctors, sociologists, etc... Industrial and commercial firms use the operational studies made by the Home Trade. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 83 Number: 350628 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350628 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350628/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2094.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Komlo, Lazlo Title: Révolution agraire et industrialisation du complexe alimentaire hongrois Abstract: The industrialization of the Hungarian agriculture has been slow Methodological errors were committed (exagerated centralization, state monopolies, disproportionate goals of planning) and necessitated an economic reformation. Agriculture and food industries are now put under the same Ministry. A trend of increased autonomy, concentration and specialization of farms is noticeable. The farms are tied to the industrial firms by contracts protecting the interests of both parties. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 83 Number: 350629 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350629 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350629/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2095.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 83 Number: 350630 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350630 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350630/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_83_1_2096.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350630 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernis, Gérard de Title: Découpage des régions et nature économique de leur contenu Abstract: A region can no longer be simply the result of a historical process, but a deliberate construction, both the expression and the condition governing a policy. The chief functions of the region are planning, coordination, déconcentration and participation. However it must be admitted that regional policies in fact do not correct any of the imbalances which the concentration of capitalist investments only increase. The regional authorities and the State, faced whith this tendency, are obviously unable to correct these regional inequalities. Does the concept of the « region » have an economic content ? For the writer, the division into regions must be the result of forecasts and normative studies. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 84 Number: 350631 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350631 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350631/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2097.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350631 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinchemel, Philippe Title: L'équilibrage des pouvoirs entre Paris et les régions Abstract: The division of France into «départements», a result of the Revolution 1789, by suppressing provincial capitals, « deregionalised » the country and created an omnipresent and totally centralising authority in all fields, and consequently often arbitrary and indeed inefficient. The policy of the balance of power between the main cities since it was too abstract has been unable to give rise to organised and powerful regions. A true local authority cannot exist without indépendance, competent people in charge, responsability and solidarity. The whole country tries to follow Paris pace. Henceforth it is Paris which from now on must follow the pace of France as a whole. Régionalisation cannot be achieved without Paris ; even less against Paris. Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 84 Number: 350632 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350632 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350632/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2098.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350632 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barral, Pierre Title: Les étapes du régionalisme dans les organisations agricoles Abstract: The development of régionalisation is marked by three periods, that of « local notabilities » divided by the well known ideological rivalry of the « rue d'Athènes » and the « Boulevard Saint-Germain ». Brought up to date m 1930 by a professional movement, this traditional agrarianism was swept away in 1944 by the regionalism of to day's leaders. Nevertheless their representatives have still a very small part to play in the attempts at the setting up of regional anthorities which have been made. In spite of the result of the referendum in Spring 1969, the problem of régionalisation is still not solved. It is an essential one for agriculture. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 84 Number: 350633 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350633 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350633/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2099.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pelissier, Jacques Title: Régionalisation et déconcentration administrative : rôle du Préfet de Région Abstract: The region and the local authority : role of the « Préfet de région » Representing at first the authority of the State, the authority of the Préfet de Region has increased as far as of the coordination, control, proposals and decisions are concerned. The decisions at the county level are made by the Mission régionale, the Conférence administrative régionale and the CODER. The attempt to reduce the importance of Central Government is still limited. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 84 Number: 350634 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350634 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350634/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2100.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350634 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cannat, N. Title: Une expérience pilote d'information de masse dans le cadre d'un plan de développement régional concerté à long terme : le Nord-Finistère Abstract: To promote economic and social development of an area in Brittany, the SEMENF (1) was set up. This board engaged in various development actions, trained leaders set up new institutions. It appeared necessary also io inform the whole population of the area in order that it should become more responsive and participate more. The SARES, a private consulting firm, was responsible for this. It first studies the farming and rural population of the area and determined sub groups. The information program could then be launched using small groups, working at each level. They were helped by special teams of social workers using specialy prepared informational material. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 84 Number: 350635 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350635 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350635/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2101.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350635 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Solignac-Lecomte, François Title: L'Association interprofessionnelle pour l'élaboration d'une politique concertée lait-viande en Basse-Normandie Abstract: Meat and milk privide 87 % of the value of farm production in the Basse Normandie region. The LVBN Association regroups all concerned in order to discuss decisions, to plan development, to manage the various firms and farms concerned as if they one firm. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 84 Number: 350636 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350636 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350636/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2102.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350636 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eberhardt Title: Développement régional : deux expériences d'animation en Basse-Normandie Abstract: Report on two development programs in the Calvados département : rural crafstmen in St-Pierre-sur-Dives, farming in Creully. This analysis leads to a study of the respective roles of the people involved and of the extension personnel in this type of program. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 84 Number: 350637 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350637 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350637/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2103.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350637 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leynaud, Emile Title: L'aménagement rural et la région : problèmes de méthodes Abstract: It is impossible to understand change in rural society to day and to try to influence it without referring to an all round conception of planning. There are two kinds of studies, broad surveys and sector analysis. This information, to be used in decision making has to be precise, practical and understandable. Each survey should answer these questions : where, why, how must we act ? The State orders more and more country planning surveys. A methodology and a philosophy of this type of surveys have thus been developed. Country planning cannot be inspired by an autarcie idea of rural development. It should on the contrary support local and external initiatives to realize the goals fixed. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 84 Number: 350638 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350638 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350638/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2104.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350638 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Méthodologie des études d'aménagement rural : les offreurs d'étude Abstract: The SATEC in France profits from the experience acquired in the development of twenty countries in Europe and overseas. The achievements presented here illustrate this contribution to the study of country planning : direction of experimental areas in Dordogne and Jura, craft and industrial development programs in the Loire, agricultural programs in the Gard, camping in Morbihan... Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 84 Number: 350639 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350639 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350639/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2105.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350639 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muet, Pierre-Alain Title: Les mouvements interrégionaux de population et le passage de l'emploi agricole à l'emploi non agricole Abstract: Since the last two general census, the geographic mobility of people between the various regions are more or less known while their causes remain more obscure. Migrants from agriculture generally find in town unskilled labourer positions. A better education would improve a migration always painful for the farmer. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 84 Number: 350640 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350640 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350640/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2106.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nidenberg, Simone Title: Plan national - Plan régional Abstract: The fire cast and the goals fixed by Nation planning coincide on the county level with the branch of national finance involved in the county planning realizations. This county planning is prepared by the « Préfet de région » helped by the « Mission régionale » and various bodies. County planning requires a better information. The « Opération 75 » will enable us to define a solution on the county level linked with a given agricultural policy. It includes a description of the future of the counties, a comparison with the national scheme leading to decision making on the level of the nation and of the county. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 84 Number: 350641 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350641 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350641/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2107.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 84 Number: 350642 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350642 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350642/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_84_1_2108.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deroo, Marc Title: Situation statistique du cheptel bovin et évolution récente Abstract: The statistical situation of herds and recent developments The total number of cattle, two thirds are composed of dairy cows, has, from 1963-1969, continued to tend more and towards a type of production where meats is only a by-product or side-line compared with the production which is particularly shown by an increase in dairy cattle in large stables and by the development of these stables, is restricted only by a maked tendences of farms of more than 20 ha to give up stock-raising to devote themselves to other productions. Perhaps only farms of more than 50 ha situated in Central France have a slight tendency to develop meat production independently from that of milk. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350643 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350643 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350643/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2109.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350643 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Title: La place de la viande bovine dans les divers types d'agriculture Abstract: The position of meat in various types of agriculture measures which could influence their evolution The great diversity within French agriculture makes necessary an analysis of the reaction of these different types to government measures in order that an efficient policy of encouragement of beef may be defined. Farms are classified in homogeneous sub-groups according to their behaviour when faced with growth area and stock between 1963 and 1967. This classification bears out the hypothesis according to which it is the coincidence between the periods favourable to autofinancing in the family, a favorable market situation and, perhaps, some form of technical progress, which brings about a growth in family farms. The most developed ones have an average size of 18-20 hectares in 1963 and include the highest proportion of young farmers. The farms are in first phase of life, that is to say they are set up and are getting off the ground. The type of stock-raising practised (young, lean animals, or fattening of steers) depends on the type of growth adopted : development or similarity with use of factors at the beginning of growth. A coherent policy must have influence at all levels : production of lean meat, fattening, slaughtering, sales. The limitation of the production of lean meat prevents any rapid increase in the production of meat and makes the setting up of industrial forms of fattening difficult. In some regions in Central France, it is possible to turn towards the ranch-type farm. More generally an intensive, integrated system seems to be the easiest solution to generalize. It all depends on the future evolution of land structures an the professional qualifications of the breeders. An excessive increase in age in the active population engaged in agriculture could prevent the efforts to rationalize stock-raising. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350644 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350644 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350644/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2110.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350644 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: L'offre de viande bovine Abstract: In spite of the lack of statistical data concerning the development in the numbers of the different categories of cattle, it appears that the number of cows is no longer increasing at the rythm of 2 '/*> per year. In the absence of detailed and regular observation of the different types of cattle, it is difficult to deduce accurate indications of the probable development of beef supply. In the second part of the article are presented the results of micro-economic research wich enable us to outline certain conditions necessary for the expansion of this production. From two studies using simulation models one carried out in Aubrac for the production of cattle for fattening, the other in Brie for cattle-fattening, it emerges that the main obstacles to an increase in beef-production are : an unsatisfactory price-ratio between meat and cereals, the difficulties encountered by land-concentration in the areas where large-scale stock-raising could be envisaged, the uncertainty of the commercialisation of fattened cattle, especially of baby beef. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350645 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350645 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350645/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2111.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coléou, Julien Title: Le progrès technique permettra-t-il de séparer à leur tour les productions bovines du système de polyculture-élevage ? Abstract: The industrialization process of beef production is already under way on a large scale in some countries especially in the U.S.A. In Europe, units specializing in the production of fattened cattle are still relatively undeveloped. On the other hand units producing calves for slaughter have taken on a certain importance over the past few years. This development is conditioned by the evolution in food technology : cereals, the means of intensification and industrialization of American beef production, are too expensive in Western Europe to allow such a development. The dehydration of fodder provides a means of developing this production. The second factor limiting the industrial development of beef in Europe is to be found in the difficulty of finding supplies of calves. II is difficult on a large scale to convert dairy-herds into herds or cows for meat production. The possibilities presented by the obtaining of twin-births may soon help to vrovide a partial solution to this problem. Some precautions could allow disastrous experiments to be avoided. The search for balance in the management of public slaughter-houses is not Utopian. But it will be difficult as long as local authorities do not seek advice concerning building and management for meat specialists. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350646 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350646 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350646/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2112.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350646 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chataigner, Jean Title: A quelle vitesse les modèles d'élevage de demain peuvent-ils se généraliser et modifier la localisation des productions de viande bovine ? Abstract: Little research in France is directly concerned with the estimation of the rate of diffusion of technical progress and the speed with which animal produce markets, especially beef-production, are set up. The paper presented here is, thus, exploratory. It does not dwell on the question of localization. After having shown the ambiguity of what is known as a cattle-breeding model, we intend to examine the manner in which diffusion of specialised types of activities depends on the degree of control attained on the technical and economic levels. Taking examples from the activities of a dairy-herd, it can be shown how each of them has developed over the last few years. Going on to deal with the activities of a meat producing herd, we try to pick out the factors which may be favourable to their rapid diffusion. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350647 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350647 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350647/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2113.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350647 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brouard, Philippe Title: L'organisation de la production de veaux de boucherie en France Keywords: Productivity Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350648 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350648 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350648/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2114.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350648 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cranney, J. Author-Name: Evrard, Pascal Title: Les techniques actuelles de production bovine provoquent-elles l'éclatement du système de polyculture-élevage ? Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350649 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350649 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350649/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2115.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lebert, Yves Title: Le financement des productions bovines Abstract: Beet production requires large quantities of capital. Moreover these vary over the year. The income obtained varies greatly according to the type of stock-raising concerned. Depending on the structure of the farm, it is not always possible for its head to obtain the capital necessary for the running of the farm on meat production alone. Forms of financing should consist, partly of amortizable loans, and the rest of loans to be renewed periodically. Beef production does not pay its way in small farms. The production of baby-beef becomes competitive in farms with a high proportion or arable land. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350650 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350650 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350650/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2116.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350650 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liénard, Georges Author-Name: Deudon, D. Title: The profitability division of the C.G.A Abstract: Faced with the improvements and specialisation in milk production, one must study the possibilities of an increase in beef production with herds which do not market milk. Is it possible to envisage herds specialised in the production of « lean » meat ? In collaboration with zootechnicians we are studying the economic advantages of possible technical improvements on the level of the farm, and hope to determine the best adapted production systems. A first model was built for Aubrac. On large-sized grass-growing farms, with summer pastures, the production system is basically that of lean meat. The optimal area of mountain pasture required is between 50 and 100 % of the basic grass-producing area. The fattening of a certain number of steers is possible when the price of cereals decreases or when they can be grown the labour force is sufficiently great. The number of weaned calves per cow is the zootechnical factor having the greatest economic influence. With a high weaning rate, the stock-raising system is made « younger » and more firmly directed towards lean meat. Large scale farms, control of the weaning rate and the régularisation of the selling price of « lean meat » : such are the conditions necessary for specialisation toward the production of calves intended for fattening. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350651 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350651 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350651/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2117.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ortavant, R. Title: Quelques perspectives d'avenir ouvertes par les recherches zootechniques pour les productions de viande bovine : maîtrise de la reproduction Abstract: The technical problems posed by beef-production are linked to the production and growth of young animals and to social restrictions in animal production. In order to increase the productivity of a meat-herd, a certain number of possibilities are provided by zoo- technical research : — The control of the sexual cycles by the blocking of certain functions of the hypophysis : 25 days after treatment, 80 to 85 per cent of the cows treated can be pregnant ; — increase in the fertility of the herd by selection; — increase in the fertility by provoked superovulation : 25 per cent of twinbirths have thus been obtained amongst French Friesan «r Pie Noire » cows ; — control of parturition ; — control of thé social structure of groups of cattle. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 85 Number: 350652 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350652 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350652/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2118.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mornet, P. Title: Sommes-nous maîtres des risques pathologiques ? Abstract: In his paper, the writer first considers the direct and indirect costs of disease, the evolution in pathology over the last twenty years (influenced partly by the evolution of stock-reasing techniques and the importation of animal stock especially in the case of poultry), the methods used to combat disease. Special mention is made of the need for the application of economic principles to the estimation and prevention of pathological risks, in conjunction with the increase in our knowledge of epidemics. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350653 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350653 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350653/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2119.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Broussolle, Claude Title: L'intégration verticale et son action sur la production de viande Abstract: Integration in meat production is developing slowly and is meeting many difficulties. The uncertain nature of this kind of production is not limited only to unorganized structures, it is to be found also, to a lesser degree, in integrated units and is to be explained by the present impossibility of regulating efficiently the flow of animals and products. This impossibility is linked, on the one hand, to the nature of biological phenomena, not yet entirely under control, on which production activities depend and, on the other hand, on the irregularity of the demand. This situation is worsened by the very vulnerable state of the meat-producing industry's structures in France. For these various reasons, vertical integration, as it is practised at the moment, does not necessarily ensure a satisfactory adjustment of supply and demand. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350654 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350654 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350654/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_2120.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Bohan, J. Title: La coopérative des jeunes bovins de Champagne Keywords: Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350655 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350655 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350655/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_4256.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350655 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Courvoisier, M. Author-Name: Hossenlopp, Joseph Title: Problèmes d'évolution et de restructuration de l'industrie de l'abattage des bovins Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350656 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350656 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350656/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_4257.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350656 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Bourdonnaye, A. Title: Peut-on faire des abattoirs publics un outil économique? Abstract: How can one eliminate the management deficit of the French public slaughter-houses which have not yet been modernized, enlarged or built ? This deficit concerns a great number of oublie slaughterhouses and the author describes the symptoms and analyses the means by which it can be reduced. The are only palliative measures which prevent the closing of establishments with a deficit, the permanent aid provided by municipal funds presents serious disadvantages. This diagnosis shows that the municipal slaughter-house cannot satisfy the demands of a public service either from the point of view of hygiene and public health or that of tax evasion. Many restrictions oblige the slaughter-house to be a vast, highly perfected organism, difficult to manage. Local authorities are weither prepared nor equipped, even making use of the services of only one user, to build and direct such establishments. The 1965 law seems to be already out-of-date. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350657 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350657 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350657/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_4258.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duley, M. Author-Name: Beaudouin, D. Title: Exigence et évolution de la distribution de la viande bovine Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350658 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350658 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350658/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_4259.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350658 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubois, Louis Title: Les exigences de la boucherie moderne. Le cas des boucheries Bernard Abstract: The feat of selling best quality meat at competitive prices has been accomplished by Bernard's, the Butchers, by simplifying services, by directing sales according to the prices of the market, by buying in bulk. The financing of purchases is facilitated by the «new» money obtained from sales direct to the public. But supply remains difficult. The average customer has fixed tastes and limited buying power ; the French market offers irregular and heterogeneous products. It is necessary to import. The standardization of quality and cutting-up would allow the branch to be organized by contrats. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350659 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350659 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350659/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_4260.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350659 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fouquet, A. Title: L'évolution de la demande viande en quantité et en qualité Abstract: The growth in food consumption with the increase in income is tending to slow down, for the demand to which this consumption corresponds is satisfied at a certain level of income already attained in developed countries. This case of meat consumption which represents more than a third of the expenditure of a family on food. This proportion is still increasing and will reach 38 % in 1975. The adjustment of econometric models linking the evolution of consumption and that of income and prices as they are defined by surveys and the chronological series permitting a classification of meats according to the degree in which they are affected by variations in income or prices, and to establish forecasts meat demand in 1975. The forecast thus obtained expressed in constant currency takes into account the Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 85 Number: 350660 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350660 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350660/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_4261.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350660 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Title: La production de viandes végétales Abstract: Cereal and animal proteins share a certain past (the Experience of Beccari in 1728, Liebig's Hydrolysats, etc). However most new synthetic meats appearing in the U.S. are not derived from cereals but from a vegetable plant : soja. Huge milling groups have created and put on the market these new Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 85 Number: 350661 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350661 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350661/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_4262.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guibert, Lucien Title: Les débouchés extérieurs offerts aux viandes bovines et les conditions de leur exploitation Abstract: Foreign markets accessible to beef and the conditions of taking advantage of them In Western Europe, beef production has difficulty in keeping abreast of consumption. The deficits is considerable : for 1975 it is estimated at 850.000 tons for western Europe and a 600.000 tons for the E.E.C. In order to attempt to satisfy European demand, French beef-production must, on the one hand, adapt its types of production to foreign demand and, on the other, improve its production, slaughtering and commercialization structures. It is on these two conditions that the French potential in fodder and stock will be able to take advantage of a very favourable situation. Success would seem to be linked to the creation of organized units, capable of systematizing production, sales methods and economic and commercial relation. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 85 Number: 350662 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350662 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350662/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_4263.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350662 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 85 Number: 350663 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350663 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350663/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_85_1_4265.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350663 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiede, Günther Title: Evolution de la production et de la consommation alimentaires de la Communauté Européenne de 1958-59 à 1966-67 Abstract: The basic data of this study are the figures of supply published by the EEC statistical office. A system of equivalent units (equivalents in wheat) enables us to estimate on the basis of characteristics suchas the total value of the Agricultural Product and to compare animal production and crop production. Taking into account the bias inherent in this method and in spite of the imprecision of statistical sources, one can see that for the period considered the production of the EEC has shown a bigger increase than the requirements of the EEC'S internal market. The self sufficiency of this market has increased from 91 % to 96 %. The French production has gone up by 50 %; as far as the other countries are concerned, this increase can be ascribed to an increase in feeding stuffs imports. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 86 Number: 350664 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350664 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350664/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_86_1_2121.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Author-Name: Viallon, J.-B. Title: Réflexions sur le Plan Mansholt Abstract: The purpose of the article is to suggest an economic analysis of the situation of our agriculture and thus to emphasize the limits of the Mansholt Plan. The main faults are : 1) The ignorance of the opportunity cost principle which lead the authors to arbitrary computations of sizes of production units and to an underestimation of the impact of general economic conditions on agriculture. 2) An inadequate appraisal of the forces leading to the growth of agricultural supply and as a recuit to agricultural surpluses. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 86 Number: 350665 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350665 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350665/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_86_1_2122.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350665 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lévy-Lambert, H. Author-Name: Papoz, J.-C. Title: Coûts et avantages pour la nation de l'évolution des structures agricoles Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the advantages to the state of an accelerated modernization of farms. This by introducing a policy encouraging the increase in farm size and the departure of the population, the farmer leaving the land are enabled to contribute towards greater added value in other branches of the economy, while agricultural enterpizes can obtain an increase in the efficiency of invested capital and reduce the consumption of production factors. This increase in productivity requires the collectivity to make an effort to improve the reception of migrants, professional training and the finding of employment but the estimations made for the 1970-85 period show that the balance sheet for the whole is very favourable. It should therefore be possible, adthough the study has not touched on this point, to introduce measures which would make this modrenization of agricultural structures advantageous both the farmer and the tax payer. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 86 Number: 350666 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350666 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350666/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_86_1_2123.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350666 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chatanay, Jean-Noël Author-Name: Cotton, Guy Author-Name: Nallet, Henri Title: La fiscalité et l'agriculture Abstract: For technical and sociological reasons agriculture has until now had the benefit of a special tax system. This system merely reflects the types of production and commercialization structures in agriculture. As these strutures gradually become indistinguishable from those of industrial economies, the tax system applied to agriculture will tend to resemble more and more that applicable to other branches. A first importante step was the application of the Tax on Added Vaine to adopt in order to take this step: economic studies, negotiations with the ministry of finance, professionnal information and action. The taking up of this position marks a speculator evolution of the attitude of the leaders of farmers' organizations not oniz towards taxation but in a mose general way in their conception of agricultural economics. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 86 Number: 350667 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350667 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350667/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_86_1_2124.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350667 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guinard, André Title: Evaluation du travail et des terres disponibles dans les exploitations paysannes Abstract: The intermingling of tasks and croqs in family farms makes considerably more complicated the estimation of input available according to the classical analytical method. This evaluation is much more easy to make globally. The information given by traditional agricultural surveys enable one to calculate the number of days' labour necessary for the cultivation of one «r are » and the minimum percentage of fallow necessary for fertility to be maintained in a given production system. These standards applied to the cultivated areas of farms having similar technical and economic characteristics give, by showing the difference between their total resources, the labour and land which can be devoted to new activities because they are at present insufficiently utilized. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use Volume: 86 Number: 350668 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350668 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350668/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_86_1_2125.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350668 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 86 Number: 350669 Year: 1970 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350669 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350669/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1970_num_86_1_2126.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350669 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neuray, Georges Title: L'agriculture en l'an 2000 : essai de prospective Abstract: Agriculture in the year 2000 - Food consumption must be considered differently in rich countries from those where are food shortages. For these, present-day technology, if used, will enable the population to be supplied in the middle run notwithstanding the increasing numbers of the population. Technical progress, in spite of the upheaval and the fears that it has caused, will continue in agriculture as in the other fields of human activity. During the last centuries evolution has given way to a constant limitation of the outlets in the western countries for nearly all agricultural products; this trend will remain in spite of all the work done to intensify and control the production. Agricultural problems will remain, for to an ever improving productivity, for the benefit af all consumers, will correspond a relative decrease in outlets. States will be faced as now, with increasing difficulties which will be still more complicated by the developpment of the food processing industry and by the necessity of taking to a greater extent the influence of diet on the health of people into account. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 87 Number: 350670 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350670 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350670/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_87_1_2131.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350670 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Léon, Yves Author-Name: Rainelli, Pierre Title: L'agriculteur et les autres catégories professionnelles face à l'épargne Abstract: The behaviour of the farmer and other social categories towards saving - The models proposed by modern economists to explain the financial behaviour of all social categories are not entirely satisfactory as far as farmers are concerned. This is explained by the fact that the family and the business are closely lirked and must accumulate the necessary capital. The difference in savings behaviour between farmers and wage-earners has been established by the results of random surveys. The existence of a savings function specific to farmers characterized by high average and marginal propensities to save and by the influence of patrimony on the savings level can be observed. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 87 Number: 350671 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350671 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350671/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_87_1_2132.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350671 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Title: Comptes économiques régionaux et disparités dans l'agriculture française Abstract: Regional economic accounts and disparities in French agriculture - The input-output analysis, on the regional level, sheds light on the mechanisms determining the appearance of interregional disparities, especially as far as income is concerned. This type (of analysis poses problems connected With the absence, at present, of satisfactory accounts. The input not paid for are estimated according to the prices paid for those that are bought. The basic estimations are approximate because of the lack of knowledge concerning interregional flows. The estimations tore made in national average constant prices for 1953-1955 and 1962-1964. The differences in input structure in the productivity of labour and in the productivity of factors have been taken into account. The percentage of labour in the total input (input of the factors + non agricultural input) decreases from 75 % (1953-1955) to 62 % (1962-1964), the percentage of capital increases from 18 % to 31 %. The land factor varies very little. In 1962-1964, the Paris area, Picardie and Champagne were clearly differentiated from the other regions by the importance of the input in capital. A second class includes Haute-Normandie, the 'Centre, the Nord and Lorraine. They make relatively greater use of labour. Finally, it is in Limousin, Aquitaine, Auvergne and Alsace that the percentage of labour is highest and that of capital lowest. For 'labour productivity in 1962-1964, the better-off regions are the Paris area, which is clearly ahead, then Picardie, the Nord, Champagne, and Upper-Normandy. The regions lagging behind are the MidiPyrenes, Limousin, Auvergne and Aquitaine. As to the changes in labour and factor productivity between the two periods, the uncertainty of the data inclines us to be particularly cautious. These changes do not seem to be connected with the relative situation of the regions in 1953-55. Some regions with a low productivity level during the first period, have caught up to a certain extent on the national average. Some of the regions which were already ahead in 1953-55 have strengthened their relative position. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 87 Number: 350672 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350672 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350672/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_87_1_2133.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350672 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cellier, Renée Title: Dans un groupe d'exploitations familiales : les facteurs de croissance ou de survie Abstract: In a group of family farms : the factors of survival and growth - The examples taken in a group of «average » and « small » (43 % have vineyards of less than 5 hectares and 71 % less than 7 hectares) family Wine-growing farms, show that those farms which seem likely to survive or to increase their size are not necessarily those where intensive farming is practised nor those which are best managed. Too many other factors are concerned : age, family responsibilities, possibilities of inheriting, supplementary income, capital free for investment, the proportion of land actually owned by the farmer. Usually several favourable factors must be united to allow a considerable increase in size of the farm. In spite of the need for greater surface felt and expressed by the farmers, it must be admitted that factors hindering the growth in size - especially the lack of capital to invest - are as numerous as the factors of growth. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 87 Number: 350673 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350673 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350673/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_87_1_2134.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350673 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoine, Louis Title: « Mentalité rurale » et évolution Abstract: On the rural mentality and change - Twenty-six individual studies followed by interviews enable a comparison between technical evolution, the change in social structure, in behaviour and in mentality to be made. In conclusion the hypothesis is put forward that if equipment in the branches studied have changed considerably, behaviour and structures have followed with some delay, whereas the mentatity is still largely that of another age. Many people have not the mental structures necessary to understand life to-day, and feel ill at ease. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 87 Number: 350674 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350674 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350674/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_87_1_2135.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350674 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: Le paradoxe du chômage déguisé et ses conséquences Abstract: The paradox of hidden unemployment and its consequences - Most economic development models make use of the well-known phenomenon of hidden unemployment as the keystone of growth, a phenomenon which seems to offer interesting potentialities in the realization of a by no means certain « take-off ». Nevertheless one must be careful how one uses this concept for, on the one hand, it has not yet given rise to a conclusive theoretical analysis accepted by all writers on the subject, and on the other, experience has shown how difficult it is to absorb the Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 87 Number: 350675 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350675 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350675/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_87_1_2136.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350675 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guinard, André Title: Evaluation rapide de la dimension minimum d'un projet de production de thé Abstract: Rapid estimation of the minimum size of a project tea - The size of a project is often difficult to determine when the resources in production factors are not limited, which is often the case at first. Nevertheless it is possible to estimate rapidly the minimum size which minimizes fixed costs per unit of product and thus ensures the highest return. The fixed costs to be considered here are only those which increase by steps with the size of the project. In the case of tea-production, the study shows that the main element is the full use of a drier even in the season of lowest production. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 87 Number: 350676 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350676 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350676/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_87_1_2137.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350676 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 87 Number: 350677 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350677 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350677/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_87_1_2138.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baillet, Claude Title: L'exploitation agricole et son avenir dans la communauté économique européenne Abstract: Farms and their future within the EEC - The text below contains extracts from two lectures given to representatives of the agricultural professions of two French Départements during the winter 1970- 1971. In the first part the author describes Me present factures of farms and farmers within the EEC. In particular he points out that the six million or so farms which existed in the Community in 1966-67 were extremely disparate and that most of them provided insufficient incomes for the farmers ; most than three quarters of agricultural work being done by family members. The majority of farmers are old and three quarters of them have no potential successor ; furthermore, the technological level of the farmers is very low. In the second part Mr. Baillet shows what prospects are offered to agriculture between now and 1980 by the proposals of the Commission of the European Communities : by that time farmers will only number 3.2 million, and 1.3 million of them, as a result of the exceptional efforts which are planned, will be at the head of up-to-date undertakings ; still employing 6 % of the population, agriculture will provide about 5 to 6 % of the gross internal product. The author also explains the deep motives behind the Commission's proposals and goes on to describe the complex political manœuvre which faces the EEC Council of Ministers. Finally, he forecasts a marathon session ending with positive results. This marathon did indeed take place in the shadow of the farmers' demonstrations which are now part of history -- and finished on 25 March with an agreement which is outlined in a postscript. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 89 Number: 350678 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350678 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350678/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2139.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350678 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Wilde, Robert Title: Un avenir pour l'Europe agricole Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 89 Number: 350679 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350679 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350679/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2140.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350679 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fourquie, M. Title: Synthèse nationale de la situation des exploitations agricoles en 1962 Abstract: National synthesis of the situation of the farms in 1962. Evolution form 1959 to 1969 -The specialized division of synthetical studies has carried out an analysis of the French agriculture based on the agricultural census of 1963. A typology called « land utilization » (similar to that used by the accountancy) was used for 180 groups of agricultural areas. This analysis through which 5 000 productions systems could be described, was subject to syntheses by geographical areas and then to a national synthesis. The latter revealed distributions of log-normal type of the farm size, production or income. Besides, it stresses the importance of tfe final production per unit which is as important as the notion of acreage. The classification of farms according to their final production per unit can be assumed stable as their distribution is equally of a log-normal type. Besides, the average R.B.E. per farm calculated at the level of each intensification class is relatively constant, irrespective of the value of the average final production per unit. This result indicates that the agricultural structures seem to adapt themselves to the income derived from the land. This relative constancy of the structure of the production account observed during the ten-year period 1959-1969 is due to a compensation between the progress of returns and prices, these two factors acting in a contrary direction. Consequently, the areas where technical innovation is slow, usually meat-producing areas, have maintained their position in relation to the areas where the technical level is high, generally grain-growing areas. The results of this analysis should be verified and continued using the general agricultural census of 1970 with similar objects in mind. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 89 Number: 350680 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350680 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350680/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2141.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350680 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonastre, J.-B. Title: Progrès technique et évolution agricole Abstract: Technical progress and agricultural development - Many authors have studied the nature and the effects of technical progress in agriculture. This article intends to resume the situation on this point. Several theories pertaining to the penetration of technical progress are examined. The author also shows how technical progress can sometimes be used against certain decisions of economic policy. Finally, the influence on the farms of different production and distribution branches which supply them is examined. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 89 Number: 350681 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350681 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350681/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2142.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350681 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nègre, Michel Title: Les stocks de produits agricoles Abstract: Farm product stocks - One of the most important functions of farm product stocks is to check production prices. The author first examines the problems of identification, classification and knowledge of those stocks and then presents a theory which explains the influence of the volume of stock on the vrices through the psychological behaviour of the individuals. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 89 Number: 350682 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350682 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350682/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2143.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350682 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liénard, Georges Author-Name: Gineste, G. Author-Name: Deudon, D. Title: Etude économique du système d'élevage traditionnel en race Salers Abstract: Economic study of a traditionnal breeding system of the « Salers » race - The breeding system traditionnally used in the Cantal area with the « Salers » race produces both milk and meat as all calves, male or female, are kept until the cows run dry in order to make the milking easier. The milk is either sold to a dairy or processed by the farmer into cheese (Cantal or St-Nectaire). The economic results observed in 1968 on a number of farms where the technical level is good, located in the mountains (800-1 100 m.) in the North of the Cantal, are relatively good. The size of the herds, quite important (25 to more than 100 cows) in this area, the high crop yield of the grassland, and the double production of milk and meat by the herd, explain this satisfactory situation. Especially, the organization of the sales of calves to beef fatteners encourages the farmers to improve their production (weight, quality and number of calves). In our sample, the income per farmer was the same whichever use was made of the milk, (cheese or dairy-sold). The cheese in fact gives a better value for the milk but demands more labour. However, the traditional system will be difficult to maintain because of the amount of hard work it demands. Certain farms develop into specialized milk production units (in changing the breed), others tend towards exclusive meat production. This orientation is possible economically because the herds are big and the outside labour can be reduced. But the rapidity of the evolution depends on the prices of milk and meat, so much more so as this change implies an important financing problem when the herd has to be increased and sheds are needed. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 89 Number: 350683 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350683 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350683/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2144.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350683 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ginier, Jean Title: Cap-Sizun et Haut-Limargue de Vayrac Abstract: Cap-Sizun and Haut-Limargue de Vayrac : a difficult adaptation to market farming - The comparative study of two small areas of the Cap-Sizun (Department of Finistère Sud) and the Haut- Limargue de Vayrac (Lot) seizes the reality of the difficulties for old territories to adapt to modern agriculture. Thoug they are 600 km. apart, these two areas follow the same line of conduct in the end : improving the existing productions, (milk and pigs) to the expense of traditional ones (fruit and beef). Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 89 Number: 350684 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350684 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350684/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2145.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sentilhes, H. Title: Analyse comptable des gains de productivité dans l'exploitation agricole, étude de leur répartition entre les agents économiques Abstract: Accounting analysis of productivity gains on the farm. of gain distribution between economic agents - The accounting analysis usually mixes two different concepts : volumes and prices. It's relatively easy to bring out the movements of volume on one hand and those of prices on the other hand from one year to the other, through an account with constant prices. The comparison of accounts with constant prices and accounts in constant francs constitutes an accounting approach of the productivity gains realized by the firm which are passed on to other agents or distributed. As all these computations can easily be automatized, the Agricultural Accounting Centers would be able to tell their customers whether they improve the productivity of their enterprise, in what branches and who takes the profit. This tool could thus be useful as it brings new elements for an income policy. Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 89 Number: 350685 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350685 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350685/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2146.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350685 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Author-Name: Broussolle, Claude Title: Prix perçus par les agriculteurs travaillant sous contrat et prix du marché Abstract: Prices in contract farming and market prices - Farmers working on a contractuel basis generally consider their essential advantage for securing the supply of the processing industries as the price guarantees. Are these guarantees real ? Certain facts lead us to believe that they are not. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Farm Management Volume: 89 Number: 350686 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350686 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350686/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2147.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350686 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marsac, J. Author-Name: Masson, Philippe Title: Les problèmes agricoles vus par les agriculteurs ayant participé aux émissions de Télé-promotion rurale Sud-Ouest 1970 Abstract: Farm problems as seen by farmers taking part in a television program on local farm promotion in 1970 - The article analyses the situation as seen by the farmers during four programs of local farm promotion in the South-West of France in 1970. Two groups can be clearly distinguished through their attitude towards the present economic development of agriculture : for and against this development. The economic policy these two groups whish to be applied to agriculture is evidently contradictory : the former suggests an adjustment policy, the latter a policy of protection. The existance of these two opinions explains perhaps the contradictions of the present agricultural policy. When the farmers talk about economic systems, they are all convinced that a planing of Swedish type with an active participation of the parties would be appropriate. The previous contradictions might be overcome through this solution. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 89 Number: 350687 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350687 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350687/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2148.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350687 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rannou, M. Author-Name: Desmoulières, A. Author-Name: Le Muet, J. Title: Réflexions sur une analyse : coûts et avantages pour la nation de différentes évolutions des structures agricoles Abstract: Appraisal of the article: « Costs and advantages for the nation of various evolutions in agricultural structures » - This article presents a criticism against the article « Costs and advantages for the nation of various evolutions in agricultural structures » by Levy, Lambert and Papoz published in the « Economie Rurale » n° 86, both against the general method and against the way of calculating certain figures. It is pointed out that the method of costs and advantages has not been used with all necessary precaution : its validity is connected with the scale and horizon considered. A procedure better suited to inform decision centers is proposed : — make an inventory of all the numerous connections between the phenomenon in question and different parts of the economy, — define the field of uncertainty at the horizon in question, — determine the decisions made for an intermediate run wich will have irreversible effects in a long run, — considering all these factors, make up a strategy in the intermediate run. These considerations can also be useful to other problems than those of agricultural structures and the conversion of farmers. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 89 Number: 350688 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350688 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350688/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2149.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350688 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 89 Number: 350689 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350689 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350689/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_89_1_2150.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350689 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Linguenheld, M. Title: Evolution du marché et des structures de production porcine Abstract: Evolution of the Merket and the Structures in the Pork Meat Production - Since 1966, an annual survey among pig breeders relates the evolution of the production structures in the pork meat branch. The Rationalisation Plan, started in 1969, has stimulated the improvement of the production structures so that they are now probably better than in West Germany. Besides, the regions of Bretagne and the North have now reached stock sizes similar to those of Belgium, although still smaller than those of Great Britain or the Netherlands. In 1975, 90 % of the production should be supplied by less than 50.000 pig breeders. The home production is not sufficient to cover the demand of the French consumers, only to the extent of 85 %. This percentage has been seadily declining for the past decade. In any case, it would take ten years to obtain a balanced situation, which is not necessarily desirable in the hypothesis of a common agricultural market. In the long run, the pollution problems may change the concentration of pig breeding from the traditional areas of Western and Northern France to cereal-growing or to underpopulated areas. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 90 Number: 350690 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350690 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350690/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2151.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350690 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sneessens, J.-F. Title: Economies d'échelle dans les spéculations porcines et avicoles Abstract: Economies of Scale in Pig and Poultry Productions - Two different kinds of approaches are used to estimate the economies of scale in the pig and poultry productions. The first approach is normative and lays down in an abstract manner the evolution of costs and receipts according to the size. It shows that it is possible to cut down aggregate costs by 5 % when the herd increases from 50 to 1.000 fattening pigs. This is mainly due to the reduction of unitary requirements in investments and labor. The reduction of feedstuff costs is negligible. The second approach, of empirical nature is based on a survey among producers and on the analysis of farm accounts. The data, although too scattered, show a clear reduction of labor requirements with increasing size. The fact that investment charges remain unchanged is due to the development of mechanization when the firm grows. Savings on other factors are imperceptible. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 90 Number: 350691 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350691 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350691/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2152.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350691 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berthevas, M. Title: Analyse économique d'entreprises porcines :quatre cas concrets Abstract: Economic Analysis of Pig Breeding Enterprises : four concrete cases - The geographical conditions, initial orientations and evolution of the different firms are not identical However, the economic analysis shows that production costs are dominated by feedstuff expenses ; here, the competence of the breeder results in lower feedstuff expenses. At the level of fixed costs, the items amortization and labour present a certain complementarity, their importance depends on the choice of the breeder. As is the case for production costs, the margins vary greatly. Thus it seems that the competitive situation of the firm does not depend so much on its size, the optimum of which is hard to determine, but on the minimization of the different expense items. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 90 Number: 350692 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350692 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350692/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2153.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350692 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin, P. Author-Name: Vigne, A. Title: L'état actuel des modèles de gestion de la production porcine Abstract: Present Situation of Management Models in the Pork Meat Production - The author presents the main contributions of French farm economists in the field of simulation systems in pork meat production. Up till now the studies have been rather scattered, the relationship between the production system and the marketing channels being left aside. Keywords: Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 90 Number: 350693 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350693 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350693/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2154.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350693 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rerat, A. Title: Les recherches porcines et les perspectives ouvertes Abstract: Appraisal of Research Work in the Pork Meat Branch and Future Prospects - The author gives a short summary of the breeding and fattening problems as well as actual and future orientation's of the research in this branch. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 90 Number: 350694 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350694 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350694/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2155.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350694 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gourio, P. Title: La diffusion des modèles d'élevage chez les agriculteurs Abstract: Future Models for Pig Breeding and their Diffusion among Farmers - The mass of knowledge at our disposal and the extraordinary development capacity of the farm supply and processing industries should permit considerable improvements in pig breeding, giving it a definitwe industrial character. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 90 Number: 350695 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350695 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350695/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2156.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350695 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Broussolle, Claude Title: L'adaptation des structures de production aux exigences des industriels Abstract: Adaption of Production Structures to Industrial Requirements - The requirements of the processing industry in the pork meat branch as for quality, homogeneity and regularity of supply demand a considerable effort from the farmers in using new techniques and adapting their production structures. However, the productivity gains thus obtained do not necessarily benefit those who have realized them. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 90 Number: 350696 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350696 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350696/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2157.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350696 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vanderhaegen, J. Title: La diffusion des innovations techniques Abstract: The Spreading of Technical Innovations - Although information is plentiful, its spreading, especially in the field of technical innovations is difficult. Schematically, the farmer needs three kinds of information : general information, economic and technical information and synthesis information. This information is supplied through two different means : written information, through booklets etc. and oral information through conferences, radio, television and cinema. The latter means has not been used much as yet though it will be very important in the future. Some obstacles to the spreading of information are peculiar to the farm sector : atomicity of firms, fear for innovations and resistance to change, mostly due to the high average age of the farmers but also to unsufficient education. To overcome these difficulties, it would be useful to clarify the responsabilities of the parties concerned as for the spreading of information, to reorganize and coordinate this spreading and to create a committee on this problem in order to define the directions to follow. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 90 Number: 350697 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350697 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350697/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2158.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350697 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brissard, MM. Author-Name: Tardif Title: Rôle de l'industrie des aliments composés sur l'évolution de la production Abstract: The Feedstuff Industry and its Influence on the Evolution of the Production - The partnership between breeders and the feedstuff industry makes it possible to optimize the feedstuff formula, to develop and finance campaigns for genetic promotion, to market the products and to control returns. An aggregate policy is necessary. The production should be maintained in an agricultural setting and contribute to a harmonious regional development. The combined action of breeders and industry should lead more easily to desirable changes. An advanced production seems to be the only way of improving the income of pig breeders. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 90 Number: 350698 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350698 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350698/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2159.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350698 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Audubert, A. Author-Name: Courvoisier, M. Title: L'abattage du porc : réalités, perspectives et moyens Abstract: The Slaughtering System in the Pig Production - The author examines the place of slaughtering in the pork meat channel, the agents actually operating and the foreseeable changes of the structures. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 90 Number: 350699 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350699 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350699/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2160.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350699 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hossenlopp, Joseph Author-Name: Jacquinot, M. Author-Name: Lacaberats, R. Title: L'industrie de la salaison aura-t-elle le pouvoir de décision dans la filière porc ? Abstract: The Curing Industry and its Power of Decision in the Pork Meat Branch - A large survey has been carried out among industrial meat processors in order to find out the possible development strategies and the way of estimating these strategies from an economic point of view both through their synergy effect and their cost. The results of this survey should help the authorities to improve the economy of the pork branch in cooperation with the parties concerned. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 90 Number: 350700 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350700 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350700/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2161.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350700 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duley, M. Title: Les problèmes de la distribution des produits dérivés du porc. Bilan et perspectives Abstract: Marketing Problems of Pork Meat Products - The author examines why the hand-made pork meat products are declining. In fact, the purchase and processing activities have been overstressed up till now to the disadvantage of the sales activities. The only way this specialized production could survive would be to change the order of priorities. The development difficulties of the curing industries, especially the marketing deficiencies even in nationwide firms are rather distressing. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 90 Number: 350701 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350701 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350701/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2162.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350701 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delaunay, J. Title: Les interventions de l'Etat dans la modernisation et dans la restructuration de l'industrie du porc Abstract: State Participation in the Modernization and Restructuration of the Pork Meat Industry - The investments in the pork processing industries can be Stateaided through a Farm Orientation Subsidy to which may be added an Industrial Development Subsidy, a Cooperation Subvention and the FEOGA aid. These subsidies are allocated according to rules which tend to encourage the modernization and the restructuration of the industry in accordance with the recommandations of the national equipment and modernization plan. The evolution tendencies of the branch are examined through the different applications. The results indicate that the pork meat processing industries are making a considerable modernization effort but the restructuration is not yet of the same magnitude. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 90 Number: 350702 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350702 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350702/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2163.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350702 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fouquet, A. Title: La consommation de viande de porc Abstract: The Consumption of Pork - After beef, pork is the second basic meat composing the French diet.. In carcass weight, the annual consumption of pork was 28 kg per head, in 1969. Pork meat is consumed in different forms : fresh meat (roats, chops...) or processed meat (ham, sausages, etc.). In processed products weight, the average consumption per head is about 8 kg of meat, 4 kg of ham and 8 kg of sausages and other processed products. Pork meat consumption cannot be studied in an aggregate manner without considering the form of consumption. As a matter of fact, the behaviour of the consumers is different for pork meat, a stagnating traditional product on one side and on the other side ham, sausages etc., an easily prepared food with an expanding demand. After presenting the existing sources of information, the author studies the behaviour of the households through survey data. Time series show the evolution of this behaviour during the past decade and gives an outline for the future evolution of the consumption. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 90 Number: 350703 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350703 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350703/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2164.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350703 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thareau, Bernard Title: L'organisation de la production et des marchés, et le revenu des producteurs de porcs Abstract: The improvement of breeding techniques, the production rationalization and the organization of the production by producers' associations are not enough to increase the income of pig breeders. The cyclic price variations, the development of powerful firms, both for farm supply and processing, in a liberally oriented Common Market make the profit margin per pig fall regularily : the French breeder, in order to maintain the same income as ten years ago has to double his production. Consequently, the breeders do not benefit from the productivity effort they are producing. Although the development of producers' associations gives some hope for the future they are not sufficient alone. The breeders realize that they have to go a step further : an aggregate organization of the meat market. This is essential in order to obtain a minimum of security as for the income, but the realization is difficult. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 90 Number: 350704 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350704 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350704/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2165.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350704 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 90 Number: 350705 Year: 1971 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350705 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350705/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1971_num_90_1_2166.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350705 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiede, Günther Title: La révolution technique agricole dans la C.E.E. et ses conséquences Abstract: The revolution in agricultural techniques in the E.E.C. and its consequences The lecture delivered by G. Thiede in May 1971 before the Agrarsoziale Gesellschaft (the rural sociologie society) caused a stir in public opinion and in specialized circles. Here the author defends the opinion, which he describes as « personal » ; that as far as agriculture is concerned the conceptions of the past have now no value and that a new direction must be taken. Limiting capacity in order to avoid an overproduction, wich could attain unimagined proportions in his opinion should become the principal question in agricultural policy. That is why a great proportion of arable land should cease to be farmed. Land would then change hands at a much faster rate than has hitherto been known and would considerably ease the reorganization of agriculture. Here Mr Thiede presents the mains arguments of this thesis and the data on which it is based. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 91 Number: 350706 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350706 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350706/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_91_1_2167.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350706 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.-B. Title: Essai d'analyse des concours de l'Etat à l'agriculture Abstract: The analysis of state aid to agriculture, which has considerably increased over the past 10 years, leads us to ask three questions. 1 - For what is this aid used ? The aid can be classified according to six different agricultural politics as : the adaptation of supply to demand, productivity, mobility, structures, social and regional politics. 2 - Who benefits from it ? The farmers benefit directly from only 59 to 75 per cent of it. 3 - Is the distribution of this aid satisfactory ? This difficult and, as yet, little studied field deserves more detailed research. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 91 Number: 350707 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350707 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350707/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_91_1_2168.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350707 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: d'Huyteza, G. Title: Rôle et fonction de l'agriculture aux alentours de l'an 2000 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 91 Number: 350708 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350708 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350708/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_91_1_2169.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350708 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Mamdy, Jean-François Title: Politique des structures et évolution des surfaces d'exploitations Abstract: Land policy and evolution of the farms' areas (Study based on a sample survey of fifty farmers of the East part of France) - A systematic analysis of the French agricultural state program (1960-1962 laws) shows the main targets of these laws and the devices used to attain these objectives. Moreover the effective actions of the Government Intervention since 1962 in the frame of this program were checked and appreciated. Indeed only the role of a SAFER was studied. The results of the activity of the Franche-Comté SAFER since its creation and mainly a survey among fifty farms were used for this study. So, 30 % of the total farm enlargement by purchase was achieved through the SAFER. But the growth of the farms is oftener achieved by renting than by buying and the SAFER, cannot give land in location. Lastly five factors seem related to the enlargement of farms : the starting area, the age of the operator, the professional orientation of the children, the part-time activity and the dependents. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 91 Number: 350709 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350709 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350709/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_91_1_2170.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350709 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sébillotte, Jean Author-Name: Vladyslav, G. Title: L'analyse des structures des exploitations agricoles : état d'une recherche appliquée en vue de l'action Abstract: This article puts forward the interest of analyses of farm structures, with a view to their application. After having recalled the different notions of structures and their connection with the farm systems, the authors present the steps taken in a particular case. They then examine the possibilities of its improvement with the aid of factorial analysis. In conclusion they underline the present range of this form of applied research and point out a certain number of problems concerning the improvement of their methods and the use of the results obtained. Keywords: Farm Management, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 91 Number: 350710 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350710 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350710/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_91_1_2171.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350710 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ginier, Jean Title: Les centres attractifs du Nord-Est Quercynois Abstract: The centres of attraction in the North-East Quercy - The exhaustive analysis of the amenities (food, constructions, public and private services) of the 48 « communes » in North-East Quercy leads to a classification of hamlets and villages according to their number and their size. This reveals the overwhelming superiority of the four principal towns of the four « cantons » which are the only true centres of attraction. In spite of the competition of Brive and local rivalty, a built-up area with Saint-Céré as its centre could be organized along an axis going from the hill- slopes of the Limargue to the valleys of the Dordogne and the Bave. It provides a characteristic example of an urban framework in a rural area. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 91 Number: 350711 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350711 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350711/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_91_1_2172.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350711 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Champagne, J.-P. Title: Essais de prévision à moyen terme de la population agricole belge Abstract: The objective of the study is to determine the short term evolution of the Belgian agricultural population. - In order to forecast the number of farms for 1977, the Markov chains method is used. A forecast of the workers which will be utilize by farms is obtained through an extension of its linear and logarithm tendancies determined by the number of agricultural workers observed in the last decades. According to the process one can estimate that, in 1977, 107.000 farms will employ between 1,23 and 1,75 workers per farm. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 91 Number: 350712 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350712 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350712/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_91_1_2173.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350712 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 91 Number: 350713 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350713 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350713/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_91_1_2174.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350713 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marsh, J.S. Title: Les problèmes soulevés en Grande-Bretagne par la politique agricole commune Abstract: The problems facing Great Britain as a result of the Common Agricultural Policy - This paper reviews some of the main problems facing the United Kingdom as a result of the operation of the Common Agricultural Policy. It tresses that the policy challenges deeply held British attitudes towards the level of food prices and to traditional commonwealth exporters of food. The C.A.P. involves a set of arrangements ill suited to british needs and suggests that in an enlarged Community the pooling of power may frustrate the legitimate political interests of the U.K. Finally the paper discussed four economic problems created by the Common Agricultural Policy for Britain ; stress on the balance of payments, an addition to existing inflationary pressures, a loss of national income and the need to make substantial changes in the British agricultural industry. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 92 Number: 350714 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350714 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350714/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_92_1_2175.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350714 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neville-Rolfe, Edmund Title: Compétitivité de l'agriculture et des industries agricoles et alimentaires britanniques par rapport à celles du continent Abstract: The competitiveness of the agricultural and food industries in Britain in relation to those on the continent - We miss data to be able to compare Agricultures and agricultural and Food industries of each side of the Channel. However British Farming is proving as much efficient, sometimes even more, as that of the Community of Six, speaking of average outputs, structures of farming, the number in livestock and the productivity of hard labour. The potentiabities of British IAA is far superior to the average of Common Market members as far as marketing, research and development of new products are concerned. Nevertheless, the presence of U.K. in an enlarged Community might bring no real profit to british farmers. Trade between members countries may be reduced to a few secondary transactions because of the extra-production in most of them. Besides, will the European consumer appreciate foodstuff from British Food industries ? In a negative occurence, the industries will then attempt to export more assets and maybe their own experience of marketing and management as well. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 92 Number: 350715 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350715 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350715/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_92_1_2176.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350715 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goffaux, Marie-Henriette Title: L'économie agricole britannique à la veille de l'entrée dans le Marché commun Abstract: The british agricultural economy just before the entry negatiations are begun - Paradoxically revolved the British Agricultural economy from a pronounced peculiarity respect of Continental Europe, to new objectives drawing closer together with these of this Europe, without changing traditional outlines. The article below relates this evolution in its second part, wich precedes sidelight over the structure of British Agriculture and wich follows some writing over Hill's and Uplands. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 92 Number: 350716 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350716 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350716/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_92_1_2177.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350716 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Winegarten, A. Title: Défense des prix et des revenus, et représentation des agriculteurs britanniques dans la Communauté élargie Abstract: Joining the Common Market, british farmers are eager to defend their prices and incomes and their representation - In last year « Annual Price Review » including data prom the Farm Management Survey, the development of production is compared by the economists with the evolution of incomes in this sector : it gives an idea of British agricultural and financial problems. From 60 to 70 the net production of British agriculture has increased in about 10 % i. e an annual average of 2 %. During the same period the farmers' incomes have decreased in about 5 % i. e an annual average of 1 %. The same farmers have received no profit from the increase of their productivity (+ 7 % per year). Though they have accept to submit to the Common Policy, they mean to play an active part in Europe ! Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 92 Number: 350717 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350717 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350717/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_92_1_2178.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350717 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deleau, Jean Title: Les agriculteurs français face à l'élargissement du Marché commun Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 92 Number: 350718 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350718 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350718/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_92_1_2179.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350718 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Canonge, M. Title: Avantages et inconvénients pour l'agriculture française, de l'adhésion de la Grande-Bretagne au Marché commun Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 92 Number: 350719 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350719 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350719/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_92_1_2180.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350719 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baillet, Claude Title: L'évolution récente des agricultures du Royaume-Uni et de la CEE facilite-t-elle l'élargissement du Marché commun ? Abstract: Over the past few years, agriculture in Britain and in the European Economic Community have developed along lines tending to bring the two systems closer together. Trends in production, selfsufficiency, the amount of land taken up by agriculture, and agricultural prices bear witness to this convergence, although considerable differences still exist in some respects. The only problematic aspect is the trend in farm structurés. In the matter of individual farm size, farmers in Britain are progressively increasing their lead over farmers in the EEC, despite the greater number of uneconomic farms that are being given up on the Costinent. This underlines the need to speed up Community efforts in the field of structural reform. The first part of this article definitely shows that the agricultural systems in Britain and in the EEC, are of the same type, but are at different stages of development. In the second part, the author looks at recent developments in the agricultural policies of Britain and thé Community, where he sees an increasing similarity of views. The decisions taken recently in London and Brussels mark decisive turning points in both policies by providing for their alignment and eventual fusion. In his conclusions the author calls for immediate efforts to improve statistical information. This article, which was written in April 1971, just after the entry negotiations had begun, shows that agriculture is no longer a stumbling-block ans that there was room for optimism as far as the outcome of the negotiations was concerned. It is pointed out, however, that once Britain joins the Community, potential marketing outlets in Britain will not be as good as they appear to be now, since strong incentives will doubtless be given to British farmers to increase their production as the common agricultural policy gradually takes effect in Britain. Keywords: International Development, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 92 Number: 350720 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350720 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350720/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_92_1_2181.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350720 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zeller, Adrien Title: Les avenirs possibles de la politique agricole commune. Abstract: H is possible to individualise the major problems of which the agriculture of the ten european countries will be confronted and to indicate the possible alternative politics. The adoption of U.K. of the community system instead of the «deficiency payments » is not a major change, as the two systems are based on the same fondamental criterias. The price-policy will change with the enlargement (p. ex. relations in prices cereals/beaf) but the existing interest will be more different than in a Europe of Six. The traditional « compromises » will they be replaced by an economic policy of agricultural prices ? The enlarged Community could very well, now and then, be divided into several zones of markets and prices in relation to future monetary troubles. The traditional principe of free-competition will be faced on a hard test in the necessity of avoiding the desertion of peripheral regions and by the Hill farming policy in Britain. Certain controled aspects of the Mansholt-plan are opposed to the liberal tradition of english agricultural policy. Finally, the enlargement will change the conditions of dialogues of the European agriculture with other agricultural blocs in the world. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 92 Number: 350721 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350721 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350721/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_92_1_2182.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350721 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Discussion Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 92 Number: 350722 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350722 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350722/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_92_1_2183.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350722 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 92 Number: 350723 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350723 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350723/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_92_1_4254.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350723 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wagner, Claude Title: Concepts, sources d'information et mode de calcul actuel du revenu de l'agriculture Abstract: Concepts, sources of information and latest appreciating ways of agricultural income - Generally speaking, the farm income indicator is the gross output of farming, so to say the balance of farm account settled in agricultural branch. Branch production — including every produced agricultural product as such from any produced — is not to be confounded with sector production that is agricultural farm production. The accounts are settled every natural year (and not every campaign). The year output measured out by the harvest is to be either commercialized before december the 31st or stocked. «Intraconsumptions » (re-used products in the very same branch) are not included in production. Every year, the results of the previous year are settled down in production accounts and farm accounts. Periodically, the basis is revised and all the items are re-valued. Most of basic statistics are provided by the Ministry of Agriculture. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350724 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350724 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350724/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2184.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350724 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mergui, Gabriel Title: Le modèle de Leontieff comme outil d'analyse du complexe agro-alimentaire Abstract: The Leontieff model, as a tool for analysing the Agri-Business - The model presented is a project of braking down the 01 and 02 sectors of the French input output Table (TEI), in order to build up an input output table which would make possible an analysis of the relationship between the agribusiness sectors. Beside such a désagrégation into small sectors dealing with homogeneous products, the model proposes to distinguish inside of such sector the various processes which take part in the production (process analysis). The main part of the difficulties which appear on the way of the achievement of such a table, lays in the poverty of the statistical data of the production inputs. Nevertheless, the author thinks he has a good chance to bring the first results in the middle of 1973, through an INRA research project. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 93 Number: 350725 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350725 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350725/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2185.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350725 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wagner, Claude Title: Le système européen de comptes économiques intégrés. Abstract: The European Account System : SEC - The European Account System elaborated to be used by the whole Community, will be adopted, slightly modified, from 1976 onward and will take the place of the now existing system of National Accounts. Here are the main points of the SEC system : — individual farmings are not parted (in accounts) from the people they belong to ; — all accounts include net balances, payings off being deducted before ; — the very definition of Agriculture is slightly modified : sylviculture is no longer included in it and is from now on considered as a parted branch but < jobworks » are included ; — in the new system, permanent capital (usually made up of farm implements and buildings) will now include livestock and planted areas (vineyards and orchards). Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350726 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350726 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350726/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2186.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350726 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bechet, Pierre Title: Problèmes posés par l'utilisation des indicateurs du revenu des agriculteurs Abstract: Using farm income indicators - Very few indicators of farmers' income are available to those who have to elaborate any agricultural policy. The only one admitted by French Vth Plan and commonly used is gross income per farmer. As a matter of fact, the elements still involved in the very notion of Agricultural incomes are very complex and so is equally complex the universe of French farming. Here are suggested some problems such information underlines : — farm income is supposed to enable the farmer and his family to live and the farming itself to go on ; — this income is meant to be shared between the farmer himself and his family workers ; — National account macro-economic indicators do not display the variousness in farming ; — European accounting sample micro-economic indicators do not include « the marginal farmers » and ignore, too, « the development line » of every farm ; — quality and rapidity are both necessary to make any indicator useful. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350727 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350727 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350727/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2187.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350727 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Champagne, J.-P. Title: Evolution des revenus agricoles moyens par unité ,de travail et de leur dispersion, de 1960 à 1970, en Belgique Abstract: The regional evolution of average income per labor unit and of its spread in Belgium - The object of the study is to examine, in Belgium, the regional evolution of average income per labor unit as well as the evolution of the spread of the income per labor unit within a sample of farm firms keeping farm records. The sample average income for labor has increased yearly at the rate of 10,92 %. On a regional basis, the annual growth rate varies from 12,53 % to 7,36 %. The growth in average income goes generally with an increasing spread. Within the same region, the situation is marked by a growing différenciation among its farmers. The regional distribution curve of income per labor unit has been characterized by a flattening phenomenon and by a tendancy towards normality. It would be desirable to regionalize the means of the income policy in order to reduce the effects of the price policy and the social inequities in agriculture. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 93 Number: 350728 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350728 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350728/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2188.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350728 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Title: Le revenu des ménages agricoles dans les comptes nationaux et régionaux Abstract: Farm families' income in French national and regional accounts - Very few indicators of farm families' income are available to those who have to account national and regional gross income per farmer. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350729 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350729 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350729/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2189.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350729 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Léon, Yves Title: Les statistiques fiscales et les revenus extérieurs des agriculteurs Abstract: Taxation authorities statistics and farmer's non-farm income - In order to allow an inquiry on farmers' non farm resources and make it as inexpensive and rapid as possible, Brittany (taken as a sample region) local taxation Authorities were asked to supply inquirers with information. That led to set up a sample of farmers whose various incomes inquirers tried to analyse. Nevertheless too many questionnaires were not filled up (more than 50 % of them) and such data were not sound enough to make valuable any more inquiries of that type and to be of any use at a national level. Such an inquiry underlines the need to define accurately the very notion of « Farm Family Members» before any elaboration of farmer's household expenses can be valuably settled. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350730 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350730 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350730/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2190.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350730 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baillet, Claude Title: La classification des exploitations agricoles dans le cadre du réseau d'information comptable agricole de la CEE Abstract: The farm classification - The EEC's agricultural accounting information network is based on a sample of 10.000 accounts-keeping farms representing various categories of holdings in the field under observation. In order to make poss,ible a judicious and uniform choice of the accounts-keeping farms throughout the whole territory of the European Communities, the Common Market Commission, as far back as 1966, drew up a basic classification of farms which responds to several principles and is founded on two main aspects, i.e. the technico-economic pattern and the dimensions of the farm. The author describes the principles of this new classification and gives in an annex the results of its initial application to the data of the inquiry into the structure of farms carried out in the Community in 1966/67. The first results of the agricultural accounting information network shortly to be published will also be presented in the setting of this classification. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350731 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350731 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350731/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2191.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350731 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carles, Roland Title: Premiers résultats pour la France du réseau d'information comptable agricole Abstract: From France : first data from the agricultural account sample area - The results of this study of farm income in a sample of farmings are now available for the past 1968-69-70 years. The main elements are here the « valeur ajoutée brute», the gross outcome and the net outcome in farming (the net outcome indicates non paid family workers income). Taken as such, these concepts still deserve to be analysed and discussed. The way this information is collected as well as the representativeness of such a sample for the past three years are then both considered to allow a better understanding of such data. In spite of a number of difficulties — not yet overcome — this account sample area underlines these many differences inside the Agricultural sector itself. The same disparities are to be encountered in every Bruxelles circumscription, in every superficies classes, as well as in every technico-economic classes of farmings. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350732 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350732 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350732/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2192.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350732 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greiner, Pierre Author-Name: Sébillotte, Jean Title: Classification des exploitations selon leur résultat brut d'exploitation en 1967 Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350733 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350733 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350733/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2193.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350733 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip, M. Title: Les comptes régionaux Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350734 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350734 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350734/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2194.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350734 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquin, MM. Author-Name: Le Muet, J. Author-Name: Desmoulières, A. Title: Travaux de comptabilité agricole régionale dans les ARER Abstract: Regional farm accounts studie by the ARER (French Regional Associations for rural Economy) - The first study of Regional Farm Account was attempted in 1961 by the ARER. There was a need to come to know and then to display the diversity of French Farming through the analysis of farm incomes in every region. These regional inquiries followed the pattern of National Accountancy as far as frame and definitions are concerned, and so delivered the information so much asked for. Moreover they aroused such an interest that it became necessary to widen the c frame » (creation of new notions : restricted branches, homogeneous sector), and to diversify the aims of such regional accounts. At the present time, researches are still going on in the ARER to improve and diversify the «r tools » now existing : elaboration of capital Accounts, household accounts, in order to adapt tools to sectors in which national Account patterns have proved unsuitable. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350735 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350735 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350735/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2195.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350735 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sébillotte, Jean Author-Name: Cochet, J.-C. Title: En guise de conclusion Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 93 Number: 350736 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350736 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350736/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2196.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350736 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 93 Number: 350737 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350737 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350737/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_93_1_2197.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350737 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roux, Jean-Michel Title: Enfermée dans ses contradictions, la politique agricole ignore le rôle de l'agriculture sur l'environnement Abstract: Entangled in its own contradictions, will agricultural policy turn toward a new part French agricultural policy suffers from contradictory trends it develops : grants to social agriculture, external Trade balance and competitiveness for most farms - and will not possibly reach in the years to come its first aim : Agriculture will not get identified with industrial economy. The latter, besides, encounters foundamental difficulties issued from the very system of Agricultural production. Economic parity, too much regarded and hoped for as most important up to now has minimized the part peasantry should play upon its surrounding, both physical and human. If parity seems to be vainly hoped for, agriculture might turn to a new policy in which « External economics » should be considered. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 94 Number: 350738 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350738 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350738/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_94_1_2198.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350738 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fortoul, D. Title: Agriculture et marketing : application à l'organisation du secteur des fruits et légumes Abstract: Agriculture and marketing : organisation in Fruit and vegetables sector - For the past ten years, important changes -- technical and economic as well -- have taken place in Fruit and vegetables sector. But the economic analysts of them is not yet up to explain them and understand the market problems they arise and so doing -- be able to promote the necessary policy for such a new trade. So in France, the Fruit and vegetables sector management has been seriously delayed : the situation is not very satisfactory t downwards : only a few pioneer producers can manage successfully. Not any important improvement in the holding of markets may be expected as long as concurrence suffers from such bad conditions as fiscal frauds, and non-respect for rules. In the Netherlands, though, such changes are more important (than anywhere else) : owing to a total remodelling of their exporters, their fruit and vegetable producers have once more secured their supremacy over the market for the years to come. The veiling such as it is, a dream our « best » administrators keep dreaming, is now definitely obsolete. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 94 Number: 350739 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350739 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350739/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_94_1_2199.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350739 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferradini, M. Title: Rationalisation de la production porcine dans les exploitations subventionnées des Côtes-du-Nord, de 1965 à 1972 Abstract: Rationalizing of pig production in state-aided farms in Côtes du Nord (Brittany) from 1965 to 1972 - A co-study with the CERAFER has enabled us to observe in the department of Côtes du Nord, the effects of State aid upon the creation of pig-farms. These state-subsidies come to affect several levels : — the unit, first (buildings, production process from breeding to fattening) ; — the farm management too (evolution, either complementary or concurrent speculations) ; — Finally, the question arises : will the volume of production keep bring adapted to the demand, now and in the years to come ? Progresses have become evident ; the pig production has got more rationalised. However, much remains to be done; farmers must now get used to livestock and business managements. On the other hand, disparities between farmers have still increased : only 4 % of them -- and most of the wealthiest -- are state aided : small farms are consequently led to disappear all the more rapidly : are such programms worth such a social cost ? Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 94 Number: 350740 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350740 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350740/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_94_1_2200.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350740 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mevellec, Pierre Title: La tarification dans les ensembles coopératifs Abstract: Pricing in Cooperatives - The recent crises that shook up the agricultural coops, namely in western France, have brought to light the importance of pricing in cooperatives. The following text will try to elucidate with the help of the marginalist theory -- but also referring to certain elements born of the modern financial theory -- how the various prices could be established in a coop. There lies an important distinction concerning cooperatives that do, or do not, apply the rule of exclusiviness : the first might follow the market, the latter might short-circuit some markets and work according to their own tarif-rate. To finish with, this article emphasizes the theoretical links existing between all the prices within the integrated societies : re-sale price practised by the coop, purchase price given to the cooperator and the sale price of supplies to the cooperator. The article ends on a note on incertainity that shows that the building up of a multivalent coop can still be interesting even if its purchase prices to the cooperator are below market level providing that the coop applies a tarif rate corresponding to the above mentioned model. Keywords: Agribusiness, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 94 Number: 350741 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350741 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350741/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_94_1_2201.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350741 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muracciole, Béatrice Title: Pôle urbain et évolution des structures agraires : le Genevois français Abstract: Urban poles and agricultural structures : the french Genevese zone - Men are allowed free over frontiers, goods are not : so Geneva has offered no new commercial channels excepi m me tree zone; in return, every available piece of land and labour are mobilized by the urbanizing of the area; consequently structures keep being traditionnal in French Genevois. Innovation does exist, though, in organisation of both production and marketing practices. For lack of land, innovating farmers have been led to develop intensive cultivation. Nevertheless, generally speaking, the proximity of Geneva prevents such farm we have visited from promoting thoroughly important innovations. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 94 Number: 350742 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350742 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350742/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_94_1_2202.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert, Michel Title: Structure des exploitations agricoles et progrès technique : les communes de Morsalines et Crasville (Manche) Abstract: Farms structures and technical progress : Two communes in the french department of Manche : Morsalines and Crasville - These two small communes in Cotentin, next to each other and quite different though, are both loaded with a heavy historic inheritance : their obsolete structures and their traditional ultra-conservatism do not allow any alteration in such a way of life that still ignores capitalism. The « individualism of the Bocage », more over, adds to agricultural problems. Tractors have brought no major modification. Market-gardening... stock-farming? In any case, the choices will compulsorily lead to modify land structures. Rrom now on, Morsalines and Crasville are meant to belong to a « Rural renovation Zone » : it appears that only a State decision might be able to shake the « vis inertiae » of Morsalines ond Crasville. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 94 Number: 350743 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350743 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350743/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_94_1_2203.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350743 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 94 Number: 350744 Year: 1972 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350744 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350744/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1972_num_94_1_2204.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350744 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: L'évolution du prix de la terre et de la répartition de la propriété foncière agricole Abstract: The first part of the paper asks the question of the use of the land rent theory in economies where the price of agricultural land has been increasing for more than twenty years at a rate much higher than the agricultural income. After mentioning the synthesis brought by Herdt and Cochrane for the United States ' situation, the author classifies the most frequent arguments, called for to explain this divergence between agricultural income and land price, intho three groups : those resulting from agricultural production conditions ; those coming from the development of urban, industrial and touristic infrastructures ; and thirdly those expressing a land assets preference in a period of rapid change. The second part presents a study on the evolution of agricultural land ownership distribution. It is an indirect approach made through statistics on tenanted areas. Thus perceived, the evolution is interpreted by reference to three types of effects : a structural effect referring to farmers ' property inheritance ; a farmers' competition effect and an urban effect. The author concludes by emphasizing the inequality of the distribution of savings ' transfers from the agricultural sector to the others made by the way of the land market. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 95 Number: 350745 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350745 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350745/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_95_1_1132.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350745 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bryant, Christopher Title: L'agriculture devant l'urbanisation : les exploitations de grande culture expropriées par l'emprise de l'aéroport Paris-Nord Abstract: This article focuses on the reactions of farmers subjected to expropriation measures, specifically those for new airport Paris-Nord, in terms of agricultural investments. A discussion of changes in agricultural structure in the region from 1945 to the airport development serves to put the changes since 1965 into perspective. Two types of problems are then discussed : those requiring solution through cooperation within the farming community, and those which concern decisions appropriate to the individual farmer. From questionnaire data, a factor analysis is made of the individual decisions together with certain variables considered important in those decisions. Three factors are retained : one relates the number of potential heirs and the anticipation of future losses of land positively to intensification and the acquisition of other farms ; another relates acquisition of other farms to loss of land to the airport, while the other factor links the presence of non-agricultural interests to a lack of reinvestment in agriculture. In conclusion, these farmers have fared very well, in large part due to their healthy financial situation ; indeed, the net result of the airport development has often led to an increase in their economic power, with the total amount of land under their control increasing as a result of their activities in purchasing farms elsewhere. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 95 Number: 350746 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350746 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350746/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_95_1_1133.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350746 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cros, Marie-Odile Title: Les besoins des agricultrices en matière de vulgarisation dans une zone de grande culture : le Groupement de vulgarisation agricole et ménagère (G.V.A.M.) du plateau d'Evreux-St-André Abstract: Though agricultural vulgarization aims at developing both humanly and economically the whole agricultural sector, the various branches of such developments have often proved rather unsuccessful!. The failure is encountered in feminine vulgarization : as an example, we study the situation in the GVAM of Evreux St-André (Eure) in a cereal area. Here natural surroundings should have allowed modern and remunerative farming : small family farms are still existing, though next to big cereal farm firms. Consequently women in the very same neighbourhood are wholly différents in the way they live and work, and their needs are different as well. The feminine adherents to this GVAM come mostly from big farms. They may have more free time and be more open-minded is that why the others don't join ? Are not many of them inevitably kept away by such gaps that appear in the organization and the qind of activities selected in the GVAM and -- let us say so - the agricultural policy itself in the department ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 95 Number: 350747 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350747 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350747/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_95_1_1134.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350747 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masson, Philippe Title: L'évolution des prix et l'agriculture Abstract: The author analyses here the variations of agricultural prices since 1945 and their consequences on farm incomes. The price of agricultural products are put in comparison with those of the total working expenses. That leads to measure how devaiorized for Agriculture the terms of trade are now getting in the whole economic system. Considering both value and volume of working expenses and product in the new context, the author wonders whether produced and sold quantities can compensate for such devalorization. As a matter of fact the income issued from all the agricultural sectors is slowlier and slowlier increasing. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 95 Number: 350748 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350748 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350748/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_95_1_1135.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thouyenot, C. Title: La consommation de la viande dans les villes lorraines Abstract: From 1850 to 1870, the meat consumption increased here more rapidly than the urban population though it still characterized some social classes. From 1870 to 1914, the meat buying power grew on for all workers in great industry, mostly, and more, proportionally speaking, for the lesfs favoured of them. Between the two world wars, the most urban families still lived on small quantities and bought lower quality pieces. After 1950, the return to normal has led more and more numerous customers to show identical demands. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 95 Number: 350749 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350749 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350749/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_95_1_1136.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350749 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 95 Number: 350750 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350750 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350750/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_95_1_1137.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350750 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.-B. Title: Présentation Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 96 Number: 350751 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350751 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350751/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2205.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350751 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Title: Le rôle des économistes dans une société en changement Abstract: The role of economists in a society - The role of economists in a society is linked to their ability to explain and to forecast. But the error is to « think one knows». The criticisms of Leontieff concerning the inadequate analysis of facts by many economists should alert us to the real meaning of statistics : beware of false categories. The relationship between economists and men of action remains a delicate affair, in so far as politicians, used to handling men, think they know the real world better than research-workers. But even then research must be centred on the vital points of the agricultural branch ; the survival of inequality, competition for land, the difficulty of orientationg production, the democratic management of integrated units etc... Finally those who possess this knowledge are often reluctant to let these men study and solve then own problems themselves. The position of research services is a difficult one, for they reveal situations of conflict. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 96 Number: 350752 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350752 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350752/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2206.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350752 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Poupry, R. Title: Discussion Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 96 Number: 350753 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350753 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350753/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2207.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350753 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Economistes ruraux et essais de prospective Abstract: Agricultural economists are observers of the possibilities and the limits of Industrial Societies. But the complexity of the subject of their study leads them to beware of too sweeping generalisations and they tend to mistrut the taking up of too categorial stands. After criticising the myths growing up around the themes of pollution or of the reform of production units, the author criticises « scientist » myths themselves and stresses the fact that sciences are human creations to serve human designs. Nevertheless, the power derived from systems backed up by the sciences can be controlled only by real scientific knowledge ; agricultural economists are then called upon make their contribution to an epistemology which is itself an experimental science. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 96 Number: 350754 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350754 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350754/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2208.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350754 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maquart, Daniel Title: Discussion Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 96 Number: 350755 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350755 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350755/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2209.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350755 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barberis, Corrado Title: L'existence d'économistes et de sociologues ruraux se justifie-t-elle encore aujourd'hui ? Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 96 Number: 350756 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350756 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350756/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2210.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350756 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jollivet, Marcel Title: Discussion Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 96 Number: 350757 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350757 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350757/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2211.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350757 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Essai de repérage des tendances de pensée en économie rurale : quelles sont les grandes controverses actuelles ? Abstract: There are economists and there are those whose thought takes the form of a speech. But both begin by formulating an hypothesis which they then check. Agricultural economists have rarely left France, as far as their thought is concerned at any rate. They have concentrated their thought on the future of French agriculture, its industrialisation, the future of family farms, the integration of the farm in the agricultural-food-industries complex, the significance of the price paid to the producer, the notion of economic power, and finally the role of the State and of professional organisations. Their function leads them to challenge the established order. But are they Marxists for all that ? To begin with, what does being a Marxist mean ? A certain Marxism underlies our time. In economics this has led research- workers to inquire into the bases of value and the workings of the market. In spite of these divergences one can conclude that there is a French school of agricultural economics. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 96 Number: 350758 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350758 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350758/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2212.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350758 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gervais, Michel Title: Discussion Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 96 Number: 350759 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350759 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350759/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2213.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350759 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Britton, Denis K. Title: Les contacts entre économistes ruraux au niveau international sont-ils suffisants ? Abstract: At present time, the great majority of agricultural economists pursue their work with very little direct personal contact with those who are working on similar problems in other countries. The barriers are those of language, distance, professional pre-occupation, inertia, and unwillingness to submit unfinished work to the scruting of anyone except very close colleagues. Certain current developments may strenghten the contacts in 1973 : the publication of a European Review of Agricultural Economics, and also the creation of a Centre for European Agricultural Studies at Wye College (University of London), Ashford, Kent. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 96 Number: 350760 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350760 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350760/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2214.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350760 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baillet, Claude Title: Les contacts internationaux doivent être développés Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 96 Number: 350761 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350761 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350761/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2215.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350761 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chatenay, Jean-Noël Title: Les travaux des économistes éclairent-ils l'élaboration de la politique agricole à l'échelon international et communautaire ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 96 Number: 350762 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350762 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350762/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2216.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350762 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, Henri de Title: En quoi les travaux des économistes éclairent-ils les décisions dans le domaine du marketing Keywords: Marketing Volume: 96 Number: 350763 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350763 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350763/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2217.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350763 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roux, Jean-Michel Title: Aménagement rural et concentration urbaine Abstract: Rural planning and growth of the metropolis - The optimisation of economic proposals made in geographical space remains very uncertain : on the one hand, the criteria of this optimisation, i.e. regional development, profit of firms, life space, have not been clearly defined or well thought out ; on the other hand, the transition from systems described by regional science to actual land is still speculative. Planning and more generally upheavals in use of land are the results not only of inhibiting economic infrastructures but also of an ideology and culture often incongruent and asynchronous with the economic system. Rural development programs are impeded by an insufficient knowledge of socio-economic aspects of space as well as a widespread belief, at least among the responsible technocraty, in the unavoidable growth of the metropolis, for which credits and efforts are provided in priority. Rural economists, by limiting their research to agriculture encourage this situation. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 96 Number: 350764 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350764 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350764/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2218.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350764 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Attonaty, J.-M. Title: Rôle des économistes ruraux dans la gestion des exploitations Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 96 Number: 350765 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350765 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350765/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2219.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350765 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rainelli, Pierre Title: Le financement des entreprises agricoles et industrielles Abstract: The problems of financing in agriculture are particularly critical because of the amount of capital tied up in each output unit. This tends to increase with time and makes the branch in question resemble heavy industry. Moreover it is a declining activity whose prices, compared to those of other branches, evolve unfavourably. The considerable burden of land prices makes investment problems even worse for the farmers. The comparison of agricultural and industrial firms indicates that the position is particulary difficult for farmers whose system is based on cattle production, for in such systems capital investments bring in a positive profit only above 20-50 hectares, unlike the cereal producing system whose high profitability is comparable to that of industrial firms. But farms have relatively few debts. Finally, the farmers' difficulties as far as financing is concerned are increased still more by the necessity to constitute reserves because of the precarious nature of this activity. In conclusion, the general economic evolution combined with the farmers' very slight self-financing possibilities, the country's industrialisation policy and institutional factors lead to a very pessimistic view of investment in agriculture. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 96 Number: 350766 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350766 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350766/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2220.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350766 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: L'enseignement de l'économie correspond-il aux besoins de l'agriculture, au niveau de l'enseignement supérieur ? Abstract: The teaching of economics and social science in schools of agriculture comes up against specific difficulties, partly due to the necessarily limited place they occupy in the general teaching and due also to the fact that the students undertake these studies with no previous training. Specialisation in the third year also poses difficult problems because one must both complete insufficient bases and prepare students for their professional life. This teaching must, in most cases, remain general enough for the students to be able to adapt to various activities. Periods of practical training in firms or participation in a concrete research project will always form a valid initiation into the problems of professional life. This teaching must be constantly called in question in order to improve it. One condition necessary for success is a greater number of contacts with the employers of agricultural specialists orientated towards economics. In future one can expect the importance of post-graduate training courses to increase. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 96 Number: 350767 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350767 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350767/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2221.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350767 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: L'enseignement de l'économie correspond-il aux besoins de l'agriculture au niveau de l'enseignement technique agricole ? Abstract: Technical agricultural education aims more and more to form future farmers. It is strongly influenced by the desire to form farmers' children. With the presently dominant education conceptions which stress the acquisition of knowledge in the student's memory, these two objectives are in contradiction because they lead to a surcharge of the teaching programs. A new conception stressing intellectual autonomy, i.e. the ability to analyze a situation could permit one to resolve this contradiction and to change the nature of the dilemna general formation versus technical formation. With such a conception, it is the spirit rather than the content of economic teaching which matters. The employment market gives a first idea of the adequation of teaching to the needs of the society. The « short cycle » graduates (15-16 years old) find little more than unskilled jobs outside of agriculture. By contrast « long cycle » graduates (18-19 years old) and « superior technicians » (20-22 years old) will probably continue to find employment. Their formation fulfill a need. Yet a study of the teaching programs and of te examinations subjects in agricultural economics indicates that, in spite of recent changes, the main emphasis is still placed on the acquisition of knowledge and not on the ability to analyze concrete situations. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 96 Number: 350768 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350768 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350768/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2222.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350768 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beauchet, M. Title: Répertoire des recherches en économie rurale Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 96 Number: 350769 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350769 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350769/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2223.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350769 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Les recherches en économie rurale à l' I.N.R.A. : essai de bilan et perspectives Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 96 Number: 350770 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350770 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350770/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2224.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350770 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Problèmes nouveaux et propositions pour l'avancement des connaissances Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 96 Number: 350771 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350771 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350771/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2225.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350771 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau, H. Title: Discussion Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 96 Number: 350772 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350772 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350772/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2226.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350772 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Annuaire des études en cours et en projet, 1973 Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 96 Number: 350773 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350773 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350773/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2227.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350773 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mansholt, Sicco Title: Comment les économistes agricoles peuvent-ils contribuer à la solution des problèmes agricoles en Europe ? Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 97 Number: 350774 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350774 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350774/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_97_1_2228.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350774 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Author-Name: Guillon, J-P. Author-Name: Palau, M.H. Author-Name: Vibert, P. Title: Les agriculteurs et la politique agricole en 1972 : premiers résultats d'une enquête sur les opinions et les comportements Abstract: The objective of this research is to study models of individual behaviour of farmers. More specifically, the aim is to see whether an economic classification based on the rate and tupe of change occuring on the farms is consistent with a sociological classification using as indicator the degree of adoption by the farmers of the values and symbols of global society. The main hypothesis being tested is that there is a relationship between what the farmers do on their farm and what their opinions are on various questions concerning their life as farmers. This should help forecasting and decision making. A second hypothesis concerns the low degree of farmer's participation in the farm organizations and institutions. Can one simply put the blame on individualism ? Whe think that the present system of represent tation of members in the organizations increases the part played by a shrinking number of leaders with correlative disinterest of the rest of the membership. The study involves the analysis of samples of 220 farmers each in ten different areas - in all 2 200 farmers were interviewed. Three types of farming are found side by side : 1- Subsistence-level farming - characterized by the small size of the farms, the inhabitants low standard of living, their lack of contacts with the outside world and with ministerial or professional bodies. It wakes up 15 % - 20 % of the total number of farmers, and 5 to 10 % of cultivated land ; 30 % of them have addiitonal income derived from a non- agricultural activity. 2 - Traditional farming, - made up of farms that are often quite extensive, represents about 45 % of the farmers and of the total area. Their standard of living is average, their way of life traditional. It is here that the greatest proportion of young farmes are to be found. However there is a distinct tendency for them to remain single and for more than one family to live under one roof. These farmers, some of whom are anxious only to increase the size of their farms by investing as little as possible in equipment, are active in professional bodies but have little contact with ministerial services. A - Modern farming where there is a great deal of investment, wakes up 35 to 40 % of the farmers and 50 % of the total area. The families standard of living is high. They may be deeply in debt and these business men seem more vulnerable to changes in the economic situation than the others. They have frequent contacts with ministerial services. Many union leaders come from their ranks. The leaders, characterized by the closeness of their contacts with government departments and professional bodies, present a very particular picture : younger than the group average, heads of hig families, with a very high standard of living, they use good management methods, often sign integration contracts and invest a great deal. They are the active elements of Union life. Contrary to current opinion, they hope that State aid will develop a great deal in the field of adult training, whereas most farmers care only about the prices policy. These leaders represent a type of farming that the state might seek to encourage. But they seem isolated and too much in advance to provide a model for the other farmers at present. In general the imvact of the aid of the Ministry of Agriculture is slight. Apart from social measures (protection, pensions) the other measures are on the whole taken advantage of only 15% of the farmers. On the other hand, because each method of evolution of farms represents an individualized economic system, with its own international logic, it is normal that this aid should not offer the same interest for all and that its use should vary greatly. From the poor farmers in the regions with small farms to the heads of farms in the regions with large scale farming, the average use of this aid varies from less than 5 % to about 50%. Amongst the different types of aid offered, the most used forms concern social protection. The IVD (pensions schema for retiring farmers) is well-known and present-day farmers also intend to take advantage of it. Financial aid in the finding of capital to run the farm is in second position. The use of measures to improve land structures is also quite frequent. Value added tax is mainly used by growing farms. The organization of crops (production contracts, grouping of producers) is developing slowly, in spite of the guarantees concerning prices and markets, thus offered to the farmers. For the future, 35 % of the farmers questioned say they are ready to opt for the system of development plans proposed by the EEC. Most would accept all its demands (book keeping, joining a producers' group, checking). The measures concerning vocational training (extension work) and the teaching of farming, are little used except by expanding farmers. Finally specific aid for certain forms of products (premiums for calves or nursing cows) or moves that are bold because they challenge classic farming (GAEC, GFA) have tittle impact. This analysis of the measures shows that the current evolution (equipment, partial organization of production) do not profoundly modify the methods nor the systems of production. The nine quality within farming has not been reduced. In particular four problems condition the future : 1- With regard to the land problem, no major change in the competition between farmers is to be expected in the near future, so far only the smalt farmers have been affected by the tendency to leave the land. The land which was become available will mainly be that of traditional or modern farmers who give up farming but who frequently have successors. The most dynamic among them will compete more and more fiercely with each other to find land in the present framework. Private or collective acquisition of land is a question that will be at the heart of future thought about agricultural policy. 2- The lack of young farmers may become more apparent in the next few years. 3- The need to make credit easier to obtain is quoted by all categories of farmers. This question is linked to that of development plans. 4 - Finally the desire for a firmer control of the type of crop produced is a major preoccupation of almost half the farmers, who are painfully aware of the insecurity of the sale prices of their crops. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 97 Number: 350775 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350775 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350775/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_97_1_2229.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350775 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Legrand, Régis Title: Application de la TVA en agriculture et comportement de quelques exploitants agricoles Abstract: The application of VAT to Agriculture and the behaviour of soms farmers - The extension of VAT to agriculture in 1968 gives farmers the possibility of choosing between two new methods of taxing their turn-over ; either being repaid a forfeitary sum or VAT. Until Jan. 1 1972 those who did not opt for one of these two forms of taxation continued to benefit from the reduction on agricultural machinery. These forms of taxation are simplified in comparison with the form generally applied; nevertheless, agricultural VAT is a fairly complicated system when it comes to the rules covering the deductions and obligations of those whose activity concerns livestock. A survey carried out in August 1971 amongst a hundred or so farmers in the Loire Valley area was intended to analyses the attitudes towards VAT of farmers who have chosen VAT, of those being repaid a forfeitary sum and those who still opt for the discount system. In order to obtain a homogeneous cross-section only few technico-economic categories were retained : fruit-growers with between 5 and 10 hectares, market- gardeners with less than 5 hectares, those going in for mixed farming and stokraising with between 20 and 50 hectares, and 50 and 100 hectares, cereal-growers with between 20 and 50 hectares, and 50 and 100 hectares. The factor analysis of the data collected enabled certain attitudes corresponding to the various tax systems to be pinpointed. The farmer's training and education, his sources of information, his belonging to agricultural organisations, his marketing system appeared to be the deciding factors. In some cases it was possible to pick out a group of elements common to the farmers in one technico economic category. In example, the marketing system for the market-gardeners and the fruit-growers, or the tendency to invest for those engaged in mixed-farming and stock-breeding. The application of VAT to agriculture was often seen as an initiative on the part of the tax authorities to gain firmer control of production and incomes. Only a small minority seems to be aware of the decrease in taxation for which it was created. If a change of attitude is indispensable, it does not seem that VAT is either a determining nor important factor of this change. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 97 Number: 350776 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350776 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350776/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_97_1_2230.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350776 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 97 Number: 350777 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350777 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350777/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_97_1_2231.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350777 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deffontaines, Jean-Pierre Title: Analyse du paysage et étude régionale des systèmes de production agricole Abstract: An analysis of the landscape and a regional study of agricultural production systems The study of the means of development (of a region's agriculture) implies an all-round knowledge of its situation, above all of its farm units. Within the framework of such studies and with a view to synthesis, two notions are considered together : the first - technico-economic - is the farm' production systems ; the other - geographic - is the landscape. After briefly outlining the production system and a few remarks about the limitations of studies being made at present the author develops his conception of « landscape » : a basis of data which are original because of the simultaneity in time and the superposition or proximity in space of a number of phenomena. Landscape analysis can be organized. It then, as two examples show, brings to light the interaction of the production systems factors. It reveals certain aspects of the nature and functioning of these factors and the constraints imposed on their evolution. Finally it suggests the hypotheses which guide the analysis of present systems and the elaboration of modified or new systems. Landscape analysis has a part to play in the preliminary phases of an analysis of the agriculture of a region. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 98 Number: 350778 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350778 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350778/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_98_1_2232.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350778 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Macé, Georges Title: Les transformations récentes des structures foncières et les exploitations agricoles dans le département de la Mayenne Abstract: Recent transformations of land structures in the department of Mayenne - Between the repartition of the types of estates (small holdings in the North, and extensive or middle-sized landed-property in the Centre and in the South) and that of the types of farms, there is a correlation, often close. The evolution which is taking place now, in the frame of agricultural land-market, the difficulties of farmconcentration in the North-West, the importance of the indebtment of the farmers who buy the farm they live on, in the Centre and in the South, can be explained by the features of the land structures already on the spot. Without being negligible, the improvements of land-structures made by the SAFER and the ADASEA have not been to the measure of the problems brought up. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 98 Number: 350779 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350779 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350779/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_98_1_2233.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bryant, Christopher Title: L'agriculture face à la croissance métropolitaine : le cas des exploitations fruitières de Groslay et Deuil-Ia-Barre dans la grande banlieue nord de Paris Abstract: Rural space in metropolitan regions : two intensive fruitgrowing communes near Paris The topic of this study is concerned with the effe.ct of urban development upon selected aspects of farm structure. Agriculturally, Deuil la Barre and Groslay are intensive fruitgrowing communes, but at the same time, have been undergoing piecemeal urban development for several decades, a phenomenon which has increased in the area and its environs since the mid 50's. Firstly, a brief description of the pertinent characteristics of the region and its history is given. Then, largely from information gleaned from a questionnaire survey in 1967/68, the major changes in agricultural structure in the post-war period are identified and discussed in the light of the forces of urbanisation present in this period. The accent is placed on changes in farm size and changes in the locational structure of new orchard land. Hypotheses are developed which link the urban development factor to the profitability of agricultural investment, and thereby to the locational structure of new orchards. The hypotheses are tested, and generally supported, by detaVed analysis using standard statistical techniques appropriate to two-dimensional distributions. Finally some comments are made on the redevance of the findings of this analysis to the planning of rural space in metropolitan regions. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 98 Number: 350780 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350780 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350780/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_98_1_2234.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350780 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Champagne, J.-P. Author-Name: Sneessens, J.-F. Author-Name: Bublot, G. Title: Analyse spatiale des revenus par unité de travail dans les exploitations agricoles belges (1968-1969) Abstract: A space analysis of incomes per labour unit in Belgian farms (1968-1969) - Are the factors « agricultural region » or « area under cultivation » able to explain the distribution of incomes per labourunit ? In a thousand Belgian farms whose accounts were kept by the Agricultural Economic Institute during the financial year 1968-69, the earned income per labour-unit was analysed. The influence of the two factors under consideration was clearly revealed by the relative frequency of varying levels of earned income. The existence of each of the phenomena « region » and « area » was borne out by the diversity of the combination of their effects : differences in the size of the farms and the productivity of labour, and differences in fertility and location. Any coherent social policy in agriculture implies previous knowledge of the different structural factors which conditions incomes. Long-term action can be carried out by mean of measures influencing the size of farms, developing employment locally, and, in the worst-off areas, by means of more specific aid and an attempt to intensify agricultural production. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 98 Number: 350781 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350781 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350781/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_98_1_2235.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350781 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oldenhove, V. Author-Name: Bublot, G. Author-Name: Thonon, A. Title: Les progrès techniques dans le secteur porcin belge (1950-1970) Abstract: The technical progress in the Belgian pig sector, 1950-70 - This paper analyses the nature and impacts of technology on the Belgian pig sector for the last twenty years, so as the improvements which have resulted from it. Two types of progress are studied : (a) biological progress (genetics, nutrition, health...) which have an impact on physiology of animals and which have been materialized mainly by an higher rate of growth, a better meat quality on slaughter pigs and a higher rate of fertility of the breeding sows ; (b) mechanical progress, consisting in the repTa- cement of handwork by mechanical processes, have considerably increased the productivity of labor. In conclusions, the Government has financed a growing part of research expenses, which have been highly profitable. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 98 Number: 350782 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350782 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350782/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_98_1_2236.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350782 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Author-Name: Barberis, Corrado Author-Name: Mouton Title: Communications Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 98 Number: 350783 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350783 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350783/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_98_1_4255.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350783 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 98 Number: 350784 Year: 1973 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350784 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350784/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_98_1_2237.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350784 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miossec, Jean-Marie Title: Les hommes et le développement Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350785 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350785 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350785/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2269.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350785 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cochard, J. Title: Réflexions sur la recherche et le développement Abstract: Thoughts on research and development - The writer's point of view is that of a stockbreeder taking advantage of « Development » as it exists at present, and he lists a series of personal observations. He notes the apparent failure of « development » if one considers the percentage of its participants. In part he attributes this to French farmers' reluctance to belong to any organisation. The position of the Farmers, who in the end control development, is ambiguous. Development is by its very nature progressive ; farmers are on the whole conservative. But the recent technical and economic progress of French farming is obvious (except for stockb reeding) but for the most part it is transmitted by other channels than the official development services. The latter have an unweildy, centralised framework and take up time and money ; they are fraught with professional rivalries that neutralise them. The writer challenges the principle itself : he thinks it is too ambitious to try to set up as-yet-non-existant farm policy, to planify and build models of French agriculture, where men and areas vary considerably. Planning and model-building seem to him in contradiction with encouraging individuals to assume their responsibilities. Moreover, however imperfect it may be, the sum total of personal decisions made by men both trained and untrained would, on the whole, be more efficient and less expensive than the Plan. Regarding technical institutes — two ambiguities are pointed out : they consider themselves scientific but are the tools of a one-sided professional policy ; they should first and foremost « apply » results but very often they encroach on the field of research. There is also ambiguity in development as regards the economic bodies : though often efficient this form of development does not necessarily coincide with the interests of the farmer. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 99-100 Number: 350786 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350786 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350786/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2270.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350786 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Author-Name: Boulay, J. Title: Le développement, pour la masse ou pour une élite ? Abstract: For the mass or the elite ? - Has the transfer of the responsibility for development (extension-work) from the State to the farmers that took place in 1966 satisfied the hopes raised at that time ? Does it give farmers as a whole control over their own development ? There has been much criticism and anxiety has been felt at a local level amongst advisors and others in charge. Competition between public, all-round extension- work financed by all the farmers and accessible to all, and the commercial popularisation of firms reserved for their customers, specialising in production under contract, is at the root of this attitude : which is most efficient ? Within the private system the farmer is sure of keeping his innovations for himself and not being imitated by others ; he is sure of selling and is in part protected. On the other hand public extension work is reproached with contacting only a small number of farmers, those who are already more developed ; whereas theoretically it is they who have least need of it. It is the working of the production chain and the generalisation of knowledge of innovations that requires examination. How does it affect the farming branch ? Two aspects are considered : The public development services and private firms or cooperatives have a very different impact on the farmers. The former seem to have less impact than the firms. In the example analysed here this difference is due to the fact that the private firm aims to increase its turnover, therefore it attempts to contact the greatest possible number of farmers. But it chooses those who are slightly better-off than the average in the region. Without modifying completely their usual production system, it encourages an increase in their fodder production and introduced production under contract that ensures a high income. The agricultural development committee, which is more ambitious, attempts, under the influence of the more advanced farmers and their leaders, a complete change in the stockbreeding system. It is in conflict with their attitudes and seems to have less success. How can development programmes, adapted to the needs of the different categories of farmers, be set up ? The analysis of the use of the main techniques by the farmers enabled typical forms of behaviour to be defined. The choice of techniques to be popularised is a result of this. In particular it seems that relatively simple inexpensive modern techniques could improve the position of the most backward and help them to catch up with the mass of average farmers. Thus the value of moderately ambitious popularisation is clear. For the most advanced farmers the choice is obviously very different : they need much more sophisticated proposals. Following this research, in an atmosphere where men and money available for development are scarce, one must choose between the mass and the elite. Cannot the latter themselves finance their knowledge of advanced techniques ? Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350787 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350787 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350787/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2271.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350787 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Houée, Paul Title: Animation et développement micro-régional en milieu rural français Abstract: Advisory bodies and micro-regional development in France country districts - This paper hopes to provide an introduction to the problems of advisory bodies and micro-regional development from two points of view : — that of a historical outline of the phenomenon in France ; — that of a comparative analysis of two methods of agricultural development. A. The emergence of advisory bodies and development in France. 1 - Its antecedents : the cultural-social life there has always been in village communities ; the cultural activity of the Foyers Ruraux and the JAC. 2 - Advice and Extension-work in Technical Modernisation (1950-1960). In the productivist post-war climate the farmers organised themselves in technical groups, with many, varied, new ideas, to spread technical progress and the modernisation of equipment ; they counted on the success of these pioneer groups to make farming progress, if not to revitalise the countryside, but often achievements were only individual. Regional development remained merely a principle, with a few improvised examples of decentralisation and « Expansion Committees » with no influence on farming. Development consisted in modernising agriculture, in equiping the countryside ; extensionwork was a simplified means of teaching technological innovation. 3 -Advisory bodies in socio-economic organisation (1960-1966). At the moment when extension-work was being established, economic preoccupations made necessary a vast project for the reform of the structures of production and marketing, by means of economically directed farmers' union advisory bodies. The realisation of the disparities in growth encouraged the farmers' organisations to call for a régionalisation of assistance to farming. The economic development policy led to a certain administrative decentralisation, to the development of depressed areas, at the same time as urban districts became aware of the necessity of providing more equipment and giving life to local areas. Some rural areas organised themselves but on the whole -this increased animation consisted in fostering economic organisation and professional action in isolated branches. 4 - Advisory bodies in regional development (1966- 1973). Farming — its autonomy and homogeneity challenged — tried to find reasons for optimism among the other rural occupations. The authorities would like to equip and develop the space at their disposal that is in ever greater demand, and to revitalise local societies and regional farming in the midst of a civilisation in search of a new way of life. Side by side with technical advice, economic and social organisation, advice on micro- regional development is just beginning either by means of action by the farmers' own organisations or by means of surveys and advisory bodies concerned with rural planning. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350788 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350788 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350788/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2272.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350788 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Gouis, Michel Title: Les choix actuels de l'Association nationale de développement agricole (ANDA). Discussion par M. Cormoreche et J. Rebischung Abstract: Anda is facing basic choices - Briefly outlined in this note, are some seven major issues, presently confronting ANDA (French equivalent of Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services), in an attempt to more clearly define its activity and to point out ways to improve its efficiency. The main choice is made in deliberately selecting development oriented programs, a broader approach than the traditional « technical advice » to farmers. These fundamental options give the trend of choices to be made in ANDA new policy, such as : delegating further responsabilities to farmers in planning and funding their own development activities ; combining cohesion and diversification of human and material ressources ; increasing participation of all concerned, especially during the selection of aims and means. Finally, ANDA is expected to constantly improve cooperation between its associates, the Government Departments concerned (Agriculture and Treasury), the major French farm organisations and the farmers themselves. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350789 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350789 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350789/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2273.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350789 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sournac, A. Title: La diversité des situations des SUAD dans les départements français Abstract: The role of the SUADs in Agricultural Devlopment - The aim of the SUADs : information, training, action towards all-round development is seen and experienced in different ways in the different departments : an idea of these differences can be obtained from the examples of the Var and the Ardèche departments. The structure : a SUAD, a CDDA and smaller units (CETA, GVA, CUMA) is adapted to the specific factors in each department and to each stage of the development process. The SUAD, which is close to the farm, is at the hub of activity and can thus play a decisive rôle in organisation and concertation. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350790 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350790 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350790/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2274.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350790 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Garrigues, M. Title: L'établissement départemental de l'élevage (EDE) et le développement. Discussion par J. Golven Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 99-100 Number: 350791 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350791 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350791/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2275.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350791 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trinel, V. Title: Les relations entre développement et syndicalisme : l'exemple de l'Yonne Abstract: Extension-work and development in the Yonne department - The role of the farmers' union and of the « Chambre d'agriculture ». The organisation of extension-work in Yonne took place in three stages which correspond on the whole to the dates of the official texts : 1950, 1959, 1966. The analysis of each of these stages enables one to follow the evolution from giving technical advice to training the farmer and then to development. The principal questions still awaiting solutions are considered in a language that some of those responsible find « harsh ». Two facts explain this : - the analysis is based mainly on the political context of farmers in Yonne ; - the union leader (as is also true of the development expert) needs a greater clarification of his options, for he often has to explain them to farmers. These questions must therefore be considered not as criticism but as an appeal : - to those professionally responsible to explain their options without glossing over their consequences ; - to the scientists to attempt to work out and propose more coherent programmes of action (by going outside their own useful but narrow field), taking into account social justice and the fundamental need for every individual to be or to become responsible. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350792 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350792 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350792/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2276.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350792 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rives, E. Title: Les relations entre le développement et les coopératives. Discussion par J. de Saint-Martin Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350793 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350793 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350793/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2277.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350793 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Saint-Martin, Jacques Title: Les conflits sources de progrès Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350794 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350794 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350794/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_4267.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350794 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joly, G. Title: Le programme de développement agricole du Tarn. Discussion par L. Malassis Abstract: The development programme in the tarn department - The professional advisors, noting that there exist development factors over wich the department's agricultural organisations have a direct influence, realised that concrete proposals should be formulated at this level, in order to obtain the greatest possible results from existing means. It also seemed to them necessary to establish, by means of greater collaboration, a certain complementarity between all the farming organisations in order to carry out operations converging on a Finally the aim of this development programme should be to improve the farmers' living conditions, especially to increase the income from farming and make farming attractive for young people. 2. The method used : There are to be four stages : The aim of the first stage was to define the problems of farming in the department in 1970 and sum up the situation. It began to encourage the farming organisations in the department to think about and define a department agricultural programme. The aim of the second stage was to define the main lines to be taken into account by the programme. It took the concrete form of a file : « Proposals for en agricultural development programme ». The third stage enabled a preliminary outline of a departmental programme to be defined, giving alternatives so as not to be limited to one tendency. During the fourth stage decisions were made ning the objectives selected and the action to be taken by the departmental programme. The programme selected emphasises : — forms of action that are to have priority since they are considered capable of having greater general influence on the agriculture of the Tarn department. These forms of action are : (a) the crops produced : winegrowing, lucern seed, graminaceae for fodder, tobacco, oil-producing plants, pigs, cattle for beef, ewes for milk. (b) the structures : grouped land development sche- .mes, group farming, plans for farm development, agricultural land groups, irrigation, voluntary exchange of land, substructure. (c) training and information : the setting up of development programmes in the framework of local groups, the training of the farmers and agricultural leaders. The « accompanying » forms of action were judged less important. The criteria were : markets, ensured by contracts, the number of farmers concerned, the profitability of the operation, the degree of perfection of the techniques, the possibility of rapid adaptation, the modernisation of the farms. 3. The Structures of Development. The implementation of the programme requires of the existing bodies an increased effort to satisfy the needs of the farmers who would like to take up these proposals. It is therfore essential that the strategies of the different bodies should be harmonised and directed towards the realisation of the agreed programme. A Tarn Agricultural Development Committee (CODAT) was set up. It is composed of representatives of the departmental farming organisations, advisory bodies, and civil servants. Its main task is to see that the conditions necessary for these objectives to be attained should exist side by side : coordination, concertation and information, finance. From time to time it takes stock of these operations and organises an annual round-table to facilitate the harmonisation of the different forms of action. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350795 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350795 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350795/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2278.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350795 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Commentaires à propos des plans départementaux de développement Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350796 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350796 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350796/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_4266.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350796 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Solignac-Lecomte, François Title: La coordination des actions de développement au niveau régional Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350797 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350797 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350797/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2279.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350797 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Author-Name: Deffontaines, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Osty, Pierre-Louis Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Une équipe de recherches face aux problèmes de développement Abstract: A pluridiscipunary research team n relation with problems of development - At the request of farm organizations in the « département des Vosges », a pluridisciplinary research team was set up in order to study the main problems raised by the choice of an agricultural development and extension policy for the area. After having recalled the main phases of the approach followed by the research team (analytical studies, synthetic attempt under the form of a « diagnostic », participation to commissions preparing a pluriannual development programme), this article dwells on two difficulties of this type of research made in relation with a demand : the relationship with action and pluridisciplirarity. Any development program is a result of a political choice between objectives which are more or less contradictory and often unclear. In this context, the researchers can not remain neutral even though they may not always be fully conscious of their ideological positions. As a result the difficulties of communication between disciplines may reflect diverging ideologies which then should be clarified. As to the role of researchers in relation with decision makers, it has to be specified in view of a new conception of the relationship between analysis, education and action. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 99-100 Number: 350798 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350798 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350798/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2281.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350798 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boisseau, Pierre Title: Expérimentation d'une méthode de travail des conseillers auprès des agriculteurs d'un quartier ou d'une commune Abstract: An experimental method used by advisors among the farmers of one small district or commune -The setting-up of intense social contacts between the farmers concerned is the necessary preliminary to an attempt at modernisation encouraged by agricultural organisations and technicians. A specialist cannot give the necessary impetus to a project within a group if the project has not emerged from a living local exchange of aspirations and observations. But economic growth breaks up the traditional means of direct social communication. The vast majority of farmers therefore need a « personalised agent » to establish contacts, an agricultural advisor who prepares the ground for the intervention of specialists from official bodies of all kinds, by encouraging requests for meetings. The method of « pre-extension-work » proposed here is based on the interaction of two means of expression. One is individual : interviews. The other is collective : the meeting of a local group. The experiments carried out with this method in Lorraine and Berri have brought to light the main stumbling-block to each of the technical stages of this restructuring of society : the technicians' fears lest they do not immediately arrive at a list of advice or at a programme of action. But these exchanges are stimulated all the more when the principal aim is not to encourage new projects but simply to help the farmers to learn to be able to control changes that they must inevitably face. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 99-100 Number: 350799 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350799 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350799/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2282.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350799 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moisan, H. Author-Name: Henry, H. Title: Analyse d'un processus de diffusion à grande échelle réalisée par les femmes d'agriculteurs. Présentation par Mme Henry Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 99-100 Number: 350800 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350800 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350800/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2283.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350800 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bodiguel, Maryvonne Title: Les enseignements de la psycho sociologie en matière de diffusion des innovations. Discussion par Ch. Delaunoy Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 99-100 Number: 350801 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350801 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350801/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2284.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350801 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baladier, F. Author-Name: Clément, F. Title: Les types d'intervention des conseillers agricoles en France Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 99-100 Number: 350802 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350802 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350802/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2286.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350802 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dentzer, M.-T. Title: Le rôle des conseillères Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 99-100 Number: 350803 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350803 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350803/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2287.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350803 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daubard, J.-P. Title: Les interrogations des conseillers agricoles en Bourgogne Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 99-100 Number: 350804 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350804 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350804/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2288.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350804 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quemeneur, Y. Author-Name: Servaud, J. Title: Plaidoyer pour un développement agricole cohérent et efficace Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 99-100 Number: 350805 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350805 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350805/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2289.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350805 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupuis, Bernard Title: Les conseillers agricoles face au développement Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 99-100 Number: 350806 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350806 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350806/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2290.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350806 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herblot, J. Title: Les agriculteurs sont-ils satisfaits de la vulgarisation ? Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 99-100 Number: 350807 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350807 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350807/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_99_1_2291.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350807 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simantov, Albert Title: Contradictions de la politique agricole dans les pays industrialisés Abstract: Contradictions of agricultural policy - Having briefly recalled what have been so far the main constraints — economic, social and political — of agricultural policy, both at national and international level, this article identifies the contradictions of present policies and tries to give an answer to the questions arising when discussing the future of agriculture. The concepts of growth, of parity and of protection and questions such as : What is agriculture ? Who is a farmer ? are analysed. The article proceeds with the discussion of a policy framework for the 19&0's which would insert agriculture on the one hand in a policy for the entire agri-business complex and on the other hand in a policy for resources development and conservation. The article stresses also the need to develop a policy for all the under-privileged, irrespective of the professional group to which they belong. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 101 Number: 350808 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350808 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350808/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_101_1_2293.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350808 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: La fin de la dégradation des termes de l'échange au détriment de l'agriculture française Abstract: An end to the deterioration of thl balance of trade in french farming. - For most farm economists and officials of farming organisations the constantly widening gap between agricultural and industrial prices is a common place. However in the light of recent statistics it seems that, contrary to the general opinion, agricultural prices in comparison with others have greatly improved. laking up the statistics for the years 1962-72 this article attempts to demonstrate that on average agricultural prices have closely followed th'' general rise in prices and that taking into account the modifications in total input, the farm running-costs index has continually decreased. Without going so far as to exclude the possibility of a future deterioration in the balance of trade, it has to be admitted that this theory does not explain everything and has no reason to be put forward now. If agriculture is a dominated sector the value transferred from it does not result essentially from the primary price effect but from more sophisticated mechanisms. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 101 Number: 350809 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350809 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350809/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_101_1_2294.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350809 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faudry, Daniel Title: Les différences de productivité dans l'agriculture : éléments d'une typologie des exploitations agricoles Abstract: Differences in productivity : a statistical study at the exploitation level. - Differences in productivity have been the most often studied on regional averages. The variance within region is more important than the variance between regions. This fact allows a statistical study at the exploitation level. The study concerns 2143 farms. Several concordant factorial analysis show that productivity behaves in an autonomous way with regard to the main characters of these farms. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 101 Number: 350810 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350810 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350810/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_101_1_2295.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350810 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frélastre, Georges Title: Le temps et la concertation, facteurs importants de l'aménagement du territoire : une démonstration, les Landes de Gascogne Abstract: Time and collaboration : important factors in town and country planning. An example, les Landes de Gascogne - It is about fifteen years since the Compagnie des Landes de Gascogne began to develop and improve arable land. This experiment encountered great difficulties. Some thirty of those who had been allocated plots of land had protested over the poor results obtained during the first few yea rs and had taken legal action. The court found in favour of the plaintiffs, following the conclusions of the experts who had been appointed. They accused the C.A.L.G. of having undertaken a risky experiment and of having sold land unsuitable for farming. Now that some years have gone by it would seem that this harsh judgment against the company should be reconsidered. In the reclaiming of virgin land time is an impor tant factor. It is only after a certain length of time that one can draw objective conclusions. It is difficult to require local authorities to know in advance exactly what will happen when dealing with something as tricky as the implantation of farms on recently improved land. The human element is also important and the technical knowledge of those allocated plots, their financial possiblities — often necessary to supplement public investments — , and the element of luck — in the form of weather conditions — have a considerable influença on the success or the failure of the undertaking. As time goes by the experiment attempted by the C.A. L.G. finally seems to have achieved some success. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 101 Number: 350811 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350811 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350811/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_101_1_2296.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350811 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcellin, M. Title: Tendances de la vulgarisation dans les pays européens Abstract: Trends of extension work in european countries - In most European countries the services responsible for extension-work have evolved in much the same way, though to varying degrees, since the end of the second World War. The nature of the knowledge required by farmers has gradually changed with the greater structurisation and organisation of farming. From being purely technical information it first became help in decisionmaking on the level of the individual farm and then, recently, it became help in decision-making on the level of a whole economic field {a production branch or agricultural region). At the same time the extension-worker became first an advisory expert {which is what he still is in many countries) and then « an expert in agricultural development ». This evolution, which poses many problems for extension-work, may have a profound influence on its organisation. Above all it leads to the need to establish new and closer contacts between agricultural research and extension- work. This new relationship is the result of two requirements: (a) Research ought to play a part in the perfectioning of the means of analysing and managing these complex socio-economic units that are the field of action of the new form of extension-work — (just as it helped extension- work to perfect the means of managing farm businesses). (b) In return, research programmes ought to be directly influenced by the technical problems that the development programmes, set up by farmers and extension-workers, bring to light. The present effort to define the new roles of research and extension-work in agricultural development, could benefit from the countries concerned exchanging views on their experiences. The writer then lists five wishes he describes as «naive». (1) Development, though often a necessity, is not an end in itself. But training in personal, individual thought and action in a « conditioning » world has its own intrinsic value and is an end in itself. (2) Complete, honest, objective information is the complement of this form of training. This kind of information and training would rid development of the need to direct and orientate, which is at present its role. The ANDA funds ought to be entirely devoted to these two primordial activities. (3) But the official bodies that are to organise these ac tivities are means and not ends ; they must therefore be constantly challenged and questioned. Nevertheless those working within these structures m ust not be the victims of. this mobility and adaptability. In this field everything has yet to be invented. (4) Research, the basis of development, must be a privileged activity. But that also means demanding more of it and challenging it. More should also be demanded of the Universities. Both must be linked to the real life of the country. (5) All the above-mentioned bodies must be obliged to obey Golden Rule of pragmatism and the observation of reality. True progress is a spiral : research-workers, advisors and those implementing their results or advice constantly check each others' work and are a source of intellectual stimulation for each other. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 101 Number: 350812 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350812 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350812/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_101_1_2298.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350812 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salmona, Micheline Author-Name: de Vries, H. Title: Pour une psychologie du travail agricole : résultats d'une étude psychologique de l'éleveur ovin et applications pédagogiques Abstract: The results of a psychological study of the sheep-breeder its application to educational methods - Extension work and development require studies of the human aspects of farming, but farming organisations more or less consciously refuse to consider such studies. Two myths ore kept alive : that of the common inte rests of the wealthy farmer and the poor farmer ; and that of the similarity of the capacities required to run a crop- growing or stock-breeding farm (being a «good producer» and being . a « business-man »). The « poor farmer » on whom stock-breeding largely depends, is led to believe that he provides unskilled, old- fashioned, non-intellectual labour : he must therefore re sign himself to selling his produce at an inordinately low price in comparison with grains. The psychological behaviour of the stock-breeder in his attitude to his work is not well known. In a stock- breeding business, who does what ? In particular what^ does his wife do ? On what kind of balance of their respective roles — often linked to the complementarity of thei r ability — does the success of such a businesse depend ? Are their different capacities specific to one or the other ? A study of the contribution in interest and knowledge on the part of the sheepbreeder was carried out with the collaboration of a group of teen-age trainee-breeders and forty stock-breeders from the Puyde-Dôme. The study enabled the characteristics of their work and the social position of the stockbreeder to be defined. If the interest necessary for this kind of work is lac king, a certain adjustment in their individual behaviour takes place. The flock plays an important part in the psychology of the breeder who must nevertheless reconcile his ambitions, his economic activity, his relationship to the group of which he is a member. Beneath certain psycho-economic levels, the farmer and his family can no longer live « decently », and their mental balance is threatened. The « economics » of the feeling underlying this ba lance is not taken into account by economic analysis and development models. The economic and technical risks are calculated. The psychological risks are forgotten. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 101 Number: 350813 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350813 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350813/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_101_1_2299.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350813 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Wilde, Robert Title: Les programmes du FORMA et l'animation régionale Abstract: FORMA programs and regional impact - FORMA administers, in the animal production sector, programs based on producers groups and other local organisations which can have a regional impact. These programs have three main characteristics : — they are not run through the usual local, regional, national network of consultative committees but on contracts signed with economic entities ; — these units receive a very large liberty of action. Furthermore they are the only ones, in their area, through which certain subsidies can be obtained. These subsidies go to producers ready to participate in technical or commercial programs ; — great care is taken to fit the programs to local needs and to problems which are locally considered as urgent. This structure is very adaptable. At the regional level, it gives the opportunity to bring together on definite goals farm unions, technical institutes and economic units whether cooperative or- private. It gives farmers who want to progress extra help. Started three years ago, these programs get good reception at the local level and are adopted today by a large number of farmers. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 101 Number: 350814 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350814 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350814/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_101_1_2300.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350814 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 101 Number: 350815 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350815 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350815/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_101_1_2301.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350815 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lebossé, Jean-Claude Author-Name: Ouïsse, Michel Title: Les politiques d'intégration de l'agriculture artisanale au mode de production capitaliste Abstract: In this article on the mean-term evolution likely for French farming, the writers attempt to put forward some arguments in favour of a point of view mid-way between the two usually held - that of the need to maintain an out- of-date form of farming and that of the development of agricultural capitalism. They advocate, in the general farming-food-industries framework, the development of an original social structure which integrates modern small- scale farming structures and cooperative structures in the food industries sector where capitalist production methods are dominant. They attempt to show that this original solution can be lasting and is desired by the dominant forces in the economy as a whole, for it fulfills basic needs. They devefop this theme and, first of all, examine the way this integration is achieved spontaneously by capitalist integration and the cooperative movement. They then try to show that, from this point of view, state policy appears to be sufficiently coherent to foster a form of integration and a social development specific to the farming-food-industries sector. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 102 Number: 350816 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350816 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350816/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_102_1_2238.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350816 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnet, Jacques Title: Le financement de l'élevage bovin et porcin Abstract: Financing of cattle-and-pig-breeding - Beef and pork make up about 45 % of the total French agricultural output, provided by a considerable number of animals - more than twenty one million cattle and ten million pigs. Herds of this size require a means of financing adapted to them if the community at large is not to be obliged to grant stock-breeding permanent support and the breeders forced to become wealthier. Financing the breeding stock the value of which remains constant in real terms by means of loans makes the breeders unable to avoid saving. The degree of self financing that is necessary increases with the development of the structures of production. This article analyses the consequences of the present method of financing - the financial behaviour of breeders who are forced to save, and the need to find a use for these savings in agriculture, savings that are in fact greater than what is to be invested because of the renewed influx of funds made available for the existing assets when the business changes hands. Is there a form of financing adapted to the needs of cattle - and pig - breeding, given the existence of specialized farms and the prospects for the future ? A few of the administrative and socio-economic aspects of such a form of financing are presented. What, in the end, conditions the methods of financing, is a politicol choice : that of the production system. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 102 Number: 350817 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350817 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350817/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_102_1_2239.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350817 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Author-Name: Madec, Anne Author-Name: Severac, Georges Author-Name: Terrasson, F. Title: L'aménagement du territoire rural : les enseignements d'un colloque Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 102 Number: 350818 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350818 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350818/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_102_1_2240.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350818 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 102 Number: 350819 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350819 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350819/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_102_1_2241.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350819 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Levy-Strauss, L. Author-Name: Mendras, Henri Title: Les études rurales en France Abstract: Rural studies in France - Rural sociology as an independent subject is of recent date and tends to be a field of investigation for all the social sciences' - the rural sociologists working side by side with historians, geograpers, etchnologists and demographers. Experience of societies very different from those in France enables us to realise that even in our own country there remain differences and particularities worth investigation. The present trend towards a 'return to nature' and the preoccupation with the environment, the revolutionary, role of the peasant populations of the third world, unrest in farming communities in the West, the failures of socialist agriculture... give rise to a renewed interest in the historical role of the peasants, a subject often neglected before the fifties. A brief outline of the most significant tendencies of the research carried out bey French rural sociologists shows the great diversity of their attitudes and methodology, reflecting both the fact that farming societies in France are very, diverse and that the social sciences in France are flourishing. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 103 Number: 350820 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350820 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350820/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2242.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350820 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Questions de l'économiste rural au sociologue Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 103 Number: 350821 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350821 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350821/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2243.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350821 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debatisse, Michel-Louis Title: Questions du syndicaliste au sociologue Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 103 Number: 350822 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350822 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350822/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2244.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350822 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tavernier, Yves Title: La recherche scientifique, le chercheur et l'homme d'action. Réponse à Michel Debatisse Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 103 Number: 350823 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350823 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350823/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2245.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350823 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Réponse à Yves Tavernier Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 103 Number: 350824 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350824 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350824/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2246.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350824 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lamarche, Hugues Title: Compte-rendu des discussions Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 103 Number: 350825 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350825 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350825/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2249.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350825 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mendras, Henri Title: Thèmes de discussion Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 103 Number: 350826 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350826 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350826/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2248.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350826 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cruiziat, M. Title: Compte-rendu des discussions Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 103 Number: 350827 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350827 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350827/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2251.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350827 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haumont, Antoine Title: Les relations entre ville et campagne : l'image de la campagne chez les citadins Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 103 Number: 350828 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350828 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350828/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2252.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350828 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Couffin, P. Author-Name: Boisseau, Pierre Title: Compte-rendu des discussions Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 103 Number: 350829 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350829 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350829/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2254.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350829 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boisseau, Pierre Title: Sociologie de la tache d'huile : innovations et rapports sociaux dans le processus de modernisation de l'agriculture française Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 103 Number: 350830 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350830 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350830/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2255.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350830 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madec, Anne Title: Thèmes proposés : la sociologie des organisations coopératives Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 103 Number: 350831 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350831 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350831/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2257.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350831 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bechet, Pierre Title: Compte-rendu des dicussions Abstract: 1" Jean-Pierre Prod'homme took as his starting point his expérience of a study group formed by fairmer leaders in one département'. His analysis shows that the farmers' organisations (les organisations professionnelles agricoles, OPA) fall between two stools - a farming world to which they no longer altogether beong and a society outside whose négociation techniques and language it borrows. Hence one may ask whether all-purpose OPAs can really take the pluralism of farming into account - whether this pluralism is due to economid interests or idéologies. He underlines the risk of deviation that these organisations run when they speak to farmers from outside. This risk is increased by the material and cultural gap between the leaders and the rank 2° and Médard file. Lebot then vigorously denounced the conflicts in the farmers' organisations between the 'machine' and the rank and file. At first these organisations were authentic voluntary groups where information circulated and where decisions were reached democratically. Then with the creation of the 'machine', with the arrival of the executives and technocrats, conflicts arise between the 'machine' that is now living an independent life, and the rank and file. At the same time conflitcts appear between the different groups and schools of thought and this marks the end of the leader fromed by union work and his replacement by a leader who is just one more notability. The debate concerns this gap between the rank and file and the organisation. The representatives of the OPA defend the united character of their organisations. They underline the deep-rooted desire for unity that overcomes the pluralism of interests and ideologies. Moreover the OPAs that claim to be all-round organisations are in fact made up of a number of satellite structures which enable this pluralism to be expressed. 3° Then the sociologists give their opinion. They underline the contradiction between the busy leaders accumulating responsibilities (chairmen, advisors, national representatives) and the incredible waste of their energy amid the 'machinery' where conflicts between individuals and conflicts between groups increase the possibility of deadlock. They give examples, of other societies showing the importance of open discussion in the démocratisation of information and decision-taking. They emphasise that the basic communities, beginning with the 'commune', should be given more importance. Finally the group showed interest in the realisation of monographies like that by J.-P. Prod'homme, which would enable methods of analysis to be perfected, techniques to be elaborated, and the machine to function properly. But it is clear that techniques alone would not make this possible if the farmers are not politically motivated to this end. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 103 Number: 350832 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350832 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350832/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2259.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350832 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prod'homme, Jean-Pierre Title: Les relations entre les organisations professionnelles et les agriculteurs Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 103 Number: 350833 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350833 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350833/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2260.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350833 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delaunoy, Ch. Title: Compte-rendu des discussions Abstract: M. Jollivet explains why he does not want a theoretical discussion of this topic. He proposes that each should approach it from his personal social experience. The group accepts this and a certain number of concrete cases are presented which are then analysed leading to a new formulation of the problem. ; In order to avoid empiricism and the diversity of particular situations, two things are necessary : an analysis of economic relations - both local and global - and an analysis of the strategy of the various groups - their ideology and their awareness of this strategy* Are there one-model societies, or societies without conflicts like some mountain communities ? These have some stratifications, some social strata building up class alliances. Moreover, even if this model existed, its merely being in a capitalist society situates it in a class relationship. Is the demographic criterion an argument for joining forces ? On the contrary the methods by which the farming population decreases expresses the class struggle for they lead to prolétarisation. Factors that tended to make those concerned less class-conscious, an important point in the analysis of the class struggle, tend to disappear. Individual relations tend to maintain individual situations in the social hierarchy and to reinforce the image of the indépendant small producer. But the introduction of capitalist production methods is putting an end to this image. The family too was an obstacle to class-consciousness. The role of head of the family coincided with that of head of the farm business. With the fragmentation of the farming family economic relations have become mere family relations and the head of the family a producer integrated in a political and economic context. In conclusion M. Jollivet proposes two attitudes : - Not to reason by analogy, nor copy the industrial framework. The farming world has its own characteristics. Not to adopt a rigid framework. One tends to think that economic oppositions make up the class struggle, but the class struggle follows the contradictions of capitalism. Social mechanisms work at the vulnerable points and lead to mechanisms of analysis. Each situation should be analysed with flexible concepts. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 103 Number: 350834 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350834 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350834/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2262.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350834 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jollivet, Marcel Title: La lutte des classes à la campagne Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 103 Number: 350835 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350835 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350835/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2263.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350835 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Riclet, M. Title: A propos de la conscience des paysans révolutionnaires Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 103 Number: 350836 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350836 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350836/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2264.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350836 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mengin, Jacqueline Title: Les attitudes religieuses des ruraux Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 103 Number: 350837 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350837 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350837/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2266.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350837 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rambaud, Patrick Title: Des initiatives de la société rurale : les coopératives de travail agraire Abstract: Four types of farm labour co-operatives are examined. They pool one or more means of production and are subject to rules set up by those belonging to them. Three out of four also have legal status. They are. a means if not an end of agricultural policy. Functioning on a voluntary basis, the farm-labour co-operatives are specific economic and social units. Their workers behave differently from individual farmers. In each co-operative, a policy-making body fixes their aims, controls their means and penalises failures. By giving them certain attributions, government departments, in addition to the initiatives taken by the farmers, give them certain aims which help to orientate agricultural policy. Whatever its form, the farm-labour co-operative is a sociological phenomenon. It helps to make a profession of farm labour, thus changing rural society. Will it be able to make possible the social progress of the greatest number? Keywords: Agribusiness, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 103 Number: 350838 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350838 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350838/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2267.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350838 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cépède, Michel Title: Conclusions et orientation Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 103 Number: 350839 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350839 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350839/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_2268.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350839 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serve, P. Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 103 Number: 350840 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350840 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350840/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_103_1_4268.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350840 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lenco, Michel Title: Une nouvelle classification des exploitations agricoles françaises Abstract: The study is the result of original work begun in 1969. The aim of this research was to classify farms according to their production system and not simply according only to the criterion of size, from the data usually provided by statistical studies of farm structure. This should lead to a better knowledge of the production conditions, a means of popularization in farm economics and a means of presenting statistical results, as well as a useful means of establishing forecasts. The technical problem posed by the working-out of a typology consisted in classifying the farm population into a limited number of groups in such a way that the production units in any one class should be homogeneous and that they should be totally different from those in the other classes. An analytic approach was adopted and this method was neutral and objective because factorial analysis was used. This method of multidimensional analysis classifies the data collected and enables one to discover and sum up logical structures without previously putting forward any hypotheses concerning the number of classes, or their limits and without giving more importance to some data than to others. The classification study required a considerable number of calculations to be made involving a great many variables within the limits of the Ministry of Agriculture's computer. Hence a representative sample of 6.000 farm units drawn from the E.E.C.'s farm-structure survey in 1967 (1/5 the total number) was analysed. The classification that resulted from this sample was tested and criticised, then extended to another sample of 20.000 farms from the same survey. Once the classification's stability was ascertained, a regional analysis and a more sophisticated statistical study of the various farm classes in the second sample were undertaken. This provided representative data on a regional basis. The study shows that, in spite of its complexity, the farm-unit group as a whole is fairly well structured. Farm labour is a simpler and hence more structured sub-group than that of stock or, above all, of crops. These two relatively independent classifications - that defined by the principal type of labour (linked to farm-size) and that defined by the type of crops or live stock were further investigated. Classification of farm-units in % according to the principal type of labour and the total amount of work I - Part-time family labour II - Full time family labour III - Full-time family and hired labour IV - Hired labour V - Part-time family and hired labour 64 25 3 7 1 Total 100 Classification of farm-units in % according to the principal types of crops and livestock : 1 - Grain crops 8.2 2 - Large-size grain-crop and industrial-crop farms. 1.3 3 - Maize 3.6 4 - Wine-growing 10.5 5 - Open-air vegetables 2.4 6 - Market gardening and grapes . 4.1 7 - Mixed farming (fodder and potatoes) 4.8 8 - Mixed stock-breeding 8.8 (meadows and cultivated grass) 9 - Stock-rearing in poor areas on heath-land and rye 3.6 10 - Dairy cattle 25.8 11 - Beef production . 12 - Cattle for breeding 13 - Sheep 14 - Pigs 15 - Poultry 6.4 9,2 3.9 4.5 2.9 Total 100.0 These fifteen types were selected, classified according crops or stock, for two reasons : in order to describe the fifteen classes statistically according to the various data collected in 1967 (gross income and total output - crops or stock) in order to check afterwards the regional distribution of the types of farm and the homogeneity of the different groups, and the behaviour of the different types. This classification will be of great interest if it remains stable and is used as a stratification criterion for the drawing of agricultural samples and as a framework for statistical analyses during the next five or ten years. It provides a means of comparing and completing data from various sources and of building matrices describing the evolution of farm-units and of input and output. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 104 Number: 350841 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350841 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350841/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_104_1_2302.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350841 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carles, Roland Title: Evolution des principaux systèmes de production agricole de 1967 à 1970 et disparités de revenus Abstract: The data provided by the general census of 1970 have been once more examined according to the classification system used by the E.E.C. accountancy system. The criterion of a nature of production of farm businesses » has been added to the usual criteria of region and area of farms. The comparison of these resuhs with those given by a special analysis of the 1967 E.E.C. study of the structure of farms, provides a means of analysing certain structural changes and changes in production between these two dates. This analysis shows up a tendancy towards a greater specialization of the production systems, towards general farming at the expense of combined crop-growing and stock breeding, with specialized cattlebreeding horticulture and viticulture accounting for about the same proportion. In general, combined types of farming (characterized by at least two principal activities) are considerably reduced in number, whereas pig and poultry breeding have known a spectacular increase. The reasons for these developments are being sought, in the light of the economic results measured since 1968 in the sample of farms used by the E.E.C. accountancy system. The generally accepted hypothesis to explain this is that the heads of farm businesses react according to their economic situation and that the great differences in income in French farming explain the lack of interest for certain forms of farming and the greater interest for certain others. This being so, quite apart from those fields where the farmer has no choice. There seems to be a quite definite link (in spite of the gaps in this sample and in spite of a certain inaccuracy in stratification) between the changes that have taken place and the 'eve/ of the gross income of the average farm during this period, in the different types of farm-businesses defined by their total area and their technico-economic specialization. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Productivity Analysis Volume: 104 Number: 350842 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350842 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350842/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_104_1_2303.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350842 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Author-Name: Broussolle, Claude Title: Typologie des adhérents d'une coopérative laitière Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 104 Number: 350843 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350843 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350843/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_104_1_2304.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350843 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Author-Name: Boinon, Jean-Pierre Title: Accroissement de la propriété paysanne et développement de l'exploitation moyenne Abstract: The peasant landownership has increased in the Châtillonnais for forty years. The peasants gained this landownership upon all kinds of non peasant landowners. The two main groups of non peasant ladowners. The two main groups of non peasant landowners are the foUowing : first darks and member of the working class who are the heirs of their family estates and sell during the all studied period. Owing to their large land purchases, the peasants gained the first place on the land market. The cost of this practice is very high. The middle sized farmers are the main purchasers. By this way they help on the poorer farmers disappearing and stop the development of large sized farmers who use wage-earning workers. But they get into debt and are in difficulties. In order to improve their position some farmers' unions ask for a land- ownership rights reform : they want a control on lease contracts, and a continity of the non peasant landownership under their own control on land using. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 104 Number: 350844 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350844 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350844/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_104_1_2305.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350844 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alix, Madeleine Title: Problèmes d'adaptation des jeunes rurales à la vie urbaine et à la modernité Abstract: The problems posed by the adaptation of girls from country areas to modern life in town - The writer, who runs a hostel for young working girls in Tours, has been struck by the lack of adaptation of girls from the country to town life. These girls, like so many others, could not find work at home and came to Tours to earn their living or to learn an urban occupation. A great many deeply regret the move, like this eighteen-year-old apprentice : « I stay in Tours because of my job ; but I don't like town life ». Or this twenty-four year-old hospital worker : « I'm in Tours because I couldn't find a job in Loches. But I would rather have worked in Loches. It's nearer home and it's a small town. You're not lost and it's less anonymous ». Yet the girls say they have adapted to town life. They have an inner security in their families and in their original environment, which later enables them to face the changes in their lives. « It is often in modern farms, among women who have gradually changed family life that one finds a modified idea of the children's future ». These are the children who have the most chance of adapting. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 104 Number: 350845 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350845 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350845/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_104_1_2306.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350845 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aubry, Marie-Louise Author-Name: Guellec, Agnès Title: La commercialisation des porcs en Bretagne : l'exemple de la région de Lamballe Abstract: The marketing of pigs in Brittany : the exemple of Lamballe - As is well-known, stock-breeding has increased in the four « départements » of Brittany and this has forced farmers' associations in this region to improve the organization of the sale of their products. For pork there are two types of « marché au cadran ». The earliest type - « Guerlesquin » - based in the same principles as that in Saint-Pol-de-Léon for vegetables, facilitates a quicker sale at a public price. But this has the usual disadvantages of individual saJes to anyone. The second type : Lamballe. To encourage the production of good quality and to make the transactions more moral, Lamballe through the C.O.P.E.R.L. has the slaughtering yards checked by « classeurspeseurs ». These two types of market, one traditional and unrestrictive, the other more strictly controlled are adapted to the requirements of the breeders who want to be competitive and undertake group action in order to control the market. This, in return, implies greater care of the stock and improved management. Keywords: Marketing, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 104 Number: 350846 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350846 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350846/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_104_1_2307.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350846 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lee, Ch.-S. Author-Name: Bublot, G. Author-Name: Degand, J. Title: Analyse des facteurs influençant les emblavements de céréales dans les régions de la Communauté Economique Européenne Abstract: The factors responsible of the variation of the relative average devoted to the cereals in the regions of the European Economic Community - This paper summarizes the results of a research whih aim to identify the factors responsible of the variation of the relative average devoted to the cereals in the regions of the European Economic Community. The three factors hereafter explain the greatest part of this variation : 1 - the ration of the arable land to the agricultural land ; 2 - the farm size ; 3 - the yield of the cereal compared to the competitive activities. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 104 Number: 350847 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350847 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350847/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_104_1_2308.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350847 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 104 Number: 350848 Year: 1974 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350848 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350848/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1974_num_104_1_2309.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350848 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Claude Title: Quinze ans d'évolution des populations rurales françaises Abstract: The evolution over fifteen years of the French rural population - The decrease in the active farming population that has been the subject of much analysis can be reinserted in a vaster whole - that of country planning and. land use. A distinction must be made between farmers leaving the land and the population deserting the countryside, but the disappearance of a great many farmers often renders unprofitable many activities such as the service attracted by the existence of a population and by farming itself. When these changes in occupation lead to geographical modifications the areas concerned are caught up in a process of desertification. The only way to see that the country-side is sufficiently populated is to develop new activities there. The evolution of the whole rural population, the composition of the active population and its modifications between 1954 and the last census in 1968 are examined. From this study the fact emerges that the rapid decrease in the farming population over the fifteen years under consideration has not given rise to a comparable decrease in the rural population. The rate of decrease of the total population was 8 or 9 times less than that of farming households. With respect to the employment pattern, farmers are still the biggest group, but ceased to be the absolute majority in 1962. The non-agricultural occupations of the inhabitants of country " communes " are those that are non likely to expand (the building trade, civil engineering, agricultural industries, textiles, small trade), hence the continued existence of the rural population cannot necessarily the counted on. Only a determined policy to provide employment in the country-side can modify these tendencies. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 105 Number: 350849 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350849 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350849/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2310.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350849 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Krier, Henri Title: L'avenir de la population agricole dans l'Ouest de la France en mutation Abstract: Future of farming population in Western France. - The change undergone by the Western part of France since 1960 is characterized both by agricultural progress (increase in (productivity, income 'and farm-size) and by industrialization. For the future it is foreseeable that the rate of decrease in agricultural population in the west will tend to slow down. The economic optimum would require intensive animal production being located in these regions 'and justifies a greater number of farmers than elsewhere remaining there. This is possible if more young farmers settle there encouraged by the greater number of farm-units available, by greater consideration for agricultural activity and by the fact that fewer women have left the area than elsewhere. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 105 Number: 350850 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350850 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350850/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2311.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350850 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chantry, E. Title: Rapport de synthèse Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 105 Number: 350851 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350851 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350851/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2313.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350851 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Campi, Christina Author-Name: Greiner, Pierre Title: Population active agricole des recensements de la population et population active des enquêtes agricoles Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 105 Number: 350852 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350852 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350852/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2314.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350852 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Honoré, Georges Title: Le problème de la mesure du temps de travail dans les exploitations agricoles et le concept de personne-année-travail (PAT) Keywords: Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350853 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350853 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350853/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2315.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350853 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hossenlopp, Joseph Title: Population active agricole et limites du secteur agricole Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350854 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350854 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350854/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2316.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350854 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rattin, Solange Title: Projections de population active agricole faites au SCEES Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 105 Number: 350855 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350855 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350855/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2317.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350855 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cicurel, Michel Title: Evolution et prévisions de la population active agricole des six pays du Marché Commun Keywords: International Development Volume: 105 Number: 350856 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350856 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350856/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2318.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350856 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruch, Jean-Marie Title: La population active agricole d'après le modèle SIMAGRI Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 105 Number: 350857 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350857 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350857/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2319.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350857 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Solignac-Lecomte, François Title: Projections des exploitations agricoles en Normandie Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 105 Number: 350858 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350858 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350858/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2320.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350858 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Françoise Title: Population active agricole et population agricole (d'après les seuls recensements de la population) Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 105 Number: 350859 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350859 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350859/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2321.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350859 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vansam, M. Title: Les statistiques de la mutualité sociale agricole Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 105 Number: 350860 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350860 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350860/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2322.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350860 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: Rapport de synthèse Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350861 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350861 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350861/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2324.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350861 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bune, F. Author-Name: Ledru, M. Title: Les conditions économiques et sociales du travail agricole Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350862 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350862 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350862/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2326.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350862 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ledru, M. Title: Les conventions collectives des travailleurs agricoles, bilan, évolution, avenir Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350863 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350863 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350863/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2327.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350863 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caron, M. Title: Les règlements des conflits entre employeurs et salariés Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350864 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350864 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350864/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2328.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350864 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pradaud, M. Title: La formation et le perfectionnement des salariés agricoles Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350865 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350865 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350865/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2329.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350865 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Langlois-Bourquelot, Françoise Title: La situation des salariés dans les exploitations du bassin parisien et de l'Ouest Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350866 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350866 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350866/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2330.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350866 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Author-Name: Blanc, Michel Author-Name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe Title: Les conditions du travail agricole et la substitution familiaux-salariés Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350867 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350867 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350867/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2331.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350867 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moisan, H. Title: L'espace de vie des agricultrices Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350868 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350868 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350868/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2332.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350868 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bune, F. Title: Les salariés agricoles étrangers Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350869 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350869 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350869/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2333.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350869 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Title: Rapport de synthèse Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350870 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350870 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350870/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2335.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350870 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Title: Vers un tarissement de la population agricole ? Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 105 Number: 350871 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350871 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350871/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2336.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350871 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbichon, Guy Author-Name: Delbos, Geneviève Title: Etude du devenir socio-professionnel des mutants agricoles en interaction avec leur communauté rurale d'origine Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 105 Number: 350872 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350872 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350872/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2337.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350872 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tennevet, J.-L. Title: Les entrées nouvelles dans la profession agricole, dans le département de la Manche Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 105 Number: 350873 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350873 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350873/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2338.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350873 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brisson, Annie Title: Bilan d'une politique de population agricole Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 105 Number: 350874 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350874 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350874/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2340.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350874 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rambeaud, G. Title: Essai d'évaluation de l'aide aux mutations professionnelles Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 105 Number: 350875 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350875 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350875/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2341.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350875 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brisson, Annie Title: Essai de bilan de l'IVD Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 105 Number: 350876 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350876 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350876/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2342.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350876 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valarché, Jean Title: La Suisse a-t-elle une politique de la population agricole ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 105 Number: 350877 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350877 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350877/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2343.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350877 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cotton, Guy Title: Rapport sur l'urgence et les écueils d'une politique d'installation Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 105 Number: 350878 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350878 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350878/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2344.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350878 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boisseau, Pierre Title: Cycle foncier et installation des jeunes agriculteurs Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 105 Number: 350879 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350879 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350879/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2345.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350879 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raidl, H. Author-Name: Debois, J.-M. Title: La politique de la population agricole : les expériences dans les autres pays développés Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development Volume: 105 Number: 350880 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350880 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350880/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2346.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350880 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Title: Population agricole et rurale dans un espace rural en transformation Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 105 Number: 350881 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350881 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350881/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_105_1_2348.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350881 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Godron, E. Title: Importance de la main-d'œuvre dans les exploitations agricoles Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 106 Number: 350882 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350882 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350882/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2350.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350882 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Godron, E. Title: Quels sont les jours disponibles pour les travaux des champs ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 106 Number: 350883 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350883 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350883/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2351.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350883 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Al Hamchari, Marie-Claude Author-Name: Desbrosses, Bernard Author-Name: Mamoun, M. Title: Evaluation des jours disponibles à partir des statistiques météorologiques : un exemple dans le département de l'Aube Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 106 Number: 350884 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350884 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350884/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2352.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350884 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Attonaty, M. Title: Le programme Sabricol : calcul automatisé du calendrier d'emploi de la main-d'œuvre et du matériel Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 106 Number: 350885 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350885 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350885/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2353.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350885 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cismigiu-Raflegeau, I. Title: L'équipement en machines et installations des exploitations françaises en 1967 Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 106 Number: 350886 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350886 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350886/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2354.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350886 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gaide, M. Title: Travail et risques professionnels en agriculture Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Risk and Uncertainty Volume: 106 Number: 350887 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350887 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350887/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2355.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350887 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Author-Name: Al Hamchari, Marie-Claude Title: L'inégale répartition de la terre et des moyens de travail entre les agriculteurs, cause économique fondamentale de l'inégalité de leurs revenus Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 106 Number: 350888 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350888 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350888/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2356.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350888 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthes, A. Title: La décision dans le village : l'exemple du remembrement Abstract: Decision-making in the village - the example of land-regrouping - How are decisions made in a village ? With reference to what ? and in what system of social relationships ? In view of the complexity of such an analysis it is often critical situations that are studied. Such « accidents » underline relationships and enable some aspects of the way society functions to be more easily identified. The regrouping of land, because of the different operations it involves the grouping of plots together with the exchange of plots and a modification of the road network. Instead of seeing land as a means of production, the farmers attach other forms of significance to it, which includes land as a factor of social status, the basis of the struggle for land tenure, the expression of their professional siatus as farmers. Thus land seen merely as a means of production, makes farm exchanges possible, but not without giving rise to resistance on the part of the farmers, for, for them, such an operation assumes they are able to exchange their experiences and social status. In a « commune » in the Rhone valley we have studied the way in which the land regrouping decision fitted into the existing social relationships, how the various groups, in particular the Council, and the Farmers' Union, reinterpreted it in terms of the balance of power in the « commune ». Finally, if such an operation fits into the existing pattern of viUage rivalries, it also modifies social relationships. In the case we studied power in the village, until then based on birth and wealth, gradually passed into the hands of those with technical competence - a new sign of social prestige. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 106 Number: 350889 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350889 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350889/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2357.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350889 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pelatan, Jean Title: Le Perche : une, ou plusieurs régions agricoles ? Une expérience de traitement de l'information sur ensemble matriciel Abstract: This study searches how a visual representation of the agricultural regions in the Perche (Lower Normandy) can be given by a graphic data-processing, in operation for several years (J. Bertin's system). - The simplification and mapping of the optimized matrix lead to settle several homogeneous agricultural areas. At the same time, a number of factors connected with human decisions have been individualized. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 106 Number: 350890 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350890 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350890/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2358.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350890 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Evolution de l'agriculture et caractère familial des exploitations agricoles Abstract: The evolution of the agricultural sector and the « family » character of farms - The evolution of the agricultural sector has been concommittant with an accentuation of the « family » character of farms. An explanation of this phenomenon is suggested, it is based on assumptions concerning the internal mechanisms of family farms adapting to pressures resulting from general economic development. The mistake made by late 19th century economists both Marxist and liberal - predicting the inescapable superiority of capitalist farm is mainly due to their neglect of the difficulties to daily control the decisions taken to organize agricultural production. A true test of these assumptions will be whether or not the predictions which they permit are realized or not. It is predicted that this structural transformation could be changed by three factors : a radical reorientation of economic development, a spectacular and unforeseen - consequently unlikely - scientific progress in the biological disciplines of agricultural research, a disparition of the supply of young people desiring to become farmers. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 106 Number: 350891 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350891 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350891/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2359.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350891 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie analytique Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 106 Number: 350892 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350892 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350892/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_106_1_2360.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350892 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Spindler, F. Title: La place des produits animaux dans la production agricole française Abstract: Animal products in French agricultural production - The importance of animal products in French agricultural production has declined over the last ten years, after increasing steadily since the end of the nineteenth century. In comparison with crops cultivated on a large scale and intended for direct sale, animal products have not the same productivity and marketing possibilities and do not bring the same income. In this respect, French agriculture is in an exceptional position when compared with the other E.E.C. members. If the prevailing conditions are maintained, animal products are likely to be increasingly limited to regions with no other possibilities, in particular in grass-growing areas. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 107 Number: 350893 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350893 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350893/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_107_1_2361.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350893 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Author-Name: Vonthron, J. Author-Name: Palau, M.H. Author-Name: Dutromp, G. Author-Name: Laffont, F. Author-Name: Lequesne, B. Title: Les éleveurs de bovins et la politique de l'élevage Abstract: Cattle-breeders and cattle-breeding policy Results of an opinion poll on state aids - The many forms of aid to cattle-breeding granted over the past ten years seem incoherent to most of the farmers questioned in March 1974 during an opinion poll carried out on 1600 beef producers in 8 regions. More than half the funds granted by the Minister of Agriculture for meat production went towards the modernisation of farms (loans and subsidies for farm buildings) whereas the commercial organization of producers was reinforced only from 1973 onwards. The present crisis in the meat market ask us several questions : will Europe and France be exporters in the future ? How can a balance be reached between national needs and our presence on world markets ? To justify a policy of intensification and of investment in farm businesses the latter must be sure of selling. Should it be made comparisons for state and to be granted only to production groups to encourage breeders to join this system as the state and farmer's organization demand ? A great many breeders particularly those who practise a policy of growth by extension with autonomous and not very hazardous production systems oppose this generalized view of organisation. Similarly many consider the present aid unjust, especially as they favour large scale farms (subsidies are proportional to the number of cattle). However even those who do not belong to production groups think that this system can give the breeders more security... There is mass demand for a state organization of the market, like the « Office des céréales ». The additional importance given to the ONIBEV is appreciated. Present aid to caWe-breeding has been selective as in the end it seems to have been a policy of «r the state helps those who help themselves ». 60 % of the farmers increased the area of their farms on their made use of the breeding-building aid. A minority (15 %) have not tried to take advantage of it. The means at their disposal are sufficient. Finally a quarter (24 %) are too poor to be able to get off the ground by means of State aid. In the future, the aims of the breeding policy should be better defined and it should be more efficient to enable those who are able to change and improve their methods. It should also be less injust and enable the inequalities that, at present, inevitably increase with growth, to be corrected. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 107 Number: 350894 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350894 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350894/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_107_1_2362.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350894 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barberis, Corrado Title: Pour une stratification de l'agriculture italienne Abstract: Stratification of Italian Agriculture - Starting from a statistical analysis by Vincenzo Siesto, the lstituto Nazionale di Sociologia Rurale (INSOR) has estimated that, when the analysis is carried out on the regional level, the gross production of Italian agriculture for 1970-71, was distributed as follows : 1- 71 % in tenant or owner occupied farms, the farmer carrying out manual tasks, 2- 9,7 % in other family type farms, and share-croppers, 3- 19,3 % in capitalist-type farms run by a manager or by a single part-time, or full time business man in each case engaged in the intellectual tasks of management. A later study of the distribution of gross production gave the following results : -50 % came from 10 % of the farms (360.000 out of 3.600.000), - 30 % came from 35 % of the farms usually run by professional farmers without successors, - 20 % from 55 % in the worker-farmer (part-time) category where the family is almost exclusively engaged in activities outside agriculture. One need only compare these two series of results to realize that agricultural production nowadays comes mainly from the « family » sector which makes up the great majority of large-size farms. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 107 Number: 350895 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350895 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350895/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_107_1_2363.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350895 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 107 Number: 350896 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350896 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350896/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_107_1_2364.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350896 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cotton, Guy Title: Analyse critique des lois d'orientation Abstract: A critical analysis of the 1960 and 1962 Agriculture Acts - The 1960 and 1962 Agriculture Acts did at least define a global agricultural policy, but were not thorough-going enough. The Government at the time, by choosing the family-type farm, intended to promote a policy of employment in agriculture, but the means of implementing this policy (SAFER, the refusal to allow one farmer to acquire more than a stipulated acrage, IVD) were inadequate. The principle of selectivity on which the acts were based was a foretaste of the new orientations of the European social structure policy (development plans) and regional selectivity, that at first seemed incoherent, heralded the various forms of aid to rural modernisation and to mountain areas. At the time the real extent of the problems posed by non-agricultural country planning had not been realized. Similarly the too analytical conception of agricultural policy and its implementation was an obstacle to its efficiency, in spite of later attempts to make this policy more global. Finally the Agriculture Acts have proved to be inadequate as far as land policy in concerned since the problem of financing land purchase has been evaded. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 108 Number: 350897 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350897 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350897/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2365.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350897 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rajaud, B. Title: La portée réelle de la politique des structures suivie de 1960 à 1974 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 108 Number: 350898 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350898 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350898/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2367.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350898 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Wilde, Robert Title: Le pouvoir économique des agriculteurs et la politique d'organisation des marchés Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 108 Number: 350899 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350899 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350899/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2368.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350899 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Les revenus et conditions de vie des agriculteurs Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 108 Number: 350900 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350900 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350900/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2369.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350900 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bechet, Pierre Title: L'évolution des moyens de la politique agricole face aux objectifs assignés Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 108 Number: 350901 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350901 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350901/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2370.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350901 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buchou, H. Title: Les jeunes agriculteurs des années 1960 et les lois d'orientation et complémentaire Abstract: Young farmers in the 60's and the Agriculture Acts - During the 1950's a new generation of young farmers was active in attempting to «r build a more human world ». They accepted the idea of the necessary and inevitable decrease in the number of farmers, but they wanted farmers to be in control of the land and of their production, and to have responsibilities, for they were above all afraid of being wage-earners. Their desire was to have a hand in political decisions, and when taking part in union activities, they would have liked industrial trades unionists to follow a similar path but industrial trades unionism always refused workers' participation in economic policy-making. By a lucky chance, there was on the one hand a young farmers movement that had a new idea of economic policy and on the other, from 1958, a new political team in power, anxious to see farming brought up to date. This led to the Agriculture Acts. But these acts are also marked by other schools of thought and other professional organizations. Consequently the texts disappointed the young farmers' hopes particularly as far as land tenure was concerned. Subsequently many other clauses in the act were not applied or were gradually modified both concerning land tenure and the disposal of production. In the end it is probably the IVD that has had the greatest effect. Those who were young farmers at the time feel they have served the public interest by enabling France to become a great industrial country as well as a great agricultural country. But, for their humanistic conception of labour to be adopted not onTy in the farming community but also in non-agricultural activities - to give them peace of mind a political evolution that the balance of power in our society has prevented would have been necessary. The political parties were too old fashioned. Only the founder of the Fifth Republic facilitated the integration of the rural world in political and economic life. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 108 Number: 350902 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350902 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350902/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2371.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350902 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: L'instabilité imprévisible ou les nouvelles conditions d'une politique agricole Abstract: Unpredictable instability or the conditions for an agricultural policy - In farming, as in all other fields, forecasts are often proved wrong and important events are often unforeseen. This is not very surprising if one thinks that even the present itself is not very weU known. Inaccurate and all-embracing statistics do not enable present reality to be analysed deeply enough. And that is only one of the many reasons for the difficulties involved in exploring the future. But with a little thought, one is tempted to say that the unforeseeable does not exist. Although no-one can say with certainty what is going to happen, a complete analysis, taking the different elements of problems into account, should enable the event that takes everyone by surprise (eg. Soviet purchase of wheat in 1972) to be considered as a possibility. Even if the exploration of «r possible futures » has not the same value as a « forecast », it can be very useful. Whatever the methods used, the main thing is to set up teams that are not only interdepartmental but that are composed of all the schools of thought in each field. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 108 Number: 350903 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350903 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350903/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2372.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350903 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Uri, Pierre Title: Les nouvelles conditions d'une politique agricole : quelques brèves remarques Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 108 Number: 350904 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350904 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350904/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2373.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350904 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neville-Rolfe, Edmund Title: Les nouvelles conditions d'une politique agricole : commentaires Abstract: International commodity agreements on a number of principal products ? - It is true that economists could have displayed more foresight in recent years. From the point of view of the individual farmer, however, total predictability - such as complete market transparency for instance - would not be entirely desirable. Nevertheless farmers do demand from an agricultural policy that it should ensure them minimum prices for their main products which will provide at least a basis for their forward budgeting. This absence of minimum price guaranteed to the farmer himself is an aspect of the EEC's common policy for beef which is particularly open to criticism. Unfortunately it is evident that, generally speaking, decisions taken within the framework of the CAP are not always the consequence of forethought on the part of the Commission or even of national ministries, but depend rather on political compromises arrived at within the Council of Ministers. As far as the future is concerned, international commodity agreements on a number of principal products constitute a possible means whereby the effects of unpredictability can be somewhat mitigated. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 108 Number: 350905 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350905 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350905/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2374.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350905 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lauga, L. Title: Les nouvelles aspirations et propositions des jeunes agriculteurs Abstract: Young farmers' new aspirations and proposals - The young farmers of 1960 were the pioneers of a renewal of agricultural policy. Those of today would like to correct it and adapt it according to their present needs. A study carried out in 1972 shows that, like their elders, they are still in favour of the family farm, but that they want to be considered exactly like the young people in other walks of life. Their principal causes for concern are the insecurity of their income and the lack of land available for young farmers. Today the CNJA proposes that the poUcy of aid for starting new farm businesses should be stepped up : the present grant to be doubled and the status of associate to be introduced to facilitate the transition, control of the evolution of land tenure, the reduction of land costs by generalizing the system of joint ownership of land and the organization of agricultural markets to be introduced. All this can only be done within the framework of the EEC which is favourable to the development of French farming. It will be the second phase of the « green revolution » that Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 108 Number: 350906 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350906 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350906/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2375.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350906 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barberis, Corrado Title: Les caractères originaux de la politique agricole française face aux politiques européennes Abstract: The originality of French Agricultural policy - A renewed value attached to farming in economic policy and a greater value attached to human labour in farming could be said to constitue the originality of French policy. Thanks to this policy Europe has discovered there is wastage not only when the EEC has to dispose of surpasses liable to rot in warehouses, but also when a farmer, discouraged at not being able to stock his harvest or at not being able to afford to send his child to school, leaves the land. This is an essential lesson at a time when the terms of exchange between farming and industry may well not be as favourable for the latter as they have been in the past. This anti-Malthusian attitude has ensured the success of the IVD policy, which in France is regarded as a means of bringing the farm up to date and of increasing production. If the French have made a success of IVD by applying it so widely it is because they felt they were participating in promoting the integration of young people. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 108 Number: 350907 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350907 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350907/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2376.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350907 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 108 Number: 350908 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350908 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350908/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2377.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350908 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masson, Philippe Title: Le rôle des prix agricoles dans l'évolution des prix de détail Abstract: Part played by farm prices in the rise of retail prices - This article examines the role of farm prices in the development of retail prices. As the link between the two is foodstuffs, we outline the analyses already carried out showing that food prices had a certain responsibility for the use in retail prices during the inflationary periods 1954-1958, 1961-1963, 1969-1973. In order to analyse the link between farm prices and food prices we shall determine the margin due to processing, marketing and taxation between the basic farm product and the foodstuff. The global margin on farm produce as a whole is 50 % increasing slightly over a long period. Over a period of 5 to 10 years the rate of margin on many farm products - wine, milk, meat, grain crops - remains practically the same. The rate of increase in basic prices is entirely passed on to the consumer. Once the margins were known, we were able to determine what proportion of retail price increases was due to farm prices at production level. This proportion increased during the inflationary period 1970-1972. The situation varies according to the product: wheat and sugar beet have little influence on price increases. It is mainly meat and milk that are important. Farm price maintenance is therefore not a cause of inflation for wheat and sugar, but it is for milk. This process is linked to that of structural inflation. Meat is responsible for price increases because of an imbalance between supply and demand. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 109 Number: 350909 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350909 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350909/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_109_1_2378.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350909 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Title: La production porcine en Bretagne et la crise actuelle .. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis Volume: 109 Number: 350910 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350910 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350910/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_109_1_2379.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350910 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, Henri de Title: Le « droit à l'espace» Abstract: The right to open country- The writer examines the problem of land tenure in the countryside. Land which used to be merely a production factor for the farmer has become the basis of other activities implanted in the countryside. This gives rise to conflicts over the purchase and use of land. In France the authorities have tried to solve the problem. Interesting experiments on a local level have been undertaken to try to make use of these possibilities, but their influence is limited. Consequently a more advanced policy is needed in this respect. But the failure of previous policies shows up the obstacles which must be overcome and the need for another strategy that would lead to the rethinking of the general attitude towards property of whatever kind. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 109 Number: 350911 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350911 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350911/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_109_1_2380.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350911 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harrison, Alan Title: Agriculture et imposition des patrimoines en Grande-Bretagne Abstract: Over the last half century owner-occupiers have increased from around 10 % to over 50 % of farmers. During much the greater part of this revolution in land tenure land prices have remained relatively low and farmers' traditional sources of finance - family savings and private borrowings, the Banks and trade credit - have proved adequate for their needs. More recently, land prices have risen steeply and farmer-owners and landlords have enjoyed massive capital gains. Traditionally capital taxation in Britain has not been heavy and farmers have enjoyed generous concessions; new legislation will alter this situation radically however and farmers are looking to business organisation and financial changes based increasingly on the separation of ownership and use of land to increase liquidity and maintain business continuity. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 109 Number: 350912 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350912 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350912/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_109_1_2381.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350912 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Folley, R. R. W. Title: L'aide mutuelle entre arboriculteurs. Esquisse d'un nouveau plan d'amélioration des revenus des producteurs Abstract: Horticultural producers value their independence but nevertheless become dependent upon Government because they are not able to manage their own affairs. A scheme is outlined whereby fruitgrowers in the EEC-of-Six could help themselves out of theid present low-income situation with very little Governement intervention. The scheme could also be largely administered by the fruitgrowing industry. Noting the alternation of higher and lower yields in successive years, resulting in unprofitable and profitable crops respectively, it is suggested that producers pay a levy out of profits in the profitable years into a compensation fund. It is proposed that three payments within a period of five years would raise enough money to buy out a small percentage of producers who were willing to leave. The mechanics of the scheme and some approximate rates of contribution and of benefit are outlined. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 109 Number: 350913 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350913 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350913/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_109_1_2382.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350913 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 109 Number: 350914 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350914 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350914/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_109_1_2383.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350914 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mollard, Amédée Author-Name: Mounier, Alain Title: La politique de l'Etat et l'évolution de l'agriculture française : éléments d'interprétation économique Abstract: The evolution of agriculture in capitalist social formations (and particularly the French one) is a result of its function : to supply overwork - a peasant surplus - for capitalist industrial and financial interests. This contribution by agriculture to a rapid accumulation of capital in different branches of the economy provokes a reallocation of the productive agricultural forces in other economic activities : This process is that of the regression of agriculture. State policy, with its various aspects, contributes to creating an increasing peasant surplus which firstly benefits the food and agricultural industries, through the agricultural products markets. Wishing to give them an important role in the agriculture evolution, the public authorities have progressively given more aid to the food sector, expecting to limit the volume of aid given to agriculture itself. Internationalisation of food industry leads gradually to that of the whole food and agricultural complex, and makes the regression process of agriculture function to a higher stage. The State can no longer oppose this evolution, because, even by delegating some of its prerogatives at the european level the means to regulate the evolution of the food and agricultural complex escape it. Responsible, because of its function, for looking after the coherence of the social formation, it is forced to take over the increasing social costs of the regression of agriculture : as it is unable to break the rhythm of the process, it cannot reduce the social expenses. In these circumstances, the future of agriculture will continue to be controlled by a process of strong regression. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 110 Number: 350915 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350915 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350915/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_110_1_2384.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350915 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bel, F. Title: Les relations agriculture-écologie : une remodélisation des évolutions en Lozère Abstract: Many attempts are at present being made to define the relationship between the development of economic activity and ecological evolution. Our approach is based on a comparison between the development of agriculture and of the ecosystems it creates or comes into contact with, for farming is an activity which has a particularly obvious and «r reliberate » effect on ecological cycles. The development of farming techniques in the present social framework leads to a modification of the way in which farming organises ecosystems. Two very clear aspects of this state of affairs are, for example, the intensification of farming in suburban areas and its gradual disappearance in areas where farming is difficult, especially hill-farming. Our research concerns this last category in Lozère. Our method consists in considering the development of farming in Lozère compared with its development in France in general. After considering the decline in the number of farms and the modification in their structure, their relations with ecology are studied especially with regard to the surface they occupy. Consequently the conflict ecology-economy is seen in this study as a concrete phenomenon, including both the logic of the reproduction of ecosystems and that of the decline of farming. In order to give as clear a context as possible to this confrontation we have used a model in which some variables are influenced mainly by economic development and others by the logic of ecological development. The building of a model enables several different agricultural policies to be simulated, modifying the rate or direction of the development of French farming. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 110 Number: 350916 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350916 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350916/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_110_1_2385.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350916 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mazenc, Lucien Title: Analyse et appropriation des marges commerciales dans la filière de la viande Abstract: At the butcher's the price of meat is constantly rising. The consumer's verdict is immediate and irrevocable - the shopkeepers are to blame ! But is the profit levied by middle-men excessive ? Do these profit margins vary and, if so, how ? In fact the middle-men act as a « buffer » between the producer and the consumer and their gross margin acts as a regulator. Thus, when, with the seasons, the butcher's margin increases, the slaughterer's decreases and vice versa, and when there is a considerable margin on fully-grown cattle, there is a small one on veal. The logical consequence of this opposition is that the margin rate levied is on the whole relatively constant, varying between 25 % and 30 % (before tax) of the price paid by the consumer. The same is true in Western Germany and Italy. Should this be a source of satisfaction or of disquiet ? Whatever one's opinion, a clarification of the market and a revaluation of the income of stock-breeders depends more on an interprofessional organisation that would lessen the variations in these margins than on their being recouped by the breeders, which in our opinion is an illusion. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 110 Number: 350917 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350917 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350917/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_110_1_2386.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350917 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caron, J. Title: Mode de vie du Roumois : l'agriculture à temps partiel bénéficiaire du développement de l'agglomération rouennaise Abstract: Part-time farming, that some people are unaware of and that others think will disappear quickly, is still largely to be found in country districts, but part-time farming studied in the country planning project for the Roumois - an agricultural area close to the industrial districts of Rouen, where the population is increasing rapidly - appears as a way of life with its own inner dynamism. It is not declining as quickly as the number of farm units, and involves several social classes. There are fears of its being impossible to preserve the rural landscape typical of this area - open fields alternating with cultivated fields and meadows surrounded by hedges - and part-time farming is an essential element in the preservation of this environment. It prevents the open spaces between built-up areas being left to grow wild and enables the villages to preserve their indigenous population ; this in turn ensures that newcomers on the new housing estates wilt be. Keywords: Farm Management, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 110 Number: 350918 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350918 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350918/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_110_1_2387.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350918 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Derieux, Françoise Title: Les épouses d'agriculteurs exerçant une activité professionnelle non-agricole Abstract: There are still few farmers' wives with nonagricultural occupations but their case was the subject of a preliminary survey carried out in 1974 to see what these women's aspirations were and what had led them to work outside the farm. Economic progress has led these farmer's wives to feel much less indispensible on the farm. They want employment where they feel more responsible, more in touch with the the outside world, more independent (of their husbands, their budget, with their free time). Why must these women, who feel part of the farming world as a whole, leave the farm they live on to realise their potentialities, thus finding an individual solution to a problem they consider general ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 110 Number: 350919 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350919 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350919/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_110_1_2388.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350919 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 110 Number: 350920 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350920 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350920/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_110_1_2389.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350920 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Title: Les nouvelles expériences du monde socialiste ou les raisons d'un colloque sur « Agriculture et développement socialiste » Abstract: At the invitation of Prof. W. Schmidt of the well-known Humbolt University in East Berlin, a delegation of rural economists from the SFER visited the GDR in October 1974. Thorough visits of the agri-business combinats in the province of Rostock enabled them to understand the the problems and to see the changes under way in farming in the socialist countries. A delegation of colleagues from the GDR later visited France at our invitation and these different socialist experiences (Germany, Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, Jugoslavia) were compared at a symposium organized by the SFER in Montpellier from 24-26 September, 1975. It is with pleasure that Economie Rurale in nos. 111 and 112 reviews the discussions which took place at the Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen, whose Director is our President, L. Malassis. We would like to thank our foreign colleagues for their active and constructive participation, Profs. Schmidt and Rohde from Berlin, Prof. K. Bajan from Warsaw, Prof. Florea from Bucarest, Prof. Guorguiev and Mrs Koleva from Sofia and Prof. Radovic from Belgrade, and our French colleagues who are specialists in these problems. A few remarks will show that it is time we abandoned our old preconceptions to see what is really at stake in the experiments and realizations being carried out in these countries. The organization models in the agri-business sector as they exist today, seem much more diversified than Western economist usually think. These differences are not explained only by geographical conditions but above all by changes in the ideology behind the models of collectivization. The technical and productivist attitude adopted until today to lay the foundations of industry in the service of the people, required that agriculture should be a source of accumulation for the rest of society. Farming had to be mechanized to release labour for the towns, to drain off the surplus value for industry, to feed citydwellers cheaply and to ensure food supplies for the towns. Since 1960, a great variety of models have been developed, ranging from complexes of unprecedented size, like those in the GDR, Rumania, Bulgaria, Jugoslavia, to ingenious forms of peasant cooperatives (Poland). The processes of vertical and horizontal integration, the high degree of specialization, the extreme concentration of the production units (models of dairy stables of 4000 cows !) which not only are in harmony with new socialist conceptions of society but also modify the fundamental terms of the relationship between farming and the rest of society. These changes pose formidable problems ; the industrialized processes thus set up, considerably increase the vulnerability of these agri-business systems, which are a totally new departure from the old form of semi-autarchic peasant economy, and are becoming dependent on foreign trade and thus suffering the full effects of the recession in capitalist countries. The Soviet choice of a stock-breeding model based on cereals and soja, like the American model, underlines these constraints and becomes a factor of change. The agri-business sector is no longer a source of accumulation. Its growth is increasingly « subsidized » by the rest of the nation. The high capital cost of the industrial-type units, Stade aid for investment, credit based on urban savings, a reduction in the difference between farm purchase price and retail price — all these factors contribute to a complete reversal of the situation. This is probably the price the socialist societies will have to pay to ensure equality of income and living conditions between workers in town and country. The Jugoslavian experience of « self -management » in its vast combinats opens new perspectives for decision techniques in centralized socialist economies. This involves the question of the control and sharing of the surplus value. Real decision-making power is thus obtained by the workers who decide democratically with the bureaucratic technistructure how the « profits » should be shared between investment and immediate consumption. This reconsideration of the division of labour between the sectors leads to the setting-up of complex firms, difficult to manage well. The problem of the quality of the managers is now posed. The days of specialized brigade leaders and «commanders of production», unaware of human problems, are over. These complex firms need the individual's full agreement with group decisions and the group's openness to the creative aspirations and genuis of individuals. As one observes all these developments one cannot help asking whether the socialist world of tomorrow will still be built with « peasants » or not, in other words, with people who over the centuries have been the great country- planners, the creators of our familiar landscapes, the great developers of natural resources, indispensible to maintain life. What has become of the dream of the « garden-city » ? What price must be paid to equip the country- side like the towns and avoid the desertification to be seen in capitalist countries ? What kind of decentralization of power is possible or desirable to encourage individual and collective creativity in future in socialist countries ? These discussions have convinced us that a comparison between capitalist and socialist societies cannot only be made quantitatively. The main question is human happiness and in this struggle for life, judgment will be made with reference to the global aspects of « all » life — the level of consumption but also the degree of participation, ability to create, the quality of justice. There remains the whole problem of relations between industrialized societies and the rest of the world, more or less developing countries. Will the socialist countries agriculture ; like that of capitalist countries, become the predator of the world ecosystem ? Will it also become a consumer of the energy resources of the Southern countries ? These questions are beyond us today, but we, citizens of the dominant countries, can no longer ignore them. Efficient models of biologico-chemical production are still to be invented... that will provide an exciting task for the future. Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 111 Number: 350921 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350921 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350921/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2390.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350921 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vienney, Claude Title: La signification des institutions coopératives des pays socialistes dans la mise en relation de la production avec le marché Abstract: In Western Europe, where they first existed, cooperative organizations have taken the institutional form of associations (« groups of individuals - the firm ») because their existence can be explained by the reorganizational constraints imposed by certain producers on the relationship between production and the market, for which the firm is the usual framework, and where the powers of the business men are at stake. The planned socialist economy having systematically dismantled the Keywords: Agribusiness, Political Economy Volume: 111 Number: 350922 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350922 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350922/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2391.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350922 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmidt, Walter Title: Le passage à la production industrialisée par la coopération et la situation nouvelle de l'agriculture dans l'économie nationale de la République Démocratique d'Allemagne (RDA) Abstract: In spite of the decreasing amount of vegetable matter in foodstuffs, vegetable production has to meet increasing demands for it provides the raw material for animal production and for the animal feeding-stuffs industry as well as for the food-stuffs industry. Industrialized production in agriculture is possible only through a social organization of the production - concentration, specialization, an increasing division of labour between the firms participating in the production of agricultural goods, their processing, stocking and distribution. Vegetable and animal productions are now links in the chain of cooperation. Vertical cooperation has become the rule in the relations between farming and its suppliers and distributors and between subsections and the various levels of farming. This socialist restructuration has made the industrialization of production both possible and necessary. Farming has overcome the backwardness inherited from the production methods of individual farmers and has become one sector of the national economy with modern means of production, with the modern organization, management and planning required by the application of science and technology to production processes, and above all, with an abundance of workers (labourers and cooperative farmers) who are highly qualified and specialized. Farming, as a sector of the national economy, is divided into two main branches - vegetable production (including market-gardening) and animal production. Several measures help to preserve and improve the conditions of growth and maturation of the plants, and the fertility of the soil. These long-term measures, characteristic of the development of socialist agriculture, contribute to a lasting improvement in the conditions of farm labour. However the level of concentration attained in socialist farm businesses does not yet make a rational use of the complex of machine's and technologies possible. At the end of 1973, 6.4 % of the total number of cattle and pigs were reared in industrial farms. Industrial meat production units organize and balance fodder consumption, production costs and daily weight gain. (A State business, the Eberswalde production unit obtains excellent results with a capacity of 100.000 place's for pigfattening). But the need to make full use of these capacities to increase animal production does not make a rapid adaptation towards this form of specialized business desirable. The social division of labour leads to a reduction in the amount of social work necessary for food production as a whole and a rapid reduction in the amount of labour used in farming itself, and the relative stagnation of the animal feeding-stuffs and processing industries. The net cash income of the population has progressed much more quickly than the expenditure on foodstuffs although the latter are of higher quality. The population therefore has more money for other purposes - industrial goods, education, culture and services (but more than half the active workers producing consumer goods are still employed in the farming-feeding-stuffs industry). We have seen that the relations between the agri-industrial complex, businesses, combinats, unions, with the suppliers, trade and consumers are organized on a vertical cooperation basis. The results obtained make it pos'sible and necessary, in the interests of society, of the firms and the workers, to improve labour conditions, the standard of living (particularly income as compared with the quantity and quality of the labour supplied), the proportion of working- hours/hours of rest, and the possibilities of acquiring higher qualifications linked to the assurance of greater security and improved promotion hopes. Improved conditions of life and work are an indication of a powerful driving force, capable of developing, reinforcing and stimulating the initiative and the responsibility of the workers with regard to their work. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 111 Number: 350923 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350923 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350923/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2392.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350923 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hossenlopp, Joseph Title: Le système actuel de planification et de gestion des entreprises du complexe agro-alimentaire en RDA Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 111 Number: 350924 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350924 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350924/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2393.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350924 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmidt, Walter Title: La planification socialiste du complexe agro-alimentaire : l'exemple de la RDA Abstract: 1) The German United Socialist Party (SED) during its 8th Conference emphasized that the needs of the workers occupy a fundamental place in a socialist economy. Planned objectives are real objectives and also objectives in the class-struggle which suppose the commitment of millions of men (workers becoming owners of the means of production), their initiatives, their desire to overcome difficulties, to develop innovations, and to use each individual's experience in the service of all. The main goal of a five-year plan is to raise the material and cultural standard of living of the population. This objective is attained by a high level of development of socialist production,, greater efficiency by means of scientific and technical progress, and greater productivity of labour (in industry the growth aimed at is 35 °/c-37 % for 1971-5). The planning of the food sector is part of national economic planning - it organizes and realizes a supply of foodstuffs corresponding to the needs of the population. The needs of men are the aim of socialist planning. Demand is only a part of the needs which can be surveyed, determined and planned on three levels. Professor Schmidt concentrates on the second level - the distribution of consumption according to the structure of the needs. For the planning of the structure of food needs (forecasting) and that of the structure of food demand (annual planning) the structures of production and consumption must be know. There are 2.3 million workers in farming and foodstuffs, in other words more than half the total number of active workers. The foodstuffs consumed are provided by the nation's farms (77 %) and by imports (33 %). The consumer needs to have good quality food at his disposal at prices that are stable and accessible to all, food that contributes to the health, the well-being and the happiness of men. These are objective needs. But there are also subjective needs (for example needs that arise from habit - the consumption of too much food, food too rich in calories, tobacco or alcohol). In order to reconcile these needs, ranges of products have been worked out and are available on the market - special foods for children, diets, food low in calories but tasty... These products are on sale in supermarkets and in some country shops. The food industry has also sought to balance vitamins, starch, sugar, iron. 2) The results of research into food products provide precise and scientifically valid bases for the objectives (quantitative and qualitative) adopted in the planning of needs (forecasting, mean and shortterm planning). . This advance in scientific knowledge enables realistic partial objectives for one stage of development to be determined, while the taking into account of the possibility of changes in consumption habits (subjective factor) may lead to corrections in the plan's objectives being determined. The planning of the food industry may be achieved : — as a complex plan concerning all the sectors of the food economy — as a complex plan in the different regions of the GDR. This planning requires continuous, persevering work, carried out in close cooperation with the workers, the cooperative farmers, and the workers in allied industries. The plan is realized by means of production contracts. A complex system of economic regulations (including the fixing of stable prices) orientates firms towards the attainment of the strategic objectives of the development of the food economy. This plan, worked out by complex mathematical and statistical methods must be comprehensible for every worker and must encourage his initiatives in the carrying out of planned tasks. This is the « perfecting of planning and management » as defined by the 8th Conference of the SED. Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 111 Number: 350925 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350925 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350925/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2394.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350925 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bajan, Konrad Title: Structure, concentration et planification du secteur agroalimentaire en Pologne Abstract: The main aim of Polish farm policy is — to reconcile the increase in farm production with a transformation of individual production into a system of modern socialist forms. — to give a planned structure not only to food production but also to the circulation of food products between town and country. The systematic reduction of the total area of land farmed (the land thus made available is to be used for non- agricultural purposes) is possible because : — the peasant economy has considerable production reserves — these reserves can be exploited, in a planned system, by a policy of intensive farming. The constant increase of farm production based on the social concentration of land is a strategic objective of government policy in Poland. To attain this goal : — industry must be stepped up to meet agricultural needs — the labour force must be reduced in farming to ensure increased efficiency — socialist forms of farm labour economy must be intensified and developed to make possible a higher standard of living than individual economies. At present the setting-up of a food economy complex in which agricultural production, the agricultural means of production industry, and the farming-food-stuffs industry would be closely connected, is being considered. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 111 Number: 350926 Year: 1975 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350926 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350926/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2395.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350926 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Florea, Virgil Title: La concentration et la planification agricoles en Roumanie Abstract: 1) The superiority of large-scale farm production over small farms is nowadays recognized by most economists, even in capitalist countries. In Rumania the change-over to large-scale socialist farm production took place in stages. In the first stage - the agricultural reform put an end to the great estates of the Boyards. The first State farms were set up. Then a second stage saw the beginning of the process of Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 111 Number: 350927 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350927 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350927/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2396.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350927 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cordonnier, P. Title: Autogestion et techniques de décision Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 111 Number: 350928 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350928 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350928/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2397.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350928 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radovic, Ilija Title: L'agriculture en Yougoslavie entre 1952 et 1973 Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 111 Number: 350929 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350929 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350929/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2398.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350929 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koulytchizky, Serge Title: Eléments de réflexion sur autogestion et/ou direction centralisée en agriculture Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 111 Number: 350930 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350930 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350930/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2399.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350930 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farcy, Henri de Title: Politique de développement rural en Europe de l'Est Abstract: For many years those responsible for the economic policy of many socialist countries considered rural development along the same lines as urban development - the growth of « farm-towns » with blocks of flats. But at present many policies are more interested in the development of life in villages detached houses with gardens and a greater diversification of activity, in order to find more work on the spot for the surplus labour force (tourism, building trades, food industries, and even other forms of industry). The villages and districts are invited to collaborate actively in this policy. In certain countries one sees a certain decentralization of responsibility. The next few years will show what influence these objectives will have on present methods of centralized planning. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 111 Number: 350931 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350931 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350931/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2400.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350931 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Florea, Virgil Title: Le rapprochement des conditions de vie entre les villes et la campagne en Roumanie Abstract: All Rumanian peasants have gained control of the means of production - by their work, their livelihood is henceforth ensured. The building of a socialist society aims at improving working conditions in the countryside, and also, by means of mechanization and technical improvements, at increasing both farm production and the peasants' net income. Improved rural housing, more widespread education (between 8 and 10 years), improved road communications', free medical care, allowances for the children of cooperative members, pensions for old people - are some of the measures that have already transformed rural life. At present further steps are being taken to increase the resemblance between village and town life. Modern techniques will be used towards a dynamic development of production. Work in agriculture will increasingly become one form of industrial labour. Cooperation between the social sector and the cooperative sector will be increased. Town planning, and the development in rural areas of education, cultural and leisure activities, of trade and services will contribute to a higher standard of living, and of culture in the peasant population. This complex process requires a great effort from the whole of society and particularly considerable financial means. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 111 Number: 350932 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350932 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350932/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2401.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350932 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bajan, Konrad Title: Egalisation des conditions de vie entre la ville et la campagne en Pologne Abstract: More than half the population of Poland is employed. If one takes into account urban development* the improvement in transport and communications, the higher standard of living, especially in the working class, and improved working conditions in the socialized sector, it is easy to understand the tendency of young people to leave the countryside and the conditions of farm labour to take up more attractive employment and to adopt town life. The attraction of the town is linked with the opportunity of taking advantage of the achievements of scientific and technical progress, of cultural developments, of education, and of cultural and leisure activities. One of the main objectives of socialism is to do away with the differences between town and country. When there is less distance between town and country farm labour seems less unpleasant ; it is also a means of helping farmers financially, helping them to invest, developing forms of cooperation. It is also a means of guaranteeing decent living conditions for peasant families by improving rural housing, and by constantly increasing their income. In this way the government is trying to give the Polish countryside of tomorrow a form corresponding to the model of the modern socialist society. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 111 Number: 350933 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350933 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350933/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2402.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350933 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rhode Title: La propriété du sol et des moyens de production dans les conditions de passage à la production de type industriel, en RDA Abstract: The social progress of the rural community, the objective of the farm and land policy of the GDR, cannot be achieved without reforming the land laws. The land reform which, both globally and in principle, concerned land ownership and use and the means of production, is heading towards collectivization. The gradual changes in the laws governing land ownership and use are connected with the different stages of socialization. The setting up of LPGs - farm products cooperatives - has led to a change in the law governing ownership of land and of the means of production and of output. The intensification of socialization and the gradual transition to industrial-type production methods, by means of the cooperative movement, are based on the setting up of bigger and more specialized production units - LPGs, GPGs, VEGs. Finally, as a result of the LPGs and VEGs, the intercoopera- tive - legally an autonomous body - has its own plan, management and finance. Its main concerns are improvement cooperatives, agricultural chemical centres (ACZs), intercooperative undertakings (ZBOs) and various specialized plants (for drying, storage, processing, animal production). In conclusion, collectivization of land and of the means of production, the development of cooperatives and the setting up of specialized firms, make possible an intensification of agricultural production, the introduction of industrial-type production methods, lower cost prices,, better returns for funds invested, and greater productivity. The rights to land ownership of the cooperative members remain. Their ownership is realized above all within the activity of the cooperative and in their financial results. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 111 Number: 350934 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350934 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350934/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_111_1_2403.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350934 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lavigne, Marie Title: Agriculture et développement socialiste Abstract: What is the socialist form of agricultural development ? What part does farming play in general economic development ? At present the answers to these two questions are not simple and vary according to the country in question. This variety can be seen in four aspects of the question : 1) Institutions (the choice is no longer between State farms and cooperatives ; different types of farms are combined and associated ; the newest form, the agro- industrial combinat, cannot be analysed simply with reference to one form of ownership). 2) Planning and management methods. The carrying out of the plan is encouraged by types of motivation such as profit. From this point of view, the problem of subsidies and more generally the transfer of funds from the State to farming must be reexamined. 3) The position of the farm worker : how can rural depopulation be measured today ? What is the significance of closer links between town and country ? 4) The role of farming in socialist countries foreign trade : perhaps the myth of socialist farming eternally dependent on importations should be revised. Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 112 Number: 350935 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350935 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350935/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2404.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350935 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Slater, John Title: L'agriculture soviétique d'aujourd'hui : une analyse des problèmes actuels et des priorités retenues, plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne l'élevage Abstract: The following paper was written before the news of the disastrous 1975 harvest became known. The paper argues that present priorities towards agriculture, with their emphasis on accelerated development of livestock products as a major element in improving the lot of consumers, are excessively costly in terms of both domestic resource allocation and foreign exchange pre-empted for feed imports. Desp'te the increasingly widespread introduction of new organisational reforms, many cost enhancing and productivity restrincting practices remain to hinder agricultural growth - which is already subject to severe climatic constraints. A policy switch in favour of non-agricultural consumption goods could provide a cheaper alternative to further dietary improvements. If this comes about, a possible outcome could be a reversion to the net grain exporting position held by the Soviet Union in the 1960s. The 1975 harvest result can only reinforce the arguments presented in the paper. The recently published Directives for the 10th five-year plan to 1980 indeed show more modest livestock output growth targets than those retained for 1971-75. Most probably, however, this represents a temporary adjustment to circumstances in face of heavy emergency slaughter of animals in the aftermath of the 1975 harvest, rather than a change in present policies - but this initial assessment remains to be tested in the light of the decisions made at the 25th Congress of the CPSU in February this year. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 112 Number: 350936 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350936 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350936/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2405.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350936 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sokoloff, Georges Title: Les interventions de l'URSS sur le marché céréalier mondial Abstract: The tensions on the grain market at present are due partly to the interventions of the USSR. In many third world countries, the state of food reserves still depends on whether or not they have access to the international grain market. But the state of the grain market may in its turn depend on soviet purchases. If, in the long term, the efforts of the Soviet leaders seem likely to give results, in the short term, in view of the difficulties encountered, the USSR will continue to intervene on the grain market which may well find itself disrupted for some time. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 112 Number: 350937 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350937 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350937/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2406.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350937 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Théodore Title: Analyse comparée des politiques agraires dans les pays socialistes Abstract: In spite of the obstacles for a comparative analysis, an attempt seems to be worthwhile. For a cross-system analysis - between capitalist and socialist societies - of farm policies there are no indicators and methods. For a full comparison in the socialist system, more national and particularly regional data would be called for. For a better understanding of the problems, agrarian history after the socialist revolution is periodised in four development phases : Desinvestment, production battle, new economic system, surplus production. After the radical transformation of the agrarian structures, farm policies hardly deal with new changes of the newly established macro-structure, which has to be fully utilized by great quantities of new production inputs. After the abolition of the machine and tractor stations, the main pillars of agrarian structure are modified only in their international organization (I). An exception to this are the new superstructures combining several collective or state farms. Production is increased by an accelerated flow of fertilisers, farm machinery, investments in land improvement etc... The rigid direction of marketing is loosened and later abolished in favour of more flexibility and a variety of marketing channels for the producers. Farm prices are increased and levelled, the split market system ended. The social status, the economic situation and the social security of the kolkhoz members are improved, opening the gate for growing identification with their collective enterprise. Only the centralised administration, top-heavy and badly adapted to decisions about regional and local matters, is hardly changed. The social costs, the disadvantageous effects of the radical restructuration surmounted, production increases with the flow of new inputs in accelerated pace due to the exploitation of the economies of scale. The obstacles to production are similar in socialist countries with and without collectivisation. This suggests a multicausal explanation, which ought not to be limited to the only cause of the formation of the collective farms. Agrarian policies of the socialist countries advance from monolithism to a plurality of socialist models, all of equal status and right. This contributes to outdate the idea of the hegemony of any one country. While one group - the poorest - have advanced more quickly in transforming their structure, the other group the states better equipped with industries - have made more progress in modernising the agrarian sector and increasing its production. Uniformity in agrarian policy is replaced by a growing multiplicity of models, instruments and actual goals. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Political Economy Volume: 112 Number: 350938 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350938 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350938/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2407.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350938 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prod'homme, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Rajaud, B. Title: La Yougoslavie : relations entre les secteurs socialiste et privé dans l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 112 Number: 350939 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350939 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350939/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2408.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350939 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cordonnier, P. Author-Name: Jullian, P. Title: La Yougoslavie : Les branches d'activité agricole d'une région autonome Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 112 Number: 350940 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350940 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350940/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2409.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350940 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Spindler, F. Title: Les formes d'organisation socio-économiques. Compte rendu Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 112 Number: 350941 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350941 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350941/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2410.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350941 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Spindler, F. Title: Les difficultés de la concentration des ateliers de production animale dans quelques pays socialistes Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 112 Number: 350942 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350942 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350942/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2411.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350942 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Title: La Pologne : de la socialisation indirecte de l'agriculture à la reprise de la socialisation directe Abstract: The difficulties met by the People's RepubVc of Poland during its first attempt at the direct, large-scale socialization of peasant farming during the 1950's led to an original policy of intensification and of flexible relationships between farm'ng and the socialized sector of the economy in the 1960's. This policy attempts an indirect and partial socialization of individual farms. In the 70's, the disadvantages and contradictions of this main method (greater need for productivity of labour, dangers of dislocation of family farming) made a return to direct socialization necessary, in very varied and progressive forms, but combined with the former method and integrated in an overall restructuration of this activity on the level of the « commune », the future socialist basic unit in country districts. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 112 Number: 350943 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350943 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350943/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2412.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350943 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: Mode de production et systèmes de culture et d'élevage Abstract: The author intends to show how the theory of Marx can be used to explain the development of farm production systems. The unequal development which characterizes the economic and social capitalistic system results precisely in an unequal integration of the farms into a market economy and consequently in a unequal access to modern production techniques. In order to remain competitive, or at least to delay their elimination, the small farms underpay their labour which is possible in a family-farm system with a subsistence economy. The big farms, on the contrary, which are solidly integrated in the market economy dispose of the capital necessary to conciliate the use of high productivity techniques and the employment of hired labour. In countries where an agrarian reform has been carried out, for instance in the DRG or in Hungary, the main preoccupation has been the uniform development of the farms and has resulted in a homogenization of the production systems, each farm practising both market and non-market activities. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 112 Number: 350944 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350944 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350944/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2413.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350944 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steidlmayer, P. K. Title: La politique agricole en Chine : une esquisse de son évolution Abstract: In 1976 China is to begin its fifth five year plan. The first five year plan was published in 1956 (its fourth year) and in the same year proposals for the second plan were made known ; nothing else has been published concerning the subsequent plans themselves. It is difficult to know what official policy is. However there have been numerous, though scattered, reports on the situation of agriculture in various regions of the country over the past years. Most of these reports are of model areas. Model reports seems to constitute a political literary genre proper to the Chinese. This paper discusses the function of models and uses model reports as the principal heuristic device in sketching the development of policy. The whole discussion of present policy is placed in the context of the basic problems which Chinese agriculture faced in the thirties and forties as well as the serious crisis at the end of the fifties. Present policy gives primacy to the development of agriculture. The position of the central government is primarily one of supporting agriculture ; agriculture is done on the local levels. There are five areas in which this support is manifested : finance, commerce, planning, socialist management and productive inputs. In each of these areas of macroeconomic policy, central government activity in the past fifteen years has shifted to a more vigorous support of agriculture. On the microeconomic level, local units are to be integrated into the above systems. Local policies are characterized by intensive use of labor, soil and water conservation, introduction of new techniques and inputs, diversification of the local economy, self reliance with repsect to capital and labor, and socialist management. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 112 Number: 350945 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350945 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350945/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_112_1_2414.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350945 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thorn, R. S. Author-Name: Bernard, R. Title: L'état actuel des théories de l'inflation devant l'inflation des théories Abstract: Economists and politicians are still concerned by inflation, and have been more so during the last few years. Several theories have attempted to explain it, based on the main schools of thought that have emerged in Economics over the last century. Inflation has often been conceived as one of the elements of the process by which the economy reaches a balance ; an excessive supply of currency, or the pressures brought to bear by wage costs in conditions of almost full employment, have been mentioned. Some writers have therefore accused the States' intervention in monetary matters, others the inability of this intervention to control wages, or more generally to control incomes and prices. The persistence over the last few years of both a high unemployment rate and a high rate of inflation has made necessary a revision of these theories without their providing any greater proof of credibility. Others, therefore, have tried to give a more global picture of the problems by showing that the structures of our present-day economies give rise to the development of lasting inflationist tensions, or by seeing inflation as both an economic and a social problem, resulting from new structural relations between the economic and social groups. Without taking sides in this theoretical debate the writers of this article stress two facts. Inflation has a considerable effect on social and economic relations, mainly negative as far as individuals are concerned. At the same time, the desire of those in power to solve this problem must make use of credible policies which can not effect a return to price stability without economic and social cost. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 113 Number: 350946 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350946 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350946/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2416.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350946 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Louwes, L. Author-Name: de Marcillac, S.L. Title: Agriculture et inflation : variation des prix et des coûts 1963-1975 Abstract: The concept of annual income for farming in the whole of the EEC (EUR-9) is not clear. This income is not accurately known and one can have an idea of it only after a certain lapse of time. This article shows that accidental phenomena, in conjunction with high inflation, have, during the past three years, perturbed the fundamental tendencies of stability and growth that farming had known during the previous ten years. In order to follow the short-term development of farm income, it is at present difficult to collect data. The prices of the products bought or sold by the farmers are the only factors that can be quickly observed and synthetized, more or less accurately. The variation of gross added value owing to variations in the prices of the final output and of meantime consumption alone, enables and approximate estimation of the development of income to be made. Although prices varied much more favourably in 1975 than in 1974, the analysis carried out for each country individually, when the various inflation rates are added, shows that in real terms for 1975 farm incomes went down for all nine countries of the EEC. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 113 Number: 350947 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350947 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350947/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2417.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350947 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colcombet, G. Title: Une régularisation maîtrisée de la production laitière; est-elle possible en France ? Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 113 Number: 350948 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350948 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350948/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2418.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350948 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquin, P. Title: Crise économique et choix des systèmes de production Abstract: In order to provide the farmer with as many services as possible it is as well to think both in terms of his farm (the best use of the land and the climate) and in terms of what he buys outside, and to consider the necessary economies that must be made, especially where animal productions are concerned. Many products can be obtained in more advantageous conditions, especially the proteins needed for cattle. Why not give fodder to the cattle instead of transforming this fodder into more highly processed products requiring energy, that consequently cost more ? A concrete experiment in dairy-farming shows that a rational intensification is necessary. It is possible, and enables farmers farming 20-50 hectares to obtain an adequate income from a herd of 40-50 cows. At the same time, rotation cropping ensures the future, by intensive cultivation of grain crops. These are highly productive and are also the best means of protecting the soil, which then maintains all its agronomic potential. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 113 Number: 350949 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350949 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350949/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2419.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350949 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gastaldi, J. Title: L'aménagement du milieu naturel Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 113 Number: 350950 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350950 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350950/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2420.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350950 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gastaldi, J. Title: Le remembrement simplifié Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 113 Number: 350951 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350951 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350951/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2421.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350951 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masson, Philippe Title: Réflexions méthodologiques sur les études de développement agricole Abstract: The aim of this article is to try to work out a general pattern for the survey of agricultural development problems. To be realized, a development proposal must meet two types of conditions. First those of rationality : the development proposal must respect all the constraints likely to determine development natural environment, land tenure structures, human, economic and technical factors. Moreover, to be accepted, a development proposal must be worked out by those concerned. This is the justification for the advisory approach based on the participation of all those concerned. After defining in detail a method based on pure rationality we propose to integrate it in a group study. The analytical phase enables the groups concerned to be aware of their situations and the factors which may lead to its improvement. A non-directional discussion, completed by sectorial surveys, are the main means used. The phase dealing with the setting up of those orientations is carried out in meetings between the farmers concerned, and advisory technicians, respecting the rationality constraints resulting from the analytical phase. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 113 Number: 350952 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350952 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350952/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2422.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350952 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Savary, Roger Title: Conférence Européenne des économistes agricoles, Uppsala 1975 : rapport général Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 113 Number: 350953 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350953 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350953/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2423.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350953 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Les activités de l'Association Européenne des Economistes Agricoles (EAAE). Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 113 Number: 350954 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350954 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350954/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2424.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350954 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 113 Number: 350955 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350955 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350955/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_113_1_2425.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350955 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carles, Roland Title: Comptabilité agricole et mesure des disparités des revenus Abstract: This paper sums up the various means of measuring farm income provided by different micro-economic sources. In particular the characteristics of the farm accountancy information network and the uses made of it at present are examined especially with regard to the disparity in income ; the storage of information based on the analysis of data collected by the Centres de Gestion is then also examined. The problems posed by the scheduled extension of the information network are then considered. Several methods are under consideration : - the use of the accounts of those farms that are advised by the Centres de Gestion, a superficial study of the income of small farms, and in the longer term the analysis of the files built up from the management accounts kept for the attribution of aid to the modernization of farm businesses. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 114 Number: 350956 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350956 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350956/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_114_1_2427.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350956 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thonon, A. Title: Analyse des fluctuations annuelles du revenu agricole belge. Incidence du progrès technique et des variations de prix, 1954-1972 Abstract: Farm income varies from year to year, sometimes considerably. These variations in income are caused, on one hand, by input and output price variations, and on the other hand, by the variations in the quantity of input required and of the output obtained. This article intends to try to evaluate the impact on farm income of each of these four factors. The method of surpluses and price indexes shows that the variations in price have a major, direct impact on farm income. Technical progress, though responsible for 66 % of the increase in volume of production, has only a secondary influence on farm income. Any increase in production has an adverse influence on prices, so that farm income is practically unaffected by it. Moreover, technical progress considerably reduces the need for labour so that the income is from year to year to be divided among an ever smaller number of persons. 49 % of the average annual increase in income per labour unit (+ 11 %) can be attributed to the reduction in personnel, 40 % to the variations in prices and only 11 % to technical progress. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 114 Number: 350957 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350957 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350957/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_114_1_2428.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350957 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greiner, Pierre Title: La connaissance statistique des revenus agricoles Abstract: The statistical information concerning farm income provided by the INSEE or by the Statistics department of the Ministry of Agriculture, although still incomplete, largely because of our inaccurate knowledge of farm income for tax purposes, is neverthel es sufficient in volume and fairly complementary, so that farm income is perhaps the most accurately known of incomes other than those of wage-earners. In this study, the data provided by a direct approach - the accounts network on the microeconomic level, national and deparmental accounts on the macroeconomic level, and data from « indirect » sources such as the break-down of accounts according to farm types, carried out by the SCEES (Analysis 1970) or the accounts per household worked out by the INSEE - are distinguished. This last group is the most recent and is more approximate but is also much more thorough and detailed. The main problem still to be solved, in a branch where two forms of activity are very widespread, is a better knowledge of non-agricultural income. This poses several statistical and methodological problems, including the definition of a farm and a farming household. A programme for improving these sources of information is outlined at the end of this analysis. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 114 Number: 350958 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350958 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350958/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_114_1_2429.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350958 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Author-Name: Fouet, J. P. Title: L'offre de pommes de terre en France de 1950 à 1973 Abstract: In value, potatoes count for little in farming and food, but their price fluctuation and the fact that they are a basic commodity justify a more thorough economic analysis. The present study attempts to provide an explanation for the variation in area of the different categories of potatoes - seed potatoes, new potatoes, potatoes for canning and for industrial starch production. The influence of the cost of input and of substitutes (maize, vegetables) and the relationship between the various categories of potatoes from the point of view of supply are analysed. The elasticity is small, as one might expect : it is greater in the long term for seed potatoes and starch production than for new and processed potatoes. The latter group presents a more speculative character than the former which shows a distinct tendancy to depend on production structures. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 114 Number: 350959 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350959 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350959/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_114_1_2431.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350959 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tazelaar, R. J. Title: La pomme de terre en Europe Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 114 Number: 350960 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350960 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350960/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_114_1_2432.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350960 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nouyrit, H. Title: Bilan de l'organisation économique des producteurs Abstract: The aim of the laws of 1960-1962 as far as the organization of producers was concerned, was to eliminate anarchistic variations in supply by a quantitative control of production, to avoid a slump in prices (by withdrawing stocks) and to regulate them. In the main, these legal provisions are applied in those sectors where the organization of producers in cooperatives was not sufficiently developed (fruit and vegetables, poultry, cattle, meat). The relative variety of the possible forms of organization and the aid offered to newly-created groups have indeed enabled a considerable proportion of the production of these products to be organized in the framework of groups, two thirds of which are cooperatives and SIC AS. However, if the implementation of these measures has enabled a partial organization of production to be set up, it has not ensured an organization of the various markets. Moreover, it could not take the place of the EEC regulations and the producers, even in groups, could not take on responsibilities, particularly financial ones, that lie with the authorities. However, the general results of this economic organization seem to be on the positive side. In particular, in those branches which were reluctant to adopt any kind of organization, the producers have realized that it was indispensible for them to gain control of their production and marketing. This policy deserves to be continued even if it must be modified somewhat to conform to the development of the regulations of the EEC and to adapt to the development of structures informing Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 114 Number: 350961 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350961 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350961/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_114_1_2433.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350961 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquart, Dominique Title: La démarche marketing dans le domaine de la viande bovine : le cas de la génisse Aubrac-Charolais Abstract: Is it possible to make use of a « marketing » approach to solve the problems of a meat producing business ? The writer examines the consequences of the former practices of a small cooperative in the North of the Aveyron, and the problems encountered in introducing a « marketing » approach, problems concerning the estimation of demand, the cooperative regulations, the natural and human environment, the very mixed quality of the young animals, and the various partners lack of awareness of the problems of marketing. A a «marketing» approach brings about a change in the relationships between farmers, farming organizations and the cooperative. A knowledge of the market is the most important factor ; the perfecting of techniques is a secondary consideration. Keywords: Marketing, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 114 Number: 350962 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350962 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350962/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_114_1_2434.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350962 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 114 Number: 350963 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350963 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350963/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_114_1_2435.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350963 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cracknell, P. Title: Les produits alimentaires stratégiques Abstract: Although it is wise to give thought to the productive capacity of the farming-food industry as a strategic instrument for a nation or an ideological group, it is also indispensable to give thought to the strategy that must be worked out to overcome the problem of hunger in the world. The recent international discussions that have taken place, particularly at the World Food Conference have led to a greater awareness of the policies that must be adopted to reach this goal both on the national level in developing countries and on the international level. This strategy of war on want must first of all consider those who produce the means of fighting against it, in other words the farmers. To overcome hunger one must first of all create the conditions for a satisfactory development of farming. Amongst the necessary conditions, international agreements on foodstuffs, the development of food aid from the wealthy nations, support for the organization of farmers, particularly in developing countries seem most important. These conditions cannot be assured in a climate of permanent political an ideological disagreement. Surely governments should understand that in the field of war on want only broad general collaboration will enable progress to be made towards a strategy capable of dealing with the cause. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 115 Number: 350964 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350964 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350964/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2436.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350964 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janton, M. Title: Les perspectives des accords sur les produits de base Abstract: France has always favoured inter-governmental agreements to organize the market of basic products at stable and fair price levels. Only a small number of agreements of this kind have come into force after difficult negotiations. This is why within the new world economic order that it advocates the United Nations General Assembly came out in favour of an « integrated global approach », which, while taking into consideration the characteristics of each basic product, should enable the discussion to restant on a broader basis. The fourth United Nations Trade and Development Conference held in Nairobi in May 1976 has just set up a procedure and a working calendar which should enable practical conclusions to be reached in the near future. However, the reservations expressed by some countries representing a large proportion of world trade lead to fears that the political goodwill, without which the compromises necessary for the negotiations to succeed cannot be reached, is not always present. Keywords: Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade Volume: 115 Number: 350965 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350965 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350965/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2437.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350965 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chabert, Jean-Paul Title: Les échanges de céréales et leurs implications politiques et économiques Abstract: Grain crops have long been a political weapon as their production, processing and circulation are inseparable from deliberate steps taken by the State, steps that may vary or may reinforce one another. The dépendance or the domination of a country cannot be deduced simply by glancing at its trade flow. Everything depends on the importing States to have a hand in the structuring of the economy of the exporting country, with a view to its own imports, or on the contrary, the exporting country's governments abilites to have a hand in the structuring of the economy of the importing country, with a view to its own exports. The increase in cereal trade has not led to less heterogeneous production conditions among competing and interrelated firms in the grain complete. It has modified this heterogeneity and placed it elsewhere in a process in which phases of specialization and despecialization, of concentration and déconcentration alternate. During this process, production conditions and the relations between agents in the cereal complete change. The marginalization of a region or of a country heralds its modernization on a new basis. Some economic and financial agents may have an influence on the reproduction and modified place of the heterogeneous nature of production conditions by means of the monopoly control they exert on prices and technical innovation. Moreover, protectionist measures adopted by the various States give rise to a great many comparative local advantages which can be known and used only by these agents which act quickly and easily on an international scale. In such conditions protectionist policies aimed at protecting some national producers (and which do indeed protect them) at the same time had to the most powerful economic agents being reinforced and to continued instability on the international markets. These are the main points considered here, with France as an example. France, in the process of industrialization, has considerably developed its commercial exchanges in grain crops and from colonization to decolonization has, from being an importing country, become an exporting country. The problems posed by commercial exchanges in grain do not seem to be really specific. They are on the whole those of an international, monopolistic market, divided up into national States. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 115 Number: 350966 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350966 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350966/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2438.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350966 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Bihan, Joseph Title: Pôles internationaux, tensions alimentaires et stratégies d'adaptation Abstract: A description of the role and function of merchants requires an objective analysis of the nature of the relationship between the various economic agents - producers and consumers on the one hand, merchants on the other. - The difficulties met by the buyers concern the cost and certainty of supplies. They may lead to serious risks in addition to the traditional risks run by industrialists in production or sales. The latter will therefore seek to reduce these risks by attempts at internal organization, and by trying to pass on to other economic agents the risks they cannot avoid. What do such risks involve for the merchant ? To support the logistic risk the seller must have a certain infrastructure at his disposal, a well-organized distribution network ensuring continuous delivery in spite of hitches of all kinds. The commercial risk can be negotiated by means of the conditional market, an irreplaceable tool. Only firms specializing in the management of such risks and equipped to do so can establish a sort of « bridge » between the various risks and choose when and how to intervene on the market. But these firms must have sufficient size, experience and means of action to intervene on the international markets. The difficulties met in planned economies show the advantages our economic communities gain from these market mechanisms and how well they can adjust. The economic efficiency of the grain market is a model envied by many other more vulnerable branches. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 115 Number: 350967 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350967 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350967/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2439.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350967 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rougé, Matthieu Title: Rôle et fonction des firmes privées de négoce Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 115 Number: 350968 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350968 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350968/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2440.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350968 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Taddei, E. Title: Possibilités d'établissement d'une politique des protéines à l'échelle mondiale Abstract: However natural it may seem, a world agreement on proteins has encountered many difficulties owing to the different policies of those concerned. The U.S. wants to dominate the consumer market by measures that encourage exports (P.L 480 Food Aid for Peace, General Sale Manager) and also by the efforts of professional organizations such as the A.S.A. and multinational firms. The U.S.S.R. would like to play an international market that is anarchic enabling it to intervene from time to time within its own policy (the sale of sunflower-seed oil in spite of the poor harvest and the purchase of cheap American soya oil). Europe would like to retain a little ot if s indépendance and to play on the price fluctuations but without being equipped to practise this policy because of the diversity of the economic motivations of the member states. In these agreements the developing countries would like to see results that their possible partners consider excessive. In this situation it seems difficult to establish a world agreement in the near future, but this economic system was shaken by a serious crisis in 1973 which might well occur again and result in an international agreement. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 115 Number: 350969 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350969 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350969/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2441.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viatte, G. Title: Les aspects économiques et politiques de l'aide alimentaire Abstract: This paper brings to light the following three conclusions : (a) In the forseesable future fairly considerable food aid will continue to be necessary to face not only critical situations but also the structural food imbalance in certain regions. (b) Food aid must be integrated in the general framework of the food and development policies both of the recipients and of the donors. (c) Continuous improvement in management is necessary to increase the economic and humanitarian efficiency of food aid : mean term planning, the coordination of the various programmes, the use of this aid in the receiving countries, « depolitization » etc. It seems that improvement in some of these respects has already begun. Keywords: Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade Volume: 115 Number: 350970 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350970 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350970/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2442.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350970 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquot, Michel-Jean Title: Les points chauds des négociations multilatérales du GATT Abstract: Bodies competing with GATT where the problems of the production and exchange of agricultural produce are debated are increasing in number, making negotiations even more difficult. The conflict between the USA and the EEC is of vital importance for the Geneva negotiations. The USA's attacks on the EEC's exports and their restitutions are not new, but since the recent monetary and economic events they have become clearer : the American market if it is saturated can be closed to subsidized exports and they are threatened in third-party countries where they compete with American exports. The American authorities consider wheat and soya as «r strategic weapons » capable of impressing raw-material-producing countries (in particular oil-producing countries). The EEC, on the other hand, above all France, hopes to reduce the balance of payments deficit, increased by the energy crisis, and wishes to increase its agricultural exports. This leads to conflict between France and the USA. The other 80 countries taking part in the negotiations share on or other of these views. The developing countries, moreover, are trying to have their particular interests recognized. If a common agricultural policy is to continue, Europe must choose one negotiating body and speak with one voice. Any parallel negotiations carried on by one of the member countries would play into America's hands. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 115 Number: 350971 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350971 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350971/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2443.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350971 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perrin de Brichambaut, Marc Title: L'arme alimentaire existe-t-elle ? Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 115 Number: 350972 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350972 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350972/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2444.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350972 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 115 Number: 350973 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350973 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350973/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_115_1_2445.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350973 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rougé, Matthieu Title: Les firmes internationales dans le commerce des céréales Abstract: Are cereals strategic products ? They are if one considers the importance of cereals in the world economy and in the total food consumption of the world population. But not if one means by this that cereals are in a similar position (and hence should follow a similar policy) to that of other indispensable raw materials such as oil. Cereals, surpluses or deticits arise. Ihe wacld distribution of production areas, the variety of the produce, the different cycles and the different harvesting seasons rule out any risk of there being a monopoly of the cereal supply. Are the merchants multinational firms ? These firms are international not multinational. A multinational owns, controls or administers production and commercial departments in several countries because the main firm has grown too big for its national base and has sought new openings abroad, thus reaching multinational size. The international merchant on the other hand has a range, a market and activités which were international from the beginning and by their very nature. State intervention or the grain market. State intervention has existed for a very long time. After a protectionist period the setting up of the ONIC in France masked the introduction of a whole system of organization of production and markets. The policy of price and quantity control on the whole leads to the producer's income being maintained. This first attempt at State intervention in the field of market organization was reinforced when the responsibility for working out a common agricultural policy was transfered to Brussels. Increasingly stringent and highly perfected means of action and mean term management are the characteristics of the EEC's planning of certain forms of trade. Recently a new trend has emerged especially in France. France because of its farming in general and its grain potential in particular has a product of strategic importance, one might even say a weapon, to be exported to the consumer countries, the oil-producing countries. She can, therefore, reach trade agreements, the deals we have heard so much about. And the French government is trying to set up organizations to deal with certain operations. Finally, to make sure that French products will be included, entirely French firms and official bodies are given the task of negotiating these deals. In fact, in the past, French grain exports did not need to be encouraged and developed. On the contrary they were constantly held in check (to combat inflation in particular). Even without being able to take advantage of the market opportunities, grain crops were nevertheless sold at a higher price than on the world market. Moreover, bilateral agreements have more political than economic importance and trade agreements are above all declarations of intent. Recent government intervention in actual deals has failed for in fact only competition between sellers ensures good buying terms for price, for the quality of the product and safe delivery. So-called « optional » contracts were introduced to guarantee a supply that did not depend on its source. Some people would like to see State intervention in deals resulting from trade agreements to prevent « French products being sacrificed in these optional sales to products from other countries chosen by multinational firms with a purely profit-making aim ». Such arguments disregard the most elementary workings of the world market and the indispensable services rendered by merchants. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 116 Number: 350974 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350974 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350974/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2447.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350974 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrault, J.-P. Title: Le point de vue des producteurs français Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 116 Number: 350975 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350975 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350975/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2448.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350975 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berlan, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Bertrand, Jean-Marie Author-Name: Lebas, Laurence Author-Name: Marlone, M. Title: Les conditions de la concurrence internationale entre soja, arachide et colza Abstract: Ground nuts, colza and soya beans are comparable p-oducts as foodstuffs. They all contain oil and proteins in varying quantities. Their use and the regions where they are produced depend at any given time on the relations and exchanges between nations and on the protectionist or free-trade policies of states. Thus the colonial policy of European countired situated table-oil production (ground nuts, colza and soya) in Asia (India, China) and in Africa (Senegal, Nigeria). Under an appearance of free-trade this poHcy fixed the trade flow in zones of influence where the old industrial countries controlled the supply of raw materials. The protectionist policy of the « Young Countries » are an answer to these policies. In 1930 already the USA developped the production of soya beans with tariff-protection and idirect aid for production. The break up of the colonial system after the war benefited American soya which dominated oil-protein exchanges while new forms of protection in Europe were an attempt to aid national production (colza in France and Germany). But the struggle is unequal. Soya in the US is one of the bases of multinational firms whose strategy depends partly on European protectionism. European colza cannot win because the national economic agents (French firms) are not able to make it the basis of an alternative food pattern (oil and proteins). The competition (after 1967) between ground nuts and soya concerns totally different production conditions. Ground nuts are not (unlike colza) the xesult of a form of agriculture integrated in the industrial production process. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 116 Number: 350976 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350976 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350976/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2450.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350976 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Taddei, E. Title: Perspectives communautaires Abstract: In 1971 1/3 of the French protein consumption was made up of cereals and vegetables ; 1/3 of meat ; 1/3 of milk, eggs and fish. French meat consumption between 1960 and 1972 varied considerably resulting in a higher consumption of pork and poultry compared to beef. Protein from oil-cake makes up most of the food of these non-ruminants and in this respect the EEC was only 5 % self-sufficient, France only 15.7 %. In order to reduce this degree of dépendance, several forms of action have been undertaken regarding research, on the economic level and on the professional level. The development of oil-producing crops - colza, sunflower, and soya, and of protein-yielding crops, field beans and peas, has been stressed. On the national level the FATS Group of the 7th Plan considers that by 1980 oil - and protein - yielding crops may cover 25 % of our protein requirements, compared with 15.7 % in 1974. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 116 Number: 350977 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350977 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350977/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2451.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350977 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gatel, P. Title: Les sources de protéines pour l'alimentation animale : bilan général de l'approvisionnement et apport particulier des céréales Abstract: Stuffs a general survey of supply and the particular contribution of cereal crops - In the satisfaction of protein demand, the general survey for France shows up the preponderance of coarse, home-produced fodder. Ruminants are the main consumers of protein products and are also the main producers of animal protein. The sudden stoppage in protein imports, even if it is a nuisance, will not jeopardize animal production. A rise in the price of oil-cake (the 1973 crisis) leads to an increase in animal production costs that is much less than the anarchic variations in animal product prices. The protein supply must be examined in the overall context of the animal production policy and not only analyzed as a food problem. Cereal crops are a source of protein products for non-ruminants (54 % of the demand). The choice of one or other variety of cereal makes less oil-cake necessary. The late use of nitrogen manure might be a means of improving the protein content of wheat. For pigs, by using cereals, one third of the quantity of oil-cake can be saved without having an adverse effect on the quality of the production. The feeding of ruminants can have alternative solutions such as the use of « cereals and urea ». Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 116 Number: 350978 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350978 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350978/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2452.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350978 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wintrebert, J. Title: Les perspectives de développement de la production de canne à sucre Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 116 Number: 350979 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350979 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350979/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2454.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350979 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Compte rendu des travaux du groupe « sucre » Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 116 Number: 350980 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350980 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350980/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2455.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350980 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pluvinage, Jean Title: Le point de vue des éleveurs devant la crise Abstract: What is the stock-breeders' attitude towards the crisis ? There are two ways of finding out - the best being to ask them. One can also obtain some sort of answer by looking at a few statistics. One then sees that milk production seems to have dropped in 1973 and 1974 and one of the causes is the decline in the distribution of concentrated feeding stuffs, as the drop in sales of feeding stuffs for dairy cows shows, the consumption ratio dropping from 200 on Jan. 1 1973 to 170 at the end of 1973 and all 1974. This is confirmed by surveys carried out amongst stock-breedeirs who have often tended to reduce their purchases. On the other hand many stockbreeders have increased their herds to meet the increase in fixed costs. Finally the general tendency in small-scale stock-breeding regions has resulted in more stock but less output. Where farms are bigger and the land is partly arable, the tendency has been rather to cut down on stock-breeding in favour of cereal production. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 116 Number: 350981 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350981 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350981/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2457.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350981 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiede, Günther Title: Capacité de l'agriculture européenne et son avenir Abstract: Science and technology have already modified farming considerably. With the help of 100,000 research workers all over the world they are remodelling the future of farming along the lines described by the writer in .Europe's Green Future. The farming world of tomorrow will again change completely, doubling the yield of vegetable and animal production during the coming decades. But commercial outlets will not increase in the same proportions. The home market can hardly increase. European farming is not competitive on the world market. In the long term, the developing countries do not count as buyers. Moreover, free,, long-term food aid is not in the interests of these countries. Consequently, European agricultural capacity must not be increased, but, on the contrary, be reduced gradually by freezing the land under cultivation and even by reducing livestock. This is why farms and regions which are unprofitable should no longer be subsidized. The structural change in European farming that has long been necessary should be speeded up by a system of « pressures and encouragements ». For this reason financial assistance to retiring farmers is indispensable. Because of technical progress the prospects for farmers running modern farms in better production areas remain favourable. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 116 Number: 350982 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350982 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350982/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2459.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350982 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Spitzer, H. Title: Aspects futurs de l'utilisation des terres peu fertiles Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 116 Number: 350983 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350983 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350983/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2460.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350983 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buchholz, H. E. Title: Possibilités d'écoulement sur le marché mondial des excédents futurs de l'Europe Abstract: World agricultural markets are characterized by increasing instability. It is, therefore, difficult to work out valid projections. In spite of this, it is almost sure that the gap in food availabilities between developed and developing countries will become more profound over the next 15-20 years. The main problem of the world food situation thus consists in finding an appropriate regional balance of supply and demand. Regional inbalances exist on the world market for primary commodities such as grains, sugar, milk and milk products ; and these inbalances are expected to aggravate. Trends of EEC agricultural production indicate that within the EEC surpluses will prevail with these same products. Commercial outlets for such surpluses on the world market will be restricted, whatever the future level of world market prices will be. (a) Given a low price level EEC production is not competetive ; (b) given a high price level the potential buying countries of the third world lack puchasing power. In both situations increased food aid could be an outlet. This, however, is costly and also raises a number of yet largely unsolved organizational problems. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 116 Number: 350984 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350984 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350984/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2461.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350984 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bechet, Pierre Title: La demande alimentaire des pays en voie de développement Keywords: Food Security and Poverty, International Development Volume: 116 Number: 350985 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350985 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350985/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2462.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350985 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 116 Number: 350986 Year: 1976 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350986 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350986/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1976_num_116_1_2463.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350986 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Latarjet, B. Title: Structures agricoles et espace Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 117 Number: 350987 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350987 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350987/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2464.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350987 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Claude Title: Aménagement du territoire, le VIIe plan Abstract: In spite of the difficulties resulting from the economic crisis the authorities have shown their desire to improve living conditions by giving great importance to country planning and environment in the seventh plan. Its aims are to rebalance large units and small establishments, town and country, East and West regions, and the protection of our national heritage. But the proposals do not always seem adequate. Moreover it seems necessary to aim at another type of growth from that of the past 20 years, which is not easy to attain as the various economic and social agents are not in total agreement. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 117 Number: 350988 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350988 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350988/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2465.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350988 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bauer, G. Title: Campagnes suburbaines, villes s'éparpillant : que connaît-on du phénomène rurbain ? Abstract: how much is known of the « rurban » phenomenon ? - In a recent book, the writer of this article has tried to sum up what is known and what still remains to be found out about a fairly recent but already very noticeable change in the organization of our country. — An increasing number of families, of town origin and behaviour, are going to live 20, sometimes 30 kms. from town where they lived until then and where the husband still has his job and where he returns every day. Who are they ? Is it of their own free will or are they obliged to live there ? How do those affected by this rurbanization react ? Will it last ? One is surprized at first to realize how little such a large-scale movement has so far attracted the attention of those who tWnk out plan and administer town and country planning. This îack of interest itself raises questions. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 117 Number: 350989 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350989 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350989/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2466.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350989 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roux, Jean-Michel Title: Dévitalisation d'un pays : données quantitatives, une méthode et un exemple Abstract: This article first makes a distinction amongst regions that are mainly ,rural between «rurban» areas -and «deep» rural areas. An attempt is made to evaluate the coherence, the living particularities and the future of «deep» but not totally deserted rural areas, in other words of 50 % of France. In order to do this,, the winter begins with the historical region. A network of statistical indicators concerning social, economic and cultural problems is assembled, some of them worked out and collected specially for this study. These indicators are used in a method of automatic cartography and comparison. From the example chosen, which seems fairly generalisable, the survey brings to light the relative economic unity of the small region,, and a deterioration of amenities and of non-agricultural services and activities that is less serious than is often feared. But the fact that the modernization of farming inevitably leads to fewer rural inhabitants and the devitalization of the countryside, to a decline in the population, the subordination of the region to the central authority and the break up of local culture, do not encourage one to be optimistic with with regard to the future. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 117 Number: 350990 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350990 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350990/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2467.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350990 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbichon, Guy Title: Industrie et rurbanisation : aspects sociologiques Abstract: One must distinguish between the often conflicting motivations of those concerned by industry's invasion of rural areas. The very varied reactions to industry are better understood if one considers the notion of local industrial culture, illustrated here by the presentation of five actual cases. The successive discrepancies in the behaviour and mobility of workers and the plans of the entrepreneurs and the planners are described. The limits of the factory-in-the-fields model are made clear in an analysis of the relationship between the rural protagonists — natives or of town origin — and the town which leads to rurbawzation. The effect of the exhaustion of the supply of farm labour is pointed out, both in the increase in concentrated rurbanization and in the antagonisms between agricultural interests and rural industrial development. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 117 Number: 350991 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350991 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350991/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2468.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350991 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chassague, M.-E. Title: Aspects fonciers de l'aménagement de l'espace rural Abstract: The feudal and peasant conceptions of land ownership have evolved towards m&rcanWe forms. Land is a marketable commodity and it is its price which rules the social and economic division of space. The land policy of local authorities tends to serve as a corrective to this mechanism, which results in favouring the most profitable uses of land to the disadvantage of farm and forest. It tends to introduce a voluntary economy of space depending on planning aims. In rural areas these aims concern the complementarity of — or the competition between — farm development and the development of other activities, in other words between the various functions that society expects rural land to fullfill : the production of goods the basis for activities, scenery, environment etc. Land ownership is often the farming sector's only bargaining power; a sector dominated both economically and socially. Moreover the increase of land values which historically was used as a means of rural development, is tending to no longer be controlled by local rural land owners. This is why land owners widely resist the present official land policy, the social utility of which is often contested. In fact, land policy must take into account the needs of the farm economy together with other needs. From this point of view three strategies can be proposed concerning the land policy aspects of the planning of three main types of zones : areas of urban pressure, devitalized areas and areas of rural development. The first will requide arbitration between conflicting land uses ; the second will require restrictions on a colonial type of land conquest and the third an organization of the coexistence of complementary functions. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use Volume: 117 Number: 350992 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350992 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350992/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2469.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350992 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bublot, G. Title: Autoroutes et espace rural belges : aspects économiques .... Abstract: The article first describes the general characteristics of the Belgian motorway system and recent developments. It situates the general conceptions on which the building of these motorways is based in the political context. It then gives some data concerning the cost of construction and upkeep, and then considers the delicate question of whether they pay their way. Secondly, the economic impact of the motorways on farming is examined. The loss of land the accompanying decline in income are certainly the most obvious consequences but not the most serious. The moral prejudice — the redeployment of farmers whose land has been compulsarily purchased, the destruction of the landscape, the harmful effects of all kinds of pollution, the spoiling of beauty spots, the cutting off of farms... are much more important aspects. In conclusion, the writer proposes an economic interpretation of the continual and irreversible decline in the area of land farmed and suggests that the optimum size of the Belgian motorway network should be defined scientifically. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 117 Number: 350993 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350993 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350993/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2470.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350993 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Laboulaye, J.-B. Title: Direction départementale de l'Equipement et aménagement de l'espace rural Abstract: As the Ministre de l'Equipement is the minister responsible for town-planning, one might think that the DDE are concerned only with « towns», rural space being for them only a negative quantity, a « blank» zone not used by the policies they devise. In fact, if specific means of rural planning independent of the Ministère de l'Equipement do exist, the legal means employed by the DDE (in particular the POS) on the other hand, are not specifically connected with town-planning. A DDE, therefore, has responsibilities with regard to country planning that it can discharge only in collaboration with those responsible for farming and the countryside (DDA, Chambre d'Agriculture). This collaboration is all the more necessary that it is impossible to consider separately the problems of the towns and of the countryside. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 117 Number: 350994 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350994 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350994/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2471.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350994 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lieberherr, Françoise Title: Du monologue technocratique aux initiatives locales : transformations des réglons de montagne en Suisse Abstract: Everywhere in the modern world are diffused the stereotyped pictures of a single development pattern : growth, consummation, concentration, conditioning. Are the transforming mountain regions going to tend to the extreme and barren ways of banalization and colonisation ? Concrete experiments are trying to go out of the directive, planning and dominant tracks. As the very inventors for their life and their plans mountainers refuse automatized figurant roles ordered from outside. They don't allow themselves to be condemned either to folk-museum ideologies or to idealistic but unrealistic Utopia, in spite of external « deciders » being often rational and managing. As living and creative actors they modernize themselves mountain. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 117 Number: 350995 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350995 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350995/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2472.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350995 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 117 Number: 350996 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350996 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350996/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_117_1_2473.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350996 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piatier, André Author-Name: Madec, J. Title: Comment et pourquoi définir un espace rural Abstract: How can one characterise « country » in comparison with built up areas and why should it be defined ? Research into intercommunal relations and the criteria of rurality » is an attempt to answer these questions. A survey who carried out of each of the 37000 French « communes » with less than 20000 inhabitants close to the main towns, based on a questionnaire of 880 questions. This enabled a « data bank » to be set up which is at the disposal of the planning specialists. This survey challenges the use of the demographic criterion alone as a definition of the country. In France the INSEE considers as urban all the communes with more than 2000 inhabitants round the main towns. It is probable that if such a criterion were applied in Germany or the Netherlands, the « country » in these countries would disappear altogether. The research mentioned is on the contrary based on an analysis with several criteria. The factors taken into account are qualitative rather than quantitative and concern phenomena related not only to the economic activity but also to the various aspects of the life of the people in the area. A typology of the communes and of the degrees of « rurality » is thus arrived at which improve our knowledge of the situation and lead to more rational town and country planning. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 118 Number: 350997 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350997 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350997/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2474.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350997 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rochas, J. Title: Aménager le territoire... Avec quels hommes ? Richesses et contraintes démographiques Abstract: When, thanks to its fertility and foreing immigration, the population of France increased by leaps and bounds, the choice of directing this growth towards underpopulated or depopulated areas was not made. Town and country planning tended, on the contrary, to develop a limited number of big towns; farming families left the land in even greater numbers and the « bulge » reached adulthood. This has led to an increasing number of people leaving for the towns over the past ten years. Today, French fertility has dropped, foreing immigration has been suspended and urban growth which had been very rapid before, has diminished. The fact that today fewer farming families leave the land will underline this decrease, for the drop in the number of births in rural areas that has been observed over 28 years leads to a decrease year after year In the number of young country-dwellers reaching adulthood. But the concentration in the past of employment in big centres encourages the future implantation in these centres of new jobs created, at least in the context of present legislation. This fact is in total contradiction with the State's aim to halt rural depopulation. Only compulsory measures to limit the creation of jobs in big towns and to encourage their distribution throughout the country can stop this depopulation. Such action is urgent for even if the depopulation of rural areas by migration is stopped, the active rural population is bound to diminish because of depopulation in the past and because of the resulting drop in births. A development of the whole of France is possible. The means for this exist. What is needed is will power, determination and imagination. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 118 Number: 350998 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350998 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350998/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2475.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350998 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Le second congrès européen des économistes ruraux Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 118 Number: 350999 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.350999 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/350999/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_4313.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:350999 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gueslin, André Title: Le Crédit Agricole et l'espace régional Abstract: The purpose of this article is to study a little-known aspect of the Crédit Agricole — its regional aspect. The surveys published so far are mainly interested in the global aspect or in a geographically limited whole. The writer attempts to demonstrate the importance of rural areas in the gathering of their funds. He demonstrates, with several indicators, that agricultural factors have an importance in the internal distribution of deposits. By using the method of localization quotients he shows a certain geographical concentration of their funds compared with the banking sector. The writer then considers the employment of these funds. The Crédit Agricole's role in farming areas is obvious because it is specified in its statutes which underwent a slight modification in 1971. The geographical concentration is even clearer. The Gini index reaches 0.517. The writer shows that loans seem to increase the richer the agricultural possibilities of the region. Globally this static approach shows that the traditional cleavage between farming France and industrial France still exists. In view of the available statistics the writer cautiously concludes that the Crédit Agricole has little effect on compensation. Finally, he raises the question of regional growth and the discrepancies to which it gives rise. He shows that poor farming areas have developed the Crédit Agricole. A synthetic graph enables this phenomenon to be explained by competition between banks which may well be more active in dynamic agricultural regions. The graph also shows that there are more deposits in town areas. In conclusion the writer considers the future. In 1974 the Crédit Agricole declined in comparison with the banking sector. He asks the question without being able to give an answer for the moment. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 118 Number: 351000 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351000 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351000/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2477.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351000 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tourny, Ph. Title: L'industrialisation rurale au service du développement local en Europe Occidentale Abstract: In Western Europe rural regions have been neglected by growth. Some of them have their own industrial structure which is often of long-standing. For the others industrialization has seemed for some years to be a means of development and balance. The present implantation of firms in rural areas concerns areas close to sources of energy and raw materials, near big towns and big industrial centres or in rich but little builtup rural areas, or else in the depths of the country. The nature of the relationship between the collectivity and the firm must be revised. The sporadic initiatives taken by the « communes » give way to national initiatives and other intercommunal experiments. In underprivileged areas technical assistance (by the collectivity or by the State) is necessary. The most rural areas practically never manage to unite all these elements. Rural industrialization can contribute to planning and development if the responsibility of the collectivities is real, if the inhabitants are consulted and feel committed to the projects that concern them. Keywords: International Development Volume: 118 Number: 351001 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351001 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351001/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2478.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351001 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Venard, J.-L. Title: La demande de services ruraux : besoins et symboles. L'exemple des transports en commun Abstract: Plans for an improvement in public transport networks in the countryside have developed considerably in France during the last few years. The article presented here gives an account of observations made during a survey in the Pays d'Othe (Aube) in oider to analyse the demand for public transport in an area representative of the average French rural zone. It consists of two parts which correspond to : 1. the conclusions of a poll based on a representative sampling intended to gather data on the households possessing cars, the type and frequency of their journeys, means of transport used and opinions on public transport. 2. The information gleaned from the analysis of the contents of some forty interviews. The article shows the importance of the symbolic value of public transport and the types of representation common to the milieu observed, and brings out a particular structuralization of talk about transport, which is the main conclusion of this analysis. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 118 Number: 351002 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351002 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351002/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2479.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351002 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Title: Propriété foncière et lutte de classe Abstract: The structure of french agricultural production laid traditionally on an antagonisme between a landowner class and the peasantry class. As a rentier, the non-peasant landowner does not invest. Invest is the fact of farmer alone who realizes by this way the increasing of agriculture productivity. Consequently the bourgeois landowner is disreputed and eliminated. As a substitude for the old struggle of class between landowners and peasants appears a new struggle of class inside the peasantry. By means of land policy and of the establishments who bring it into operation, the state gives himself the project of managing the struggle. The sharpness of this conflict creates at the present time an important rise of land prices and peasant debt. This problem will only have partial and temporary solution, untill the conditions of participation of agriculture in national productivity growth will change. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 118 Number: 351003 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351003 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351003/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2480.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351003 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Espaces forestiers et espaces pastoraux : le pâturage en forêt Abstract: The joint and respective organization of pastoral and forest areas can be approached in terms of many different objectives, according to whether the aim is to produce meat (what kind of meat ?), wood (what kind of wood ?), or to preserve the landscape, to ensure that the water supply is controlled (in whose favour ?), to ensure that the area is permanently populated, to hold certain areas in reserve for the future, to preserve certain local balances that regional or national objectives may disregard. The superposition of forest and pastoral uses is no doubt likely to contribute to several of these objectives being realized. It is a means of increasing the ability of mountain agricultural systems to resist external agression as long as the conflicts it might give rise to within these systems do not lead to ineradicable antagonisms. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 118 Number: 351004 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351004 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351004/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2481.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351004 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Broussolle, Claude Title: L'aménagement de l'espace agricole : le remembrement en zone bocagère Abstract: In farming the choice of crop and the quality and quantity of the production depend on the climate and on the agronomic characteristics of the unit of space-time used. They also depend on the distribution in time and the intensity of the flow of goods and services applied to it. Hence the problem posed by country planning is that of making the structures fit the flux, taking into account the possible markets, the techniques used and the constraints imposed by the environment and the protection of the landscape. The analysis of the flows observed in a planning zone shows that the process studied is Markovian. Taking into account the diversity of the crops and their succession in time, the situation can be expressed by saying that the probability of the immobilization of the circulating capital is that of the time the production cycles last. For each category the minimum number of pieces of land necessary for the total financing possibilities to cover the expenses is calculated. By combining the different categories and by retaining only the combination that maximizes farm income in the zone, the pieces of land to be improved, those to be left as they are and those to be developed are determined. An overall plan can be considered as complete when the last element of the proposed restructuring does not increase the income of the zone, or would lead to a modification of a group of pieces of land whose transformation is out of the question for pedological, agronomic or legal reasons, or because of the protection of the landscape. As the sub-group these pieces of land make up has no significance except as part of the system to which it belongs, the restructuring operation comes to an end when this sub-group is concerned. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 118 Number: 351005 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351005 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351005/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2482.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351005 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prod'homme, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Vincent, Jean Title: Des ruraux et des projets d'aménagement de l'espace rural Abstract: For the past ten years or so, a deliberate planning policy has been undertaken in France, concerning rural space either directly or in connection with urban centres. All the country-dwellers in the regions to which these plans apply are therefore, in theory, concerned ; but most of them do not in fact consider themselves concerned, or only slightly. The writers of this paper, basing their argument on surveys carried out during four planning projects in a « department » in the Paris basin, point out the gap between these projects and the opinions and aspirations of the inhabitants. This leads to a consideration of the way projects are worked out and decisions made. Several types of social groups have different roles to play in the implementation of town and country planning, but it rarely corresponds to a real confrontation of the projects and expectations of all the groups. A dominant influence is apparent, cutting across both urban and rural social circles, and usually opposed to the current rising from a collective desire for development. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 118 Number: 351006 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351006 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351006/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2483.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 118 Number: 351007 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351007 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351007/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_118_1_2484.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351007 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arnoux, L. Author-Name: Sches, C. Title: Secteur agro-alimentaire, système: Les mutations du système agro-alimentaire Abstract: The present structure of agri-business tends ta produce very sophisticated foods, hence the demand for stable, half-finished, partially substitutable industrial products. But the economic uncertainties of farming remain. The initial processing industries, and also « newcomers » from the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors have a two-fold function : to absorb these uncertainties and to extract from agricultural raw materials and waste standard products for the agricultural and food industries lower down the line and for the chemical sectors. A methodology seems necessary. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 119 Number: 351008 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351008 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351008/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4314.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351008 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Attonaty, J.-M. Author-Name: Gaillon, P. Author-Name: Rayon, R. Title: Economie des entreprises: Application des techniques de simulation à la gestion de l'entreprise Abstract: The presentation of simulation models called automatized budget programmes ; their aims with regard to the farmer, to his advisors, to the research-worker ; and their application in practice. The PCA (short-terme dairy forecasting programme) as an instrument in development and PLANFI (mean-term economic and financial forecasting programme) as a means of analysing the individual farm. Keywords: Farm Management, Agribusiness Volume: 119 Number: 351009 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351009 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351009/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4315.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bajan, Konrad Title: Démographie, structures: La population biprofessionnelle en agriculture Abstract: The industrialisation of Poland took place by taking a considerable part of the labour force from farming (5.1 million people). A new category of farmers have two jobs. In 1970 one farmer in three had two places of work and two sources of income. Out of 3.4 million farm-owners 1.4 million live in the country and work outside farming. The problems of housing, social life, work, culture posed by this category influence the general and economic development of the country and consequently farming itself. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 119 Number: 351010 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351010 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351010/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4316.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351010 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barrichon, G. Author-Name: Delbos, Geneviève Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Les décisions d'orientation et la réorganisation du système de vie des agriculteurs mutant, rapportées au contexte communal d'origine Abstract: The type of response made by a community like that of farmers leaving farming, to constraints and social and economic needs that impose change, tends towards the main component factors of an essentially farming tradition remaining. The two-fold process of differentiation and adjustment in the move from farming to non-farming is studied through an analysis of the decisions concerning the orientation and reorganization of the way of life and of the values of farmers leaving farming in the original communal hackground. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351011 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351011 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351011/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4317.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351011 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Author-Name: Boinon, Jean-Pierre Title: Préparation au VIIe Plan: Lutte des classes, propriété et rente foncière Abstract: The class struggle in rural areas has long opposed peasants and a class of big land-owners that has gradually disappeared with the modernization of farming. The struggle for land increasingly opposes farmer and farmer. With a view to maximum farm productivity society as a whole makes use of this conflict and attempts to produce the conditions for competition between farmers. But a new form of competition for space is growing up between urban and rural activities. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 119 Number: 351012 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351012/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4318.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351012 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beaucourt, Chantal Title: Marchés, organisation commerciale: La politique céréalière de l'URSS en 1976-1980 Abstract: How will the USSR meet its own and its European partners' grain demands between 1976 and 1980 ? What will be the consequences on the Western grain market ? Between now and 1980 the Soviet Union could become self-sufficient and could import enough to cover its partners' needs, in other words half as much as in 1971-1975. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 119 Number: 351013 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351013/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4319.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351013 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bechet, Pierre Title: Préparation au VIIe Plan: L'option productiviste du VIIe Plan Abstract: The forecasts in connection with the 7th plan have shown a continued rise in agricultural production at the same rate as during the last 15 years, i.e. 3 % p. a. In view of the gradual saturation of French and European food demands, is this possible in view of the EEC 's policy which is more concerned with ensuring its own supplies as cheaply as possible than with stimulating export-orientated farming ? Keywords: Food Security and Poverty, Productivity Analysis Volume: 119 Number: 351014 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351014/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4320.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benoit-Cattin, Michel Title: Tiers-monde: Effets socio-économiques du progrès technique sur des exploitations agricoles au Sénégal Abstract: An attempt has been made to test the technical proposals for intensification made by tropical agricultural research to illustrate their efficiency. The process of experimental development implemented since 1969 in two ground-nut cooperatives in Senegal has provided much information about socioeconomic dynamics in rural areas. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 119 Number: 351015 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351015/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4321.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351015 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Préparation au VIIe Plan: Le problème foncier dans le VIIe Plan Abstract: The financing of land purchases is the kind of problem that arises with every generation. But it may become particulary acute in the years to come for, on the one hand, farms are growing larger and, on the other, the price of land is increasing. The priority financing of land may well therefore jeopardize modernization and hence the productivity progress of part of French agriculture. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 119 Number: 351016 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351016/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4322.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351016 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Théodore Title: Tiers-monde: La promotion des couches rurales pauvres en Inde Abstract: The failure of the green revolution to which a new impetus was given in 1970 can be explained by the political problem of electing responsible groups,- by the public services' inability to suppress abuses, by the uneconomic nature of farms that are too small. The future depends much more on industrial development. Keywords: Food Security and Poverty Volume: 119 Number: 351017 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351017/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4323.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertheas, M.-P. Author-Name: Brette, C. Title: Secteur agro-alimentaire, système: Système et filière de l'oeuf de consommation Abstract: The ordinary egg is produced by an industrial-type system, the characteristics of which lead both to an atomiza- tion and to a concentration of its production. In this production-line (laying-production-processing) new firms and structures are set up, based on non-agricultural capital. The problems of restructurization, management and organization of these firms are studied and analysed. Keywords: Agribusiness, Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 119 Number: 351018 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351018/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4387.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351018 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boisseau, Pierre Title: Développement agricole: Méthode et développement local Abstract: Local rural development depends on the personal and collective basic training and education of all those working in the countryside. It consists in forming craftsmen in order to enable them to overcome problems of growth and to enable all villagers to take advantage of the teaching of self-expression and social contact. The primary school should once more become a centre of local activity. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351019 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351019/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4328.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351019 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laporte, D. Author-Name: Boulet, J.-P. Title: Secteur agro-alimentaire, système: L'économie des boissons en France Abstract: The study of the drinks sector in France over the period 1968-1975, shows up a two-fold tendency : in a globally expanding market, the development of each group of products brings to light modifications in the eating habits and in the way of life of the consumers. The firm's strategy is to adapt themselves to the modifications of the market or (for the main firms) to encourage changes in demand. Hence a retructurization of the firms, with a tendency towards oligopolization. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 119 Number: 351020 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351020 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351020/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4326.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351020 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Title: Préparation au VIIe Plan: Financement des industries agro-alimantaires (IAA) et VIIe Plan, les agriculteurs ont-ils interêt à investir dans l'aval ? Abstract: Two important notes have been circulated concerning the preparation of the 7th Plan, one from the Direction of the IAA (Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires), the other from the CACEPA. They give interesting information about the problem of the financing of the IAA in France and about the difficulties French industry will encounter in the next few years. Possibilities of profits seem restricted (the consumer price freeze, distribution, technological limits and foreign competition). Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance Volume: 119 Number: 351021 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351021 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351021/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4325.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351021 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Bourliaud, Jean Author-Name: Leblanc, J. Title: Tiers-monde: Les conditions du changement en milieu paysannal traditionnel afrucain: une étude économétrique en moyenne casamance Abstract: In order to study the farm policies possible in a small region in Southern Senegal, a model of the traditional behaviour of peasants was built by linear programming. The model was checked and then used to forecast the evolution of the region with different hypotheses. Certain important results were thus brought out : the complementarity of rice and ground nuts, and the role of cotton-growing (in the particular conditions of the area). Keywords: International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351022 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351022 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351022/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4327.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351022 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Foulhouze, I. Author-Name: Over, A.M. Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Un modèle historico-statistique de la production agricole française Abstract: Three econometric models of the French farming sector have been worked out in the last few years : the CMTR model by the "Service d'Etude et de Synthèse" of the ministry of Agriculture, the SIMAGRI model by the "Direction de la Prévision" of the Finance ministry, and the INRA historico-statistical model. The results of this last model compared with the first two underline the need to improve present knowledge of the theory of supply in farming. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 119 Number: 351023 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351023 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351023/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4324.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351023 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Title: Démographie, structures: La pauvreté paysanne Abstract: What are the forms and degrees of poverty among peasants in France ? By what processes is it created and perpetuated ? What is the influence in this respect of economic and social policy ? This short note sets out a few thoughts and remarks on these points. Keywords: Food Security and Poverty Volume: 119 Number: 351024 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351024 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351024/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4329.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351024 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Campagne, Pierre Title: Tiers-monde: Santé et forces productives en milieu rural Abstract: An improvement in health equipment is not enough to raise the level of health. The development indicators available are not adequate. An analysis of the factors governing the level of health is identical with that of the development level of the labour force and therefore the production force. The planning of rural development depends on an exact evaluation of these factors. The object of this, research is to determine the indicators necessary for this evaluation. Keywords: Health Economics and Policy, International Development Volume: 119 Number: 351025 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351025 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351025/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4331.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351025 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carles, Roland Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Analyse des résultats du réseau d'information comptable agricole Abstract: A synoptic presentation of publications concerning the studies and analyses made from the results of the farm accounts information network and organised around the following themes : problems of methodology, linked to the way farm income is measured, analysis of the discrepancies within French farming, analysis of farming systems and sub-groups. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351026 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351026 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351026/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4332.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351026 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chalmin, Philippe Title: Marchés, organisation commerciale: Les points de contrôle de l'économie sucrière mondiale Abstract: An outline of the international sugar economy has been worked out in which heavy economy and marginal economy were distinguished. This outline shows that during decolonization the big sugar firms as far as cane sugar is concerned have chosen, or have been obliged, to abandon their positions on the level of production in favour of the more lucrative positions on the trade, engineering, or seed levels. A strict control, that is impossible even on the level of an oligopols, but that is possible as far as trade is concerned, seems unlikely in the case of an economy that is moving towards autoconsumption. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 119 Number: 351027 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351027 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351027/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4333.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351027 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charon Author-Name: Lambert Title: Economie des entreprises: Panel porcin, élevages naisseurs Abstract: An observation panel for the production of piglets, set up in 1970, is made up of 64 farmers who raise sows (from 10 to 100). This technico-economic survey took 6 years. It shows that whether the production pays its way or not depends essentially on the output of the reproducers and that since 1973 the improvement in output and the increases in selling prices have not been enough to cover increased expenses. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 119 Number: 351028 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351028 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351028/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4335.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351028 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charon Author-Name: Lambert Title: Economie des entreprises: Jours disponibles pour les travaux agricoles en Gascogne Abstract: In 1964 a network of people taking note of days suitable for farm work in Gascony was set up. Every day for ten years farmers recorded the rainfall and the corresponding possibility of work in 9 types of crop used as references. An analysis of the results thus obtained was carried out. The analysis comprises: a compilation of the year's results over 10 years, a frequential survey of these possibilities of work over 10 years and for the most demanding periods of work, an analysis of the main explanatory variables. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351029 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351029 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351029/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4337.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351029 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chevalier, Jacques Title: Aménagement et espace: Espace vécu et société: recherche dans le bocage normand Abstract: In this survey the concept of "lived space" (the fréquentation and representation of space by different social classes) is used in order to attempt a new approach to the Normandy Bocage. The survey shows that the organization, fréquentation and the representations of this space correspond to a certain structurization of society and that they develop parallel with social changes following recent economic changes. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351030 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351030 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351030/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4334.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351030 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Gaillard, B. Author-Name: Ruffin, J.C. Title: Economie des entreprises: Combinaison optimale ente la terre et l'eau pour le développement de la production laitière en zone méditérranéenne Abstract: Fodder models for dairy production in an irrigated area in Algeria are defined following the results of experiments from 1967 to 1975. The efficiency of the water varies according to the irrigation seasons ; the solutions are adapted to the land and water available; forms of complementarity between dry and irrigated zones are defined. The consequences for the organization of animal production, the relationship between irrigation and the formation of the producers determine these choices. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 119 Number: 351031 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351031 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351031/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4336.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351031 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cournut-Winter Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Le modèle SIMAGRI Abstract: The SIMAGRI model enables the long-term (1985) evolution of French agriculture to be determined in respect of its population, production, income and financing in relation to a body of hypotheses worked out by the decision-maker concerning certain agricultural policy variables of action (prices, financial policy). Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351032 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351032 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351032/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4330.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351032 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Couffin, C. Author-Name: Belloc, Bernard Author-Name: Castagnet, G. Title: Economie des entreprises: La méthode budgétaire appliquée à la gestion des exploitations Abstract: In order to simplify administrative work and to give it maximum efficienty it is necessary to show up the various items of expenses and receipts clearly and the margins which do not comply with reasonable objectives (exceptions) and also how great the gap is (disparity). The measurement of such "disparities" and the pointing out of "exceptions" by means of a permanent budgetary control are the most frequently used management "tools". Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management Volume: 119 Number: 351033 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351033 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351033/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4338.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351033 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coutel, J.M. Title: Démographie, structures: Fiscalité et évolution des structures agricoles Abstract: Until the early 1960's farm taxation was fully adapted to small-scale production methods and encouraged this method of production in farming. But recent tax reforms (especially VAT and taxation on real profits) have strongly encouraged part of farming to move towards industrial production methods. Present tax policy does not seem likely to foster a revival of small-scale « family » farming with « personal responsibility ». How can a new tax policy be worked out to achieve this end ? Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 119 Number: 351034 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351034 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351034/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4343.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351034 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deffontaines, Jean-Pierre Title: Aménagement et espace: Evolution des exploitations agricoles et transformation de l'espace Abstract: Analyses carried out in the Vosges (types of farm and the behaviour of farmers with regard to planning) suggest that it would be wise to divide the region into landscape units. On this scale certain relationships between farmers and space can be better grasped. On the level of action, do not these landscape units limit those areas where the farmers (or even the inhabitants) are most likely to be concretely interested by its transformation? Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 119 Number: 351035 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351035 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351035/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4348.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351035 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delcaire, J.R. Title: Marchés, organisation commerciale: Avenir des mesures protectionnistes sur les échanges de conserves agro-alimentaires: les champignons de Paris Abstract: As soon as a foodstuff can be canned price variations can jeopardize interprofessional organizations. What steps can be taken to solve this crisis ? The rich countries accuse the "over-cheap" labour of developing countries ; but the differences between cost price and sale price also depend on monetary factors. The rich countries must therefore find a solution which takes into account the tendency of the CNUCED to abolish protectionism — agreements with «poors» producing countries and agressive marketing. Keywords: Agribusiness, Industrial Organization Volume: 119 Number: 351036 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351036 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351036/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4347.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351036 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deniel, Jacques Title: Marchés, organisation commerciale: Interaction entre les marchés de production et de consommation du porc Abstract: Pork prices (class 111) noted in 1975-1976 (33 weeks) on the five auction markets in Brittany and in Paris (Rungis), Nantes, Lille, Lyons, Toulouse, have undergone statistical analysis to bring out the reciprocal influences of the markets, the extent of variations. Some explanations are proposed for the phenomena recorded. Keywords: Industrial Organization, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 119 Number: 351037 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351037 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351037/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4344.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351037 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Denis, Marie-Noële Title: Démographie, structures: Les enseignements de l'étude démographique à Hunawihr, village bi-confessionnel d'Alsace Abstract: In a wine-growing village in Alsace, a selective population survey over a century enables the role of the two religious communities, protestant and catholic, in the evolution of the total population and of the social and professional categories, to be distinguished. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351038 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351038 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351038/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4340.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351038 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dore, A. Title: Analyses de zones déprimées: Les zones déprimées en Bourgogne Abstract: In Burgundy the population, sparse in comparison with the whole of France, is, except for Dijon, distributed amongst a few small centres and scattered among many, often very small villages. The departure of the population, especially of young people, the low birth rate and the increasing age of the population lead to the creation of very depressed areas with essentially rural inhabitants. The "Morvan" which is representative of these zones, is studied particulary. An alarming devitalization is found there. Will the State aid to underprivileged areas included in the 7th Plan be sufficient to reverse this trend in time ? Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351039 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351039 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351039/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4345.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351039 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Drouet, Michel Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Plan de reconversion lait-viande et équilibre du marché de la viande bovine Abstract: By means of an econometric model, the Direction de la Prévision has attempted to estimate the consequences of the "anti-milk" policy operating in 1969-1970-1971 on the stability of the beef market and to determine the conditions that a plan to regulate dairy prodution would have to satisfy to avoid an unstabilizing effect. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 119 Number: 351040 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351040 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351040/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4339.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351040 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fiette, André Author-Name: Moreau Title: Aménagement et espace: Atlas de Picardie Abstract: A commentary on several maps in the Atlas of Picardy : population, structures, and farm production. The reduction in farming population over the past 140 years and the structures and production show opposition between areas of advanced farming which are sparsely populated and more densely populated pasture areas. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351041 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351041 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351041/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4341.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351041 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fournier, Ph. Author-Name: Gilg, Jean-Paul Author-Name: Lenco, Michel Title: Environnement, écologie: Nouvelle source d'information, la télédétection pour l'occupation de l'espace, l'eau et l'environnement Abstract: Télédétection, a means of observing space on earth from the distance, has its own limits and advantages. An experiment carried out from the air in 1974-1975 in the department of the Bouches du Rhône and progress in space technology have led to the development of estimation and management methods (space use, water, ressources, environnement and nuisances) by télédétection being made part of an interministerial framework for the period 1976-1980. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351042 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351042 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351042/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4342.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351042 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fremeaux, J.P. Title: Développement agricole: Comportement d'adaptation et d'innovation Abstract: A survey for the SUAD of la Manche department was intended to analyse the refusal of a majority of farmers in one "commune" to innovate and to accept a CUMA for the dehydration of lucerne. The initial hypotheses were based on the characteristics of the innovation and the innovators. But that is not enough. The present survey proposes a method of analysis and a number of explanatory concepts that link the characteristics of the innovation and of the innovators (as seen by those concerned) with the development of their social and economic education, which enable the refusal of innovation to be explained. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351043 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351043 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351043/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4346.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351043 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gignoux Author-Name: Domont Author-Name: Lambert, Roger Title: Démographie, structures: Restructuration foncière par échanges aimables multilatéraux Abstract: The regrouping of land by voluntary exchanges because of its adaptability and rapidity is the best way of improving land structures. The low cost to those farmers who exchange land leads to the investment expenses being recouped very quickly. For the State the results show a balance of additional income and expenses. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 119 Number: 351044 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351044 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351044/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4357.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351044 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guellec, Agnès Title: Aménagement et espace: Espace rural et cadre départemental: l'exemple des Côtes-du-Nord Abstract: In the Cotes du Nord, the coast (l'armor) has always been richer than the inland regions (l'argoat). Since 1955 this traditional opposition has acquired a new meaning : small progressive areas have modified geography. A certain frame of mind has appeared amongst the farmers, whether "gallos" or breton-s peaking. The evolution and the present meaning of this two-fold division armor-argoat and gallos-breton-speaking in the Cotes du Nord are the subject of this study. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351045 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351045 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351045/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4349.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351045 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guigou, Jean-Louis Title: Aménagement et espace: Formes de l'espace économique et de l'espace social Abstract: Socio-economic space in its constitution and evolution is the result of a dialectical process — economic space is in conflict with that of other social activities. Would it not be possible to rehabilitate a certain social space — the countryside — so that it can constitute a counter weight to balance the hegemony of economic factors ? Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351046 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351046 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351046/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4356.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351046 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacobi, Daniel Author-Name: Orivel, F. Title: Formation: L'évaluation des formations continues au secteur agricole. Le cas du brevet professionnel «promotion sociale» (BPA) Abstract: In 1974 most of the 18.000 part-time students on longterm courses (71.000 students in all in "formation continue", further studies and training during working hours) make up level V. Usually they are working for a BP (26 options) made up of 3 certificates of 200 hours. This survey began in January 1976. It attempts to evaluate the results of these studies, i.e. to check on their ability to attain the goals that are 'supposed to be those of adult education in farming. The survey concerns those students who obtained the BP in farming-stockbreeding. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 119 Number: 351047 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351047 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351047/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4351.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351047 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kalaora, Bernard Title: Environnement, écologie: L'usage des forêts péri-urbaines et leur perception: objet d'appropriation sociale (exemple de Fontainebleau) Abstract: Forest leisure space, public-owned but high-quality space cannot be privately purchased (this is the case for the state-owned forests round Paris, Fontainebleau for example). But this space is threatened by overcrowding and by its being opened to all social categories. The elite which is the biggest consumer of space has attempted to use all kinds of strategies and tactic to retain the privilege of the use of these woods. These tactics and their appearance in a given historical context, the link between the social practice of the most elitist users of these woods and the conception the bodies whose rôle is to organize and plan leisure have of their task are the subjects of this study. The Forest of Fontainebleau attracted our attention particularly because it is typical of the ideal of the Leisure-Forest in the Paris area. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351048 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351048 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351048/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4352.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351048 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Aménagement et espace: Typologie de l'utilisation des sols Abstract: The land-use map published in 1955 was due to be brought up-to-date. The new map, like the old one, makes use of the method of intensity coefficients, but the computer enables an automatic classification to be made, the interpretation of which is of great interest. One could go further and, in particular, remake the 1955 map with the automatic classification. The changes in the definition of "distance" between two regions also increases the possibilities. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 119 Number: 351049 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351049 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351049/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4359.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351049 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koulytchizky, Serge Author-Name: Carlier, E. Title: Secteur agro-alimentaire, coopération: Les effets de la coopération agricole sur sa zone d'influence à travers sa politique d'investissement Abstract: A study of the investments of the agricultural cooperative in France (processes of choice and effects on the development of the cooperative and of its zone of influence) will enable the functioning of a system of decentralized planning to be grasped, in which the decision processes must unite both the autonomy of the basic units and the satisfaction of general needs. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 119 Number: 351050 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351050 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351050/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4353.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351050 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labonne, Michel Title: Tiers-monde: Sécheresse au Sahel, ou la fin et les moyens du développement agricole en Afrique tropicale sèche Abstract: The recent drought in the Sahelian countries struck a rural world that had been in difficulty for many years. An economic policy lacking both determination and resources has jeopardized agricultural development in the Sahelian countries. In view of the population increase the continuation of past methods would lead to an : ecological, economic and social catastrophe. The solutions are to be sought in increased agricultural production, improved conditions of rural life and the active role the international community. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351051 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351051 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351051/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4354.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351051 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de la Breteque-Maurel, C. Title: Aménagement et espace: Types d'organisation de l'espace rural en Russie d'Europe Abstract: What at present are the main elements in the organization of rural space in the Soviet economy ? Do regional differentiations exist and what are their factors ? If one links the study of agricultural production units and the rural population distribution, one discovers the main features of the geographic organization of rural Russian space. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351052 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351052 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351052/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4350.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351052 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laforge, J. Title: Formation: Evaluation de télépromotion rurale est et sud-ouest Abstract: Based on an analysis of the evaluation of TPR in the South-West from 1969 to 1975 the paper proposes general orientations applicable to this frame-work. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 119 Number: 351053 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351053 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351053/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4358.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351053 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Formation: Méthodologie des sessions « dotation d'installations » Abstract: The presentation of a teaching document intended for the teachers in agricultural education centres concerning the aims, contents and methods of «dotation d'installation » (grants for young farmers setting up on their own) sessions for young farmers. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 119 Number: 351054 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351054 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351054/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4355.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351054 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lagache, E. Title: Environnement, écologie: Besoins en eau et développement économique. Essai d'approche méthodologique Abstract: Working out objectives and means of using water, and planning hydraulic equipment to meet future demand, lead to choices that must be prepared. The methodological approach to these questions centres on systems analysis. The method is based on a analysis of water needs and resources ; it determines the main variables and thus enables a possible future to be explored. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351055 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351055 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351055/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4368.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351055 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lebot, Médard Title: Secteur agro-alimentaire, coopération: Finalité coopérative en 1976 Abstract: The cooperative movement is marked by its environment. It is held in check by the instrument it has chosen — the firm. The cooperative movement must approach farmers with a plan. Defining its aims means making a choice with regard to the future. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 119 Number: 351056 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351056 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351056/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4361.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351056 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Coz, Jean Title: Aménagement et espace: Régime capitaliste et organisation de l'espace rural Abstract: In the capitalist system rural space, a negotiable commodity, is submitted to external forces (urban) which lead to a perturbation of the old village society. The authorities attempt to play a regulating role by means of their planning policy (POS, PAR, Region) but their ability to arbitrate, since they cannot control land prices, is inadequate. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 119 Number: 351057 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351057 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351057/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4372.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351057 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lieberherr, Bernard Title: Environnement, écologie: Bases écologiques à un plan du paysage du Jura bernois, Suisse Abstract: A master plan has been drawn up based on 3 ecological maps : potential water pollution, the priority function of forests, natural vocation of farm areas. This information enables human activities to be organized without harming the natural conditions of the environment. The plan has already provided criteria for political development options. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351058 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351058 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351058/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4362.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351058 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lieberherr, Françoise Title: Analyses de zones déprimées: Analyse typologique de communes montagnardes suisses Abstract: Research in progress concerning a global approach to the Swiss moutain region by the method of typological analysis, a scientific instrument for classifying, comparing and explaining, and an operational instrument for the practician. Objectives : to promote an intervention system differentiated according to regional particularities ; to study the socio-economic changes in mountain areas (245 communes covered). Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351059 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351059 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351059/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4373.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351059 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lossouarn, J. Author-Name: Chauvin, Rémy Author-Name: Jousse, A. Title: Secteur agro-alimentaire, coopération: Aspects économiques de l'organisation des productions animales dans une coopérative Abstract: The study attempts to determine the activities of technicians in an animal production cooperative and to estimate the cost of the production organization and of the activities of the technicians. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 119 Number: 351060 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351060 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351060/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4365.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351060 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Analyse normative des fluctuations cycliques de produits agricoles Abstract: The study concerns the normative analysis of the cyclic fluctuation of agricultural products within the theoretical framework of the cobweb and of surpluses. The global evaluation of the loss to society due to the cycle is made according to the scale of variations in prices and quantities. The effects of distribution are also studied : the scale of social loss represents approximately I % of the value of the product in the case of pork. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351061 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351061 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351061/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4370.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351061 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masson, Philippe Title: Développement agricole: Méthode d'approche des études et actions de développement agricole Abstract: The "study-animation" framework proposed is intended to integrate a "rational" approach to the fixing of development proposals (the analysis of the different constraints) in an "animation" process based on the participation of those concerned in the working out of proposals. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351062 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351062 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351062/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4371.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351062 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mégret, Jacques Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Les élevages sans sol Abstract: Stock-breeding enterprises without land belong to different systems (trade or farming) according to where they are implanted. The differences in their situation do not seem justified. In addition, the distinctions made between criteria to be considered are not obvious. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 119 Number: 351063 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351063 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351063/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4363.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351063 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehier, Claude Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Références fourragères dans les systèmes laitiers Abstract: In a sample farm (a dairy farm) a system of measuring and recording was set up to ensure the control of crops, measuring the yield both in the fields and in the stable, the animals' consumption and their yield. It took three years to analyse the system, to propose improvements, follow their introduction and measure their importance. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Industrial Organization Volume: 119 Number: 351064 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351064 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351064/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4369.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351064 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehier, Claude Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Un modèle régionalisé de l'agriculture française Abstract: The possible impact of expected events, and the proposed technical means of counteracting them, are usually measured by models representing farms. A more global model represents French farming in the diversity of its regions and in the framework of the EEC and world markets. The working out of such a model brings to light the lack of statistical information concerning the techniques used by the producers and the lack of knowledge concerning the funding of farming. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351065 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351065 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351065/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4366.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351065 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mevellec, Pierre Title: Economie des entreprises: La gestion des coopératives appréciées par la méthode du surplus Abstract: A previous study showed that the traditional criteria for measuring efficiency are not adapted to an evaluation of cooperative management. The method of surpluses enabling the efficiency of the central unit and its influence on the peripheral units to be evaluated seems to be able to throw a new and more coherent light on cooperative management. Keywords: Agribusiness, Farm Management Volume: 119 Number: 351066 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351066 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351066/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4367.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351066 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moisan, H. Title: Développement agricole: Réflexions critiques sur: « L'exploitation vue comme un système» Abstract: It is impossible to apply systems analysis to farms without grasping the concepts connected with it and analysing what enables such an approach to be used in this field. A few notions that complement Osty's study, are presented here (constraints, environment, development) as necessary sign-posts to direct the reader's reflection on this matter. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351067 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351067 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351067/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4364.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351067 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Osty, Pierre-Louis Title: Développement agricole: Conditions du choix des systèmes et techniques de production par les agriculteurs: l'exploitation vue comme un système Abstract: Systems analysis can enable one to understand the choice of production systems and techniques made by farmers. Various inter-disciplinary surveys carried out in particular in the Vosges have led to the farm being analysed as an organized whole, the finalities and regulations of which are complex (progress in methodology is necessary). By considering the farm- farmer system, the family's plan for the farm can be seen, a key element in understanding situations and needs. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management Volume: 119 Number: 351068 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351068 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351068/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4360.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351068 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pelatan, Jean Title: Développement agricole: Quelques problèmes d'une agriculture améliorée, le perche Abstract: Farmers in the Perche area, an extremely rural part of the Western Paris basin, are still by tradition faithful to mixed farming and stock-breeding ; improving it by attempting to overcome constraints connected with the soil and labour by restructuring their farms. But they are hampered by land and finance restrictions, and are concerned for their future. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351069 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351069 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351069/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4383.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351069 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perelman, Rémi Title: Environnement, écologie: Evolution du paysage rural Abstract: Landscape is acquiring social status. It is becoming a subject for study and analysis before becoming the object of conscious creation. Rural landscape takes on a different meaning according as to whether it is appreciated by town- dwellers or by country-dwellers. This dual significance and the reality of these phenomena link town and country. The dialogue between the planners and the inhabitants must get under way on an increasingly objective basis in a field which has not so far been characterized by its objectivity. Local authorities will play an essential part in fhis dialogue. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use Volume: 119 Number: 351070 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351070 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351070/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4375.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351070 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Platier, A. Author-Name: Madec, J. Title: Aménagement et espace: Comment et pourquoi définir un espace rural ? Abstract: How can one characterise "country" in comparion with built up aeras and why should it be defined ? Research into intercommunal relations and the criteria of "rurality" is an attempt to answer these questions. A survey who carried out of each of the 37 000 French "communes" with less than 20 000 inhabitants close to the main towns, based on a questionnaire of 880 questions. This enabled a "data bank" to be set up which is at the disposal of the planning specialists. This survey challenges the use of the demographic criterion alone as a definition of the country. The research mentioned is on the contray based on an analysis with several criteria. The factors taken into account are qualitative rather than quantitative and concern phenomena related not only to the economic activity but also to the various aspects of the life of the people in the area. A typology of the communes and of the degress of "rurality" is thus set up. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 119 Number: 351071 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351071 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351071/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4377.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351071 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Picchi, A. Author-Name: di Bello, L. Author-Name: Vianello, G. Author-Name: Orlandi, G. Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Méthodologie de la programmation comprensoriale en Emilie-Romagne Abstract: The methodology presented concerns global development programming on the comprensorial level, in other words on the scale of the maximum planning unit. By gradual steps this enables the population to take part in the decisions from the time the plan is worked out, instead of being presented with an already complete plan that cannot easily be modified. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351072 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351072 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351072/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4381.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351072 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raidl, H. Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Nouvelles tendances des politiques agricoles des pays de l'OCDE Abstract: The OECD countries would like to stabilize their markets both for exports and harmonization. Growth will slacken in the near future. There is greater awareness of the dangers of "bilateralism". The "small" countries are in an increasingly dangerous position and are trying to develop the possibilities of international agreements. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351073 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351073 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351073/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4380.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351073 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raulin, Henri Title: Environnement, écologie: Le corpus de l'architecture rurale de la France Abstract: Peasant cottages and rural housing present such great diversity in France that a systematic study could not be carried out without considerable financial means. The Musée des Arts et Traditions Populaires project that is being carried out at present will include the publication of 15 regional volumes, forming a corpus of types, kinds and varieties in their historical and ethnological context. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351074 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351074 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351074/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4382.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351074 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rémy, R. Title: Préparation au VIIe Plan: Plan et développement régional Abstract: Agricultural regional development is not mentioned in the 7th plan. Those responsible for the report of the agricultural committee, by making do with general measures, allow the global aspect of the phenomenon to escape them. The policy implemented with regard to mountain areas shows that regional development requires another approach. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351075 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351075 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351075/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4376.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351075 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saby, S. Title: Développement agricole: Vitalité sociale et création d'emplois en milieu rural Abstract: The research carried out at Vauvillers (Haute-Saône) under the direction of Pierre Boisseau for the Chambre d'Agriculture and the Chambre des Métiers of the Haute-Saône is intented to discover the needs of a small region, estimating the present means available on the spot, to analyse and bring together the internal elements of the development of a local community. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 119 Number: 351076 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351076 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351076/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4378.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351076 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Schrevel, M. Author-Name: de Borchgrave, R. Author-Name: Sottiaux, J.P. Title: Planification, politique agricole, histoire économique: Une méthode de développement intégré en région rurale: application au sud-est de la Belgique Abstract: The application of an original method of aid to the development of a rural region, the "approach system", has been introduced in South Eastern Belgium. The global approach (from the point of view of many protagonists) to situations or problems, to the aims and programmes, enables operational results to be reached quickly at little cost ; it facilitates the interplay of development processes. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351077 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351077 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351077/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4379.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351077 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soufflet, Jean-François Title: Secteur agro-alimentaire, système: Le système de commercialisation de la viande bovine: analyse, évolution Abstract: The traditional marketing system appears to be quite efficient, especially for the home market. On the whole the role and the importance of the small businesses have been underestimated. A recent concentration and the appearance of medium and large-scale firms, especially cooperatives, concord with the development of farm production and the concentration of distribution. But the urgent problem is to find stable, wellpaying outside markets. Keywords: Marketing, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 119 Number: 351078 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351078 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351078/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4374.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351078 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valette, E. Title: Démographie, structures: Eléments de calcul démographique Abstract: The expression "population calculation" refers to a group of methods usually combining mathematical calculation and demography in order to prepare decisions. The aim of this present study, the result of its use in the agricultural field, is to point out the principles, problems and techniques. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 119 Number: 351079 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351079 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351079/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4385.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351079 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wackermann, Gabriel Title: Environnement, écologie: Type et niveaux de dépendance d'un milieu montagnard soumis à la pression du littoral Abstract: The pressure of the 3-pole complex Cannes-Grasse-Antibes on the mountain hinterland (the "cantons" of St. Val- lier, St. Auban,, and Le-Bar-sur-Loup) is speeding up the socio-economic, cultural and political dependence of à rural area gradually remodelled by allochtone, regional, national and international influences. The new links built up between the economic groups, the preoccupations of the social groups, electoral behaviour and planning conceptions lead to the modification of decision-making in an area that untirecently was still truly rural. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 119 Number: 351080 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351080 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351080/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_119_1_4386.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351080 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wackermann, Gabriel Title: Organisation et niveaux d'équipement d'espace multinational animé par une forte armature urbaine ; le cas des pays du Rhin supérieur Abstract: In a region where economic pressure is quite strong the action of various social categories forming regional associations has recently given rise to a greater awareness of the need to safeguard rural space. Country-dwellers are now supported by town- dwellers and a new ethical attitude is emerging. Here we examine how decisions are organized and taken on both sides of the Rhine, around multipolar regional capitals which are themselves a source of imbalance in the use of space. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 120 Number: 351081 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351081 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351081/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_120_1_2499.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351081 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miclet, Gérard Title: Indicateurs sociaux, indicateurs d'environnement Abstract: The aim of indicators which have been the subject of many studies in the social field and more recently in that of environment is to provide data and aids to decision in fields to which the use of traditional economic methods are not adapted. The term «indicators » covers synthetic variables that enable the state of certain elements of the living conditions of a group of people to be defined and comparisons time and space to be made. Several questions will be raised with regard to them : what degree of aggregat of variables is possible and compatible with objective information ? How can these indicators become tools enabling the « decision-makers » to be aware of the meaning and the consequences of a decision ? How can the subjective aspects of the perception of a situation by those concerned be integrated ? In the field of environment (in which we include pollution and nuisances, space use, natural sites and milieux, landscapes) the working out and the use of indicators prove necessary but also particularly delicate for the phenomena of interrelated factors, of competition between activities and the subjective elements of perception take on a particular importance. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 120 Number: 351082 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351082 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351082/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_120_1_2500.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351082 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Title: Indicateurs liés à la qualité de l'eau et comportements ; application aux lacs d'Annecy et du Bourget Abstract: The investigation of environment indicators is a descriptive approach but it has the advantage of leading fairly rapidly to practical conclusions. We present the results of an application to two Alpine lakes - Annecy and Le Bourget. It is based on a comparison of hydrobiological parameters and socioeconomic data. The comparative study of the two lakes leads to a global view in which the purity of the water is of great importance. We demonstrate that it is possible to judge it according to two hydrobiological variables - the colour and turbidness of the water. To go further than this one must distinguish between the various functions of the water. There may be incompatibilities between them which poses the problem of spacial distribution and hence of planning. In practical terms we have built four particular functions (sport, ecology, its ludico-social function and its visual function). For each we propose particular indicators. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 120 Number: 351083 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351083 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351083/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_120_1_2501.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351083 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Grontec, Ph. Title: Les coupures vertes de la métropole-jardin en val de Loire : rêve et réalité ? Abstract: The Loire Valley between Briare and Bourgueil, a densely populated zone near the Paris area, has for twenty years been greatly developed. Many of the most beautiful landscapes have been blighted by all sorts of buildings. Conflicts have arisen between the owners and the users of the land. A basic plan has been worked out to organize this development, one of the main principles of which is that discontinuity should be respected in town-planning. This implies the setting up of a number of towns of different sizes separated by broad natural open spaces or « green belts » for farming, horticulture, wine-growing, forestry and leisure activities. A « charter » sums up the steps to be taken for the protection and use of these green belts. What does this charter consist of ? — it will apply to : 268 « communes » representing 780,000 inhabitants in 1975 and 570,000 hectares make up the area outlined provisionally by the three Conseils Généraux (County Councils) of Loiret, Loir-et-Cher, Indre-et-Loire until they receive the proposals of the « communes » concerned. — among the protectionist measures appear the implementation of the « sensitive area » procedure of the Town Planning Code and the progressive application of the land use plans. — the utilization possibilities proposed are the preservation and reinforcing of farming and forestry activities, the development of the river and the introduction of leisure activities. The success of this programme depends above all on the support of the local council members and of the inhabitants themselves. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 120 Number: 351084 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351084 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351084/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_120_1_2502.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351084 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Belliard, Jacques Author-Name: Charvet, Jean-Paul Title: Les structures spatiales de la collecte céréalière dans la région Centre Abstract: The « Centre » Programme Region is the main grain-producing region in France both as regards the area it covers and as regards the volume and range of its production. In addition to the traditional grain centres (Beauce, and the Berry part of Champagne) grain production has spread towards regions originally specializing in mixed farming. The collecting structures were analysed from the data provided by the ONIC and by the General Agricultural Census. A simple cartographic method was used which has the advantage, by schematizing, of bringing out the main features of the spatial collecting structures. This survey shows up : the preponderant role of the cooperative sector, the insignificance of utilizers as collectors (except for the malt-houses) and the survival of the middle-men, either in the traditional grain centres for the biggest of them or in the marginal centres for the smallest. In space the activities of these bodies overlap and give grain-collecting a complexity that is all the greater where grain production is highest. The results of the past five years reflects a generally slow evolution which, when it exists, takes place at the expense of private grain merchants to the advantage of cooperatives. The first examples of grain-collectors representing multinational, often foreign, firms that so far are of no significance, may well in the future bring about a restructuring of the collecting areas still characterized in the main by their anarchical nature. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 120 Number: 351085 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351085 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351085/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_120_1_2503.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351085 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: Les groupements agricoles d'exploitation en commun 10 ans après Abstract: In spring 1976, ten years after the first of them were set up, the Groupements Agricoles d'Exploitation en Commun (GAECs), the most perfected form of group farming numbered about 6000, employing almost 25000 active farm workers, 15000 of whom are partners and 3500 full-time employees. On an average GAEC, 4.1 workers farm 87 hectares, i.e. 21 hectares per person, a figure which proves the concentration of this form on association in the middle range of farmers. Their recent evolution is marked by a developement of family GAECs, particularly the GAECs made up of a father and one son (27 % of all GAECs at the end of 1975). This form helps to solve the problems posed by the division of the estate on the father death because of the vast sums of capital invested, in the interests of the son. The GAECs formed by the amalgamation of farms are decreasing relatively but are increasing steadily in absolute figures, by 12 % per year. Moreover the number of « labour contributions », partners without capital contributing only their labour, is still very small. If the present situation is compared to the objectives laid down by the law (1962) - maintaining in the GAECs the family nature of the farms for which this system was intended ; putting labour on an equal footing with capital in the status of the partners - discrepancies are visible. There is too great emphasis on the first of these objectives, too little on the second, and this reflects the constraints imposed by the social and economic system on the setting up and development of the GAECs. Nevertheless by transgressing the taboos of capitalism represented for farmers by the individual use of land and stock, by giving greater importance to labour (and even sometimes to family needs) in comparison with capital in the payment of the partners, the GAECs in their most personal forms contain the seeds of a new society in which it is to be hoped labour will replace capital. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 120 Number: 351086 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351086 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351086/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_120_1_2504.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351086 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 120 Number: 351087 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351087 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351087/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_120_1_2505.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351087 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sainclivier, M. Title: L'aliment naturel, un mythe ? Abstract: Is there a « natural » food ? The answer is not easy because the antithesis between « natural » foods and « elaborated » foods is artificial. To recommand either of these kinds of foods is not objective. Each of them involves risks for the consumer. As a matter of fact, « natural » and « toxic » are on a par in many well-known cases like fungi, mais and aflatoxins, rapeseed and goitrigen substances, some leguminous plants and cyanogen substances or enzymes inhibitors, beans and favism, immature aubergine and sprouted potatoes and solanin, etc... The treatment of natural foods by technics such as smoking and curing, involves also some risks. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons isolated from fish and meat smoked with a wood-fire like « in the old time », such as different nitrosamines found In most of saltings, are carcinogen factors. However, it would be ridiculous to condamn these technics. The danger arising from their renunciation would be much greater. In the same way, it would be extremely hazardous of being inattentive during treatments of food. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 121 Number: 351088 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351088 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351088/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2506.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351088 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coujard, Jean-Louis Title: Caractéristiques et tendances de l'industrie agroalimentaire française Abstract: The modernization of French agri-business firms remains one of the main preoccupations for the authorities and is reaffirmed by the 7th Plan. Agribusiness is often accused of being archaic and presents one specific characteristic - that of heterogeneousness and dispersion - but this does not rule out comparisons with other industrial activities. From this critical examination the economic results of agri-business appear on the whole to be quite good, often better than the average, in spite of the fact that the rate of progress is slow and this may in the long run Jeopardize the present situation. The rapid concentration of firms noted during the past few years which has enabled a few big groups to emerge and be consolidated, does not seem to lead to the results that were expected ; the assets of foreign trade in the agri-business sector are due to farming alone whereas middle-sized firms seem to have an important part to play both on the home market and on the export market. Finally it is to be noted that agri-business by its characteristics is clearly distinguished from consumer goods industries and has a number of similarities with production goods industries. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 121 Number: 351089 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351089 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351089/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2507.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351089 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serra, Sylvie Title: Les aides de l'Etat aux industries alimentaires Abstract: Subsidies in capital, special conditions for loans, direct or indirect state aid for the restructuration and development dt agri-business is far from negligible. Yet the many varied forms it takes and still more the great number of government departments and bodies responsible for distributing this aid prevent it from being fully effective. An improvement of the present situation depends on the aims of French food policy being better defined. It would lead both to an increased coherence of the different aims of state aid and a better coordination of the government departments concerned. Keywords: Industrial Organization, Public Economics Volume: 121 Number: 351090 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351090 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351090/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2508.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351090 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lescanne, Philippe Title: Les marques françaises à l'étranger : la fin du voyage sans bagages Abstract: The positions gained by French export firms must be maintained and the effort towards promoting French brands must continue but with more selective and therefore more efficient methods. In the expansion strategy of French firms abroad the boosting of French brands is still important but industrial and commercial investment especially by the concentration of foreign firms will no doubt become more important than the mere sales promotion of French brands. Must we look forward to future international brands in French agri-business like Waterman and IBM ? It would be better to gain a place among the world leaders in the farming and foodstuffs chain where French firms control technology, equipment and management. The era of big firms will dawn, but in their wake hundreds of firms in many branches may also have a part to play. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 121 Number: 351091 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351091 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351091/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2509.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351091 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lescanne, Philippe Title: Les besoins financiers des entreprises à l'horizon 1980 Abstract: In general the possibilities of financing and raising capital abroad either by financial aid from the French government or from the European community, or by means of the foreign banking system or of international finance houses are little known. An effort to inform should be undertaken to enable these sources of finance to be better known. Moreover concrete proposals could be made regarding the regulations and the policy of the authorities concerning the transfer of profits and royalties, the raising of loans abroad, and the financial and taxation encouragements granted by the French state and the EEC'S European Development Fund. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 121 Number: 351092 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351092 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351092/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2510.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351092 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: La distribution dans le système alimentaire français Abstract: Food consumption in France doubled in volume in 15 years, to more than 200 billion francs in 1974. With this growth went a considerable increase in the collective catering budget on the one hand and in. agri-business products on the other. The development in consumption has given rise to far-reaching changes in the structure of the distribution system. 60,000 food retail businesses disappeared between 1962 and 1974 while 36 giant firms today account for almost one third of the branch's turnover. This rapid concentration is accompanied by an increase in the number of wage-earners, - 700,000 persons, in other words almost one third of the active farming population and more than in agri-business. The dynamics of distribution can also be seen in increased competition. A survey carried out in Montpellier on - 30 foodstuffs shows that they are sold at a lower average price in supermarkets. Moreover the discrepancies are probably greater lower down the agri-business chain than at the industrial level. The pressure brought to bear by largescale distribution on agri-business seems strong enough to impose price reductions in the form of discounts, special offers etc. The food problem must therefore be conceived in terms that cover more than the agricultural aspect and include medical, educational and commercial aspects. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 121 Number: 351093 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351093 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351093/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2511.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351093 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Persuy, P. Title: Les formes modernes de distribution : leur rôle dans l'évolution du système agro-alimentaire Abstract: One of the most noticeable phenomena in the development of agri-business during the last 15 years has been the massive influx of capital in the retail sector. The development of modern forms of distribution has changed the relationships within the foodstuffs production and marketing chain ; in particular the control of the consumer market is still the subject of a permanent struggle between industrial and commercial capital, the consequences of which can be felt on the structures both of production and commerce as well as of consumption. The purpose of this article is to present some of these consequences. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 121 Number: 351094 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351094 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351094/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2512.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351094 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, Philippe Title: Différenciation et expansion de la coopération agricole dans l'économie agro-alimentaire Abstract: This article concerns the role of agricultural cooperatives in agri-business especially in France and by way of comparison in Sweden, the USA and in Canada. At present in all these countries there is a distinct increase in cooperatives which is more marked in the farming and food sector than other firms. These cooperatives have industrial and commercial activities in a capitalist system and yet remain organically linked to a type of farming made up mainly of family farms. This results in specialization according to the different activities and in fewer possibilities of accumulating capital because of their particular obligations and constraints. This is why we attempt to find causes for the present expansion not only in certain forms of finance granted by the state in exchange for the specific functions fulfilled by cooperatives in agri-business but also in a new form of organization within the regional and national cooperative network, in the forming of innovation groups on the international level, in new forms of funding, and finally in a certain tendency for other firms, national and multinational, to withdraw from certain branches of the food industry. If agricultural cooperatives manage to set up the inter-cooperative (both interbranch and international) relations they are at present trying to establish, shall we see the cooperative movement and more particularly the cooperative groups increase still more the part of agri-business they already control ? Are we as the ACI (International Cooperative Alliance) believes, witnessing a new way of organizing things ? Their present expansion and this new outlook cannot avoid causing conflict with the representatives of the firms that have to submit to the ordinary rules governing firms. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 121 Number: 351095 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351095 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351095/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2513.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351095 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bragadir, G. Title: L'innovation, facteur de développement de l'industrie alimentaire Abstract: Attitudes change very quickly and this leads to a modification In social behaviour and eating habits which affects the whole of the food industry development policy and thus the introduction of new products. These are often criticized. Their role can only be justified when they are seen against their general background. Keywords: Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 121 Number: 351096 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351096 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351096/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2514.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351096 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sene, G. Title: Innovation et industrie agro-alimentaire Abstract: The food industry is, for a large number of national economists and politicians, a major point of policy that the French nation must endeavour to promote in future years. It is consequently extremely important to examine the conditions of the development of the food industry, particularly if we accept the basic assumption of this article. The alimentary customs of developed countries are on the eve of a complete change. A general view of converging tendancies (greater risks of famine in the under industrially developed countries, the discovery of new supplies of alimentary provisionment, the emergence of « collective restauration », development of the consumer's defence associations and in a more general field, the ecological element, etc.) make this upheaval foreseeable. In a domain in complete evolution, innovation for industry becomes a peremptory measure of survival. Although this innovation seems to be a keystone in the development of food industry to-day, it is still necessary to understand its nature and orientation. A swift retrospective analysis allows us to suppose that innovation within this sector, has progressed on the same lines as the development of industrial societies. More or less « pushed » by technological progress during the first decades of industrial Revolution, innovation has become rather « pulled » by consumer needs, with rising purchasing power, urbanization growing practice of « journée continue ». With the slowing-up of growth we may think that innovation will know new orientations. These new commercial opportunities are already identifiable. — On the product level : the dietetical and « collective restauration » markets will likely appear as a privileged field for innovation. As for the traditional food market, it could be characterized by the growing supply of services incorporated to the product. — On the processing level : the present accusation against a certain number of manufacturing procedures and the difficulties made apparent by the economical crisis, might be translated by the appearance of new activities such as the production of biosynthetic additifs or more generally the valorisation of by-products. If we admit preponderant role of innovation in the development of the sector, nevertheless there is room for uneasiness et capacities of the French food industry to meet one's new liabilities. Indeed, this one has an important retardation in comparison with its foreign rivals. The number of barriers to innovation that we have found there, is on the other hand, very disquieting. But above all, the weakness of innovation results from lack of will to innovate. So, the innovation process is proving to be improductive, not only because of many barriers which restrain its development, but principally, because of a certain suspicion, even irritation towards innovation strategies, that threatens its very existence. A development policy in this field should not then limit itself to half-baked measures. A genuine policy of organization must be built up, tending to substitute a spontaneous innovation process whose productivity is insufficient for an organized innovation process. A success in this field, however, would not do without any risks... Keywords: Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 121 Number: 351097 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351097 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351097/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2515.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351097 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Combris, Pierre Author-Name: Hossenlopp, Joseph Author-Name: Zitts, Elise Title: L'évolution des associations de consommateurs et leur impact sur les industriels Abstract: The general subject of the relationship between agents in the food industry is tackled here from the particular angle of the action of consumer associations in France. After a brief outline of their history, showing that the phenomenon of « consumerism » has deep roots, the action of these associations is considered from three points of view : defence, information, representation of consumers. This action is then analysed from the point of view of its impact on earlier agents : the processing industries, professional circles and distributors. Although few studies have been carried out in this field, it is evident that modifications in the behaviour of firms are slight. The phenomenon principally affects the big firms which are able to adapt, and all the more so that marketing theorists work out new concepts that will enable the firms to take into account the consumers' long-term social aspirations. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 121 Number: 351098 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351098 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351098/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2516.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351098 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bodiguel, Maryvonne Title: Le choix d'une société Abstract: Farmers in post-war years have had to face a sharp alternative — either to adopt « progress », new production methods and a new way of life, or to disappear altogether in the near future. In the 70's many farmers who had adopted progress to survive and who had been caught up in the workings of the national economy gradually became aware of their precarious economic situation in spite of their attempts to adapt and modernize. Today they have to try to survive progress. The farmer has lost his traditional « peasant » identity and village society has crumbled before society at large. We must now reconsider the present role of farming in society as a whole and whether an original local society can survive. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 122 Number: 351099 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351099 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351099/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_122_1_2517.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351099 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wackermann, Gabriel Title: La place des foires et marchés parmi les pôles français de commercialisation des produits agricoles Abstract: The decline or the disappearance of a considerable number of traditional agricultural fairs and markets and the appearance of new forms of commercialisation since the end of the second world war, now enable us, retrospectively, to understand better the importance of exchanges based on the physical meeting of rural and urban participants. The economic role of the market is accompanied by a social function, by habits that express aspirations, the need for human contact, conceptions of life in relation to others, socio-economic superiorities and situations of conflict. In opposition to the integrated - so called « abstract » - markets, which tend to monopolize agricultural production, to level down and standardize its commercialization, and to wrest from the farming world a certain control of economic mechanisms, these exist organized physical markets which provide a modern solution to the problems raised by small-scale farms and which remain the expression of a desire to preserve regional, sub-regional or local vitality. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 122 Number: 351100 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351100 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351100/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_122_1_2518.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Title: Les paysans, la santé et la mort Abstract: This note presents the conclusions to be drawn from the most recent data concerning health and the death rate in farming. On average - the respective position of small average and big farmers is not known - and in comparison with the whole of the population, farmers still take less care of their health, and are no doubt in less good health ; but they do not die as easily. These conclusions may well seem paradoxical but these are fields where it is particularly difficult to quantify and interpret as one study shows. In example ; is one in bad health because one is a farmer or does one become a farmer because one is in bad health ? As for the farm labourers, in this fields as in many others, they belong to the most under privileged. Their children die more often than the average before they are 12 months old, unlike farmers' children. Keywords: Health Economics and Policy Volume: 122 Number: 351101 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351101 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351101/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_122_1_2519.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Pour une typologie des exploitations agri­coles fondée sur les projets et les situations des agriculteurs Abstract: After presenting the objectives and the discriminating criteria of some farm typologies, the writers show that if one wants to construct typologies that better translate the development of farms, one must not only take into account their present state in fixed factors but also consider the farmers' plans and situations. These concepts enable their economic behaviour to be better understood. Keywords: Agribusiness, Farm Management Volume: 122 Number: 351102 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351102 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351102/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_122_1_2520.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Houdard, V. Title: Dynamique de l'évolution des exploitations agricoles Abstract: A farm typology based on family situation was worked out following a study carried out in 1970 in the Vosges department. A new study was carried out four years later following the same sampling. Simple indicators throw light on the modifications in the original sampling, on the development of the farms in the typology and on the changes observed in the production systems. More often than not the farmers are unaware of the importance of the changes that have taken place in their farm. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 122 Number: 351103 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351103 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351103/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_122_1_2521.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petrescu, N. Title: L'organisation et l'intégration de l'agriculture en Roumanie Abstract: Farming has gone beyond the stage of a business aimed merely at subsistence, managed by the peasant — «entrepreneur» and has become part of an economic machine with several sectors and several levels and much more complexe stuctures. New technological and economic processes have been set up and dominate farm activity and its relations with the rest of the economy — specialization and concentration of production, the introduction of new forms of industrial input, expansion and specialization of the production services sphere, division and specialization of the farm production marketing and industrialization network. For all these changes to be able to achieve the technological progress and the economic efficiency expected of them a)process of structural and functional aggregation has had to take place. The integration of farming in the economy and integration in the farming system itself have become a major process in the present economic transformation. Consequently, new ways of organizing economic life and its workings have been adopted to make possible the most efficient economic growth at every stage of development, in every branch of the economy and in every region in the country. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 122 Number: 351104 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351104 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351104/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_122_1_2522.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Degand, J. Author-Name: Portugal, Luis Title: Analyse régionale de la production agricole belge, les effets « région » et « temps » sur la valeur de la production agricole Abstract: The effect of « region » and « time » on farm output - Variations in agricultural output on farm level can be explained by variables representing classical forms of input and those representing the region and time. The following survey by using series of space and time data proposes to show up the combined effects of these different variables on Belgian agricultural output using Cobb-Douglas type functions. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 122 Number: 351105 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351105 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351105/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_122_1_2523.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Economie agro-alimentaire Abstract: The last number of Economie Rurale raises certain questions concerning the economics of agri-business and its methods. This new, developing subject differs from farm economics more particularly in its field of study. It considers all the functional and socio-economic sub-sectors that contribute to the satisfaction of nutritional needs in a given society. It analyses the food consumption model and the underlying production model. In Western economics the added value from agri-business tends to equal the added value from farming. Thi equality indicates the stage reached by agri-business. Agri-business economics are not analysed in the same way as farms economics. The industrialization and capitalization processes of the agri-business economy, closely connected with modifications in the social conditions of consumption in Western economics, become fundamental as do the resulting modifications down the agribusiness chain. The agri-business products market is very different from that of farm products and the « monopolistic competition » model explains the food economy market much better than the traditional model of imperfect competition. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 122 Number: 351106 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351106 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351106/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_122_1_2525.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leyssene Author-Name: Gaslain Author-Name: Gallezot, Jacques Author-Name: Treillon Title: Les gains de productivité au sein de la filière porc et les transferts Abstract: The surplus accounting method worked out by the CERC increases the number of data that a series of farm accounts can provide, by means of a dissociation of prices and volume for each item in the accounts. The development of these items over two-year periods enables the links between the firm and its economic environment to be made clearer. Here an attempt is made to apply the method to one branch - pork. This application shows the power structure that accompanies the transfer of a group of products from one stage of the chain to another, and the conditions of economic competition. It is of most use when carried out over several two-year periods since by associating all the available data it enables a general synopsis to be worked out. This in its turn makes possible an analysis of the comparative economic influence of the different agents and provides a means of understanding the development of structures. Keywords: Productivity Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 122 Number: 351107 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351107 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351107/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_122_1_2526.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 122 Number: 351108 Year: 1977 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351108 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351108/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_122_1_2527.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coda Nunziante, G. Title: Les contradictions Nord-Sud au sein de l'Europe Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 123 Number: 351109 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351109 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351109/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2528.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Développement agricole méditerranéen Abstract: Geopolitically the Mediterranean Zone includes all the countries along its coasts and the Middle East forming a vast, complex heterogeneous area. This paper examines the North-South relationship within the EEC, the relationship between North Mediterranean countries, and between South Mediterranean countries, and on a more general level, the North-South relationship within the whole EEC - Mediterranean Zone. The difficulties, conditions and consequences of new countries joining the EEC are given special attention. Keywords: International Development Volume: 123 Number: 351110 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351110 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351110/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2529.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clavel, J.-C. Title: Les règlements agricoles de la CEE et leur impact sur les régions méditerranéennes Abstract: The writer first analyses the characteristics of Mediterranean farm products and their markets. They are often perennial crops (vines, fruit-trees) that can only slowly be adapted to the market. Most of these products are perishable and their production is irregular. Their consumption is confined to the South and they are in competition with produce coming from countries with a lower standard of living. The markets for these products, that were largely unorganized before the advent of the Common Market, have not been much better protected by the EEC regulations. The fact that the regulations are not adapted and the way they are applied do not enable these types of produce to overcome the natural difficulties nor the competition they meet. Moreover, short term correctives for temporary situations have been sought rather than a complete rethinking of those regulations that have proved unsuitable. Finally these deficiencies have been made even worse by circumstances unconnected with these regulations. Nevertheless all the evils besetting Mediterranean products cannot be attributed to the EEC regulations and their application. Chance circumstances and national intervention have also played a part. But should regulations made for Northern climates have been applied to Southern producers ? It seems that those in charge In the EEC are still — as the commission's recent communication proves — not able to understand Southern farms and farming. The result is an increasing marked gap between the « North » that believes in Europe and the « South » that does not. It is surely disquieting to see that a Community that intends to « reduce the gap between the different regions and the backwardness of the least privileged » is not more concerned about its Mediterranean fringe. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 123 Number: 351111 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351111 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351111/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2530.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barberis, Corrado Title: Les agriculteurs de la CEE face à son élargissement Abstract: « It is not the Agricultural Common Market but the lack of a veritable economic, monetary and political community which threatens everyone's future. The fact that zootechny is still a problem, and that the « model sector », fruit and vegetable, is going through a bad patch, presents the opportunity to reexamine the situation. Perhaps, in the minds of producers, a respite from anxiety does not compensate for the dashing of certain hopes. The reasons for or against the Mediterranean countries joining the Common Market cannot perhaps be exactly weighed up. At this stage, even if it is not a rational decision, politics triumph. » Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 123 Number: 351112 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351112 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351112/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2531.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desouches, Marie-Jacqueline Title: Les agriculteurs français face à l'élargissement de la CEE vers le Sud Abstract: Europe, now it has lost many of the illusions that have hindered its development and its suffering from the world economic crisis, is going through a critical period. Its Mediterranean regions may well be concerned about the prospect of the EEC admitting neighbouring Southern European countries, all the more so that these regions have reaped fewer advantages than others from the growth that has marked the first twenty years of the Rome Treaty. If the EEC were to admit these countries without due precautions, this would make French farming and the French economy run a grave risk that should not be taken. For the Community such an operation might well be fatal. The aim of the farming sector in this report — which was conceived as a positive contribution to the solution of a difficult problem for our country and a major problem for all the Mediterranean countries — is to explain these risks clearly and to indicate the means by which they may be avoided. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 123 Number: 351113 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351113 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351113/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2532.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fernandez, Antonio Title: L'agriculture espagnole et la CEE Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 123 Number: 351114 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351114 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351114/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2533.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Adaptation et ajustement des agricultures européennes dans le contexte euro-méditerranéen Abstract: The European Community surely cannot refuse to admit three countries that are now democratic — Greece, Spain and Portugal — and cannot but have a privileged relationship with the Southern and Mediterranean countries. But its farmers will suffer. Producers will certainly find increased outlets but there will be keen competition in fruit, vegetables and wine. The economic crisis makes professional reconversion, which at other times would have helped towards a solution, difficult. Should the three EEC regulations concerning fruit, vegetables and wine-growing be improved ? The reasons why the texts now in operation are unsuitable are permanent ones. The Community ought to discuss the problem democratically. Keywords: International Development Volume: 123 Number: 351115 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351115 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351115/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2534.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allaya, Mahmoud Title: Les grandes productions méditerranéennes, introduction statistique Keywords: International Development Volume: 123 Number: 351116 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351116 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351116/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2535.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lefort, F. Title: Compte rendu des activités du groupe de travail Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 123 Number: 351117 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351117 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351117/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2537.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alvisi, F. Title: La production italienne de fruits frais Abstract: Italian fresh fruit production has in certain categories reached quantities that cannot be tolerated and which require that its supply should be reconsidered and better defined. If the EEC admits new members the already harsh competition on the main European markets will be increased. Italian fruit farmers are concerned about this possibility which might make efforts to rationalize production and improve marketing ineffectual. Even if its effect on apples was relatively limited the situation in the peach and eating — grapes sectors would become particularly difficult. Present Italian predominance in Europe might well be threatened by Greek and Spanish competition. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 123 Number: 351118 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351118 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351118/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2538.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Misseri, S.-C. Title: L'offre et la demande d'agrumes méditerranéens Abstract: Italy is in a difficult position as its citrus fruits industry is at present being completely reorganized. Admitting new countries will accentuate the citrus fruits branch's problems. These difficulties could be overcome by the greatest possible equalization of situations, of production structures, costs, prices, commercial organization and a programme of collaboration with the other Mediterranean countries. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 123 Number: 351119 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351119 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351119/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2539.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bacarella, A. Title: Pomme de terre et légumes Abstract: In order to estimate the consequences on the horticultural sector of Greece, Spain and Portugal being admitted to the EEC, one must evaluate how self-sufficient the Nine and the three countries concerned have been over the past 3 years. They are self-sufficient with regard to horticulture except for tomatoes. If the three countries join they will be able to use their surplus production of tomatoes by satisfying demand within the EEC. But there are some misgivings. The horticultural products produced at present by the Nine can be replaced very easily by those of the Mediterranean countries where production and marketing costs are lower than those of the Community. The regions of the EEC where the horticultural sector is a pillar of the agricultural economy will suffer in consequence. Production potential is great in Italy. If Greece, Spain and Portugal join the EEC will they not take the place of regions in Southern Italy that are economically and socially underprivileged ? Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 123 Number: 351120 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351120 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351120/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2540.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Author-Name: Ferro, O. Title: Compte rendu des activités du groupe de travail Abstract: The EEC considers as a basic commitment the fostering of the economic development of developing countries, by taking into account those whose economy depends principally on their opportunities for exporting basic products and particularly sugar. The Lomé convention in 1975 was proof of this. The indirect effects of such agreements are felt by the Community whose production even when restricted to 9 members is beginning to be in excess. But the sugar sector should not suffer if the Community admits new members and enters into associations with Mediterranean countries. In these countries sugar production is not very high and already cannot satisfy home demand. In the future the production of liquid sugar extracted from maize starch and from other cereals might well be on a competitive footing with the European sugar beet industry; this production should be regulated as sugar is. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 123 Number: 351121 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351121 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351121/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2542.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schifani, C. Title: Graisses et huiles végétales Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 123 Number: 351122 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351122 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351122/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2544.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: La zone euroméditerranéenne dans la stratégie mondiale des firmes agro-alimentaires multinationales Keywords: Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade Volume: 123 Number: 351123 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351123 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351123/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2545.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lechi, Francesco Title: Effets d'un éventuel élargissement de la CEE Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 123 Number: 351124 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351124 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351124/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2547.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferro, O. Title: Quelques remarques en guise de conclusion Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 123 Number: 351125 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351125 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351125/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_123_1_2548.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labeyrie, Vincent Author-Name: Jarry, M. Title: A propos des relations écologie et société Abstract: Ecology and economics, apart from their common root, seem to be fundamentally opposed. The ecological crisis is often presented as an inevitable consequence of all technological process. This rejection of the development of productive forces enables the fierceness of social struggles to be underestimated, the idea of austerity to be considered as unavoidable and science and scientists to be held responsible for this state of affairs. The development of mathematical models whose forecasts are catastrophic, guarantees objectivity. But all models are built on hypotheses that are coloured by the ideology of the individuals or groups that build them. The close analysis of two fundamental concepts used in these models — natural resources and consumption — shows that these concepts are not clear and that their use is strongly conditioned by the dominant ideology. The consideration of the use of natural resources shows that the present dominant strategies lead to possibilities being wasted, to waste products, — apparently resources that have been thrown away, — being accumulated, and to possible technological choices being limited. All this goes against the widening of knowledge and of technological possibilities which enable solutions to be increasingly suited to the heterogenous possibilities of nature. The control of productive forces would not be enough if it were not accompanied by a revision of intervention strategies inherited from a pre -ecological era. It is in this sense that ecology acquires its true dimension in the economic field. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 124 Number: 351126 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351126 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351126/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2549.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Godelier, Maurice Title: Reproduction des écosystèmes et transformation des systèmes sociaux Abstract: In this article the writer analyses recent studies, American ones in particular, made by anthropologists, of various societies of hunters — plant-gatherers (Pygmies, Bushmen), of nomadic shepherds (Jie, Karimojong, Dodoth in Eastern Africa) and the farmers of New Guinea. He shows that these societies make a selective, intelligent use of the resources of their environment and do not make use of some resources although they are aware of their existence. He shows that peoples with different economies may have opposite attitudes to the same ecosystem. For the Pygmies the equatorial forest provides the plants and wild animals they use and it seems to them welcoming and protective ; for the Bantu farmers who grow manioc and bananas by burn-beating, the forest seems hostile and aggressive. The writer analyses the constraints that ecological and technological structures impose on the dynamics of such societies. He poses the general problem of the rationality of the economic processes and shows that one cannot have an a priori universal model of economic rationality. Finally he discusses the still more general problems of the forms, places and effects of production relationships in various societies. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 124 Number: 351127 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351127 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351127/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2550.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sachs, Ignacy Title: Ecodéveloppement : une approche de planification Abstract: Originally the concept of ecodevelopment was formulated in a rather restrictive manner, as a rural development strategy in the Third World based on the ingenious use of local resources and peasant know-how. But this formulation has rapidly become outof-date. Ecodevelopment has become synonymous with endogenous socio-economic development based on the living, organized forces of the society, aware of the ecological aspect and trying to effect a symbiosis between man and nature. The variables in the harmonization of the basic assumptions of development and environment are as follows: 1. consumption policies. — 2. time-planning policies. — 3. technological policies. — 4. space-planning policies. — 5. policies aimed at husbanding rare resources and at making the best use of plentiful ones. — 6. energy policies. — 7. environment policies in the strict sense of the word. An attempt of ecodevelopment is illustrated by the example of planning in the Amazon region of Peru. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 124 Number: 351128 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351128 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351128/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2551.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Long, Gilbert Author-Name: Le Moal, Yves Title: Bases écologiques et socio-économiques du développement alternatif des zones rurales marginalisées Abstract: In this short paper we shall only mention certain problems concerning: — on the one hand the marginal rural zones in developing countries in the « Mediterranean ecological zone », particularly those where farm production can never be counted on because of the prevalent risks of drought (arid and semi- arid zones) ; — on the other hand the marginal rural zones in the developed countries in the « Mediterranean ecological zone », particularly those situated in zones where the annual rainfall is high (sub-humid and humid zones) which in the past (2 to 4 thousand years) were exploited for agricultural, sylvicultural and pastoral purposes but which have been abandoned for some decades (or are gradually being abandoned). It should be noted that the areas covered by these two categories of marginal rural zones extend respectively to about 200 millions and 100 millions hectares, which means that the subject may concern several scores of millions of inhabitants of whom, on average for both types of zone, 40 % to 50% are still rural producers. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 124 Number: 351129 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351129 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351129/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2552.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramade, François Title: Crise de l'énergie, ressources naturelles et production alimentaire Abstract: The only solution to the joint effects of population growth and of the competition between non-agricultural uses of land and farming is an increasing intensification of production in order to satisfy mankind's increasing food needs. The eco-energy analysis of industrial farming shows that increased productivity so far has been achieved by injecting an ever greater quantity of energy from fissile fuel into agroecosystems. Consequently the energy productivity of crops (kcal of foodstuffs produced per kcal of energy used in its production) is decreasing. Moreover, world supplies of phosphate fertilizers are limited and fossilized hydrocarbon is becoming rarer. The constant increase in the cost of energy and of mineral fertilizers used in farming make it unlikely that the present food production structures will be maintained in the future or that food can be produced for a world population of ten billions. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 124 Number: 351130 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351130 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351130/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2553.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vissac, B. Title: Potentiel des races bovines locales dans les systèmes de pro­duction extensifs sur les terres marginales de la zone méditerranéenne Abstract: Industrialization and its consequences on the development of farm production (intensification of production in the suitable zones and marginalization of the others) have had particularly unfortunate effects on beef production economy (high costs and disparity between milk and meat production and demand) and on the potential and balance of the natural and human environments. A new rationality in the use of space could be envisaged in answer to this situation. It includes a more global approach to the functions of space in the needs of society both on the level of research and on that of its application. It implies, as far as cattle­breeding is concerned, that more efficient systems of exploitation of complementary fodder potentials be found on both a seasonal and regional basis, in particular betwen natural vegetation zones and crop­growing zones (by­products). The additional costs of fodder transport and stocking, the social constraints linked to the movement of animals point up the advantages of the use of local material that is often dying out but is suited to these conditions. Situations with regard to this differ greatly between the highly industrialized and underpopulated regions (the North­West Mediterranean zone) and the less highly industrialized zones with more rapid population growth (Turkey, North Africa). While the use of local races will, especially in the first case, concern the development of a beef breed by cross­breeding with beef­bulls taking into account the different genetic types' adaptation factors, in the second case the improvement both in milk and meat production in stock­farms where animals are milked is a priority. These considerations show how important it is to estimate the potential of local genetic material in extensive breeding systems when one takes into account the technological knowledge linked to the society's old habits in the use of this material. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 124 Number: 351131 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351131 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351131/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2554.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boyeldieu, J. Title: Faut-il refaire des paysans ? Abstract: The increasing integration of farmers in economic circuits leads to their paid activities (production of saleable goods) gaining preference over non-paid activities. The planning and management of land and rural space, both of which are the results of farm activity, are often badly paid or not paid at all. But farmers, who are fewer to-day, are better equipped, better informed and better advised than before. The collectivity should allow them to take full responsibility for rural space, from its physical planning to its cultural role. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 124 Number: 351132 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351132 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351132/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2555.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laborit, Henri Title: Biologie des comportements et écologie Abstract: The relationship between the individual and his environment is first felt by his nervous system that conditions his behaviour towards his environment. The main element of human environment is represented by other men. How can one understand the past and present organization of human societies without knowing about the instrument that permits this organization — the human nervous system ? How can one understand the action of man who destroys the biosphere, without knowing the mechanisms that lead to the competitive aggressivity of his behaviour all over the world ? The writer, after having outlined the structure and the integrated functions of the human nervous system, shows how they have led to the construction of physics and technology by concealing the unconscious impulse towards domination at all levels under a humanist argument institutionalizing the principle of the survival of the strongest. He tries to determine how the species can escape this blind pressure of necessity. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 124 Number: 351133 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351133 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351133/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2556.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Montagner, Hubert Title: L'éthologie éclaire-t-elle sur des conditions de vie sociales qui répondraient mieux aux spécificités de l'espèce humaine Abstract: Ecological factors in the broadest sense of the word (stimuli from the whole outside environment) have an important influence on the behaviour and on the « physiology of defence and adaptation ». The whole of the outside environment, both ecological and social, must be taken into account in order to understand what enables the child to answer the questions this environment asks him in an appropriate (adapted) fashion. The writer and his team have for years dissected behaviour into motor units and then into sequences of units and have begun to identify the role outside environment plays in the organization, nonorganization or disorganization of the young child's communication behaviour and « defence physiology ». This etho-physiology provides ecology, sociology and médecine, with information about the ways in which individuals come into contact with their environment ; it also detects what unbalances the organism and helps to form a society that « converses » with its environment. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 124 Number: 351134 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351134 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351134/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2557.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lieberherr, Bernard Author-Name: Lieberherr, Françoise Title: Quel avenir pour le paysage, lieu d'échange entre la nature et l'homme Abstract: The historical analyses of two stretches of countryside, the study of their evolution and transformation factors, in other words the study of what they have and will become, and a few ideas on the relationship between tourism and the landscape lead us to work out a number of possible developments integrated in a landscape management framework. Whether it is the result of empirical or deliberate steps, the future of our countryside is at present programmed by the ideologies of contemporary society : rationality, productivism, consumption... But to choose a landscap's future is to preserve for years to come a meeting place between nature and man that provides him with the raw material for his creative spirit and for his imagination. The future of the countryside is therefore connected with an open opposition to the false ideology of a reassuring sense of happiness secreted by a mercantile Society so that the contacts between man and nature do not become rigid but can evolve, the first condition of all creation. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 124 Number: 351135 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351135 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351135/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2558.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labey, D. Title: Réflexions en guise de synthèse Abstract: The aim of economics is not to plan society (no science could). Its aim is to give rational coherence to the various plans that societies produce. Our societies are changing and all have both a new plan and an old one. In order to make this new plan coherent, economics turn first to ecology which gives information about the non-human environment. It then turns to the social sciences which gives little information. Finally it turns towards the various branches of biology which, in their attempt to provide data, gradually make up a new anthropology. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 124 Number: 351136 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351136 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351136/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_124_1_2559.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lambert, Yves Title: Les agriculteurs, les classes sociales et la religion catholique Abstract: We can make the statement that peasantry is stroughly tied to catholic religion. As the religions participation is the most discriminating variable for political and ethic attitudes, we are induced to propose explanations about the relations between all of these elements. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 125 Number: 351137 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351137 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351137/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_125_1_2560.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thonon, A. Title: Partage des dépenses alimentaires entre agriculture et secteurs d'amont et d'aval en Belgique, 1959-1975 Abstract: Belgium 1959-1975 - This research is aimed at showing the development during the period 1959-1975 of share of the Belgium consumer's food expenses that went to farmers in return for their work and capital. This analysis shows that during the period studied the fraction of the consumer's food expenses received by the farmer had regularly declined following the increasing inclusion of ever more expensive services in the price of the basic agricultural product. Moreover the farmers' expenses in raw materials and input have constantly increased which has led to even greater variability in the farmers' income. The synthesis of the results obtained shows that at present only 9 % of what the consumer pays for food actually goes to the farmer in exchange for his labour, a reduction by half over less than twenty years. Résum Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 125 Number: 351138 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351138 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351138/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_125_1_2561.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Broussolle, Claude Title: Le déséquilibre offre-demande sur le marché des produits laitiers Abstract: The search for a solution to the overproduction crisis in the dairy products market is, with the decreasing effects on the common market's agricultural policy and on its cost of the monetary problems, one of the main issues facing those responsible for « green » Europe. This article shows that surpluses cannot all be attributed to the behaviour of farmers anxious to improve their income by increasing their output. It seems that the irregular nature of demand by the processing industries, and the lack of flexibility in the production processes, naturally lead to surpluses if the demand is to be met, as this overproduction could be increased or decreased by the existing production and processing structures. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 125 Number: 351139 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351139 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351139/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_125_1_2562.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquart, Dominique Title: Commercialisation de la viande bovine : problèmes d'application de la démarche marketing Abstract: - Marketing techniques are necessary and possible in the beef field, but they are encountering certain difficulties in their application. They are necessary because of the state of the market and the gap that often exists in the modern circuit, between the structure and the strategy of the firms. Whether it concerns a traditional production or baby-beef production, or the processing of these products, marketing implies that consumers' demand should be taken into consideration and that a suitable product should be developed, and sold. The difficulties arise from the structure and behaviour of the firms, the nature of the product and the practices of those who participate in the artisanal circuit. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 125 Number: 351140 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351140 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351140/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_125_1_2563.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beaucourt, Chantal Title: Le bilan céréalier de l'URSS et de l'Europe orientale à l'horizon 1980 Abstract: What is the cereai policy envisaged by the Soviet economists in the tenth five-years plan ? What will be its consequences as far as the satisfaction of the cereal needs of Eastern Europe and the Western cereal market are concerned ? Will the integration policy of each country lead to these farming specializations being revised or accepted ? It seems rather that in the vital cereal sector each country will pursue its traditional policy and will try to garantee its self-sufficiency, specialization being limited to certain products. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 125 Number: 351141 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351141 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351141/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_125_1_2564.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rémy, Catherine Title: La dotation aux jeunes agriculteurs. Analyse de la situation de 172 jeunes agriculteurs installés en 1973/74 Abstract: In order to check the decrease in the number of young farmers setting up on their own, a phenomenon that was giving rise to concern in certain regions, a subsidy for such farmers was introduced at the beginning of 1973. This aid amounted to 25,000 Francs, payable in three installments. At the beginning of 1976 this subsidy, a sum varying according to the region, was extended to the whole of France. This study, carried out in 1976, concerning 172 young farmers was intended on the one hand to discover and describe the way they set up in business, and on the other hand to evaluate their economic and financial situation two or three years afterwards. These farmers, aged about 26, for several years had assisted their parents ; they often marry after setting up on their own and their technical and educational level remains low. In most cases, the family farm, whether owned or rented, is at the heart of the land that is to become the young man's farm. But half of those receiving this subsidy, are legally independent of their parents and family and autonomous as far as the land they farm is concerned. The farm is gradually built up and continues after they have set up alone. The increases in land are usually rented. Their average farming income (31,000 francs) conceals great differences in their situation, and the great variety of debts and loans accorded shows up great inequality in their financial situation. Two years after they have set up it appears that the two most important factors determining the level of their income and the financial situation of the farm are their parents contribution and the original state of the farm they have taken over. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 125 Number: 351142 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351142 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351142/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_125_1_2565.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sneessens, J.-F. Title: L'évolution de la dispersion des revenus dans la région limoneuse belge Abstract: This article analyses the evolution of the ditribution of income between farmers during the period 1962-1974. Its objective is to determine the significance of this evolution, its importance and to give an explanation for it. The explanatory factors that have been retained describe the evolution of the technical production conditions and the prices policy implemented by the authorities. The statistics used are made up of accounts from a sampling of farms situated in the Belgian silt region. The distribution of income is measured by a variation coefficient. Its evolution is explained by the multiple regression method. The results of the analysis show that between the first stage (1962-63-64) and the final stage (1972-73- 74) the prices policy has distinctly reduced the evolution of the distribution of incomes while the changes in the technical production conditions tended to increase it. The variation between incomes finally was reduced by 10,10 %. This proves the egalitarian role that a prices policy can play in farming. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 125 Number: 351143 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351143 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351143/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_125_1_2566.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Truchis, M. Title: L'amélioration des transports publics en zone rurale faiblement peuplée : l'expérience du minicar des monts de Lacaune Abstract: In the struggle against farmers leaving the countryside, certain services, in particular transport, must be maintained. The car is the easiest way of connecting up isolated farms. But petrol is expensive... A solution uniting the advantages of private cars (time-table, proximity) and the bus (low cost, transport of non- car-owners) was worked out. Studies were carried out and their results implemented, — finance, choice of transporter — leading to the Monts de Lacaune minicar. This, as yet short-lived, experiment shows that such an operation can be set up at minimum cost and with little capital invested. Its success depends on its being adapted to the needs of the inhabitants and its attraction for its users. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 125 Number: 351144 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351144 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351144/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_125_1_2567.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 125 Number: 351145 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351145 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351145/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_125_1_2568.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Annonce de congrès Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 126 Number: 351146 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351146 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351146/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_4899.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainié, Philippe Title: Présentation Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 126 Number: 351147 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351147 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351147/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_4425.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Author-Name: Barthez, Alice Title: Propriété foncière, exploitation agricole et aménagement de l'espace rural Abstract: Towards 1970 appears gradualy a new trend of the French agricultural structure policy, simultaneously with the birth of a country planning policy. Concerning landownership, the policy of helping the farmers to buy the land declines in favour of a policy who attempts to attract non-farmers invests. Farming becomes a plurality of activities, i.e. the agricultural policy accepts the compatibility of agricultural and non-agricultural activities ; a policy of rejuvenating the farmers is connected to an increasing care of local population equilibrium ; farming becomes a more vocational activity ; at the same time the farming definition includes more and more the target of maintening rural spaces. All these new practices induce progressively the concept of specific action areas. By this way, the agricultural structure policy, properly so called, becomes in connection with the course of country planning policy who attempts to organize the diffusion of urbanization through rural space as to distribute whole of national activities. Keywords: Land Economics/Use, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 126 Number: 351148 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351148 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351148/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_2569.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Ariane Author-Name: Sébillotte, Michel Title: Réflexion sur l'évolution contemporaine des exploitations agricoles Abstract: The authors of this paper first define the main lines of the way the three systems that make up farming (cultivated ecosystem, production system, family) function and insist on the fundamental role of the family and of the expected duration of the family-farm relationship, and then show what aspects may have been modified by modern development in techniques. They analyse the difficulty in adopting any form of technical innovation (technical proposals are by sector, may make the , system more fragile, are not always compatible with choices made in the past and with the farmer's past life) and show that farms may develop in three main ways and that not all of them have high technical and economic results. They also underline the fact that technical improvements, that result from socio-economic changes, show up new blockages and in conclusion refer to the future outlook for the stabilization of production systems around models that improve the farmers' life style rather than technical performances. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 126 Number: 351149 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351149 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351149/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_2570.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cotton, Guy Title: Continuité et changements de la politique agricole française Abstract: During the past ten years farming policy has been marked by considerable continuity especially regarding the basic options. Yet there has been a certain evolution in the texts. Priority has been given to young people setting up in farming while the means of controlling change in ownership of land have been tightened up. In order to reduce the consequences of investment in land, the authorities have decided to promote a new policy aimed at increasing the rented land market, in particular by land ownership groups (GFA). Aid has been introduced selectively for mountain areas. Since the energy crisis farming policy measures take ecological necessities much more into account. In the economic policy field priority has been given to stock-breeding both with regard to aid and to production and market organization. From the point of view of European policy a first attempt has been made at a common structures policy with development plans. Taxation in farming and relationships between farmers and their employees have come more and more in line with the rules laid down for other social and occupational categories. Finally participation policy has been stepped up particularly in forms of action that lead to an improvement in the farmer's level of knowledge. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 126 Number: 351150 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351150 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351150/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_2571.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, François Title: Evolution des relations entre l'agriculture et les industries alimentaires Abstract: Relations between farming and the food industry have undergone changes between 1968 and 1978 in a wide geographical context, that of the EEC. Structures in both tend to be modified both independently and mutually under the influence of technological innovation and the demands of labour decisions. The economic organization of farming, especially as regards markets, has not reached the objectives set in 1968 although the food industry played the game in many cases. Two decisive changes have taken place today in comparison with 1968 : — the food industry has become a partner of equivalent economic weight to that of farming in the farming-foodstuffs system. — the food industry must face the demands of two new partners — retail, distribution and collective catering. On the food markets retail distribution seems to have a determining influence on all the farming-foodstuffs economy, in particular on the processing industry and on farming. Keywords: Farm Management, Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 126 Number: 351151 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351151 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351151/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_2572.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clavel, J.-C. Title: L'agriculture française dans la Communauté européenne et dans le monde Abstract: French farming has always played a very active role in the Community's professional agricultural organization and on government level, in favour of the common agricultural policy which in 1968 was at its zenith. But the common agricultural policy soon had to face difficulties due to different causes concerning butter, dried milk, wine, beef and even the principle of common prices affected by monetary changes. These crises have particularly affected French farming. In 1968 Mr. Mansholt considered a reform of the common agricultural policy that went beyond the mere social- structural aspect cautiously introduced in 1972. The principle of the financial co-responsibility of milk production is one of its consequences. Today a difficult political choice must be made between the desire for maximum efficiency in farm businesses and an increased effort to make the feeblest catch up. The common interest and national interests come up against a difficult problem. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 126 Number: 351152 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351152 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351152/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_2573.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nouyrit, H. Title: L'agriculture française dans le marché mondial Abstract: For French farming the importance and the effects of the world market can be estimated by three complementary approaches : — the observation of trade flow for each product which shows that more than 60 % , of French farming and of the food industry is directed towards the EEC but that EEC occupies the first place in the world as a farming and food stuffs importing zone, which cannot but affect the farmers in the member countries ; — the political approach underlining the transfer to Common Market level of most of the responsibilities and decisions concerning the practices, rules and obligations that govern world exchange and in this respect the Common Market policy shows a certain inhibition that national options must complete ; — finally the approach of firms which shows that most of the commercial activity in the service of French farming in its confrontation with the world market is based on two types of firms, subsidiaries of big international firms and cooperative unions. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 126 Number: 351153 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351153 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351153/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_2574.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jamet, Jean-Paul Title: La nouvelle ouverture des milieux agricoles sur le monde politique Abstract: It is not easy to study the farming community's new interest in politics because significant events must be picked out In the absence of complete means of analysis we shall limit ourselves to the study of events which have to a greater or lesser extent given rise to general debate in union movements. 1968 marks the beginning of fresh lines of thought in the farming community all of which react in face of the modernization of farming. In 1970 the paysans travailleurs » (workers- farmers) tendency almost gained the majority at the CNJA conference in Blois. In 1972, this movement became independent. The MONATAR and the MSTP appeared later along the same lines. Similarly at the same time the MODEF and the FFA develop considerably. Nevertheless all these movements are regressing today and do not seem to be acquiring a wide audience. Finally the farming profession still has a certain unity which requires analysing more closely than in the past. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 126 Number: 351154 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351154 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351154/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_2575.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Le mouvement récent des idées concernant la sphère agricole et rurale Abstract: What picture can one give of the evolution over the past 15 to 20 years of our image of the rural world ? What aspects of this complex whole have been picked out for study ? What has been considered characteristic, explanatory, significant ? What has been said about it ? What perspectives and what forecasts have been presented as probable or necessary ? Research-workers, elected representatives, civil servants, professional bodies, journalists, the press and public opinion will be examined from all these points of view. Interaction between these different groups is more frequent and deeper than one would think and often cuts across political cleavages. Is there a global attitude towards this question in France ? How can it be explained ? Is it a matter of fashion ? Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 126 Number: 351155 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351155 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351155/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_2576.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grossman, J. Title: En annexe -Trois éléments sur les orientations de la pensée française en économie rurale depuis 1960 Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 126 Number: 351156 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351156 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351156/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_126_1_2578.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Toutain, Jean-Claude Author-Name: Desaigues, Brigitte Title: Ecologie et analyse économique Abstract: The integration of the natural environment in economic calculations has never been carried out in a satisfactory manner whether the desire to pay has been appealed to, or the estimation of associated costs, or the estimation of compensatory expenses, or even to the estimation in terms of energy then converted into monetary terms (Odum). The analysis according to several criteria since it involves choosing criteria and estimating their relative importance, is a no more certain method of avoiding an arbitrary result. Only an economical-ecological functional analysis can give ecological criteria credibility and efficiency and can enable the n atural reproduction constraints within which the economic choice must be made to be fixed. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351157 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351157 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351157/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2579.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pesson, P. Title: Stabilité, diversité et maturité des écosystèmes : notions applicables aux sociétés humaines Abstract: Human societies have developed and develop at the expense of natural ecosystems in which man has acquired a privileged place. The notion of the stability of ecosystems is often associated with those of diversity and maturity. How can these notions of diversity, stability and maturity be applied to the most artificial ecosystems created by man ? Natural ecosystems develop towards greater energy efficiency, expenditure of energy per biomass present being constantly reduced. In anthropo-ecosystems, however, expenditure of energy per person is constantly increasing. In various ways man constantly increases and accelerates the flow of energy through his ecosystem, tending both to simplify and to concentrate the production elements which may give rise to various imbalances. The inter-specific diversify of primitive ecosystems is replaced by an intra-specific diversity of the dominant species — man. This diversity within human societies is linked to the complexity of their organization and can only be maintained by an increase in the energy flow. The stability of the global ecosystems is therefore today linked to this increase in energy being maintained. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351158 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351158 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351158/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2580.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rullière, Gilbert Title: Rapports entre agriculture et écosystèmes Abstract: It is logical to study the relationships between ecosystems and farming, for farming can be regarded as a particular type of ecosystem since man has stepped in to domesticate it, to change them profoundly and even to create totally artificial ones — agro- systems. This domestication of natural ecosystems has consisted in simplifying them so as to concentrate the productivity of the ecosystem on one chosen plant and maintaining it at a more or less unvarying high level. On the other hand the stability of agro-ecosystems is not as gerat which explains their stability which is marked by less resistance to external accidents or perturbations and also by the need continually to take compensatory measures in order to attain stability, the chief characteristic of ecosystems. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351159 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351159 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351159/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2581.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertolini, Gérard Title: Ecologie et choix socio-politiques Abstract: The movement in favour of ecology is part of the dynamic impetus of changing values. Present values are marked by the influence of economics. No new values have as yet been acquired involving the abandoning of other values linked to economic affairs, but there is an accumulation of values with priority given to the defence of acquired values. The policy in favour of the environment seems to be the result of many varied forces, with various motivations that are sometimes ambiguous. The environment which is the privileged place for the influence of external forces must also be considered as a field of sociopolitical forces. Such an attitude leads to certain criteria of choice and analysis being revised. In particular the analysis of costs and advantages must be abandoned or completed by a socio-dynamic type analysis aimed at showing up the interaction of various forms of reasoning and non-converging interests and at considering the "rule of the game" as being at stake in situations that may rise to conflict. Unlike the historico-relative nature — reversible and depending on given circumstances of the rules set up there appears the irreversible and variegated character of man's influence on this environment. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351160 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351160 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351160/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2582.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maestre, C.J. Title: Processus essai-erreur et pratique de la responsabilité politique Abstract: In industrial countries individuals and collectivities are today more and more faced by the limits of knowledge. They have to accept decisions made with insufficient information — in other words they have to make trial attempts the errors of which must be assumed by those who have made the decision. The trial and error process that one then discovers is no doubt not a novelty in itself, but its requirements, breaking with a great many common practices, seem formidable. When the expert loses his credibility the politician is increasingly isolated with his responsibilities, which are greater than ever before. The people he represents are ever more conscious of participating in decisions the risks of which concern them directly. The political attitude must then both include in its choice factors that until now it had only partially assumed — such as distant deadlines, complexity, the risk of unforeseen factors, the impossibility of going back on decisions, and be an element that encourages the forming of a consensus of opinion in collectivities since without the consent of the latter no attempt can be made. The stress is laid on compromise rather than on technical solutions and this leads to a redistribution of roles among expert, politician and the population in favour of the latter. What conditions enable the maximum to be got out of trials the implementation of which must obviously be accompanied by a minimization which invariably exists of the risks run ? Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 127 Number: 351161 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351161 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351161/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2583.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cusset, J.M. Title: Ecologie et politique des ressources naturelles Abstract: The economic crisis affecting most countries, the prospect of an association of mineral raw materials exporting countries, the threat of a return to protectionism may lead to policies of industrial withdrawal or redistribution the ecological consequences of which can still not be clearly seen. Thus it is necessary to wondzr how necessary it is for states to define a policy for managing their natural resources, which term should be understood in its broadest sense, that is to say including so-called environment resources but also waste that can be recuperated and reprocessed. The interdependence of policies worked out and implemented all too often separately leads one to look for complementarities and incompatibilities between objectives in order to arrive at a coherent natural resources policy. The perfecting of national and regional ecological — economic models, and the attempts to keep count of what is removed from nature should soon enable strategies related to the management of our natural resources to be estimated. Yet a coherent resources policy supposes institutional modifications, the setting up of which will take a long time, and that a choice be made amongst the means of encouraging and facilitating adaptations in the production system. Finally a national framework is too narrow to work out a natural resources policy especially with the prospect of industrial redistribution dictated by the new international economic order as yet in embryo. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351162 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351162 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351162/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2584.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vilain, Michel Title: Analyse de système, écologie et activités rurales, quelques réflexions Abstract: In spite of the powerful symbols that are still attached to rural space {and partly because of them), rural space is at the centre of questions concerning the conservation of natural balances. Of all the various methods proposed to take into account the ecological impact of changes in farming techniques or in the occupation of space systems analysis seems to be the most suitable because it is the most global. What methodological and theoretical demands should it satisfy ? Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351163 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351163 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351163/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2585.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Auray, Jean-Paul Author-Name: Duru, Gérard Title: Décision et écologie : le modèle JADE Abstract: The 'Games and Aid to Decisions in Ecology' (JADE) model, is based on Games theory and is intended to take into account the imperatives connected with decision problems in ecology in particular by considering acts-consequences systems. This model can be used for different purposes : description of conflicts, simulation of processes of application of legal rules and their being accepted by the various parties concerned. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351164 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351164 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351164/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2586.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deléage, Jean-Paul Author-Name: Sauget-Naudin, N. Author-Name: Souchon, Christian Title: L'analyse éco-énergétique des écosystèmes ruraux Abstract: The eco-energy analysis (AEE) enables energy investments in humanized systems, especially in farming and the food industry, to be estimated. Balance sheets have already been drawn up at various theoretical levels and in various forms taking methodological difficulties into account. For French farming, apart from global balance sheets, balance sheets for the main production networks and for the various types of farms in their relationships with the fertilizers and processing industries seem indispensible. - Moreover the methods of the AEE need to be confronted with economic analysis. In this way the similarity between the AEE and the labour-value theory. The AEE provides the means of analysing and judging the future ot the present management of natural resources. Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 127 Number: 351165 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351165 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351165/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2587.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heymann, Y. Title: Les inventaires des ressources naturelles par la télédétection satellite Abstract: The rational management of natural resources which daily becomes of greater urgency supposes a better knowlegde and, fi possible accurate measurements of the natural resources that have been used, are available, have been spoilt or are already disappearing. Multispectral télédétection by satelite enables numerical, regular and relatively detailed information to be obtained concerning all phenomena connected with the occupation and use of land. For this reason it is increasingly used as a means of inventory for natural resources — water, woodland, farm-land, quarries and gravel pits and human pressure inflicted on the environment are regularly and accurately observed. By means of the interpretation of the images and of multispectral satelite data woodland can be observed and protected, harvests can be forecast, water resources can be managed, and the potential of a natural region can be estimated. The rapid development of the material used and of applied technology means that considerable progress can be foreseen in this field which in the future will enable more accurate and more regular forecasts to be made at increasingly smaller expense. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351166 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351166 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351166/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2588.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lenco, Michel Title: Apport de la télédétection à l'inventaire et à la gestion des ressources en eau Abstract: Télédétection by plane or satelite provides spectacular results where water is concerned as in this field methods of interpretation are already operational. Photo-interpretation of images and their computerization show up phenomena that are recognized and classified according to their nature and their intensity. They enable maps to be mechanically drawn up and the areas corresponding to the different categories to be calculated. Télédétection seems to be an invaluable tool for drawing up inventories and above all for managing water resources according to what is available and to the need for information expressed by water experts, farming, town planning, industry, environment, country planning, and regional planning. Examples drawn from experiments in France and in North America show some of the possibilities afforded by this new, quick and often inexpensive means of investigation. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351167 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351167 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351167/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2589.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labouesse, François Title: Le modèle de développement soviétique et l'écologie Abstract: Along with ideological and historical factors physical conditions are one of the essential elements determining the forms taken by the Soviet method of development in its technical and organizational aspects. By taking this element into account one can better understand the logic of the farming model set up after 1929, and its evolution and the cumbrous form it is taking on at the moment. Similarly the problems of the use of nature and present technological choices cannot be examined without adequate reference to the physical conditions. Is it not necessary to think of technical choices — and hence the choice of society — and hence the choice of society — according to geographical zones ? Modern uniformization of ways of life, is not imposed by fate. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 127 Number: 351168 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351168 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351168/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2590.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fleury, André Author-Name: Mollard, Amédée Title: Systèmes de production agricoles et environnement Abstract: In the present social system the choice and implementation of techniques are guided by the degree of profitability of production units. In the immediate future this does not seem threatened by the economic and social costs brought about by environment problems simply because in general these costs are supported by the State or local authorities. It nevertheless seems necessary to estimate these costs accurately and in particular, how much has been destroyed and the ecological consequences of the present development of farming techniques. In these conditions the social benefit of the dominant farm production systems estimated globally and not on the level of production units may well decrease considerably in the long run. The critical points reached by the development of these systems both with regard to natural resources management techniques and to global economic and social profitability are such that different production systems that do not reach such critical points can be envisaged. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 127 Number: 351169 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351169 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351169/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2591.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramade, François Title: Perturbations écologiques produites par l'agriculture industrielle Abstract: Modem farming technology has perturbed the energy flow and has broken up the cycle of matter in agro-ecosystems. Considerable ecological disorder has resulted from this in the form for example, of a dangerous eutrophization of lakes. In certain cases even bio-geochemical cycles like those of nitrogene or phosphorus can be perturbed globally. Moreover the pollution of the environment by insecticides and certain chemical fertilizers has given rise to biological balances being upset and may well jeopardize the productive potential of the soil. Finally certain insecticides such as organicchalogenous compounds since they are not biodegradable have given rise to a total contamination of the biosphere and as a consequence the rarefaction of certain species of animals even though they live in remote zones far from human activity. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness Volume: 127 Number: 351170 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351170 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351170/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2592.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Decourt, N. Title: Environnement et politique forestière : quelques aspects Abstract: The forest is considered mainly as a source of wood for industry. This priority deserves thought. Wood as a material has properties that are of interest for the environment but its intensive production profoundly modifies forest-land. Moreover there is a certain spatial redistribution of wood-land ; there is less around towns and industrial zones and a considerable increase in areas of agricultural crisis. These two phenomena profoundly modify the landscape and living conditions. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351171 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351171 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351171/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2593.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Concurrence agriculture-forêt en moyenne montagne : une responsabilité locale Abstract: Unlike the rest of the world as a whole where forest areas are decreasing on a dramatic sale, in France woodland is progressing especially in moderately mountainous areas taking up space left by farming. This progress may well be in opposition to the objectives that have been given wide publicity, to maintain in these areas an agricultural population and activity. But the farming-forest competition is not often referred to either by politicians or by scientists. Their judgment is most often branch by branch. Even in texts intended to analyse the spatial aspects of planning there is this reticence. The term "zonage" is used to exorcise the fear of competition between grass and trees. The problems posed by this competition especially in moderately mountainous areas supposes that a choice should be made between farming and forestry objectives. Such choices cannot be made seriously bearing all the facts in mind except at a very decentralized level. They reflect local social forces. Two extreme cases are given : the Méjan Causse (1,4 inhabitants per sq. kilometre) and the Southern Vosges in Lorraine (100 inhabitants per sq. kilometre), illustrate this. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 127 Number: 351172 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351172 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351172/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2594.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Author-Name: Miclet, Gérard Author-Name: Rainelli, Pierre Title: Indicateurs liés à la qualité de l'eau et comportements. Application aux lacs d'Annecy et du Bourget Abstract: The search for environmental indicators is a descriptive approach but one which shows practical results fairly quickly. Its application to two Alpine lakes (Annecy and Le Bourget) is based on relating hydrobiological paramètres and socio-economic data. The comparative study of the two lakes leads to a global impression in which the purity of the water is of prime importance. It is possible to approach this through two hydro-biological variables : the colour and turbidness of the water. As for the various functions of water, there may be certain incompatibilities, which poses problems of spatial distribution and hence of planning. Four main functions (sport, ecology, social, and water to look at) have been set up and for each particular indicators are proposed. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351173 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351173 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351173/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2595.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 127 Number: 351174 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351174 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351174/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_127_1_2596.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bel, F. Title: Quel avenir pour l'agriculture en montagne ? Abstract: In this paper the writer recalls the development processes of French farming especially the present two-fold tendency towards industrialization and regression. Mountain regions are particularly affected by farmers leaving farming and by the growing lack of social life. To combat this the State is setting up a policy to compensate for natural handicaps. If taken to its logical conclusion this compensation leads to great and increasing expenditure for the State. Are other means possible ? Experiments carried out at times seem to indicate that they are — intensive stock- breeding, the development of labelled products, the re-settling of city-dwellers should be examined in the light of the overwhelming importance of modern techniques. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 128 Number: 351175 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351175 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351175/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2597.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gounot, M. Title: Ecologie et aménagement en Alsace Abstract: The writer describes the methodology and the main documents making up the study named « Natural Resources and Planning in Alsace ». Its aim is to estimate as far as possible local aptitudes and their impact further away — the first with 1/100,000 scale maps (phytoecology, fauna, hydro-geology and hydro-morphology, and land use), the second with adapted models (air pollution and the impact of DBO waste in water courses, an analogical model of the water level in Alsace). The setting up of a regional data bank has been examined. More detailed map studies and a socio-economic study of Northern Alsace have been carried out as a complement of the plan. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 128 Number: 351176 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351176 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351176/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2598.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pernet, François Title: L'utilisation des ressources biologiques du territoire Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 128 Number: 351177 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351177 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351177/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2599.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Osty, Pierre-Louis Title: Pratiques d'élevage et paysages du Causse Méjan Abstract: South of the Massif Central, the Causse Mejan is a high isolated plateau, part of which is inside the Cévennes National Park. Its very small population survives mainly on sheep-raising (in 1975 there were 450 inhabitants for 330 square kilometres). Some twelve years ago the state made a considerable effort to provide amenities and do plant trees. Together with ecological surveys socio-economic research was carried out, from 1974 to 1976, into the kinds of farming and of human occupation of the plateau (Brun et al. 1978). There we are particularly concerned with the nature and the distribution of the farms. The analysis of the technical systems made up of men, flocks and land, helps to bring out the role of ecological factors. The present impact of the socio-economic environment and the after-effects of the development of plant-life are considered. Questions are asked in various biological and technical fields. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 128 Number: 351178 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351178 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351178/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2600.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boyeldieu, J. Title: Les technologies agricoles fondées sur l'utilisation et la gestion des ressources naturelles Abstract: Economic efficiency must not be the only criterion in technological choices. The preservation and the up-grading of the resources of the environment must become a priority concern. The cultivated plant is the main biological resource at stake in the production process. The harvested plant is intended to satisfy a human need. It is also a means of improving the environment. The plant, as an instrument, must constantly be improved and adapted to the conditions of its cultivation. In order to create new genetic combinations increasingly complicated methods are worked out. The improvement of plants is a biological technique with a long-lasting influence. The physical and biological factors at work within the soil and the climate must be used to best advantage. The struggle against any kind of deterioration of the soil (erosion), against accidents and parasites, is an essential aspect of the increased potential and production value. The choice and perfecting of gentle techniques should enable efficiency and the protection of the environment to be reconciled. In conclusion, safe-guarding and improving the potential of the soil, preserving and making best use of the available water, are the main means of making progress in farming. Keywords: Farm Management, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 128 Number: 351179 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351179 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351179/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2601.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Pape, Yves Title: L'agriculture biologique, une alternative ? Abstract: At a time when in many organizations questions are being asked about the future of French farming it may be interesting to examine the experiments attempted by those in favour of what is usually called biological farming. In these attempts are there not lessons to be learned for all those who assert the need to promote « maximum biological added value farming» — in other words, to take into account the new conditions in which non-replacable natural resources grow ever more expensive ? One may also consider that this is a form of « social experiment » with many lessons for all those who wonder about the future of our society : the biological farming fringe does not follow the lines laid down by the dominant social system. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 128 Number: 351180 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351180 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351180/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2602.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Spedding, C.R.W. Author-Name: Cocks, R.J. Title: Les types d'agriculture économisant l'énergie ; une critique de l'orientation mécanique et chimique de l'agriculture Abstract: Of all man's deliberate activities, agriculture is by far the largest user of solar energy. The agricultural systems of the developed world are also heavily dependent on the use of support energy (« fossil » fuels). There are many ways in which the energetic efficiency of farming systems could be improved and there is no need to visualise this as « going back » or a return to earlier practices ». The problem is how to go forward but in a different direction, that takes account of the effect of high oil prices on the relevance of measures of productivity. Many of these changes do not necessarily imply changes in what Agriculture produces, simply in the ways in which production is carried out. However, there is no doubt that the biggest reductions in support energy use in Agriculture, and the biggest increases in all aspects of energetic efficiency, would result from a shift in the balance of crop and animal production (away from the latter). Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 128 Number: 351181 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351181 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351181/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2603.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiede, Günther Title: Sept observations complémentaires Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 128 Number: 351182 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351182 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351182/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2604.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Borgan, S. Title: « Small is beautiful ». Nouvelles idées concernant les dimensions des exploitations agricoles Abstract: The « new » ideas about the farm sizes and other structural problems in agriculture has developed gradually over the last decade as more and more negative consequences of the technological innovations and structural rationalization in the farming sector have become obvious. The technology, according to the new ideas, is taken as the main « adjustment variable », so that we shall be free to choose the sizes of farms, the number of farms and farmers, farm employment, and aggregate farm land politically as objectives for the agricultural policy together with the aggregate volume of production of each commodity. The idea of adjusted technology in farming is simply that we shall use so much technology on each farm as necessary to make it possible for each farm family to produce a certain amount of commodities on a certain amount of farm land, when the family's labour is fully employed. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 128 Number: 351183 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351183 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351183/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2605.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bages, Robert Author-Name: Nevers, Jean-Yves Title: Choix des élus, systèmes d'opposition et enjeux locaux dans les luttes municipales à la campagne Abstract: This article presents the conclusion of a survey of council elections and local decision-making powers. It was carried out in 5 communes » in the South-West and takes into account changes that have taken place between 1971 and 1977. These elections marked an important stage in renewal. In the 5 communes whole council teams have changed, both the mayor and his deputy have been replaced. Whereas one can observe a permanent choice of couneillors based on a selection of those who are « eligible » — in other words, candidates belonging to the « best families », mayors are replaced as if in an atmosphere of crisis. The similarity of «communal» problems raised during election campaigns is in strong contrast with the diversity of the opposition systems that make up municipal elections. Within a certain number of common problems one can nevertheless pick out a step towards diverging tendencies (conservative management/dynamic management, the village/country opposition ; farmers/non-farmers). The diversity of opposition systems is linked to the local social relationships network : in a framework of « peasant democracy » ideological traditions give municipal competitions their specificity (a-political opposition systems; dualistic left/right systems). Far from being a marginal phenomenon in the profound changes that the rural world is undergoing and being an obstacle to change, « communal » democracy in rural areas seems to be finding a new vitality limited by centralization and by state-imposed cut-backs. Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 128 Number: 351184 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351184 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351184/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2606.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chalmin, Philippe Author-Name: Monart, Ph. Title: Un sondage « à dire d'experts » sur les structures agricoles de la Seine-Maritime en 1985 : méthodes, résultats et critiques Abstract: The originality of that test is that it has been made by farmers themselves at the request of the Caisse Régionale d'Assurances Mutuelles Agricoles (Mutual Agricultural Insurance Fund) of the Department of Seine-Maritime. It shows a decline in the number of farms of 3,1 % per year, and only a development of structures above 35 and eventually 70 hectares. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 128 Number: 351185 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351185 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351185/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2607.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 128 Number: 351186 Year: 1978 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351186 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351186/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2608.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Une typologie de l'alimentation dans le monde Abstract: In spite of the uncertainty about consumption and food requirements and the limited significance of national averages, use can be made of the latest FAO statistics to attempt to bring up to date the world food typology. A first classification can be established taking into account only calories and animal proteins (instead of total proteins). If one takes lipids into account leads to this classification being slightly modified. Three main groups are each made up of approximately one billion people — countries that are overnourished, China and some other countries (almost adequate energy consumption but a very small quantity of animal proteins), seriously under nourished countries (well over a billion persons). The other two big groups are Japan (adequately nourished) and that including Brazil (adequate energy supply but animal protein deficiencies). Many individual cases lie outside this classification. This typology, based on national averages, must not lead to the great disparities in individual consumption being forgotten. Few countries are below 1900 calories per person per day, but it is probable that hundreds of millions of people are around 1500 calories or less. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 129 Number: 351187 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351187 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351187/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_129_1_2610.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yon, Bernard Title: Le marché mondial des denrées agricoles de Chicago Abstract: Prices of futures contracts at the Chicago Board of Trade are a forecast of futures prices of cash grains on which both hedgers and speculators mainly rely on to form their anticipations. Of course, Chicago futures prices are not the only information to deduce prices on the other parts of the world. But those prices direct price formation in other market places so that no one can ignore them. If the majority of French operators watch Chicago prices for the conduct of their own business, it remains among them a large ignorance of the mechanisms of the price formation at the CBOT level. This article is an attempt to provide a very basic knowledge of price formation on futures contracts at the CBOT in order to help business people in their own operations. Some basic examples are taken to show how things work in reality. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 129 Number: 351188 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351188 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351188/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_129_1_2611.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daste, Lucien Title: La formation des prix et le marché céréalier Abstract: In order to discuss problems concerning farmers in the Indre Department with them (price fixing and marketing of farm products) a survey of the grain market has been undertaken. Systems theory enables the grain market to be defined as a marketing system with a purpose (to satisfy suppliers and demanders by fixing a satisfactory price) and a complex environment (transport conditions, community regulations, impact of international agreements). The system influences itself according to two tendences — one towards stability, one towards perturbation — that cannot be wholly controlled. Being influenced in this way the system cannot regulate itself, that is the market risk. The producers, the cooperatives and local traders, and users attempt to passon a great part of this risk to international trade firms (whose action seems principally to advantage industrialists who make use of them). The grain market is an evolving system, the relationships between the various agents can modify it. In the Indre department the balance between cooperatives and traders is unstable. This instability and the increase in their stocking capacity locally enable farmers to demand firm prices. The pressures of agents on the market and of the nation as a whole, lead to state intervention which also complicates still further the grain market environment. Yet, price fixing and grain marketing cannot be dissociated. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 129 Number: 351189 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351189 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351189/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_129_1_2612.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ribon, Bruno Title: Efficacité et stratégie des groupements de producteurs : l'exemple des groupements de producteurs de pois de conserve Abstract: The farming and food industries have to group themselves to face increasingly keen competition. The farmers, as producers of raw materials have organised themselves as Producers' Groups (Groupements de Producteurs) in the canning industry. The aim of this research was to analyse the reasons for the great disparity in efficiency in the groups observed (average income/hectare). The groups may have two extreme attitudes — that of a screen betwen the farmers and their canner, or that of a catalyst of their energy. The study shows that the efficiency of the groups is greatest when the groups act as a catalyst of energy, making their members more motivated and encouraging greater active participation. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 129 Number: 351190 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351190 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351190/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_129_1_2613.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanc, Michel Title: Couches paysannes et élevage charolais dans le Nivernais Abstract: This article first outlines the introduction and the production of charolais stock in the Central Nivernais region and then more specifically considers its present evolution in this region. The writer notices that the majority of the farms produce unfattened stock, sold between 18 and 24 months, and then presents the social origin of the farmers and examines the factors that encourage them to adopt this type of production. The long-standing nature of this production system seems to depend mostly on an unegual alliance between two types of producers. Nevertheless the fact that this survey is limited to the farming population alone and does not cover all the economic agents in the meat network, reduces the scope of the conclusions that can be drawn with regard to the future of this production system in this region. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 129 Number: 351191 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351191 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351191/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_129_1_2614.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dewit, M. Author-Name: Bublot, G. Title: Analyse de la variation à court terme des revenus agricoles belges, 1955-1974 Abstract: The present study is intended to analyse the short term variation in Belgian farm income between 1955 and 1974. By short-term variation, one should understand the variation in farm income from one year to the next. We try to determine it first of all for farming's global income and then for each farm. We are particularly interested in seeing how it varies in time and how it varies with the production chosen by the farm and its surface. We establish that the short term variation in income increases in time to a considerable extent. Our analyses therefore confirm the increasing impression of uncertainty felt by farmers. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 129 Number: 351192 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351192 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351192/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_129_1_2615.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: Vers la stagnation du revenu agricole Abstract: The relative decrease in the importance of farming in all industrialized countries is an economic law that has been well known for some time, but it was usually accompanied by an increase in the quantities produced and hence of Income. But a careful examination of French Farming Accounts, recently readjusted with the new nomenclature, indicates a new fact that cannot but give the farming profession cause for concern. Since the beginning of the sixties the long-term tendency is for purchasing power to remain stationary. The writer, after checking this by calculations based on global statistics, tries to explain why, even without unfavourable comparative prices, farm income varies only very slightly with the increased volume of production. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 129 Number: 351193 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351193 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351193/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_129_1_2616.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 129 Number: 351194 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351194 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351194/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_129_1_2617.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dagenais, François Title: Vers une planification démocratique de l'agro-alimentaire au Québec Abstract: In the more highly developed economies of the world, the years since the end of the second world war have seen the emergence of a new economic infra-structure : the agro-food system. The agriculture of Quebec has not escaped this transformation from its historical subsistence farming into the new integrated complex of production, processing and distribution. The change in economic structure has given rise to problems of power relations end decision-making responsabilises within the system. Quebec has chosen an intermediate formula between socialism and free marketing. This cannot be realized without difficulties and the democratic process involved is explained in this article. Keywords: International Development Volume: 130 Number: 351195 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351195 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351195/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_130_1_2619.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pregent, Gilles Title: Le cadre juridique et administratif des plans conjoints de mise en marché des produits agricoles au Québec Abstract: To assure better marketing conditions for their products, the agricultural producers of Quebec and the other Canadian [Provinces have used the Marketing Joint Plan formula. It is a rather new mechanism that has been added to the other marketing systems (such as the cooperatives) at the disposal of producers, so that they can themselves exercice a better control on the marketing of their products. When a group of producers want to organize a plan, there is ordinarily a referendum held amongst all interested producers. Jt the required majority approves the proposed plan, which is in fact the charter giving the required powers, the plan binds all producers of the designated sector, being thus compulsive for the minority which has not accepted it. The plan is then administered by a Board of producers only, and it establishes the marketing conditions of the product involved by means of a collective agreement negociated with the interested persons or, if not, by compulsary and final arbitration. The Board may also fix most of these conditions by Regulations, and it can establish a central agency for the sale of the product; it can also determine production and marketing quotas. The Board must of course take into account the economic situation and the legal framework of the Federal Canadian constitution. The Producers' Board is also under the supervision of a Public Body, which must settle disputes and assure that the general interest of all the producers, the rights of intermediaries and consumers are protected. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 130 Number: 351196 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351196 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351196/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_130_1_2620.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pigeon, Rolland Title: Le rôle de la coopération dans la mise en marché des produits agricoles au Québec et ses interrelations avec la formule des plans conjoints Abstract: In Québec, there are close to 200 cooperatives, of which 168 are members of the Cooperative Fédérée de Québec. In 1977, this Federation had sales of 675 millions, bringing the total turnover of agricultural .cooperatives to nearly $2 million. The agricultural cooperatives are controlled by their members, on behalf of whom they both buy and sell, supplying 40 % of farm inputs and processing and marketing 80 % of all Quebec's manufacturing milk, 50 % of fluid milk, 25 % of Quebec's red meat production and over 65 % of ell the poultry meat. However, this important role of Quebec's agricultural cooperatives within the agro-food industry is poorly protected by the Farm Products Marketing Act (Québec) which overlooks the integration of economic functions, seeking to isolate the primary sector from the secondary sector, i.e. the bond between the farmer and his cooperative. Notwithstanding the shortcomings of the act, the Québec farm cooperative movement does not reject a Joint plan formula which considers the case for a particular product on its merits and within the special economic context. Incidentally, the Québec farm Cooperative movement denies the need for a joint plan for milk, but agrees to the application of thfe formula in the pork and poultry sectors. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 130 Number: 351197 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351197 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351197/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_130_1_2621.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grammond, Gaston Title: L'administration des régimes d'assurance-stabilisation des revenus agricoles au Québec Abstract: In 1975, the Quebec government adopted a farm income stabilization programme designed to protect, on an annual basis, part of the net income. Differing from the more traditional approach of price supports in relation to long-term averages, the programme introduces the use of the « cost of production » for calculating compensations to be paid to farmers. Estimation of production costs is one of the important points in the administration of the programme. These costs are established using a model « efficient farming enterprise » in the sector concerned and they are prepared in sustained consultation with representatives of farmers. However, administration of the programme requires considerable supervision in the estimation of yields and of the volume of sales. Because of its flexibility and adaptability, this programme may become a favoured means for directing agricultural development. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 130 Number: 351198 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351198 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351198/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_130_1_2622.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lavoie, Gilles Title: La stabilisation des revenus agricoles au Québec et au Canada Abstract: As a whole, government programmes for farmers have not succeeded in stabilizing prices of agricultural products at a level considered acceptable. Because the federal Agricultural Stabilization Act was not adequate, some provinces, including Quebec, passed their own legislation in this domain. Though aware that administrative price stabilization reduces the signification of market prices, Quebec believes that it must guarantee minimum returns to its farm producers in order that they may enjoy benefits comparable to those available to citizens in general. Through the financial security it ensures, Quebec's act allows for better planning of agricultural operations and proves a valid tool in the development of the agro- food sector. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 130 Number: 351199 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351199 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351199/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_130_1_2623.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Proulx, Yvon Author-Name: Saint-Louis, Robert Title: Plans conjoints et gestion de l'offre, un essai d'évaluation de leurs impacts Abstract: This article presents the main results of an analysis conducted to evaluate the impacts of Canadian agricultural marketing boards. Two types of marketing boards are considered. Those boards who do not control production seem to have an impact on prices at the farm level but not at the consumer level. The greater bargaining power given to producers is enabling them to capture a larger share of consumer food expenditures. Marketing boards who perform supply management functions exert more important upward pressures on prices at both levels. They also stabilize these prices. The problem of the monetary value taken by the production or marketing quotas under supply management is discussed and judged somewhat less important than other people have thought that they were so far. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 130 Number: 351200 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351200 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351200/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_130_1_2624.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Byé, Pascal Title: Mécanisation de l'agriculture et industrie du machinisme agricole : le cas du marché français Abstract: Until 1974 the mechanization of French farming developed in favourable circumstances ; so much so that it orientated if it did not dominate the technical model adopted during the farm industrialization period. This is due to three factors : an increase in labour costs, a rapid decrease in the active farm population, and conditions favouring the granting of loans for equipment. With the sudden change in the economic situation as a result of the oil crisis the dynamics of the farm machinery branch were modified. The aim of this article is to follow its re-orientations over the period 1956-1976. In order to do this two main periods must be distinguished — the period of the expansion or spreading of the mechanical model (1956-65) and the period of mere renewal of the market (1966- 1976). In particular the following relationships will be pointed out : — the relationship between the dynamics of the home market and industrial structuring —the relationship between the dynamics of the home market and the modification of the range of products. The main hypotheses concerning the strategies of the machinery industry when faced with the relative structuring of farm markets will be worked out from this analysis. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 130 Number: 351201 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351201 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351201/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_130_1_2625.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 130 Number: 351202 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351202 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351202/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_130_1_2626.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Economie agricole, agro-alimentaire et rurale Keywords: Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance Volume: 131 Number: 351203 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351203 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351203/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_131_1_2629.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Walter-Jorgensen, Aage Title: Le rôle de l'analyse économique dans la planification de l'affectation des terres aux usagers agricoles ou aux usagers urbains Abstract: It has been shown that agriculture has little chance of survival in areas where urban development has a strong potential ; that restrictions on the use of land have economic implications both in rural and urban areas ; the market forces alone cannot be expected to solve land use problems in peri-urban areas. It is in this context that land use planning shouitf be seen as a means of framing a model for the use of land, taking the different objectives Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 131 Number: 351204 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351204 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351204/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_131_1_2631.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Propriété foncière et exploitation agricole : contradictions et conflits Abstract: Land property institutions which appear to be a cornerstone of the social system are changing with the needs of the economic system. After recalling the birth and codification of the individual and absolute land property rights, during the revolutionnary period, in France, the author questions the perennity of this stronghold in the recent past. The multiplication of new rules concerning the use of rural land, in the last decades, reveals the nature of contradictions and conflicts between farming and land property and their sites. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 131 Number: 351205 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351205 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351205/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_131_1_2632.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harrison, Alan Title: Le financement du foncier rural Abstract: Price of farmland in England and Wales rose ninefold between 1955 and 1975 and well over tenfold between 1955 and the peak value £1,450 par hectare reached in 1974. Anyone buying land at any time from 1945 onwards and holding it for five years would never have failed to make a gain. It is evident that the widespread concern of recent decades that severe farm real estate transfer problems wouhd be encountered by farmers has proved very largely to be groundless. Inflation, farm support policies and interest rate subsidies have care of that. Generalisations are hazardous but, on balance, farm and fiscal policies in the United States have favoured the larger corporate organisation more than elsewhere ; in general, policies have tended to be risk reducing and therefore have tended to favour the larger. In the United Kingdom recent wealth taxation will favour the smaller, but a conjunction of taxation advantages and a narrowing of investment outlets have led to a growth of institutional ownership of farmland for renting which seems not to have been experienced by other countries. In the rest of Western Europe such developments have tended to be frustrated by ad hoc measures favouring the smaller family farmer already in possession. Three important questions pose themselves : — First, what is the future likely to hold in terms of the costs and benefits to be expected from the present largely inflation created farm business, scale and ownership complex ? — Second, and in contrast to the above type of question, there is the claim that, the great merit of the smaller family-run — In addition to this question of efficiency of factor use in the shorter-term and the longer-term gains to be expected from an ownership pattern which is more resilient in the face of risk, and, hence, is less prone to exhibit unstable adjustment patterns as margins over factor costs narrowly considered fluctuate with time, there is a broad strategic issue relating to the socio-economic breadth of the land ownership base. The aesthetic appeal of the countryside is a matter of concern to everybody, rural and urban dwellers alike, it is largely determined by the farming systems, narrowly considered, that are practised, but, it reflects also the wealth and the social and aesthetic values of its owners. The British countryside is largely a by-product of a social system which is no longer acceptable in its totality. Nevertheless, it resulted in a landscape which has given, and continues to give, great pleasure. It is a feature of land ownership policy which appears, as yet, to have been given relatively little thought, as attention has focused on short-term and narrowly commercial factors. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 131 Number: 351206 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351206 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351206/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_131_1_2633.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Economie de l'énergie et production agricole - Présentation Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 131 Number: 351207 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351207 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351207/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_131_1_2634.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Title: Les exploitations familiales. Croissance et financement. Problèmes et avenir Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 131 Number: 351208 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351208 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351208/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_131_1_2635.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Title: Le transfert du capital à chaque génération en agriculture. Aspects récents de la question en France Abstract: Starting from existing data — unfortunately rare and often insufficiently reliable — the writer attempts to estimate how great the transfer of capital (land, housing, capital invested) is from the generation that ceased farming in 1977 to that that began farming that year. He attemps to distinguish between the part of the capital that is immediately taken over by the new generation and the part they will acquire progressively. The rules governing succession obviously plays an important part in this transfer which is more and more difficult to finance in spite of increasing State aid and aid from the collectivity. This is what the difficult situation of the past few years shows, since it has resulted in a perceptible increase in the debts of farmers in spite of considerable inflation. Questions must therefore be raised concerning the future course of law and agricultural policy. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 131 Number: 351209 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351209 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351209/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_131_1_2636.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 131 Number: 351210 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351210 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351210/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_131_1_2638.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pasca, Roberto Title: Les problèmes des échanges agricoles méditerranéens Abstract: The aspects which divide Mediterranean countries are considerably greater in number than those which group them together. Whilst there is an abundance of discriminating factors, not solely economic, but also in particular sociocultural, institutional and political ones, which separate these countries, there is, apart from the geographical element, a common agricultural potential. This productive specialization has greatly affected trade flow. Change in consumer pattern, induced by slow economic development, has accentuated the trade deficit of these countries as regards the imports of European agricultural products such as meat, dairy products and fodder crops. In their search for a solution to this problem, Mediterranean countries, especially the less-developed ones, have attempted to increase the export of their agricultural products to Europe. In the utilization of such a strategy, great difficulties come to light concerning the low demand elasticity of these products with respect to imports. This results in the reduction of the productive potential, often quite considerable in this area. Obviously, these typical problems of backward countries appear in a deterioration of terms of trade with developed countries, in currency difficulties, and in a gradual fall in competition in the same export sectors. The increasing trade integration between EEC members and the other Mediterranean countries has at the begining given great support to the hypothesis of the determing role played by both the agricultural and agreement policies of the Community since the mid-'6O' s. Such an influence has been evident since the mid-sixties in two different forms : a) on the one hand the EEC policy was created also to protect its Mediterranean products, mostly in the backward regions, from the increasing competitiveness of the third Mediterranean countries, by means of various protectionist measures extended gradually to the Mediterranean sectors ; b) on the other hand, as a part of the external agreement policy, an opposite action has been developed toward a trade liberalization in several agricultural trades within the Mediterranean area. In the near future political as well economic influences of the EEC policies on the Mediterranean agricultural trade flows could only increase as consequence of the enlargment to Greece, Spain and Portugal. A structural analysis of the Mediterranean trade flows would require the study of the probable effects of the EEC policies; that for suggesting ex post evaluation on which policy (either CAP or agreements) has actually overcome the other, for analysing the way in which benefits have been allocated within the interested countries and finally for supplying a wider knowledge useful to forsee future events. Empirical results, obtained in particular for France, Italy and Greece, Spain and Portugal all toghether, have been deduced from an appropriate statistical and econometric analysis. As a consequence of future EEC enlargment to the most competitive countries (at least Greece and Spain), further trade divertion, and perhaps trade creation, in favour of the candidate nations can be expected, even if it is now very difficalt to foresee what will be the ultimate net balance of the benefits. Nevertheless it can be said that : a) if the EEC intends to preserve the interests of its Mediterranean regions in the long term, the enlargment policy must be carefully negociated in order to lessen the expected short term negative effects, specially in the wine, fresh fruit and olive oil sectors ; b) it a certain trade equilibrium with the other Mediterranean countries has to be kept, in order to maintain economic as well as political order in the Basin, the EEC will have to « reinvent » all its agreement policy for these countries to find the way to compensate them for the inevitable negative effects which will follow the enlargment. Because of the conditioning role of the EEC policies on the Mediterranean trade, which will be further increased as consequence of the enlargment, it then clear that a solution for a future trade equilibrium in this area cannot be reached without an overall co-ordination of the Common Agricultural Policy with the other external policies, such as the enlargment policy and the preferential agreement policy for non member Mediterranean countries. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 132 Number: 351211 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351211 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351211/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_132_1_2641.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tangermann, Stephan Title: Les relations commerciales entre la CEE et les pays exportateurs de produits agricoles des régions tempérées Abstract: Agricultural trade relations between the EEC and temperate food exporting countries Starting out from a short account of the development of EC negotiating positions in international talks about agricultural trade which is thought to provide some historical background, it will be argued here that : — there are more considerations to be taken into account in agricultural trade than those on which the pure philosophy of free trade is based ; — even if this broader view is adopted, EC agricultural trade policy looks overly protectionist ; — apart from the general protectionist nature of EC farm and trade policy there are some practices in the CAP which are particularly harmful ; — this causes not only economic costs in the agricultural sector but also political and economic costs in other areas; — there are specific political constellations in the EC which aggravate trade problems ; — there is room for more international cooperation which the EC could use without violating vital interests of the Community ; — the trading partners of the Community could adopt measures which would enhance the chances for more liberal policies of the EC. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 132 Number: 351212 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351212 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351212/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_132_1_2642.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tikhonov, Y.A. Title: La production agro-industrielle en URSS, problème de gestion Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 132 Number: 351213 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351213 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351213/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_132_1_2644.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: King, David Title: L'intégration verticale et les intérêts des agriculteurs Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 132 Number: 351214 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351214 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351214/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_132_1_2646.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debailleul, Guy Title: Le développement de l'intégration dans le secteur de la production porcine. Remarques Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 132 Number: 351215 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351215 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351215/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_132_1_4270.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viau, Claude Title: De l'intégartion verticale à l'intégration agro-alimentaire : la formation du concept de soumission du travail agricole au capital agro-alimentaire Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 132 Number: 351216 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351216 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351216/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_132_1_4271.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351216 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meulenberg, M.T.G Title: Les coopératives agricoles dans l'économie alimentaire de l'Europe occidentale Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 132 Number: 351217 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351217 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351217/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_132_1_4272.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: La coopération entre exploitations Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 132 Number: 351218 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351218 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351218/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_132_1_2650.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schaller, B. Title: L'aviculture française vingt ans après : les limites de la « révolution avicole » dans la filière volailles de chair Abstract: French poultry industry changed so rapidly during the last 20 years that is was considered as an exemple of the future organization of french agri-business. However, 20 years after the beginning of the « poultry revolution », there still are large numbers of poultry producers, chicken feed companies and slaughter-houses. This situation must be explained since, with the available techniques, the same production could be obtained from a few large producers and processing plants. Our analysis will attempt to show why the industrialization of poultry sector followed an inexpected path. The present report is based on the first findings of a research in progress Two warnings before the main results are presented : the main part of the study does not deal with eggproduction, it is based almost exclusively on existing data which are unfortunately sparse and fairly often uncertain. The distribution of meat chicken flocks is nearly statistically normal among the population of trench farm units. In other words, they are distributed among all farm sizes (in terms of acreages) and in all kinds of production systems. In spite of the high rate of concentration in poultry units during the last 15 years, their distribution among size classes and farm types did not change. In short, poultry units have been inserted in all kinds of farms, their expansion did not induce any massive change in their structure and the new model expected by many economists : the highly specialised poultry unit with no land, did not emerge. The main purpose of contracts in broiler production is to insure a flexible planning of production. However it isnot as widespread as had been predicted (30 % of production is without contracts) and many of the cases of integrationare rather loose with verbal agreements — not entirely unlike the situation of dairy farmers with regard to their relations withthe dairy industry. In spite of its low price, poultry meat was not heavily substituted to other meats. Competition between pork and poultry (stronger in France than in other OECD countries), the high rate of consumption of home produced poultry and the high level of purchases of poultry and rabbits produced by the small traditional farm flocks (nearly 50 % of the total consumption), the strength of food consumption habits (french people have been heavy poultry consumers for about a century), all these factors restrict the development of « industrial » broiler and explain the nature of their present market. It seems that these three conclusions shed some light on the original development of the french chicken sector. The lack of specialization of the farms producing poultry and its corollary, the small size of flocks compared to the optimal ones, are due to a double constraint : a)the poultry activity remains linked to the other farm productions because its labour requirements are now so reduced (between 1960 an 1973 the working time required for a medium flock was reduced by half). An other factor requiring insertion in a (diversified) farm is the low profitability of poultry and the high costs of the necessary investments. b)this structure of broilers production is linked to the structure of slaughter plants and the marketing system. In France most poultry is consumed fresh (not frozen), thence the marketing system must be very flexible and handle small diversified and urgent orders. This requires that the slaughter houses be able to draw on a variety of sources of supply. So the industry remains inconcentrated and does not now attract outside capital, in spite of what had been predicted. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 132 Number: 351219 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351219 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351219/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_132_1_2651.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 132 Number: 351220 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351220 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351220/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_132_1_2652.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valluis, Bernard Title: Bilan économique des échanges agro-alimentaires français Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 133 Number: 351221 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351221 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351221/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2654.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tirel, Jean-Claude Title: Influence des choix énergétiques quant aux rôles futurs de l'agriculture Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 133 Number: 351222 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351222 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351222/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2655.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Quel avenir pour les exportations agro-alimentaires françaises ? Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 133 Number: 351223 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351223 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351223/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2656.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351223 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: L'évolution du commerce extérieur et l'occupation de l'espace agricole Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 133 Number: 351224 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351224 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351224/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2657.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinguet-Rousseau, J.C. Title: Les tendances lourdes des exportations agricoles et agro-alimentaires françaises Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 133 Number: 351225 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351225 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351225/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2658.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lescanne, Philippe Title: Le redéploiement international des industries alimentaires et les silences de la politique industrielle française Abstract: For the past ten years the development potential of the French foodstuffs industry has been taken up by the concentration of firms and the adaptation of their industrial and commercial network to the evolution of technology and distribution in France. The development of the foodstuffs industry must now be pursued not only by exportation but also by investment in all its forms. The present analysis explains the motives, mechanisms and the means necessary to set up a French foreign investments policy beside its export policy. In this field, the French foodstuffs industry is lagging far behind that of America or Great Britain. This could be made up far more rapidly by a concerted effort towards development both abroad and in France, on the part of the French foodstuffs industry groups and the other branches of the agro-industrial sector such as firms specializing in farming and foodstuffs material. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 133 Number: 351226 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351226 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351226/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2659.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chalmin, Philippe Title: Rôle, Stratégie et limite des sociétés de négoce international dans le domaine des matières premières agricoles Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 133 Number: 351227 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351227 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351227/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2660.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kœnig, Ernest Title: Les leçons et les problèmes des négociations multilatérales du GATT Abstract: The « Tokyo Round » was the most important trade negotiation in the history of GATT. Agriculture played an important role in these negotiations because of its importance in world trade. The principal dim of these negotiations was « ... the ever greater liberalization of world trade » but « as regards agriculture an approach... which in line with the general objectives ... was also to take account of the special characteristics in this sector ». The initial aim of the U.S. was to create conditions where agricultural policies would be more liberal and the adjustment of market imbalances would depend more on market forces than on governmental intervention. The EEC, by contrast, insisted on the special characteristics of agriculture. Without excluding a reduction in tariff and non tariff barriers for certain products, the EEC envisaged commodity agreements for the principal products (grains, sugar, meat and dairy products). Within these agreements the conduct of world trade was to be coordinated, in the initial discussions basic questions of principle were raised, in particular as regards the special characteristics of agriculture, the international division of labor, the validity of the principle of comparative advantage, the role of export subsidies and the feasibility and efficacity of commodity agreements. While recognizing special economic and technical characteristics of agriculture, those who favored a uniform approach in the negotiations pointed to the special characteristics of various industrial sectors which, nevertheless, do not justify a special negotiating approach for each sector. The discussions on the international division of labor focused on the question whether this division should be enlarged or maintened within present limits but facilitated through international agreements. This question was also Jinked to the demands by importers for greater world food security which found their counterpart in the assertion of exporting countries that guarantees of supply presuppose guarantees of market access. Export subsidies were an important issue in the negotiations. It was not possible to achieve an international grains agreement but international arrangements concerning dairy products and beef were concluded. The negotiations showed that the agricultural sector is not sui generis. Economic laws apply equally to agriculture and to industry. However, in spite of divergent interests, efficient international cooperation in the agricultural sector is possible. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 133 Number: 351228 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351228 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351228/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2661.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: George, Susan Title: La politique agricole et alimentaire américaine face au reste du monde Abstract: In a world where most cereals are grown for self-consumption, America's role both in their production and their export, and her consequent place in the world grain trade are of primary importance. Agricultural exports are also vital for the USA whose oil imports and declining non-agricultural exports contribute to chronic balance of payments deficits. In the coming years, both volume and prices of grain exports should increase, the latter reaching, around 1985-86, the record levels of 1973-74. The USA's clients, whether industrialised or developing countries, do not seem to be taking countermeasures which could offset their increasing dependency on American exports. International bodies have failed, up to now, in their attempts to build up stocks and to regulate market fluctuations. Considering in the importance of agricultural exports to the economic health and even survival of the nation, it is normal that the US make every effort to maintain and to increase them : among such efforts are the use of food aid, the expansionist policies of grain producers associations and the perfection of worldwide agricultural information-gathering systems. It is probable that the United States will improve its dominant position on world grain markets and may well use this position for political and economic ends. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 133 Number: 351229 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351229 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351229/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2662.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bentolila, M. Author-Name: Theveny, M. Title: Problèmes monétaires, montants compensatoires Abstract: The fluctuation in exchange rates has thrown the agricultural policy mechanisms worked out for fixed rates into confusion. For years two zones have existed in Europe — that of strong currencies with fixed compensatory payments to subsidize their agricultural exports and that of weak currencies on whose exports was levied a variable tax. The persistence of this situation has led to distortion in exchanges and in the geographical implantation of the production. Banking mechanisms enable the uncertainty caused by fluctuation in exchange rates to be lifted. The European monetary system has given rise to the hope that the stock of monetary compensatory payments may some day be reduced. Keywords: Financial Economics, International Relations/Trade Volume: 133 Number: 351230 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351230 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351230/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2663.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deleau, Jean Title: La France, au sein de la CEE, dispose-t-elle de stratégies face à la remise en cause de la politique agricole commune ? Abstract: In spite of the successes of the common agricultural policy so far government criticism and that of consumers and even of farmers as well as changing economic conditions and the changing agricultural situation, lead one to examine whether alternative solutions to the common agricultural policy are possible. After having examined in turn and critically free exchange with the rest of the world, the European free exchange zone, and then autarcy, the writer concludes that these 3 hypotheses would transform an active, expanding form of farming into an assisted declining form which would affect the whole of the economy. The writer suggests therefore that farm prices and the balance of markets should be stabilized and that the main means of achieving this would be the levying of a balancing tax on substitution products and that the FEOGA budget should be adapted to the whole of the Gross EEC Product. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 133 Number: 351231 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351231 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351231/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2664.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bail-Collet, Le Title: Quelle politique d'encouragement à l'exportation peut aider les opérateurs à rester ou à devenir compétitifs ? Le rôle de SOPEXA Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade Volume: 133 Number: 351232 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351232 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351232/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2665.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 133 Number: 351233 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351233 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351233/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_133_1_2666.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubarry Title: Les difficultés des exportateurs de céréales Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 134 Number: 351234 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351234 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351234/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_4273.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Renoux, E. Title: Les difficultés des éleveurs de porcs Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 134 Number: 351235 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351235 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351235/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2670.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pluvinage, Jean Title: Les opérateurs et leurs difficultés sur le marché des bovins Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 134 Number: 351236 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351236 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351236/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2671.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Les opérateurs et leurs difficultés sur le marché du lait Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 134 Number: 351237 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351237 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351237/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2672.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sébillotte, Jean Title: Les opérateurs et leurs difficultés sur le marché du sucre Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 134 Number: 351238 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351238 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351238/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2673.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chalmin, Philippe Title: La politique des opérateurs sur le marché international du sucre Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Industrial Organization Volume: 134 Number: 351239 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351239 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351239/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2674.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vilain, Michel Title: Irrigants et carriers, un conflit à l'issue exemplaire dans l'Ouest Lyonnais Abstract: In suburban districts irrigation is often presented as an efficient and lasting method of structuring space. This option was in particular the basis of the hydraulic installations on the Millery-Mornant Plateaux to the west of Lyons, but ihe ownership of the land is at stake and the irrigation network. In this case seems to be a precarious rampart against the pressures in favour of a production competing with agricultural use (in this case, the mining of quarreys for sand and gravel). This analysis reconstitutes the dynamics of the conflicting forces built up here and the final hegemony of the quarreyowners. The means of this take-over seem sufficiently « ordinary » (a policy of sytematicalJy gaining possession of the land by outbidding farm and prices, an effective strategy in the collective debate held in order to establish the Plan for the occupation of the Land POS) to occur again in other hypotheses of conflict over the use of suburban space. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 134 Number: 351240 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351240 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351240/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2675.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bodiguel, Maryvonne Title: La femme ambiguë, à l'écart ou au cœur du monde rural ? Abstract: Nowadays, in the modernized, mecanized and sometimes specialized farm, there are no specifically male or female tasks, apart from the work in the fields which remains a manly work. Women have less work than in the old times and it is less toilsome. But on the other hand, leisure and laziness are partners in the local ideology. A woman must not avert from her family, her house and her farm. Any innovation in the field of feminine sociable is a victory upon the social pressure and the prevailing ideology. Today, animating and attending associations of social character is an outlet which is admitted. Thanks to this detour, women may go out and openly begin to take an active part in public life. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 134 Number: 351241 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351241 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351241/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2676.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Portugal, Luis Author-Name: Bublot, G. Title: L'impact de l'inflation sur les prix des facteurs et les prix des produits agricoles. Le cas de la Belgique, 1950-1977 Abstract: The aim of this article is to discover the impact of inflation and more particularly of its increase during the seventies on the evolution and the variability of prices affecting farms. To this end, we first analyse the variations noticed in input prices and farm product prices during the years 1950-1977 and then seek to determine the impact of inflation on the evolution of agricultural prices. The main results are given in the conclusion to the article. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 134 Number: 351242 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351242 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351242/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2677.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Judez, L. Author-Name: Velazquez, A.G. Title: Un essai d'analyse des relations entre le développement agricole et le développement global au niveau régional en Espagne Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyse the connections which exist in Spain between the non-agricultural development of a region and its agricultural development. In order to study these relations a multicriteria approach was used, employing two methods of data analysis (principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering methods). These methods were applied to individuals (in this case "provincias" characterized by twenty-two variables). Ten of these variables define the level of overall and non agricultural development in each " provincia " while the other twelve characterize the agriculture of the region. A primary analysis of the relations between the variables for all fifty of the Spanish " provincias " indicates that an important non-agricultural development in a region is a sufficient but not necessary condition for a rich agriculture. In the second stage, a study was made of the relationship between agricultural and non-agricultural development in the interior of three groups of "provincias", these being significantly differentiated with respect to their agricultural structure and their geographical characteristics. This analysis revealed, in each of these three groups, a fairly close relationship between the two types of development. The conclusion arrived at by means of the two analyses mentioned above, is that non agricultural development in a region brings about an agricultural development, although this is conditioned by the agricultural structure of the region. The existence, within each of the considered groups, of rather heterogenous provinces does nevertheless indicate that the non-agricultural development of a Spanish region considerably influences its agricultural development. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 134 Number: 351243 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351243 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351243/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2678.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohtashami Maali, Chahrokh Title: Organisation économique de la production agricole en Iran : coopératives et « agro-business ». (Mai 1978) Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 134 Number: 351244 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351244 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351244/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2679.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 134 Number: 351245 Year: 1979 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351245 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351245/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1979_num_134_1_2680.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Editorial Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 135 Number: 351246 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351246 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351246/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_135_1_2681.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kayser, Bernard Title: Le changement social dans les campagnes françaises Abstract: Results of a thirty-years long mutation. Present situation of farmers economy and rural life. Future problems. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 135 Number: 351247 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351247 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351247/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_135_1_2682.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Author-Name: Roudet, Michel Title: La politique agricole française et l'Europe verte : impasse ou révision ? Abstract: The CAP is no longer a source of progress for European Agriculture. The protectionism is too high and with large differences to productions.Asa consequence, Community expenditures are poorly allocated, induce discrepancies between production and needs, and aggravate income inequality. Distributional effect of CAP over countries exist and destabilize the european construction. They generate centrifugal tendancies as illustrated by MCA'S. France has poorly played her cards in the european game. Her market share has declined particulary for livestock products. The initiation of green money turned out to work against her interests. Many inadequacies of the CAP appear to be an extension of french conceptions about agricultural policy. It is urgent to propose a reform of the CAP on more efficient, just, and clear bases. Common prices should be restored. Apolicy based on degressive support prices and on lower food prices would be a way to make progress in that direction. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 135 Number: 351248 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351248 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351248/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_135_1_2683.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salmi, Ali Author-Name: Ben Said, Moncef Title: Agriculteurs tunisiens face avx impératifs de l'intensification : diversité des systèmes de production et des comportements des agriculteurs de la région céréalière de Borj-el-Amri Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Production Economics Volume: 135 Number: 351249 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351249 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351249/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_135_1_2684.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dermentzopoulos, Apostolos Title: Le problème de la taille des exploitations agricoles en Grèce. Le point de vue d'un économiste rural hellène Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 135 Number: 351250 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351250 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351250/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_135_1_2685.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charvet, Jean-Paul Author-Name: Rey, Violette Title: La migration des agriculteurs français outre Atlantique : fait anecdotique ou fait socio-économique ? Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 135 Number: 351251 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351251 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351251/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_135_1_2686.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wissner, Claude Title: Statistiques et changement social. Quelques réflexions à partir d'une recherche Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 135 Number: 351252 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351252 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351252/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_135_1_2687.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Plaidoyer pour l'économétrie Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 135 Number: 351253 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351253 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351253/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_135_1_2689.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 135 Number: 351254 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351254 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351254/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_135_1_2690.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Présentation de la session Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 136 Number: 351255 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351255 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351255/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_2692.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jamet, Jean-Paul Title: Finalités et enjeux de la formation économique des agriculteurs Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 136 Number: 351256 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351256 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351256/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_2693.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahé, Jean-Pierre Title: Finalités et enjeux de la formation économique des agriculteurs Abstract: Economie education of farmers cannot be analysed only as education of economic agents. Farmers are also actors in a profession and citizens of a community. In that perspective, education must strive to strengthen the capability of the farmer to become autonomous, and allow him to become a responsible actor in his personnal and social prospects. Such objectives are bound to emphasize what is at stake in any economic education program, among these stakes the stress will be placed on those related to links between economics and politics and also on those dereived from the necessities of agricultural policy. These stakes cannot be avoided : Economic education is part of the social reality. Therefore it must not be forgotten that the finality of education is to serve the individuals concerned. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 136 Number: 351257 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351257 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351257/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_2694.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marshall, Éric Title: D'une formation centrée sur un savoir disciplinaire à une formation centrée sur les problèmes économiques des agriculteurs Abstract: Economic training of farmers is currently dominated by the transmission of an academic knowledge : accounting and management ; this situation is due to historical, fiscal and institutional reasons. The necessary search for an enlargment of the field of this training must not hide the insufficiency of thinking about management itself. Farm management is traditionnally considered, according to the views of management advisers, as the set of methods leading to an economical and financial diagnosis of the farm. For the farmer however, management is firstly an action : decision making about objectives under constraints. Management training must therefore be also considered as a training to decision making. This remark, joined with scientific research on economic behaviour of farmers and on analysis of the farm in terms of systems, with pedagogic research and with future prospects of agriculture etc., leads to renewal of the thinking about both objectives and methods of this training. - If we want to increase the «strategic capability» of the farmer we have to emphasize economic analysis and decision making, tightly relating the farm, the family and the socio-economic environnment. - On a pedagogic viewpoint, we cannot be satisfied with transmitting a knowledge. Farmers have to acquire capabilities based on their own economic problems, on a better knowledge of their own economic behaviour and on their own experience of action. - At the institutional level, the training of trainers has to be reoriented and initial education and adult training should be more closely related. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 136 Number: 351258 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351258 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351258/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_2695.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ponthus, Bernard Title: La pratique de la formation continue donne un élan nouveau aux exigences de démocratisation de la formation en général Abstract: From the study of surveys carried on people going through adult training, a first part draws a few remarks which tend to show a certain gap between the opinion of the trainer about education and the experience of the trainee. Evidence of a second gap is also suggested between the professionnal know-how of the trainee and the knowledge, organized in disciplines which is affered to him. What are, in the training process, the causes of his uneasiness. In order to bring an answer, a second part will lead to better surround what is at stake in the action of training. Our trainer's talk, and the practical forms of teaching put to work, have both an emancipating effect and a role which consists of normalizing this emancipation, of fixing its pre-established limits. Better surround also what is at stake in economic training. Economics is both a domain for special activities and a particular aspect of all human activities, the functionning of which implies the exchange and the use of material means. Economics is therefore in deep and close relation with many other disciplines. In other respects, Economics has different theories, and approaches more or less enlighting the realities, the free usage of which is necessary in the training of someone to learn how to use theory. A third part selects among these considerations a few directions for the economic training of farmers and future farmers, which tend to the expression of needs, the intervention of trainees and students, the diversification of teaching méthode and pluridisciplinarity, the establishment of agreeed progressions. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 136 Number: 351259 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351259 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351259/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_2696.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Title: De la recherche sur les décisions des agriculteurs à la formation économique des agriculteurs Abstract: This article deals with the links which take place between action/research on the economic behaviour of farmers and their economic training. Firstly, the author presents the principal results of the research which he has been carrying over the last ten years on farmers' decision making, based on the consistency postulate (« f amers have good reasons to do what they are doing »), on the concepts of project, of situation, of perception and adaptation. Then, he reports an experience of action research conducted over three years on a group of farmers and their spouses, therefrom he derives lessons about theoretical and pratical problems which arise when farmers themselves are a part of the research undertaking : Inside the research effort on farmer's decision making, there is simultaneously an act of training of the farmers group and this act is in the same time the condition to get their participation. The action of training consists of the round-about way proposed to farmers : the building of a model (i. e. an image) of their farm, then the confrontation to reality leads to a better analysis of their situation and to a clarification of their project allowing to set up their problems in different terms and to make easier their solution. The author makes a plea for the generalisation of such groups as privileged places for research, in spite of emphasized difficulties. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 136 Number: 351260 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351260 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351260/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_2697.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vincent, Jean Title: Du postulat de cohérence à l'hypothèse que les comportements sont significatifs d'une tension intra-psychique Abstract: Why not talk earlier of an assumption rather than of a consistency postulate about behaviour and why not inquiring about inconsistent behaviour (i. e. behaviour ill-adapted to situations and objectives) ? A more general assumption is then that behaviour is significant i. e. that it has a meaning as a reduction of an intra-psychic tension, either to adapt to reality needs (consistent behaviour case) or to try to lessen unconscious anxieties, for example persecution anxiety or depressive anxiety. This kind of explanation, complementary to socio-economic analyses, is likely to help farm advisers in cases which would otherwise be difficult to understand. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 136 Number: 351261 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351261 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351261/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_2698.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacobi, Daniel Title: D. Jacobi, Rapport du groupe de travail n°1 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 136 Number: 351262 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351262 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351262/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_4274.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Compte rendu du groupe de travail n°2 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 136 Number: 351263 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351263 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351263/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_4275.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Espinasse, M. Title: M. Espinasse, Rapport du groupe de travail n°3 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 136 Number: 351264 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351264 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351264/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_4276.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Dr G. Thiede, "Auslandsfutter in der E.G. - Bedeutung und umfang" dans "Agrarwirdschaft" n°1 janvier 1980 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 136 Number: 351265 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351265 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351265/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_4277.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Severac, Georges Title: Boussard Isabel, Vichy et la corporation paysanne Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 136 Number: 351266 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351266 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351266/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_4278.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 136 Number: 351267 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351267 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351267/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_136_1_2700.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bontron, Jean-Claude Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: Les transformations agricoles et les transformations rurales en France depuis 1950 Abstract: If the agricultural and rural changes are well known in broad outline, the links between changes in agriculture and changes in rural space have been much less well appreciated. It seems clear that the interactions and interdependancies between an economic sector and spatial processes have not been clearly identified. Our intention in this paper is to examine the reasons for these omissions and to propose some answers from work that has been carried out on the relationship between agricultural and rural change. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 137 Number: 351268 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351268 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351268/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_137_1_2701.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Author-Name: Rainelli, Pierre Title: Les disparités départementales de l'agriculture française : essai d'explication Abstract: In the first part of this paper we bring up an overview of disparities in French agriculture at the regional level (the regional unit is in fact the department). We propose to classify them according to two factors. The first is concerned with the representative type of farming and the second is related to the general level of development. In the second part we use econometric analysis to explain agricultural incomes (defined as gross value added by standard man day) through a set of variables : land use, livestock, deadstock and the share of agriculture in active population. In the third part we discuss with some details the discrepancies beetween (observed) value added and (adjusted) value added using the model. Then we emphasize on the limitations of this approach. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 137 Number: 351269 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351269 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351269/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_137_1_2702.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Title: Une approche de la rémunération et du coût de la force de travail familiale agricole Abstract: According to the neoclassical approach, the income of family farming business is thought of as a sum of production factors being paid for. The limits of this approach, apart from those shown by the general critics of neoclassical distribution theory, are revealed in its own results, which emphazises that there is no' normal remuneration of production factors in agriculture. This may be a first clue indicating the domination bared*by peasantry, which would consist in farmers being paid only for the use of their labour force, when selling their production. Labour force earnings may thus be figured out according to family levy i.e. the sums that farmers withdraw from their receipts for family consumption. On the basis of this assumption, the author tends to figure out, for the whole of the French agricultural sector, the total spending s on the labour force involved between 1960 and 1975. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 137 Number: 351270 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351270 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351270/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_137_1_2703.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Foulhouze, I. Title: La représentativité du RICA Abstract: Can the trench RICA (Réseau d'Information Comptable Agricole) be used for estimating the national values of accounting criteria measured on each of the farms belonging to the sample? In order to answer this question, 18 criteria have been estimated by various methods, and compared to their known value at the national level. It was impossible to find likely and coherent estimations of these 18 criteria together, in the sense that the differences between computed and observed values of the criteria were greater than that which could have resulted from sampling errors. This result casts a doubt upon the representative character of the RICA sample. However, the problem could perhaps have been solved by using a more suitable typology of the farm belonging to the sample. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 137 Number: 351271 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351271 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351271/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_137_1_2704.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Weber, Adolf Title: L'étude des firmes multinationales dans l'économie alimentaire européenne Abstract: The appearance and the role of multinational firms in the agribusiness sector need analyses using several approaches : International Statistics, national studies of concentration and competition, case studies of firms. The author finds a statistical correlation between the size of the international market of a country (measured in 1924 billion dollars PNB) and the number of multinational firms (defined as the existing settlements in at least two different countries) which originate in that country. One billion dollars is necessary for a country to hold head quarters of six multinationals (all industries agregated) and the number is ten times larger for agribusiness, chemistry and mechanics industries taken one at a time. But other factors than PNB seem to play a role, in particular income per head. After commenting briefly the other approaches, the author regrets in the conclusion the lack of efforts committed to that domain and particularly for agricultural input industries. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 137 Number: 351272 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351272 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351272/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_137_1_2705.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sauvage, Bruno Title: A propos de la politique agricole commune Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 137 Number: 351273 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351273 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351273/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_137_1_2707.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moulias, Jean Title: Réforme de la politique agricole commune Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 137 Number: 351274 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351274 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351274/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_137_1_2708.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boucharlat, A. Title: Langage d'agriculteurs, langage d'économistes Keywords: Farm Management, Agricultural Finance Volume: 137 Number: 351275 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351275 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351275/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_137_1_2710.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Unknown Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 137 Number: 351276 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351276 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351276/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_137_1_2711.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Présentation de la session Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 138 Number: 351277 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351277 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351277/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2713.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubois, Paul Title: La rupture de la croissance française Abstract: From 1974 on, economic growth in France is only 3 % per year. This is half the rate of the past. Meanwhile the inflation rate has doubled. This shift is not due to an exhaustion of the dynamism of the physical factors of growth. On the contrary, it is the weakening of the expansion which explains the slowing down of productivity. The shift is no more attributable to the choling of a demand getting close to saturation after thirty years of rapid progress of material living standard. On the contrary the demand is limited by the induced effects of stagflation, and also by the balance of payments constraint : the increase of the oil bill and the slowing down of the economic growth in our commercial partner countries has set up an external constraint and has marked the bounds of our growth capabilities. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 138 Number: 351278 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351278 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351278/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2714.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertrand, Hugues Title: Le régime central d'accumulation d'après-guerre et la crise Abstract: In this article, the author tries to take a new look at the bases of the economic growth during the postwar period. Economic activities are divided into "productives sections " : in the first group are those (industrial, commercial, transportation) which contribute to investment (directly or indirectly : intermediary goods) ; in the second group those which provide consumption goods. Within this framework, the French post-war economy seems to be ruled by a " central accumulation regime ", based on a capitalist and capitalistic revolution of the production conditions in the consumption section, along with a corresponding mutation of the ways of life. These are the essential transformations and their weak dependancy on foreign economies, which are at work in the rapid increase of the accumulation rate (and the profit rate as well) which is observed during that period. These features would explain the original aspect of that period which the combination of a rapid growth in both the level of consumptions and the rate of accumulation. In the second part of the sixties, the progressive shrinking of the wide field open to accumulation by these changes, the corresponding extention of the same field in the world, an active struggle of wage earners to increase their income share, contributed to limit the conditions favorable to this rapid growth. The oil shock then transformed a latent crisis, hidden in France by the 1969 devaluation and the following boom on exports, into an open and general crisis. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 138 Number: 351279 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351279 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351279/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2715.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greiner, Pierre Title: Ruptures dans les séries nationales agricoles Abstract: After recalling the « normal » trends of agriculture up to 1973, the author examines recent changes. Production capabilities of the french agriculture (i.e. gross output and value-added level in volume) were affected by the economic crisis, but apparently not for a long time. A return to increase rates (in volume terms) similar to the ones previously observed seems to be under way. On the contrary, economic results have suffered from the general inflationary situation : farm income stagnation (in spite of corrective measures taken since 1974), widening of the gap in input/ output price trends. An improvement of the ratio between these prices would allow for a more satisfactory evolution ot the results in value, namely of the farm income. Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 138 Number: 351280 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351280 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351280/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2716.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351280 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Savary, Roger Title: Nouvelles conditions internationales de l'élaboration des politiques agricoles nationales Abstract: International conditions are seldom " new " but their respective relative weight in formulating national agricultural policies changes greatly. In the early eighties major importance thus attaches to : currency instability and the absence of any genuine international monetary system ; low or even negative rates of overall economic growth ; widespread high rates of inflation ; the absence of any agreed global strategy for economic and agricultural development ; the ever growing influence of multinational corporations, especially in the farm and food field ; the growing scarcity of natural resources i.a. energy ; the universal failure of national support policies to benefit the rue rural underprivileged ; and the uncertainties attending possible technological breakthroughs. Policy makers must therefore take into account considerable instability in external conditions and even possible catastrophic circumstances that may materialize. Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 138 Number: 351281 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351281 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351281/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2717.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viatte, G. Title: Nouvelles conditions internationales de l'élaboration des politiques agricoles nationales Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 138 Number: 351282 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351282 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351282/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2718.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: B. Collombel, J.M. Boussard, Rapport du groupe de travail A : les IIA et la crise Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 138 Number: 351283 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351283 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351283/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2720.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Jean Pelatan, Rapport du groupe de travail B : Crise et espace rural Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 138 Number: 351284 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351284 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351284/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2721.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Isabelle De Paysac, Jean Sebillotte, L'agriculture et l'inflation (1ère partie) Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 138 Number: 351285 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351285 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351285/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2722.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: J.-M. Boussard, L'agriculture et l'inflation (2e partie) Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 138 Number: 351286 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351286 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351286/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2723.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: F. Blaizot, Rapport du groupe de travail D: L'agriculture, source d'énergie ? Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 138 Number: 351287 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351287 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351287/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2724.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: J.-P. Butault, Rapport du groupe de travail E: Crise, productivité et emploi agricole Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 138 Number: 351288 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351288 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351288/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2725.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sourie, Jean-Claude Title: L'agriculture, source d'énergie : le point sur les techniques d'utilisation de la biomasse Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 138 Number: 351289 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351289 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351289/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2726.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 138 Number: 351290 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351290 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351290/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_138_1_2727.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Portugal, Luis Title: L'agriculture et l'inflation : le cas de la Belgique, 1960-1977 Abstract: The purpose of this study is, on the one hand, to establish agriculture's contribution to the general rise in the level of prices and, on the other hand, to determine the impact of inflation, in particular its recent acceleration, on the development of prices affecting agricultural enterprises and farm incomes. The main conclusions can be found at the end of the article. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 139 Number: 351291 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351291 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351291/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2729.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Author-Name: Viau, Claude Title: Le comportement des prix agricoles dans l'inflation au cours des années 70. Comparaison entre les pays de la C.E.E Abstract: In spite of the economical crisis and the development of inflation, the agricultural prices declining trend in Western Europe remained basically unchanged over the seventies. Nevertheless, the agricultural prices evolution, compared with the general inflation, is more favourable in the high inflation and weak currency countries than in the low inflation and strong currency ones. Agricultural prices seem less related to the general level of prices than to the price of the intermediate consumptions. In the Netherlands, because of a particularly slow increase of the intermediate consumptions price, agricultural prices can stay far below the general level of prices, without any loss for the producers. In this, the Dutch strong position in the international agricultural competition seems less related to the producers efficiency than to the low prices of the inputs they use. If one expresses the agricultural prices in ECU, the great dispersion of the national prices evolutions gives place to a remarkable concentration. Consequently, it appears that in spite of the agro-monetary disturbances, the Common Market unifying effect on agricultural prices remains important. Nevertheless, the determination of the national agricultural prices on the basis of a common price expressed in unit of account seems, because of the differences beetwen the european currencies, likely to accentuate the dispersion of the national rates of inflation. For this reason, the green moneys system doesn't appear economically unjustified. On the contrary the MCAs do not seem to be well adjusted to the situation ot the different national market prices. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 139 Number: 351292 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351292 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351292/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2730.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bompard, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Girard, Jean-Paul Author-Name: Postel-Vinay, Gilles Title: Le crédit, les agriculteurs et la crise Abstract: The gross income of farmers has been stagnant since 1974 although the volume of their debts has been growing. An analysis of the debt burden has been conducted with respect to its impact on income and areas with debt income ratio clearly above normal have been delineated. According to RICA such areas include farms of small economic size and also, if at a lower rate, the most indebted farms of medium economic size. Moreover, before 1974 increases in debt volume were used to finance development ; after that date deficit financing seems to have emerged. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 139 Number: 351293 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351293 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351293/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2731.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Ravignan, F. Title: L'agriculture, pétrole vert de la France ? Abstract: In the government lobbies they pretend to make from french agriculture the "green oil" of the Nation ; they want the agro-exports to pay an increasing share of the energetic imports. But for ten years, this share has been decreasing, and the balance of agro-exchange hasn't grown as much as they were expecting. The trend in export of our agriculture induces a specialization with direct or indirect consequences on increasing imports of food products. Increasing the added-value of export products or trying to conquer new export markets can have just a limited effect. The reconquest of the national market, about which they begin to talk, is an other way, quite opposite to the expansion on foreign markets, and that suggests other fundamental choices of economic policies. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 139 Number: 351294 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351294 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351294/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2732.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barast, G. Title: L'industrie des engrais et la crise mondiale Abstract: « Fertilizers' use, 150 years old, gained its importance in the last twenty years, with a growing world population, its urbanisation and a consciousness of its poverty. Intensification, through fertilizers' use, of scare resources of land and water will increase the needs of the next twenty years. Nevertheless, there is a crisis within the fertilizers' industry : market déstabilisation through international prices movements, growing costs disparities according to raw material access. What will happen with rural development programs on one side, and industry's investment prog ram m on the other ? ». Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 139 Number: 351295 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351295 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351295/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2733.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delattre, Michel Title: Les industries agricoles et alimentaires : croissance et crise Abstract: Based on a series of reports stretching from 1959 to 1979, it is possible to revise the evolution of food industry during the crisis in a more long-term perspective. The first specific feature of the sector is the proportion of households consumption in the demand for its product. In the sixties, the progression of this demand was moderate but regular. With the crisis and the reduction of households purchasing power, food spending was finally reduced, even if it appeared in this area later than in other sectors. That declining domestic demand clearly played a key role in slowing down production growth. However, the crisis has taken on a specific pattern in this sector : it only shows a reduced production growth for the years 1975-1977, and a recovery since 1978. For the second characteristic of food industry is its dependence to agricultural produce offer. That offer was rather bad in 1976-1977, but its progression is very important since 1978. Adjustment between offer and demand shows the role of the stocks and of the foreign trade. The commercial balance had regularly increased from 1965 to 1974. After a spectacular reduction until 1978, it recovered in 1979 its 1974 level. Facing with growth reduction, food firms have adjusted their activity reducing much more the working time than the number of workers. Their investment rate began to decrease very early in 1970, in relation to profit trouble appeared as far back as 1967. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 139 Number: 351296 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351296 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351296/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2734.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bodiguel, Maryvonne Title: Echos d'un débat : quel avenir pour les déserts français ? Abstract: There is no desert in France, and yet, in certain administrations, in certain researches, they say there is one. Is there a frontier where the desert begins, is there a limit beyond which some Sahara would threaten ? What is the attitude of the State towards our under populated areas ? What can their inhabitants expect ? Can we find there the forerunners of a post-industrial society ? Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 139 Number: 351297 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351297 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351297/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2735.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Title: Crise de la politique agraire polonaise : comment sortir de l'impasse Abstract: In Poland, the food sector (and mainly agriculture) is now a heavy burden for national economy, as for investments and incomes of agricultural work (huge and increasing subsidies to the agricultural prices). The results of these expensive priorities are very disapointing since 1974, as for the production and the foreign trade. Why? - First reason : a steady and passive spread of the state farm sector ; this social model is necessarily expensive and especially in its Polish form, wasteful. - Second reason : in the private farm sector, still dominant, none of the basic first conditions of a bulky « second agricultural revolution » western type (specialization-concentration-mechanization) is met : - Sufficient and guaranteed supply of industrial inputs ; - Depressed general labour market : on the contrary, young farmers use more and more the open and relatively comfortable alternative of the etatic non agricultural employment, especially under the form of the family members multiactivity ; - Open and well regulated land market : this condition is only partly and locally met ; . Farmers reliance in the continuity of the farm policy of the state ; - Regulation, by syndicates and true cooperatives, of the set of relationships between farmers and the society as a whole. - Finally the agrarian crisis is aggravated by the general industrial crisis, but the first one greatly contributes also to the latter. Is there a « syndical » hope ? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 139 Number: 351298 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351298 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351298/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2736.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pétry, Michel Title: A propos de la représentativité du RICA Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 139 Number: 351299 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351299 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351299/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2738.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 139 Number: 351300 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351300 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351300/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_139_1_2739.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Foulhouze, I. Title: La productivité des exploitations du RICA, 1970-1977 Abstract: The VINCENT'S "global productivity index " is described, and used to measure the productivity of french farms belonging to the RICA (Accounting Network of the EEC). No productivity gains were found for these farms between 1971 and 1978. But, in view of the high dispersion of results, it would be difficult to conclude that the average input I output ratio has decreased during this period. Nevertheless, it is shown that it farmer's incomes are generally lowered by a productivity losses, they are not improved by productivity gains, when the latters occur. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 140 Number: 351301 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351301 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351301/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_140_1_2741.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chassagne, Marie-Elisabeth Title: L'agriculture et son espace dans une société post-industrielle Abstract: Farm economy has evolved during the past 30 years under pressure from a fast-expanding industrial, urban society; if agriculture responds to leadings demands from comprehensive economic and social systems, new needs in a slow- growth context will result in different farm evolution. Let us call «post-industrial society » an economical state where industry no longer generates employment growth, where income rates no longer rise, where energy costs increase. What will be the new pressure and new demands upon agriculture ? This paper develops the point of a dual farm economy. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 140 Number: 351302 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351302 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351302/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_140_1_2742.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hervieu, Bertrand Author-Name: Léger, Danièle Title: Recours à la ruralité et crise Abstract: Resorting to rurality - a better expression than returning to land - is a phenomenon which can be observed again and again in the history of the French social formation. The process is always characterized by a lack of determination which sends us back to its twofold appearence : it presents an utopie side and a ' manipulated ' side, probably because of the very fact that it always appears as a response to crisis. For instance, the ' domestic ' developped in the countryside during the Ancien Regime was a response to an economic crisis ; for a good part, it was a social political crisis which was at the source of agrarism. The cultural and economical crisis we are going through gives a specificity to the present neoruralism, a movement which is situated at the crossroads of two concommittant phenomena : the reorientation ofetatic strategies towards rural space and the specific crisis of a social stratus who lives the shaking due to the disruption of values attached to the notion of ' progress ', in a quite intensive manner. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use Volume: 140 Number: 351303 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351303 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351303/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_140_1_2743.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: Inflation et choix des techniques agricoles 1970-1979 Abstract: During the last decades, industrial production means have been subject to important price increases which have not been proportionnally transmitted to the producer prices of farm products. In an economic situation characterized by lower farm incomes and increased unemployment the farmers using these production means rather than man-power are still economically more competitive. In spite of a slowdown since 1975, the rural outmigration continues and there is a preference for increased machine power to compensate the decreased amount of certain industrial inputs such as implements. The overall trend to substitute machines for man-power is slowed down but not reversed. the comparison on a national level of accounts from different categories of farms shows that there is still a strong correlation between the economic size of the farm, the amount of production means per worker and the income of the farm family. For all farm categories there is a fall in the amount of manpower and a rise in the amount of production means at their disposal. Consequently, it is very doubtful whether more man-power using production systems could be developped in the present economic system. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 140 Number: 351304 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351304 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351304/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_140_1_2744.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: L'enseignement de l'économie marxiste aux économistes ruraux dans les pays non marxistes Abstract: Teaching marxist economics is justified, according to the author who belongs to the neo-classical tradition, because marxism is at least a very good pedagogical means to make students conscious of the fundamental hypotheses, and hence of the limitations, of neoclassical economics. In a first part, marxism is presented as a general theory of economic and social development. This permits one to attract the students' attention on the relationships between production and distribution, on the social and political consequences of distribution phenomena, and on the difference between analytical and dialectical logic. The second part is devoted to some marxist authors' contributions to the analysis family farms in French agriculture, and the need for a global world perspective for understanding the problems of development and rural poverty. The paper ends on a plea for a complentarity, at least of pedagogical nature, between the marxist and the neoclassical traditions. This complementarity, it is true, can only the meaningful if one is convinced that ideological pluralism is absolutely necessary to the progress of scientific knowledge. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Political Economy Volume: 140 Number: 351305 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351305 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351305/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_140_1_2745.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Théodore Title: La politique agraire de la RFA Abstract: - The deep changes in the postwar period - The contradictions of individual growth - The socio-economic différenciation and union solidarity - The farm policy of the Government - The problems of farm wage earners - The reasons of the german miracle - The farmers' unions facing structural mutation. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 140 Number: 351306 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351306 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351306/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_140_1_2746.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Title: Le faire-valoir indirect ou l'association conflictuelle du propriétaire et de l'exploitant Abstract: According to the traditionnal economic theory, landlord would be a rentier stranger to the farm, while the leaseholder should be considered to be an entrepreneur. This picture misleads. Land proprietor influences the definition of the farm ; he supervises its functionning and investments. He is concerned in the life of the farm. Enterprise is divided in two parts. One is the ground-enterprise, holded by the landlord, and producing landed capital. The other is the merchant enterprise, holded by the tenant, and processing commodities. The different forms of land tenure consist in various way of relationship between both landed and merchant centers of agricultural enterprise. Share-holding system advantages landed property for this method promotes growth of landed capital. Farming system set up invariability periods for landed capital : a derived landed capital may arise in the farmer's hands. The new « land long lease system » creates a structure of « half-farming ». Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 140 Number: 351307 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351307 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351307/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_140_1_2747.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 140 Number: 351308 Year: 1980 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351308 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351308/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1980_num_140_1_2748.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Avant-propos Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 141 Number: 351309 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351309 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351309/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2750.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Une invention de l'Europe : les plans de développement. Origine, bilan Abstract: In 1968, MANSHOLT offered a bargain to the European farmers : some of them could ha ve the same income and leisure as the other workers, but they should work in farm enterprises of industrial size. Owing to a strengthened land planning, the development plans would permit for each farm the transition from the current situation to the planned one. For the members states, agriculture can incur slow developments which only need to be supported and encouraged ; the development plans which were defined by the Ministers' Council will not be therefore very selective. Ten years about after the MANSHOLT plan, there is still no such plan in Italy and Luxembourg. In the other countries, medium-sized farms mainly and stock farms more particularly have used them, to intensify their production by investing rather than to expand. The United Kingdom alone uses them for large farms. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 141 Number: 351310 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351310 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351310/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2751.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Viel, J.M. Title: La politique des plans de développement en France. Des principes avancés à la réalité des faits Abstract: Initiated in France in 1974, development plans are now instruments of EEC's structural policy defined by Sicco Mansholt in 1968. Although they are slowly settling, development plans constitute in some departments the main instruments of farms modernization policy. Concrete research about their settling in some departments shows the decivise role of the Credit Agricole in the acceptance of beneficiary farmers, through repayment abilities and financial guarantees required. These requirements are implying a high initial standard of development, meaning a bigger initial area and a higher technical level in beneficiary farms than in the others. Yet the importance of investments incurred by plans (particularly rearing buildings), and their resulting financial implications, require ambitious technical and economical ways (work productivity is doubled) which are not easy to fit up. So, we can't say that plans will be carried out well, even if farmers often work much more than planned. Concurrently, smaller farms, lowering their sigths, are checking at their development, because of reduction of State assistance, meaning an out of plan assistance less interesting than before. Will this concentration of resources upon a restricted number of making plans farmers enable agriculture to reach aims of income equality and adjustment with the market proposed by EEC's agricultural policy ? Probably not, and the only tangible aim which seems to be reach to-day is the increasing of agricultural production and work productivity. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 141 Number: 351311 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351311 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351311/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2752.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sébillotte, Jean Title: Les méthodes d'élaboration des plans de développement Abstract: Development plans, instruments which were introduced in the French agricultural policy, are drawn up in similar ways as much as the problem to be solved is the same : to forecast the technical, economical and financial evolution of a farm over about six years. These methods vary however due to their origin, in general prior to 1 972 and to the preoccupations of those who conceived them. The article takes stock at the position in 1980. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 141 Number: 351312 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351312 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351312/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2753.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Truffinet, Jean Title: Principaux aspects de la mise en œuvre des plans de développement en France Abstract: The principles and the general arrangements set up by EEC led France to noticeably change her reglementary apparatus in the domain of modernization. In front of the reservations of, if not the opposition from the farmer organizations, the new regime was set up slowly. The retained procedure is decentralized at the departmental scale and stresses the desire to preserve the responsibility of the farmer in his development choices. One can notice the progress of the number of applications. On the contrary one cannot see much change in the profiles of the beneficiary farms, except for a tendency for applications to arise from young farmers soon after their settlement. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 141 Number: 351313 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351313 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351313/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2754.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Godard, Danièle Title: La mise en place des plans de développement et ses répercussions Abstract: The procedure «Development plans» set up by the community instruction n° 72-159 has been implemented at a rather slow pace. Rejection may not be too strong a word to speak about this new procedure. But, after a period of progressive adoption, the process used induces very important changes in working habits of the farmers' advisers, and in the relationships between farmers and their advisers. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 141 Number: 351314 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351314 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351314/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2755.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Penel, Hubert Title: Crédit agricole et plans de développement dans la Somme Abstract: La Somme is endowed with favorable natural conditions, although it is necessary to give farmers the means to have at their disposal a tool for economic progress. Development plans were viewed as such a mean by the farm institutions of that department. It is those departmental bodies which, through their good relations and common will, made farmers aware of the plans, and constructed and implemented them. The role of «Credit Agricole» is studied here. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 141 Number: 351315 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351315 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351315/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2756.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Godard, Danièle Title: Ecarts entre prévision et réalisation sur les premiers plans en Haute-Loire Abstract: Twenty farms in «Haute-Loire» under a development plan since 1976 were surveyed during 1979. This work was aimed at setting up a method to follow up farms involved in the program, based on the analysis of the discrepancies between reality and predictions. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 141 Number: 351316 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351316 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351316/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2757.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klare, Klaus Author-Name: Neander, Eckhart Author-Name: Peters, Wilhem Title: L'application de là directive communautaire en République Fédérale d'Allemagne Abstract: In 1970, a program for encouragement and for complementary social aid to the farms (EFP) was published and implemented in FRG to allow for a better allocation of factors : land, labour and capital. Published in april 1972, the community instruction DME, relative to the modernization of farms, finds in part its inspiration in the EFP. The purpose is to encourage the farm units «capable of development» : their head is mainly farmer, he is an adequate manager, he has received a professionnal education (or experience) of at least 3 years, and he knows how to hold an accounting over 1 0 years. The author gives a brief overview of the present apparatus aimed at inducing individual farms of FRG to invest more. A few data are supplied about the actual implementation of that program in FRG. In the conclusion is mentionned the change in the public opinion of FRG with respect to that matter. Development capability is no longer accepted as a criterion for incentive. The desired aid could be a subsidy on interest rate open to everybody. In other respects, before anything else it is suitable to improve the balance of agricultural markets, would it be through strongly reducing investment incentives for individual farms (in particular for livestock). Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 141 Number: 351317 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351317 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351317/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2758.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Unknown Title: Les plans de développement aux Pays-Bas : bilan d'une politique Abstract: Pinguet-Rousseau, J.C. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 141 Number: 351318 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351318 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351318/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2759.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Unknown Title: Bibliographie Abstract: Économie Rurale Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 141 Number: 351319 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351319 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351319/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_141_1_2760.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Assabah, N. Author-Name: Masson, Philippe Title: Problèmes d'analyse de la production céréalière en Algérie Abstract: Summary : Cereal production constraints of the private sector in Algeria are analysed by means of agronomic trials and an economic survey. The trials, conducted in farmer's fields, under their own conditions, show that it is easy to increase the yield by better land preparation and especially by appropriate fertilization. Semi formal interviews have enabled us to establish a farmer's typology based on cultural practices and to show important problems as equipment shortage. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 142 Number: 351320 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351320 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351320/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4280.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351320 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rages, R. Author-Name: Rieu-Gout, A. Title: Conditions de travail et mode de vie des éleveurs de brebis laitières du sud-Aveyron (région de Roquefort) Abstract: Using a complex methodology based on interviews, work-time analysis and specific analysis of certain tasks, the amount of work load is heavy particularly for women who participate actively in farm work. There is little time for leisure or spare time. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 142 Number: 351321 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351321 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351321/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4281.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barrès, Danièle Author-Name: Bourquelot, F. Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Nallet, Henri Title: Le JAC et la modernisation de l'agriculture Abstract: If the Catholic Agricultural Youth Movement (JAC) has played an essential part inform modernization, the reason is not so much to be found in the originality of their propositions nor in their presence throughout the country. Their specific contribution is due to an analysis of the modernization within a conception of man and society on which all actions are based and within the young farmers find the reason to defend their profession. This is how the JAC has trained both modern producers and professionnal leaders for their organization. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 142 Number: 351322 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351322 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351322/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4282.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barrué, Michel Author-Name: Bages, Robert Author-Name: Blanc, Michel Author-Name: Broueilh, M. Title: Spécificité des marchés fonciers locaux et stratégie des agriculteurs Abstract: A comparative study of land ownership problems and strategies' in four well differenciated communes shows both the original characteristics of each zone and the well known common trends of the land market. Differences are mostly linked to the structure of local social relationships defined by the weight retained by peasants in the local society and the différenciations among peasants. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 142 Number: 351323 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351323 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351323/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4283.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Title: Propriété foncière et production du capital foncier Abstract: Proposal of a new analysis concerning relationships between land ownership and farm firm. In this perspective, the land-lord is an entrepreneur of e peculiar production unit : the ground-enterprise, whose function is to produce fertility of the soil. The firm, in the traditional meaning of this concept, should be divided in two parts : the merchant-enterprise, held by the farmer, and producing commodities ; the ground-enterprise producing real estate capital. Land tenure analysis concerns now the complementary and conflictual relationships between these two producing entities. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 142 Number: 351324 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351324 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351324/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4284.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Viel, J.M. Title: Les plans de développement en France Abstract: Initiated in France in 1974, development plans are now instruments of EEC's structural policy defined by Sicco Mansholt in 1968. Concrete research in some departments shows that this concentration of resources upon a restricted number of participating farmers does not enable agriculture to reach aims of income equality and adjustment with the market proposed by EEC's agricultural policy. The only tangible aim which seems to be reached to-day is the increase of agricultural production and work productivity. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 142 Number: 351325 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351325 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351325/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4285.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351325 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benoit-Cattin, Michel Title: Le conseil de gestion pluriannuel aux exploitants agricoles du sud Sine Saloum au Sénégal Abstract: After several years working with farmers, agronomist and socioeconomist researchers succeed in designing a method of helping farmers to better manage their production system intensification process. This method is part of a more collective extension action. It concerns the preparing of middle term objectives and the yearly organizing of the required stages. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 142 Number: 351326 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351326 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351326/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4286.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bentolila, M. Title: Productivité de l'agriculture française Abstract: The level of French agriculture's productivity remains below the one reached by most EEC countries. The crisis of 1974, the climatic hazards which followed disturbed long terme tendencies. However an analysis of the evolution of various subproductivities and of total productivity shows that French agriculture remains on a growth path. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 142 Number: 351327 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351327 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351327/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4287.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351327 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bentolila, M. Author-Name: Reviron, Sophie Title: Prix des charges : un indicateur par système de production Abstract: The evolution of farm expenses for several types of farms can now be studied, from 1970 owards, using a news index. The price component of expenses moved slower for cattle farms than for grain farms, horticulture or vineyards. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Agricultural Finance Volume: 142 Number: 351328 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351328 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351328/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4288.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Béraud, Daniel Author-Name: Gabrielsonn, A. Author-Name: Houston, G. Author-Name: Rose, Francesca Title: L'analyse des marges de commercialisation des produits alimentaires: objectifs, méthodes, utilisation Abstract: This report, which will be published shortly, takes of the present knowledge and the method of estimating and analysing food prices and food marketing margins and on the utilisation of the results of the analysis in seeking solutions to economic problems and food policy issues. It presents margin studies done by ten countries in this field : United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Finland, New-Zealand and Australia and by the Commission of European Communities. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 142 Number: 351329 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351329 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351329/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4289.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351329 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berger, Alain Author-Name: Arnaud, Charles Author-Name: Badis, M.F. Author-Name: Maamoun, M. Title: Le négoce viti-vinicole Abstract: Along the grape-wine marketing and processing channels, value creation takes places at different levels according to the influence its origin has on the final product. This is a cause of conflict between market operators. A study was made of the marketing and financial policies of the largest 150 wine trading firms for the 1973-78 period. It showed that intensified conflicts had led to a loss of the great power those firms used to hold. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 142 Number: 351330 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351330 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351330/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4290.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertrand, Jean-Marie Author-Name: Chalmin, Philippe Author-Name: Chominot, Albert Title: Le fonctionnement des marchés internationaux des produits agricoles Abstract: Our knowledge of world agricultural markets is at the moment limited to some studies on main products. Our purpose is to widen the analysis to other products which have yet not really been studied and then to generalize a reflection on the coordination of economic actors and its consequence on the evolution of agricultural système. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 142 Number: 351331 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351331 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351331/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4291.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351331 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boiral, Pierre Author-Name: Brouat, J. P. Title: L'insertion des artisans de création en milieu rural Abstract: An analysis of the cultural features typical of handicraft workers. The increase of this type of population in small villages is mostly an urban phenomenon which has given rise to a strong clash of cultures. We are confronted with two cultures which contrast with each other because the values they believe in are often antagonistic. But handicraft workers play a part in maintaining some of the values typical of the rural world. The handicraft workers themselves have a strongly characterized way of living. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 142 Number: 351332 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351332 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351332/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4292.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonvallet, J.P Title: Peut-on définir de nouvelles stratégies pour développer nos exportations dans le secteur viande bovine? Abstract: It is a necessity for France and generally speaking for the EEC now having permanent exports of beef meat to enlarge its market not only in Greece, Spain and Portugal but in other « outside » countries and primarily : Mediterranean countries, Middle East and Africa and to less extent Eastern countries. In some of them the most efficient strategy is a « joint venture » between the commercial approach and the development of agricultural and agro-allied industries projects which could contribute to the general development of this economic sector. Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 142 Number: 351333 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351333 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351333/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4293.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buttoud, Gérard Title: La politique forestière. Agent et mécanisme dans l'histoire française contemporaine Abstract: This research tends to bring out a framework for political analysis of foresty decisions. The relationships between private forest owners and the state have been studied from the professional press. The role and significance of public intervention in forestry is now being analyzed through the evolution of the French forest service since the XlXth century. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 142 Number: 351334 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351334 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351334/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4294.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Byé, Pascal Author-Name: Simon, Jean-Christophe Title: Les équipements pour les industries alimentaires : spécificités ou décloisonnement Abstract: The food processing equipments sector has been for long dependent upon the demand for narrowly specialized machinery. Now it tends to associate, in a new sectoral dynamic, various types of technologies, equipments, processes. With the new technologies and markets, several industrial strategies are at stake : firstly for the food industries, but more and more for the engineering equipment industries (both heavy and light) electronic industry.. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 142 Number: 351335 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351335 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351335/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4295.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Campagne, Pierre Title: Critères alimentaires et nutritionnels dans l'évaluation des projets Abstract: The criteria classically used in evaluation of rural development projects are not well suited in the case of many third world areas. They imply the existence of production units and require monetary units. In many rural areas, the objective is to better satisfy certain needs rather than improvement of money income. Food and nutrition can provide new criteria for project evaluation. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 142 Number: 351336 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351336 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351336/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4296.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charreyre, L. Author-Name: Soler, Louis-Georges Title: Diversité de l'activité agricole et développement des exploitations dans les vosges du sud Abstract: In the southern part of the Vosges mountain, the diversity of situation of the farms and of the « terroirs » is analyzed from three points of view : the farms and their logic of the production process ; the « terroirs » units where the interdépendances between the different types of farms are studied ; marketing the relationships between the agricultural activity and its social and economic background by which the evolution of the different production systems is determined. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 142 Number: 351337 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351337 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351337/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4297.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chassagne, Marie-Elisabeth Title: Agriculture et prospective Abstract: Agriculture is part of the international agro-industrial system, but it is also part of a national and regional socio-economic entity. This double integration serves as causal factor for agricultural and rural change. Prospective studies on the future of industrial societies should include research on the future demand for farm products and for land. Hypothesis are then formulated concerning the integration of agriculture and rural areas in post-industrial societies. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 142 Number: 351338 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351338 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351338/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4298.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chassagne, Marie-Elisabeth Author-Name: Renard, Vincent Title: Espace péri-urbain et transformation de l'usage des sols Abstract: Zoning to preserve farm land in suburban areas is difficult to implement. Economic analysis of legal rules seems a good approach because supply, demand and prices of land are deeply influenced by laws and regulations. Could land use regulations become neutral for land values ? This would require both fiscal mopping up of capital gains and use of pooling rules in the allocation of development rights. Keywords: Land Economics/Use, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 142 Number: 351339 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351339 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351339/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4299.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chevalier, Jacques Title: Antagonismes et conflits autour de la terre agricole en Basse-Normandie (1950-1980) Abstract: Conflicts pertaining to farm land in Lower Normandy during the past 30 years bring light on the fundamental antagonisms developing within the rural society and which are increased by many forms of pressure on land. However these conflicts do not develop uniformly throughout the area. Pressure on land as well as individual and group reaction to it vary and differences can be analyzed. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 142 Number: 351340 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351340 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351340/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4300.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chosson, Jean-François Author-Name: Loupias, P. Title: Perspectives pour la formation des salariés agricoles Abstract: In spite of efforts from various sides, only a small number (2 %) of salaried farm workers have benefited from existing training programs. A study in four "départements " shows that the main issue is cashing in on training efforts. Programs must lead to recognized improvements in qualification and to better pay. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 142 Number: 351341 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351341 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351341/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4301.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christians, Charles Title: La mise en valeur protégée des paysages ruraux wallons Abstract: Under the influence of urbanization and to some extent of mechanical and chemical agriculture, rural landscapes in Walloon areas of Belgium are deteriorating and losing their original features. The most beautiful and interestings spots should be safeguarded without imposing a burden on agriculture. Within the framework of land consolidation (remembrement) programmes, modern agriculture and landscape protection can be reconciled through proper inventory, appraisal and landscaping work, as shown by concrete examples. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 142 Number: 351342 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351342 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351342/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4302.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquart, Dominique Title: Processus d'industrialisation de la filière de la viande bovine Abstract: An interpretation of the industrialization processes which the beef sector is experiencing. The move over to industry-type processes is mostly controled by farmer's cooperatives with government support. Profits do not seem sufficient to attract private non agricultured investors. Several observations are presented to support this thesis. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 142 Number: 351343 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351343 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351343/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4303.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351343 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Couffin, C. Author-Name: Belloc, R. Author-Name: Missonnier, G. Author-Name: Prache, D. Title: De l'informatique à la télématique en agriculture Abstract: For twenty years for its senior member, a bit less for the others, this team has experienced data processing through the method of Permanent Budgetary Control. For two years now, they have been working at the changeover to telematics to meet the demand of the farmers who wish to obtain more information in the shortest possible time. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 142 Number: 351344 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351344 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351344/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4304.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coujard, Jean-Louis Title: Couches sociales et trajectoires individuelles: l'apport des analyses rétrospectives à l'étude de la reproduction des exploitations agricoles Abstract: Individual analysis of farms through two successive censuses shows that they follow various development (or regression) paths. The individual reproduction processes may be hidden by examination of averages. They show unexpected mobility and lead to a more dynamic approach to the study of social reproduction in agriculture. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 142 Number: 351345 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351345 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351345/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4305.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debatisse, Michel-Louis Title: Allocation dans le temps des produits agricoles: comparaison entre le système des majorations mensuelles communautaire et celui de la mise à prix de l'espace de stockage sur les marchés à terme Abstract: The intervention policy on the EEC grain market is completed by a system of monthly increments designed to level the sales of grain all over the year. The efficiency of this organisation is compared with the price formation over time on futures markets. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 142 Number: 351346 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351346 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351346/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4306.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deffontaines, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Raichon, Camille Title: Systèmes de pratiques, terroir, moyen d'analyse d'une agriculture régionale? Abstract: In the course of research carried out in the Castagniccia area of Corsica and in the southern Vosges, the two concepts of husbandry practices systems and of "terroir" (meaning fairly homogeneous zones of a few hundred hectares) were introduced in 1978. Beyond these two cases, are these concepts useful! for analyzing the agriculture of a region ? Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 142 Number: 351347 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351347 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351347/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4307.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351347 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deiller, G. Author-Name: Goffre, D. Author-Name: Nevers, Jean-Yves Title: Gestion municipale et pouvoir local en milieu rural Abstract: The comparative analysis of budgetary date for a long period of time (1950-1980) shows that in spite of local finance crisis aggravation since 1965, there subsists some marginal autonomy which allows rural municipalities to develop some different administration models reflecting choices between local competitive requests. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 142 Number: 351348 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351348 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351348/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4308.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deshayes, G. Title: Rationalité du comportement des coopérateurs Abstract: Farmer's cooperatives are firms of a specific type, different from capitalistic firms. This raises many difficulties in their management. A study of the rationality of members' behaviour leads to the conclusion that the financial objectives of the cooperatives differ from those of capitalist firms. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 142 Number: 351349 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351349 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351349/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4309.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diry, Jean-Paul Title: La localisation de l'aviculture et de l'élevage du porc: le cas de la Bretagne Abstract: The location of poultry-farms pig-breeding in Brittany is rather unexpected as this region is far from consumption areas and grows little grain. Such pre-eminence is due to the human background which responded favourably to impulsions from agribusiness firms. This early and extended orientation enabled pig and poultry farmers to lower their costs. This strong competitive position should reinforce itself except if foreign competition were to greatly increase. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 142 Number: 351350 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351350 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351350/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4310.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351350 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Douguédroit, Annick Title: Les reboisements des Alpes du sud : quel avenir? Abstract: In the past century, reafforestation concerned about 100 000 hectares in the Southern Alps. Its long term future is in doubt because stands do not regenerate naturally. Specific operations including replanting are now urgently needed to rejuvenate the stands. Who will pay ? Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 142 Number: 351351 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351351 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351351/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4311.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Foudrignier, M. Author-Name: Gryson, B. Title: Le devenir des enfants d'agriculteurs dans le nord de la France Abstract: An attempt was made to subdivide farms and farmers according to outlook for their children with regard to social mobility. Economic and socio-cultural indicators are used to build a preliminary typology. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 142 Number: 351352 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351352 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351352/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4312.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Garnotel, J. Title: Le développement de l'agriculture en Champagne Crayeuse de 1945 à nos jours Abstract: The chalky part of Champagne covers about 900 000 hectares and extends over parts of five départements in the East of the Paris Basin. The history of the area has been marked by ample economic fluctuations. Long term depopulation led to a large farm structure. It was shown that the potential of this land is high under proper management and abundant fertilization. Considerable development thus occured since 1945 in part because 120 000 hectares of idle or forest land were ploughed up. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 142 Number: 351353 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351353 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351353/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4388.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gasquet, O. de Title: La politique agricole commune et les échanges Abstract: The lowering of tariff-walls, first between the « Six », then between the « Nine », has permitted intensification of . intra-EC trade. But towards the rest of the world, the Community always appears as a consuming area, because apart from - limited and fluctuating surplues, important deficits continue to exist. In consideration of this, a new enlargement, even if it may create a new intra-EC dynamic, will probably only have a weak effect on aggregate food self-sufficiency. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 142 Number: 351354 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351354 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351354/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4389.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gasquet, O. de Title: Les investissements dans l'agriculture française Abstract: For agriculture as a whole, investments increased from 1959 to 1974 and stagnated since then. Though short term changes in farmer's cash flows may confuse the analysis some rather deep changes in the amounts and nature of investments in machinery and buildings appear. Data on land improvements are poor. For the "départements", some preliminary data for 1979 exist. It appears that investments may increase income disparities between "départements". Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 142 Number: 351355 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351355 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351355/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4390.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gautronneau, Y. Author-Name: Godard, Danièle Author-Name: Le Pape, Yves Author-Name: Sebillote, M. Author-Name: Bardet, C. Author-Name: Bellon, S. Author-Name: Hocde Title: Une nouvelle approche de l'agriculture biologique Abstract: Biological farming is a set of husbandry pratices. They must be judged as such i. e. by estimating whether decisions taken are consistent with stated objectives. This analysis is conducted for five farms which claim they engage in this "soft" type of farming. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 142 Number: 351356 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351356 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351356/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4391.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guellec, Agnès Title: Les départements français ont-ils une unité suffisante pour servir de base pour des études rurales ? Abstract: An introductory reflexion for a discussion and research group. The "département" is a convenient unit of analysis since many statistical data are available at that level. Is it homogeneous enough for rural studies ? The answer varies according to "départements", themes, periods of time. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 142 Number: 351357 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351357 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351357/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4392.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gueslin, André Title: La politique du crédit agricole sous la troisième république Abstract: In 1938, the Crédit Agricole is yet of limited importance : it concerns 15 % of masculine active farming population. During the Third Republic, it is financed for the most part by public funds. Its aim is to promote a model of competitive -peasant agriculture by middle and long term loans. However, in time and space, the model knows several adaptations. The creation of the Office du Blé gives importance to short term loans. According to farming areas, politics of Caisses régionales vary. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 142 Number: 351358 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351358 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351358/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4393.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buller, Henry Title: Taux de change et échanges agricoles Abstract: The effect of an exchange rate change on the trade of agricultural products is analyzed. This impact cannot be regarded as a simple variation in price. An econometric estimation of monthly EEC imports of US soybeans (1967-1976) confirms this prior assumption. The net result of an US dollar depreciation on the volume of trade is small, while its consequences on the timing of imports appear to be strongly significant. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 142 Number: 351359 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351359 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351359/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4394.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacobi, Daniel Title: L'installation des jeunes éleveurs ovins : les résultats d'une étude sur le public de la formation et de quelques cas d'installation Abstract: An increasing number of young people, many of them of non farm origin, want to set up as sheeps farmers. Training programs are not well suited to their needs. Budgeting studies show that most entrants surveyed will not reach a comparable income, particularly on account of capital shortage. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 142 Number: 351360 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351360 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351360/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4395.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351360 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labonne, Michel Title: Macro-gestion des écosystèmes: contribution à une méthologie du développement autocentré Abstract: A methodology for building long term agricultural and rural development strategies aiming at covering the basic needs of the population from a national basis. Scenarii of possible development of the relationships between natural resources, agricultural techniques and social organization. Implementation in some developing countries, with a precarious food situation and scarce natural resources (semi-arid zones). Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 142 Number: 351361 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351361 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351361/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4396.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Labori, M. Title: Ls localisations industrielles en milieu rural, à travers l'exemple de la Bourgogne Abstract: In Burgundy the distribution of population and industrial activities is very uneven. These are concentrated along the valleys, e.g. the Saône Valley, whereas the central rural region is threatened by desertification. Using food- processing industry as an example, it appears that industry is denser and more stable in "cantons" whose chief town has a population of under 10 000. There is a close relationship between industrial activity and demography. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 142 Number: 351362 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351362 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351362/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4397.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leplaideur, Alain Author-Name: Ruf, François Title: Quelques éléments sur l'évolution historique des économies paysannes de plantation en zone forestière africaine Abstract: A comparative analysis of peasant cocoa plantations in two forest zones one in the Ivory Coast, one in the Cameroons. They followed clearly diverging evolutions. So there is no single process explaining the emergence and the nature of those peasant plantation economies. Historical analysis sheds light on the development aspirations of the various social groups involved. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 142 Number: 351363 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351363 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351363/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4398.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lossouarn, J. Title: Rapport de prix et grandes unités de production de viande bovine Abstract: A study of the economic conditions under which feed grains are converted into beef, in the United States and in France, shows that the american feedlot system cannot develop in France. The main explanation lies in the beef meat feed grains price ratios which are quite different. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 142 Number: 351364 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351364 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351364/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4399.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Louault, François Title: Définition et délimitation des régions agricoles Abstract: Official agricultural regions of France do not give an objective account of the variety of land utilization and do not fulfil their initial double role which was statistical and operational. Modern classifications of farms according to their technical and economic orientations could serve as a basis for better spatial projections a/id more credible new deliberations which would serve traditional users of agricultural statistics but also country planers. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 142 Number: 351365 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351365 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351365/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4400.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maresca, Sylvain Title: La formation de l'élite paysanne Abstract: Based on the hypothesis that the selection of peasant leaders foreshadows, by its mechanisms and end-products, that which is subsequently operative in peasantry as a whole, the biographical study of farm gives a better understanding of the ways by which peasantry was able to manage its own selection, under the influence of a controling machinery consisting of farmer's unions and other organizations. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 142 Number: 351366 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351366 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351366/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4401.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mengin, Jacqueline Title: Appartenir à un pays. Deux exemples d'identification à de petites régions: la Haute-Maurienne, le Mené Abstract: This study is based on the concept of (small) area ("pays") to which people feel they identify in the course of a development process. This identification leads people to use the word we and to specify the group of social classes involved in the development process. As development gains impetus identification with a village tends to give way to identification with a development model. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 142 Number: 351367 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351367 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351367/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4402.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moisan, H. Title: Acquisition et exercice du métier: représentations que s'en font des agriculteurs Abstract: In the framework of study regarding the professional qualification of farmers (EQPA) engaged by the APCA, thirty farmers have spoken about their field. There are different systems of production situated in Brittany, in Indre and the Beam. These interviews which took place in 1978 have served as an object of analysis of the contents according to themes. A part of the results -obtained in this manner has been regrouped under the terms of mastering and practising one's profession : 1) the school and conditions of apprenticeship on the farm. — 2) Aspects regarding the practice of one's profession : for instance, professional and specific competence, perception of risks, and en vironmental risks. Questions arising from the presentation of themes. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 142 Number: 351368 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351368 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351368/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4403.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natali, J.M. Author-Name: Montgolfier, J. Author-Name: Berthier, Patrick Title: Le patrimoine boisé du Lubéron Abstract: In order to manage mediterranean natural lands (forests, matorrals, moors. . .) several alternatives are feasible : afforestation, grazing, spontaneous evolution, etc. To guide this management, the study is grounded on the concept of "patrimony" : a combination of tangible and intangible assets that help the incumbent to safeguard his autonomy and identity, and adjust over time to a shifting world. It proposes four objectives : producing biomass, maintaining diversities, avoiding irreversibilities, promoting coherency between a territory and the practices of its inhabitants. It gives way to a social concertation. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 142 Number: 351369 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351369 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351369/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4404.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nevers, Jean-Yves Author-Name: Bages, Robert Author-Name: Goffre, D. Title: Organisation de la chasse et identité locale Abstract: Hunting reveals conflicts and competition with regard to the use of space and nature. Municipal shooting associations, which are traditional, serve to build protection against misbehaviour by certain local people. They are in fact collective self defense devices which enhance local solidarity and reinforce the identity of the commune. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 142 Number: 351370 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351370 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351370/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4405.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351370 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Noël, Gilbert Title: Les tentatives pour organiser une communauté agricole européenne entre 1947 et 1955 Abstract: The establishment of the CAP results from a slow process towards the realization of an European agricultural community. From 1947 to 1955, this idea gained ground in Western Europe. The history of its developments emphasizes the economic and political obstacles to the constitution of a real agricultural common market. A detailed analysis of the views of the interested governmental organizations and of those of pressure groups provides useful indications. The « Green Pool » project is examined throughly as an original form of European integration. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 142 Number: 351371 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351371 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351371/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4406.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Orivel, F. Title: Les services de vulgarisation agricole : efficacité, obstavles, rendement. Une revue de la littérature. Abstract: Seventy case studies on the effects and effectiveness of agricultural extension services in the world are reviewed. Two main categories emerge : studies which evaluate extension services from an internal point of view, having rather negative conclusions, and studies which use a global economic approach, showing a positive rate of return of expenditures for agricultural extension services. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 142 Number: 351372 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351372 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351372/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4407.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351372 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Plet, Françoise Title: Aspects géographiques de la production de semences en France Abstract: The production of certified seeds which is developing in France reflects agriculture's dépendance on research firms which are creating increasingly sophisticated varieties. This production is governed by contracts between seed producers and farms which often count on this activity for an important part of their income. The spatial distribution of these farms is linked to ancient traditions and to the location of seed firms especially cooperatives ones. But he conditions of seed production in France are changing. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 142 Number: 351373 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351373 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351373/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4408.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351373 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raugel, P.J. Title: Enjeu, pour l'accord international sur le sucre (AIS), de l'utilisation, de la biomasse sucrière Abstract: The development of sugar gasohol should greatly help the International Sugar Agreement to establish the export quotas. The greater value attached to sugar and alcohol by-products as well as the possibilities of purchase of sugar by the chemical industry should involve a liberalization of sugar policies and thus reduce the causes of world price instability. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 142 Number: 351374 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351374 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351374/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4409.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rieu-Gout, A. Author-Name: Bages, Robert Author-Name: Barrué, Michel Author-Name: Broueilh, M. Title: Modes de vie et conditions de travail de la ferme dans l'agriculture Abstract: When compared with the sixties total work load is now lighter but the household-farm breakdown unchanged. In fact farm women provide a larger share of productive farm tasks and there is great fragmentation throughout the day between many heterogeneous activities. The way to a liberation of women would require redistribution of tasks and access to more responsibility rather than just lighter work. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 142 Number: 351375 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351375 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351375/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4410.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roux, Bernard Title: Réforme et contre-réforme agraire au Portugal (1974-1980) Abstract: What makes the Portuguese land reform so original is the important part taken by the workers in the action. After having occupied one million hectares belonging to the largest land owners, the workers have established collective production ways which are a possible alternative to the capitalist farm model in a liberal economy. The aim of the present drastic counter land reform is to destroy this working class experiment. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 142 Number: 351376 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351376 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351376/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4411.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soufflet, Jean-François Title: Production et commerce des bovins et de la viande bovine Abstract: The 1960-1980 changes in cattle and beef marketing are mostly the result of intensification and specialization of cattle raising farms which created new trade flows requiring new types of market operators. However, great diversing remains in production and marketing forms and throughout the cattle and beef industry, there are many more divisions than the traditional one between cooperatives and private traders. This diversity should be a source of efficiency and complementarities. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 142 Number: 351377 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351377 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351377/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4412.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Truchis, M. Title: Transports publics en zones peu peuplées Abstract: Report of an experiment in the Tarn department. Rural people who lack transportation can arrange by telephone to be picked up at a given time at their home. This service provides zonal rather than linear coverage and is useful for iow density scattered housing areas. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 142 Number: 351378 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351378 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351378/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4413.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Vigreux, M. Title: La production agricole en Europe Abstract: Over the past twenty years, European agricultural production, in the aggregate, has only slightly changed in composition, if greatly in volume. However, national data show a certain specialization, and regional data a stronger development of production in industrial plains, in the North of the Community especially. But those movements are not the result of the CAP. Rapid during the early years of the EEC, they have been limited during the ten last years. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 142 Number: 351379 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351379 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351379/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4414.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351379 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vilain, Michel Title: L'évaluation ex-post des décisions d'aménagement Abstract: Following 1) a case study about the observed consequences of an irrigation system (Millery-Mornant program), and 2) a critical analysis of the administrative experimentation in rural planning in France, an attempt is made to clarify the stakes and rules of conduct of an ex-post evaluation approach in the decision process. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 142 Number: 351380 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351380 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351380/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4415.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yon, Bernard Title: La formation des prix entre fabricants et distributeurs agro-alimentaires Abstract: Negociated prices between manufacturers and food distribution, are not the result of pure competitive forces, but of bi-lateral exchanges which have little transparency. The price discovery mechanism is therefore imperfect and generates a far from optimal allocation of ressources. There is expensive discriminations, as shown by the broad price constellation under which the same product is sold to different distributors, and among different manufacturers. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 142 Number: 351381 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351381 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351381/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_142_1_4416.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351381 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: La politique agricole commune. Crise et remèdes Abstract: A critical analysis of proposals made for the reform of the common agricultural policy. Its three basic principles (free movement of goods, Community preference and joint financial responsibility) are valid and should be better abided by Expenses must however be reduced and better orientated and exports developed. This requires lowered support prices and some mechanism to correct the worst effects of this fall in prices on farm incomes. Various methods are compared. Direct income payments with ceilings appear to have less drawbacks than other methods. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 143 Number: 351382 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351382 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351382/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_143_1_2771.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinon, Pierre Title: Structures et revenus agricoles dans la Communauté Economique Européenne Abstract: This overall survey of agricultural structures and incomes within the EEC aims to summarize the main differences in agricultural inputs and outputs from one country to another. The most recent figures show no tendency of reduction of the disparities, whereas both production and incomes may still improve. It is suggested that this increase would preferably take place in the less intensive countries. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 143 Number: 351383 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351383 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351383/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_143_1_2772.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiede, Günther Title: Bilans fourragers de la Communauté Européenne Abstract: The fodder balances of the member countries differ considerably. These differences are elucidated in the publications of the SOEC. According to a computation in terms of feed units, 44 % of the feeding stuffs consumed in the EEC in 1 978-79 come from grassland and meadows; in Ireland however, this percentage is twice as high whereas in Denmark it is only half as high. The «animal feedingstuffs, marketable» (such as cereals, manioc, oilcakes and by-products from processing industries) have a very different share in the average feed ration composition of the individual countries. Compared to a EEC average of 44 %, Ireland and the Netherlands make up the extremes with respectively 1 6 and 64 %. The use of oilcakes is particularity important in certain countries. According to a computation in terms of crude protein, oilcakes have an important share of total protein supply in Denmark (34 %), in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany (24-27%). In France, oilcakes represent only 12% of the protein consumption. Globally, the feed ressources of the EEC have increased with 14% between 1970/71 and 1977/78, the relatively heavy increase of imported feeding stuffs is greatly responsible for this situation. During the nine-year-period under consideration, the feed ressources and the livestock have had almost identical increases on an overall basis. The average feed ration per livestock unit was only slightly higher in 1977/78 than in 1 970/71. The yield per livestock unit however has been considerably increased which indicates that the livestock feeding efficiency has been further improved. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 143 Number: 351384 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351384 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351384/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_143_1_2773.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351384 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmid, Allan Title: Innovations institutionnelles et ressources naturelles Abstract: The author develops a set of tools aiming at institutions analysis if we understand by institution the rules of the game. He wants to make apparent hidden institutions and hidden role of institutions in order to permit institutional innovation which, as much as market forces, commands natural ressources use. This attempt of theoretical analysis is included in the american stream of institutional economics and is a wide broadening of the classical welfare economics. Externalities are no more thought as exceptions but as the general case. It applies to all situations of conflicting interests : Every course of action, when interest conflict, has indirect effects on the distribution of goods, resources of advantages. These effects are shaped (1) by the state of the law (institutions) which together with the initial distribution of resources, commands access to power, and (2) by the technical structure of the production process. Agricultural economics taken as management of natural resources is widely concerned by this kind of analysis. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 143 Number: 351385 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351385 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351385/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_143_1_2774.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cocquart, D. Title: Viande bovine, habitudes alimentaires et évolution de la filière Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss some of the factors involved in the evolution of food habits in connection with beef meat. For some authors, the consumers express their needs on the market and the firms manufacture the products which meet these requirements. For others, the firms manufacture the products according to their own aims, then offer them to the consumers. The author of this paper suggests that the evolution of food habits in connection with beef meat results from a permanent confrontation between the meat industry and the consumers. The changes that are occuring in the beef meat industry (FVB) are first described shortly and the development of an «industrial» pole with its particular aims and constraints is pointed out. The consumer's attitude towards beef meat and the evolution of the consumption model to which this product belongs are then discussed. Three examples are discussed : intensive beef systems, prepackaged meat and frozen minced meat from which is concluded that the transformation of food habits as to beef meat results both from the new profitability conditions of meat processing firms in the industrial pole and the new trends in food consumption which, in their turn, are related to the changes in the social conditions of consumption Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 143 Number: 351386 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351386 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351386/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_143_1_2775.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maresca, Sylvain Title: L'excellence professionnelle chez les dirigeants agricoles Abstract: The leaders of farm organizations are generally among the most modernistic in their region and often known for their professional ability. Professional success appears as the preliminary condition to representative positions and also a limitation of accessible posts. Even if the legitimacy as a spokesman begins with the recognition of professional skill, it is also necessary to prove qualities which go beyond this stage. It mustn't be ignored however that those representatives have a definite influence on the redefinition of the criteria for this very professional success. It could even be supposed that these leaders are the result of an anticipated selection operated ahead of the evolution in the rest of the farm population. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 143 Number: 351387 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351387 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351387/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_143_1_2777.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351387 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chosson, Jean-François Author-Name: Jacobi, Daniel Title: Développement des zones rurales marginalisées et formation des agriculteurs Abstract: The adult education policy in France may hardly respond to farmers' needs in marginal rural areas. This paper makes three kinds of suggestions to conceive a suitable adult education for marginal zones. 1.An adult education policy will be only an accompanying factor of an extension policy mobilizing sufficient resources. 2. The adult education objectives have to be distinguished according to the many kinds of farmers : middle class farmers, poor farmers, part time farmers, neo rural population. 3. Adult education must take into account the community dimension of any extension project. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 143 Number: 351388 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351388 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351388/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_143_1_2778.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 143 Number: 351389 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351389 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351389/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_143_1_2779.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Présentation Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 144 Number: 351390 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351390 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351390/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_144_1_2781.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Les transferts intéressant l'agriculture, une vue d'ensemble Abstract: Introductary paper for a conference on transfers to and from agriculture. Four concepts must be distinguished : the agricultural branch, farmer's households, rural areas, the agri-business complex. Many of the traditional arguments used in defense of agricultural support have lost their justification ; several economic arguments remain however valid. An analysis of some of the major transfers shows that knowledge about their magnitude and impact is inadequate ; more research would be justified. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 144 Number: 351391 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351391 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351391/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_144_1_2782.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351391 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tracy, Michaël Title: Objectifs et contraintes de la politique agricole Abstract: The impact on consumers no longer seems to constitute the main criticism of the agricultural policy, and farm prices have not been at the origin of inflation. The impact on taxpayers is more crucial as the price support is becoming more and more expensive without solving the problems of farm incomes ; in the particular context of the EEC budget, the cost of the CAP has become a major policy problem. The agricultural policies, including the CAP, do not aim to guarantee farm incomes. The price support remains their most important instrument although it mostly favours big farms and thus does not reduce disparities within the farm sector. The result of structural measures has been limited. The agricultural production potential remains important and with a considerable amount of imported animal feed still exceeds the absorption capacities of the EEC home market. Exports should be developped through a more coherent policy but such actions are subject to constraints of international trade obligations. The trends on the world markets will therefore become more and more important for the agriculture of Western Europe. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 144 Number: 351392 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351392 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351392/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_144_1_2783.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grehal, J.Y. Author-Name: Laurent, M. Author-Name: Message, H. Title: Le Parlement et les soutiens à l'agriculture Abstract: Although Parliament has lost part of its prerogatives in the field of agricultural policy, the constitution of the Fifth Republic and the Common Market has made agricultural questions the most ardently debated subjects in the National Assembly and the Senate. During the 1970-ties, Parliament has been presented with theses on agricultural policies which have had a great echo. The following article retraces these theses and argues in favour of a better knowledge of farm incomes, a more selective use of the very important public funds devoted to agriculture and critizises the practice of direct subsidies and the too social orientation of farm credit distribution. This article written in the beginning of 1981 considers the positions of the National Assembly as of its preceding composition which are very close to those of the Agricultural Commission for the VII Ith Plan.Nothing can be stated how ~ ever about the orientations of the new majority which will be defined within the agricultural budget proposal for 1982. Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 144 Number: 351393 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351393 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351393/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_144_1_2784.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darbellay, Charly Title: Politique de transfert en Suisse Abstract: The public transfers to agriculture are destined to finance the common tasks assumed by farmers for the society: food supply, maintenance of the natural environment and land occupation. The Swiss agricultural budget represents less than 1 % of the GNP. It is partially financed by import taxes and to a lesser degree by producers taxes, the main part being covered by the national budget. The actual farming policy is highly controversial; two major defects must be mentioned: lack. of selectivity at consumer level, reinforcement of the disparity between farmers. In this context, various solutions are under discussion, amongst others, the development of payments on the basis of the land cultivated, and the introduction of differential prices according to quantities produced and to the region. Keywords: Public Economics, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 144 Number: 351394 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351394 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351394/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_144_1_2785.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351394 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Title: La question des "transferts" dans le développement agricole en Europe socialiste (URSS et autres pays de l'Est) Abstract: The industrial and agricultural development of USSR and (after 1 945) other European socialist countries was characterized by huge transfers of wealth, first from agricultural to industry, and then in the opposite direction. This gigantic turn around can be understood only in keeping with the deep specificity (compared to the industrialized West) of the internal and external conditions, the rhythms and the mechanisms of the socio-economic development in this geo-political area. So one can explain the change from a «peasant» agricultural,collectivized in a way to function as an enormous ^surplus pump» to the advantage of the «primitive industrial accumulation», to a stage when one tends to realize, socially faster than technically, the «industrialization» of agricultural on a strict meaning, i-e the model of the «factory» in the fields. The setting up and the functioning of this model are generally costly and feed themselves, obviously, in great part, on a levying from industry. Keywords: International Development Volume: 144 Number: 351395 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351395 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351395/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_144_1_2786.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Casati, D. Author-Name: Lechi, Francesco Title: Inflation et transferts : le cas de l'Italie Abstract: Agriculture is a sector of the economy traditionnally concerned by redistribution of income as a result of its structural caracteristics, its weak bargaining power and the necessity of food security. Moreover, in Italy political reasons intervene. Beside the usual causes of income redistribution, in the last few years a new one has appeared : inflation. Agriculture can be in the same time a cause and victim of inflation. In the years 1 972-78 the indexes of prices in the agricultural sector have been growing at the same rate as in the other sectors of the economy. Starting from 1 979 the terms of trade have deeply changed. The new European Monetary System (E.M.S.) has led to a worsening of the agricultural situation with a sudden diminution of farm incomes. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 144 Number: 351396 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351396 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351396/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_144_1_2787.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Title: Analyse de la déformation de la structure du prix global de la production agricole par un élargissement de la méthode des comptes de surplus Abstract: The author applies the method of « surplus accounts » to the aggregate cash account of agriculture in order to apprehend synthetically the transformation of the expense structure in the agricultural sector between 1 960 and 1 975. In particular, the conditions of production factor accumulation in the farm sector and the compensation of the labour force in this sector are considered. The impact of overall economic fluctuations on the situation of agriculture are also clearly outlined. Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 144 Number: 351397 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351397 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351397/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_144_1_2788.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 144 Number: 351398 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351398 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351398/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_144_1_2789.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: L'efficacité économique de l'intensification laitière et la nécessité des aides de l'Etat Abstract: By comparing economic results with a ten-year interval of two sets of dairy farms followed up by the local farm management centre, it is shown that although the intensification has greatly increased the farm income, this increase is almost entirely consumed by that of operating capital. The intensification process then becomes a necessity as it is the only way to obtain an income increment which otherwise would have to be taken off the disposable family income. A process is thus engaged which becomes a purpose in itself. Under these circumstances, public aids appear absolutely essential for the existence and development of intensive dairy farms. Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 145 Number: 351399 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351399 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351399/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2792.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquet, Florence Title: Accumulation du capital et stagnation du revenu en agriculture Abstract: Between 1 960 and 1 978, gross overall farm income has hardly increased at all but a growing share of this income has to be set aside for capital accumulation in order to modernize production. Consequently, the disposable per farm income has increased little in spite of a massive off -farm migration. If the farmers have been able to raise their standard of living to a certain extent comparable to that of wage-earners, this is due to socio-economic conditions of modernization which release liquid funds of the same magnitude as the farm profits. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 145 Number: 351400 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351400 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351400/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2793.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger, Claude Title: Les aides de l'Etat à l'agriculture Abstract: Since 1 974, the State is forced to allot «exceptional» direct subsidies to the farmers in order to keep the promise to maintain or promote farmers' purchasing power. In fact, all budget items of agriculture are rapidly increasing and the share of direct or indirect public subsidies which contribute to defend the farm income now represent more than 50 % of this income. The State thus not only compensates an important portion of low farm incomes and reduces disparities between farmers but also secures the farm production system. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Public Economics Volume: 145 Number: 351401 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351401 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351401/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2794.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Title: A qui profitent les transferts par les crédits du FEOGA ? Abstract: The EAGGF expenses are often considered as a help to agricultural producers only. Such a help would be requested because of an insufficient competitivity of European farmers. Then, the increasing budgetary expenses would be the result of the more and more "artificial" protection of the Community production. In fact, the problem is set differently. As a matter of fact, we can note that a good many decisions are incomprehensible as far as the interest of the producer is concerned ; we have to look for other explanations. In fact, the choices that are carried out depend on many arbitrations between the confronted powers. It does not appear obvious, when considering figures, that the expansion of agricultural production, a better distribution of income between farmers or a will of the Community for nutritious indépendance are the most frequently used criterion. In fact, supplying consumers at the lowest price and indirectly backing up the rest of are sometimes what is prevailing. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 145 Number: 351402 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351402 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351402/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2795.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: L'image socio-politique des agriculteurs dans l'opinion : évolution depuis 1945 Abstract: In general French people agree with Governmental grants or subsidies to agriculture. Furthermore many of them think special help has to be bestowed upon the poorest farmers. Farmers are not liable for the difficulties they come across. They undergo numerous risks and are not responsible for the slumps or high prices. Agriculture has also to be supported because it is one of the main French economic forces and may even become a stronger one. Income transfers are useful provided they are well assigned. In the long run, they are profitable to the whole national community in so far as they are necessary not only to the economic balance but to the quality of life of all citizens. Even if it is not the full picture of French public opinion, it is anyhow, the image given by a hundred of polls collected since 1945. Keywords: Public Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 145 Number: 351403 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351403 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351403/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2796.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nassef, M. Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Foulhouze, I. Title: Les comptes de surplus de la branche agricole, depuis 1960 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 145 Number: 351404 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351404 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351404/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2798.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351404 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serra, Sylvie Title: L'efficacité des aides à l'investissement dans les IAA Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 145 Number: 351405 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351405 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351405/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2799.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351405 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albert, Pierre Title: Les transferts Etat-IAA sous forme de subventions Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 145 Number: 351406 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351406 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351406/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2800.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Title: Politique de prix agricoles : objectifs et instruments Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 145 Number: 351407 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351407 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351407/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2801.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Remy, Pierre Title: Consommateurs et contribuable face à la politique agricole : le cas de la montagne Keywords: Agribusiness, Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 145 Number: 351408 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351408 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351408/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2802.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351408 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Title: Une durée de travail souvent excessive en agriculture Abstract: There is in the whole society a strong pressure to reduce the working time. But, in agriculture, at least in the sector of animal productions, the time spent in working often remains considerable and the holidays rare or short. That is especially true for the farm's heads, for many livestock producers, together with their wifes, who are still working every day of the year. It is also true for some wageearners, the interindividual variability being in any case important. No doubt, the working time is difficult to measure in agriculture, and the available data are incomplete and debatable ; however these data tend to sustain assumption of frequent persistence of a long, too long, working time, while the agricultural work is becoming less and less slow or porous. Historically, it appears strange that such living conditions are still accepted in the little farms peasantry and in a part of middle-size modernized farms ; people work much and earn little. Would it not be a survival of ethics based towards toil and effort ? In the case of dairy farms, the reasons are multiple and variable according to the individuals. But the principal explanation, it seems, is that livestock producers still suffer from economic domination. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 145 Number: 351409 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351409 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351409/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2803.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351409 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinon, Pierre Title: Eléments de comparaison des régimes fiscaux agricoles dans la CEE Abstract: Taxation is largely ignored in agricultural policies analysis, though it largely influences economic behaviour. At the Community level, taxation is still a national-oriented instrument, able to modify the conditions of competition. Some elements of an overall survey are given in order to show the possible approaches for further studies, which appear to be necessary for a better understanding of agricultural policy. Keywords: Agribusiness, Public Economics Volume: 145 Number: 351410 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351410 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351410/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2804.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lefebvre, Alain Title: Croissance et disparités du monde rural chinois Abstract: The Mao Zedong policy was intended to reduce traditional geographical, technical, economic or sociocultural inequalities in rural China. In spite of a certain improvment of the economic situation of agriculture (the reduction of the gap between farm prices and industrial prices) this goal-oriented policy has been a failure. The excessive favouring of cereal production has slowed down the overall growth of agriculture and restrained the dynamism of advanced rural branches without re,aity helping the poor units out of their underdevelopment. Mao's successors openly favour the development of these advanced branches. The result should be of overall benefit for Chinese agriculture which should continue to reduce its handicap towards industry. This improvment however, will have to pass through increasing inequalities and distorsions within the rural society. Keywords: International Development Volume: 145 Number: 351411 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351411 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351411/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2805.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351411 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: L'avenir de l'agriculture des Etats-Unis - et donc des échanges agricoles mondiaux - vu à la lumière de deux ouvrages récents Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 145 Number: 351412 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351412 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351412/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2807.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 145 Number: 351413 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351413 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351413/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_145_1_2808.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351413 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grignon, Claude Title: Les conditions sociales de l'intensification Abstract: Beyond the main outlines it allows to draw, research of historical conditions under which a culture shared by peasants of a given country has been produced points out social inequalities between groups ; these inequalities are evicted as well by the technocratic criticism of "traditional mentality" as by the populistic celebration of "peasant wisdom". By comparing agriculture of Brittany which is an exemplary case of conversion of peasantry to intensification, with agriculture of department of Sarthe which is an impoverished variant of the "Norman agricultural pattern", the author shows that resistances to innovation both are the expression of habits imbedded in regional cultures and the product of handicaps - not only economic ones - very inequaly shared out among the various farmers categories. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 146 Number: 351414 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351414 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351414/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2809.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Title: Les effets de l'intensification de la production laitière sur le revenu des exploitations et des familles agricoles Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the effects of the intensification of dairy production on the income of the farms and farmers. For this study, the dairy farms sampled in 1 978 by the French RICA (A ccounting Network of the EEC) which ha ve between 20 and 50 hectares, have been divided into groups according to indicators of intensification (number of dairy cows per hectare milk yield). This paper particularly shows that the intensification of the production increases the farms' income and the farmers' standart of living of which the household expenditures are an indicator and this happens in spite of increased charges induced by the accumulation of means of production, linked to the process of intensification. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Industrial Organization Volume: 146 Number: 351415 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351415 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351415/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2810.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonny, Sylvie Title: Vers un autre modèle de développement agricole ? Abstract: The model of farm development of the last thirty years has recently been questioned in the present context of economic crisis, increased energy prices, drop of farm incomes, increase of costs etc. Certain authors propose a reorientation of agriculture towards a more economical and self sufficient system with maximum biological added value. Others stress the necessity of amplifying the intensification process in order to increase competitivity, to develop exports and promote agricultural activity... The first part of our paper resumes the different elements of this question as endogenous factors drop in productivity of intermediate consomptions for example) or exogenous ones (consequences of the crisis...). A more precise aspect is then analysed more in detail by a simulation study : the impact of an increase in or a rationing of energy on certain types of farms. Finally, the conditions and possibilities of another more economical and more selfsufficient type of farming are examined. Technical innovation (biotechnology etc.) is not able to change alone the farm development model. What are the conditions, social implications and impacts of another type of agriculture and what should be its objects ? Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 146 Number: 351416 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351416 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351416/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2811.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351416 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Les conséquences économiques de l'indemnité viagère de départ Abstract: The economic impact of the policy of retirement grants for farmers (IVD) is difficult to estimate as the retirement is usually the consequence of the son taking over the farm. In order to gather information on the subject, a certain number of inquiries were carried out at two separate occasions among several hundred farmers in three departments : they consisted of 75 detailed and 225 more rapid inquiries intended to be computer-processed. The general impression left by the results is that the impact of the IVD policy is real although of limited scope. One of the reasons for the poor results is the assignee's lack of vocational training. This is an important problem in French agriculture : when French farmers are at the same technical and vocational level as the Dutch farmers, many problems will be settled. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 146 Number: 351417 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351417 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351417/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2812.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Title: Quelles sont les atteintes du travail agricole à la santé ? Abstract: Contrary a first impression, the effects of agricultural work on morbidity and mortality rates are not well known at present. Epidemiological researchs in France are lagging and ergonomie studies have been scarce in the agricultural sector. A protection policy has however been enforced ; this study shows that the information gathered through the policy implementation does not provide means of exactly assessing the frequency, the severity, the circumstances of work accidents and diseases linked to the existing conditions of agricultural activity. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Health Economics and Policy Volume: 146 Number: 351418 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351418 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351418/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2813.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351418 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Byé, Pascal Author-Name: Simon, Jean-Christophe Title: Le secteur des biens d'équipement pour l'industrie alimentaire : spécificité ou décloisonnement ? Abstract: The features of the food processing equipment (FPE) industry are shaped both by the forward linkage with the food industry and the lateral connection with the equipment goods industries. - At the beginning the production of FPE is narrowly dependent upon the demand for traditional equipments in the food industry. This exclusive relationship tends to limit the scope for both technical and sectoral development in the engineering industry where the firms are highly specialized. - Recently the move towards deeper industrialization in some sectors of the food industry creates a new demand for FPE of higher technological degree with a twofold consequence : - it stimulates the inter-sectoral transfer of technologies and equipments, it leads to the strenthening of the relationship between the FPE manufacturers and other specialized equipment. In the case of France the restructuring and the new connections of the FPE manufacturers took place recently. They give a strong impetus to the traditionnal sector of small firms towards international competition, and technological progress. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 146 Number: 351419 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351419 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351419/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2814.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nault, Michel Title: Le paysage rural médiéval : un livre de raison Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 146 Number: 351420 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351420 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351420/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2816.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubois, Alain Title: Un pétrole vert qui nous coûte cher Abstract: An original calculus, based on the national accounts, gives an estimation of the negative rent or, if preferred, of the economic negative surplus of the French agriculture. This analysis leads to policies based on a progressive evolution towards a market equilibrium; their effects, especially on employment and trade, are evaluated, with the framework of the general equilibrium theory. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 146 Number: 351421 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351421 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351421/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2818.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valarché, Jean Title: A propos d'une hypothèse de Denis Bergmann Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 146 Number: 351422 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351422 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351422/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2819.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: Réponse à J. Valarché Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 146 Number: 351423 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351423 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351423/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_4424.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Foulhouze, I. Title: La représentativité du RICA : réponse à des objections Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 146 Number: 351424 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351424 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351424/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2821.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 146 Number: 351425 Year: 1981 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351425 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351425/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1981_num_146_1_2822.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chataigner, Jean Title: Présentation générale Abstract: The purpose of this special issue of Economie Rurale is to present a certain number of papers chosen among the contributions to the autumn session 1 981 . This session was organized by the Société Française d'Economie Rurale on the theme «Technical Change and Socio-Economic Dynamics in the Third World Agriculture». The conditions in which the new techniques are usually introduced in the Third World explain to a great extent the difficulties encountered to make them accepted. Generally, the agricultural policy consists in isolated «projects» which are conceived to be export-oriented. Many contributions describe these kinds of situation and stress the frequent opposition between the interests of the State and those of the farmers. The main proposition which many results support is that technical and social changes are impossible to dissociate. Technical change is accepted when it is consistent with the existing system and rejected when it threatens it. Finally, many suggestions were formulated on the way to make observation methods and analyses of farm systems more efficient and better connected with research. The importance of a close relationship between research and higher education in developing countries was also stressed. Keywords: International Development, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 147-148 Number: 351426 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351426 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351426/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2825.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351426 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bichat, Hervé Title: Exploitations agricoles, technologies et pays en développement Abstract: The author specifies the factors which determine the choice of farming techniques in tropical countries : the national and regional environment, the state of science and techniques and the personality of the farmers. Even in a centralized economy, the farmers remain the decision makers in the farm sector and are the true innovators. This analysis predicts an increasing diversification of situations and farm models in the next twenty years. Consequently, there is no possible transfer in the purely agricultural field. The rural economist can only help the farmers to find their one way of development by using the existing production factors in the best possible manner. The technology transfers on the other hand are more easily operated in the food processing channels. Finally, the author believes that the new subjects of rural economic research in tropical countries will be the food supply to urban centers and the energy requirements of rural areas. The modernized farms will be the main actors of these new farm policies. Research structures have to be progressively adapted to these new constraints (divided according to products, disciplines and production systems). Keywords: International Development, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 147-148 Number: 351427 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351427 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351427/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2827.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faye, Jacques Title: Les tranformations vécues dans les sociétés en développement : l'exemple des Wolof du Sine-Saloum au Sénégal Abstract: Development theories explain almost exclusively the socio-economic dynamic of developing societies by the transformations which are imposed upon them. Through a historical analysis of family farm organization in a Wolof village community in Senegal the author tries to show that this dynamic can not simply be reduced to exogeneous factors. The evolution of control and distribution of labour, land and farm implements depend on the internal contradictions and conflicts of these communities. This evolution must be taken into account in development theories as it represents an important aspect of the dynamic of developing societies. Keywords: International Development Volume: 147-148 Number: 351428 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351428 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351428/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2828.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertrand, Jean-Marie Title: Le « boom » du soja au Brésil : les formes de développement agricole et alimentaire adoptées peuvent-elles servir du paradigme pour le Tiers-Monde ? Abstract: The tremendous expansion of the Brazilian soybean complex is not only caused by the transfer of the American soybean model (consumption and production model) by multinational firms. Neither is it a simple case of a «green revolution» success. The Brazilian complex results from a research effort, a response of the wheat and coffee producers and an «agri-business» mobilization helped and protected by the State. This complex produces an original model which although partially «dependant» is however definitively national. Cultivated on 8 millions of hectares, soybean is a capital-intensive crop, locally processed by a competitive crushing industry. Brazil is becoming a strong competiter of the United States on the international market of soybean meal and oil. The limit of the soybean model is its selective character — only 20 % of the producers receive credits and assistance— which creates a new desequilibrium between regions and products. The substitution between soybean and others crops leads to a certain food shortages. The constitution of the soybean complex is linked to the rise of Brazil on the international scene. Its arrival has created a new situation on the international soybean market where the oligopolistic structure has been destabilized. Keywords: International Development, Crop Production/Industries Volume: 147-148 Number: 351429 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351429 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351429/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2830.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351429 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Egg, Johny Author-Name: Lerin, François Author-Name: Tubiana, Laurence Title: Choc pétrolier et crise agricole : notes sur la situation de l'agriculture dans deux pays exportateurs de pétrole sans excédents de capitaux (Mexiaue. Nieériaï Abstract: It is more and more difficult to think in a global perspective the evolution of third world agricultures. The international crisis seems to have accentuated the diversity of situations and the possibilities of responses. Among the crisis important parameters, petroleum had counted for a decisive part and the market evolution of the product had engaged distinct sorts of processes in the different types of countries. In the case of the oil exporting countries without capital excédents the past decade had shown that the management of the new financial ressources was difficult as soon as it is transformed in importation and investments capacities. The examples of Mexico and Nigeria show that the destabilizatiqn effects are important and that the peasant economy didn't resist well to the growth of inflation rate and massive imports ; this sector is not able to respond to the demand's growth satisfied by imports. It seemed to be one of the victims of financial ressources variations due to petroleum market prices inestability. Against these factors of inestability, political response is mainly the isolation of distinctive circuits of production and consumption in global economic context, in wich the function of agriculture is rapidly changing. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 147-148 Number: 351430 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351430 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351430/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2831.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonvallet, J.P Title: L'intervention des entreprises agro-alimentaires françaises dans les agricultures du Tiers-Monde Abstract: The number of firms settled abroad on an industrial base represent less of 3 % of the French agroallied industries, but this number is increasing, either through «joint-ventures», either through the mere sales of know-how. Our objective is to show the main reasons of this development ; search of cheap raw materials, energy, or labour - necessity to overcome strict import restrictions - costs of transport - but also necessity of an international «opening» to these firms facing the stagnation of EEC market - possibilities of getting side commercial advantages and financial returns. On the other hand it is quite possible to find a synergy between these private initiatives and the public programs of cooperation. Keywords: International Development Volume: 147-148 Number: 351431 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351431 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351431/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2832.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Campagne, Pierre Title: Etat et paysan : la contradiction entre deux systèmes de reproduction Abstract: Considering the frequent failure of rural development projects, the question is whether preparatory economic analyses are adequate to anticipate the problems which will arise. An analysis in terms of reproduction would provide a better possibility to measure the contradictions between objectives and constraints of the reproduction system in rural areas on one hand and those of the State on the other hand. The examples of three rural development schemes, in Parana (Brazil) in the Chelif valley (Algeria) and in the OACV area (Mali) show how the reproduction system operates both that of the State and that of the farm economy. The strategic points of the contradictions between the two systems are better perceived by this analysis which also tries to determine the conditions for solving them. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 147-148 Number: 351432 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351432 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351432/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2833.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351432 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lassailly-Jacob, Véronique Title: Colonisation planifiée des rives du Lac de Kossou en Côte-d'Ivoire Centrale : la genèse d'un échec Abstract: The reservoir dam on the great Ivory river built for hydro-electric production created an artificial lake which drove 75 000 peasants from their land. The government instituted a public agency in charge of resettling this population on the banks of the new lake. The village production factors were restored through a vast and costly land clearing where annual rainwater-fed crops were to be cultivated. The farming was highly mechanized with crop rotation and associated with cattle breeding. This scheme was largely supported by international financing organizations. The peasants however continued to favor traditional crops cultivated marginally and at the expense of the new cropping system considered as tiresome, compelling and scarcely profitable. This scheme gradually collapsed, abandoned by the disillusioned peasants. For financial reasons, the public agency had to recover the land, production means and labour force of the stranded peasants. At the same time the agency decided to extend this production model to certain traditional communities hoping for better results. This overambi- tious project was drastically stopped in 1981, year of the dissolution of the agency. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 147-148 Number: 351433 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351433 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351433/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2834.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boutrais, Jean Title: Une agriculture sans paysans : la grande culture du blé au Cameroun Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 147-148 Number: 351434 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351434 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351434/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2835.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351434 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Durand, Guy Title: Les coopératives de production au Honduras : une réussite ambiguë Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 147-148 Number: 351435 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351435 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351435/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2836.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Ravignan, F. Title: Changements techniques et politiques rurales Abstract: The present extention of World hunger is today beyond dispute. The reaction of the powers is to increase the aid and the technology transfer to the Thrid World. However, to improve the nutrition situation it is not enough to produce more : advanced farm techniques even though they increase production also aggravate hunger as they leave many farmers out of work and deprive them of every control of production means. The essential increase of returns in farm production in the Southern countries does not necessarily imply the use of foreign inputs and techniques as a great number of cases habe shown. However, if the Southern countries refuse our technology, the exchange system with the North would have to be seriously altered and imply drastic changes of our economy. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 147-148 Number: 351436 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351436 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351436/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2837.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marchal, Jean-Yves Title: L'option pour l' « extensif ». L'évolution de l'agriculture mossi (Haute-Volta) Abstract: In Mossi country (Upper Volta) an evolution of the farm system can be observed which is both «spontaneous» and «regressive». It doesn't result from the application of development principales and concerns the adoption of an extensive crop system which has forest destruction and erosion as a direct consequence. The extension of the fields is not so much due to a population growth as to the atomistic structure of producer groups. Cultivated acreage by worker and by inhabitant has continually increased as collective administration vanishes giving way to individual production initiatives. Intensive production techniques have been abandoned, especially weeding practices which demand a high investment in terms of labour per surface unit. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 147-148 Number: 351437 Year: 1982 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351437 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351437/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1982_num_147_1_2840.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351437 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Chia, Eduardo Author-Name: Marshall, Éric Title: Les agriculteurs et leurs pratiques de trésorerie Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 161 Number: 351438 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351438 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351438/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3047.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 161 Number: 351439 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351439 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351439/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3048.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: L'élevage industriel. Aspects juridiques et économiques Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 161 Number: 351440 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351440 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351440/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_4960_t1_0055_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Eugen Weber. — La fin des terroirs Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 161 Number: 351441 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351441 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351441/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_4960_t1_0057_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Jean Robert Pitte. — Histoire du paysage français. Tome 1 : Le Sacré, de la préhistoire au 15e siècle ; tome 2 : le profane du 16e siècle à nos jours Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 161 Number: 351442 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351442 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351442/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_4960_t1_0058_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adair, Philippe Title: Développement endogène et technologies appropriées en milieu rural Abstract: Self-reliance and appropriate technologies in rural areas - Self-reliant development and appropriate technologies as interconnected notions emphasize the satisfaction of basic needs in rural areas, opposite to mimic growth exclusively based on transfer. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 162 Number: 351443 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351443 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351443/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3050.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351443 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Assouline, Gérald Title: Bio-énergie et développement agro-industriel, formes d'organisation et stratégies Abstract: Bioenergy and agro-industrial development, methods of organization, and strategies - In USA, bioenergy inserts in the biotechnologies and bioindustry growth movement. In Brazil, the important state intervention inside the agro-energetic system induces the immédiat bioenergy development. But can bioenergy be another thing than an agro-industrial strenghtening factor ? Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agribusiness Volume: 162 Number: 351444 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351444 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351444/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3051.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Balle, Gérard Title: Elaboration d'un plan de développement « Jeunes bovins » Abstract: Designing a development scheme of young bulls - In the area of Pays de Loire, using the increase of the drawplate: output, transformation, trade of young bulls, la CANA, first agricultural cooperative which is hightly specialized in bovine meat, hat designed a development scheme allowing to keep the balance of farm lands and employment in the area. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 351445 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351445 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351445/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3052.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benoit-Cattin, Michel Title: Economie des céréales dans le bassin arachidier au Sénégal Abstract: The grain economy of the senegal groundnut belt - Facing an increasing shortage of grains, agricultural research is mobilized to study technical and socio-economic problems. Economic research, initiated in 1975, has developped from the production level up to, at present, the marketing system level. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 351446 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351446 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351446/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3053.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bessirard, Claire Title: Comparaison internationale de prix et de revenus en agriculture Abstract: International comparison of agricultural prices and incomes - With the method of purchasing power, the comparison of the levels of agricultural prices and incomes in the E.C makes possible to give more rigorously the position of France towards its partners. Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 162 Number: 351447 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351447 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351447/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3054.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brondel, F. Author-Name: Denoroy, P. Title: Etude énergétique d'un canton de Grande Beauce du Loiret : Outarville Abstract: Study of energy in a small region (« grande Beauce) - Energy analysis in a small rural region: a tool for the control of energy consumption and for local organisation of biomass channels. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 162 Number: 351448 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351448 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351448/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3055.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cambier, Jean Title: Procès de la méthode des marges brutes Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 162 Number: 351449 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351449 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351449/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3056.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cavailhès, Jean Title: Evolution récente de l'agriculture : problématique et application au cas de l'Auxois Abstract: Rapports of production and evolution of agriculture - The functioning of the Law of value in agriculture. Study in a small area: The Auxois (Côte-d'Or) from 1945 to 1980. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 162 Number: 351450 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351450 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351450/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3057.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Combris, Pierre Title: Les caractéristiques des repas selon les groupes sociaux Abstract: Characteristics of meals of social groups - From an analysis of the datas of a survey on the meals of French people, this research reveals some informations concerning social differences of food practices especially of characteristics of meals, and of the kind of food used according to varied occasions. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 162 Number: 351451 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351451 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351451/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3058.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cordier, Jean Title: Analyse ARIMA du vecteur prix (espace-forme) appliquée au marché du porc en France Abstract: Arima analysis of a competitive price vector applied to the hog sector in France - Summary : Structural analysis and performance analysis of an agricultural market through the study of simultaneous price variations in a separable system. Method and potential inferences. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 351452 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351452 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351452/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3059.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Couffin, C. Title: Comptabilité analytique budgétaire et comptabilité générale intégrée ou CPB Abstract: Accounting for management control (permanent budgetary control) - Management control implies both forecasting production and result objectives and processing the real data in order to compare them with the estimate, thus allowing an explanation of the differences between real and expected data. The accounting method improved with the help of the most modern electronic computers allowed to perform this control at the lowest cost and with a maximum of possibilities in the production of criteria in view of estimating the tecnical, economic, financial and social position of the farm. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 162 Number: 351453 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351453 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351453/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3060.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coujard, Jean-Louis Title: Reproduction et mobilité des structures de production (une approche « démographique » sur onze communes de la Woevre (1945-1979) Abstract: About demography of the "farm-family" system - Summary : Studying a multicommunal sample of farms allows, by linking four agricultural census, to show various forms of mobility (of which intensity is unexpected) of the "farm-family" system. Keywords: Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 162 Number: 351454 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351454 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351454/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3061.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dedieu, Benoît Title: Exode rural et mutations des systèmes de production ovins en Cévennes Abstract: Rural exodus and change in sheep production systems in cevennes - There are various ways in the appropriation of pastures that arefeeded by rural exodus. Labour is yet missing, valleys are under influence of other economical and social worlds. All these elements lead to changing but fragilized sheep production systems. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 351455 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351455 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351455/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3062.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Degand, J. Title: Etude du comportement de l'exploitation vis-à-vis des investissements dans l'exploitation agricole : le cas du plateau de Bastogne (Belgique) Abstract: Farmer behaviour towards investments in agriculture case study : plateau de Bastogne (Belgium) - Factor Analysis Model is built up to explain the behaviour of farmers towards investments. Taking over of a farm as a production unit assumes an opening to new production investments. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 162 Number: 351456 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351456 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351456/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3063.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Degand, J. Title: Simulation en avenir aléatoire. Application à l'exploitation agricole Abstract: Random simulation applied to the farm enterprise - Once averages, variances and covariances of crop yields are known, it is possible to generate through a simulation program a random distribution of the gross product of any farm enterprise. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 162 Number: 351457 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351457 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351457/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3064.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delahaye, Olivier Title: Réforme agraire et mercantilisation de la terre : le cas du Venezuela (1936-82) Abstract: Agrarian reform and land merchandization in Venezuela (1936-1982) - The agrarian reform in Venezuela can not be explained by its poor results concerning land distribution but by its essential role in the constitution of a national land market and particularly in the land merchandisation. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 162 Number: 351458 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351458 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351458/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3065.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Denisse, Claude Title: Activité économique et statut social des épouses d'exploitants agricoles en zone de polyculture élevage (le sud du Gers) Abstract: Economic activity and social status of agriculturists' wives in a zone of mixed farming (the southern Gers) - The function of the women's work in agriculture is analyzed from the datas of an inquiry. It is also shown that the status of a woman inside her family is significantly influenced by whether or not she inherited the lands. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 162 Number: 351459 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351459 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351459/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3066.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Draillard, France Title: Stratégies d'internationalisation des coopératives agro-alimentaires françaises Abstract: Internationalization strategies of french agri-food cooperatives - Analysis of the various strategies used, over the past ten year, by French farmers' cooperatives to enter into international trade. Performance and difficulties. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 162 Number: 351460 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351460 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351460/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3067.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Flichman, Guillermo Title: L'agriculture argentine dans le marché international Abstract: Argentine agriculture and world markets - After a long spell of stagnating agricultural exports, Argentine is gaining an important place on world markets. An analysis of the reasons for this come back. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 162 Number: 351461 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351461 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351461/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3068.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fourdrignier, Marc Title: Alliances et successions des agriculteurs dans un village du Nord au cours du 20e siècle Abstract: Farmers' unions and successions in a northern village - We analyse farmers' successions in a village with the lists of population censuses, during the 20th century. Principles of succession expound the strategies. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 162 Number: 351462 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351462 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351462/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3069.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gallezot, Jacques Author-Name: Nefussi, Jacques Author-Name: Persuy, P. Title: Analyse macroéconomique de la branche IAA depuis 1945 Abstract: Macroeconomic analysis of food industry since 1945 - Taking into consideration food industry as a full industrial sector, we show that the modifications of its productive apparatus find their roots in the transformation of the central accumulation regime after the war Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 162 Number: 351463 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351463 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351463/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3070.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351463 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greiner, Pierre Author-Name: Portier, J.M. Title: Une nouvelle approche statistique du revenu des agriculteurs : l'ERDEXA Abstract: A new statistical survey on farm incomes : ERDEXA - A statistical survey on receipts and expenses of farms (ERDEXA) is done each year by the SCEES to complete the knowledge of agricultural incomes given by the RICA . It uses a simplified methodology to record receipts and expenses. Asa part of general system called SIIFF these two surveys have a sample of 14 000 farms (9 000 ERDEXA + 5 000 RICA) describing correctly the whole French agriculture. The first results for 1981 seem to be of good quality and give a good knowledge of agricultural incomes. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 162 Number: 351464 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351464 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351464/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3071.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julla, B. Title: Caractéristiques comparées des filières viande bovine allemande et français Abstract: Compared characteristics of the german and the french agribusiness beef system - The bullmeat has permited the important development of the german beef production and thus the German Federal Republic is became a country which exports. This product has contributed too to organize an agribusiness beef system which is very similar of the french one. Keywords: Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 351465 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351465 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351465/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3072.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kalaora, Bernard Title: La forêt dans l'Orléanais : différents regards Abstract: Forest in Orleanais : confronting ideologies - To promote recreative ressources of the large Orléans forest is considered as a broadly shared target. But institutions and social groups take this question with different practices, ideologies and abilities. The local population are threatened to be forgotten. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 162 Number: 351466 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351466 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351466/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3073.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lambert, Jean-Louis Title: Etude socio-économique des comportements alimentaires des Français Abstract: Food practices of french people - Popular classes spare a lot of time to eat at minimal cost. The traditional upper middle class sticks to gastro nomical culture, whereas the new upper middle class is concerned primarily with nutritional balance. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 162 Number: 351467 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351467 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351467/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3074.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lapierre, Olivier Title: Hétérogénéité du produit et segmentation du marché : le cas de la luzerne déshydratée Abstract: Product variability and market segmentation : case of dried ALFALFA - Agricultural products variability may limit their sales. Through case of dried alfalfa, this study allows to analyse producers possibilities in order to reduce variability and, sometimes, in order to get advantages from it. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 162 Number: 351468 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351468 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351468/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3075.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351468 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lossouarn, J. Title: Rentabilité comparée des productions de taurillons et de bœufs Abstract: A cost and return comparison of bulls and steers productions - An experiment has been carried out in order to compare productions of young bulls and steers. Then, investigations were done to determine the costs and returns of each production. In France, the production of young bulls appears to be more profitable than steers one. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics Volume: 162 Number: 351469 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351469 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351469/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3076.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351469 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loupias, P. Author-Name: Jacobi, Daniel Title: La formation des salariés d'exploitations agricoles Abstract: Further education of farming workers - The evaluation admitted for workers is more the result of social and economical state than the result of acknowledgement of their own abilities. What are the conditions required to modify this state of things? Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 162 Number: 351470 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351470 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351470/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3077.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: Mécanismes et limites des processus de spécialisation, diversification de l'espace rural Abstract: Processes of specialization/diversification in rural space: mechanisms and limits - Summary of a very large and complex research which purpose is to measure and to explain the mechanisms of specialization and diversification of rural space. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 162 Number: 351471 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351471 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351471/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3078.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, Philippe Title: Economie sociale et financement des coopératives agricoles Abstract: "Economie sociale" and financing of farmers' cooperatives - In agriculture, the "Economie Sociale" has an important cooperative component covering cooperatives proper and local and regional mutual credit banks (CAM). The legal, institutional and financial measures applied for "Economie Sociale" since the second half-year of 1981 hardly concern agricultural cooperatives. Cooperative banks play only a secondary role in the agricultural world, with the exception of the CAM who provides more than 90 % of the agricultural cooperatives' financing. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 162 Number: 351472 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351472 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351472/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3079.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ossard, Hervé Title: Systèmes de production de fruits en Tarn-et-Garonne Abstract: Summary : We regrouped the fruit farms of Tarn-et-Garonne around 3 poles: big specialized farms producing apples and pears, middle farms associating animal husbandry with plum trees and dessert grapes, little farms, owned by no full time farmer, producing dessert grapes. < Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 351473 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351473 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351473/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3080.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pautard, J. Title: Finances locales et aménagement de l'espace rural : le cas de l'Ille-et-Vilaine Abstract: Local finances and organization of rural space: the case of Ille-et-Vilaine - Several reforms concerned local finances. Many rural communes are now favoured. The newway of measuring fiscal potential per head of inhabitant shows that rich communes are not distributed at random. There are also great disparities between rates of professional taxe (TP). Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 162 Number: 351474 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351474 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351474/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3081.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peyon, Jean-Pierre Title: La coopération agricole en FFance, étude géographique des grands groupes coopératifs Abstract: French agricultural cooperation, a geographical research about the large cooperatives - In France the large agricultural cooperatives have a rising economical weight and influence the agricultural evolutions. But, contradictions and tensions with French peasentry are growing. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 162 Number: 351475 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351475 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351475/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3082.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Collomb, Philippe Title: Structure des prix agricoles européens et dépendance extérieure, approche générale et application aux substituts de céréales Abstract: Structure of european agricultural prices and dependence upon external markets - The specif ity of agricultural problems in industrial countries necessitates setting up a special protectionism in order to establish an internal price structure. This process is conducive to linking national markets within the broader frame of international exchanges, which in turn has a feedback effects on domestic markets, especially in the case ofeuropean cereal markets. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 162 Number: 351476 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351476 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351476/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3083.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Plet, Françoise Title: Les territoires des firmes de production de semences Abstract: Seed processors territories - Through the search of the most favourable growing places, seed plants set up production areas whose elements are scattered Within various agricultural spaces. Thereby they become an important agent of transformation in both agriculture and the interrelations between farmers in certain geographic areas. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 351477 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351477 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351477/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3084.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prod'homme, Jean-Pierre Title: Leaders agricoles et fonctionnement des organisations agricoles dans un département Abstract: Agricultural leaders and the working of professional organizations within a department - At the départemental level, the main professional agricultural organisations make up a system run by a small team of leaders holding several elective posts. There is a de facto sharing of responsibilities between these leaders whose task is to ensure the cohesion and continuance of the system and the executives who are entrusted with each organisation 's autonomy. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 162 Number: 351478 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351478 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351478/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3085.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quéré, François Title: La valorisation d'une étude sur les systèmes productifs laitiers dans l'Ouest Abstract: A study of dairy production systems in western France and its use - An extensive survey of dairy farms in western France led to the building of a typology showing great socio-economic differences between producers. It was helpfull for dairy coops to sharpen their policies and development strategies. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 351479 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351479 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351479/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3086.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rossier, E. Title: La traction chevaline, une ancienne formule pour un nouvel avenir Abstract: Horse traction: an old practice for a new future - Horse traction in France knows a recrudescence of interest. What are their technical and economic advantages and draw backs in our country or in developing countries? Can horse traction compete with mechanical traction? What part horse traction can play to day in agricultural systems in developed countries ? Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 162 Number: 351480 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351480 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351480/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3087.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351480 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmitt, Bertrand Title: La transformation d'espaces locaux et ses déterminants : le cas de villages lorrains Abstract: The transformation of rural space and its explanations - The transformation of space can be understand like "strategies" on the space. They are determined by the social position and the organization of productive spaces. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use Volume: 162 Number: 351481 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351481 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351481/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3088.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sévérac, Rémi Title: Le suivi analytique des parcelles de culture avec l'appui de la micro-informatique Abstract: The recording of analytical datas from parcels by microcomputer - The recording of analytical datas from parcels by microcomputer give accurate references on the farms. The knowledge of agricultural technics are better and it is possible to mesure the economic repercussion. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 162 Number: 351482 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351482 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351482/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3089.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvander, Bertil Author-Name: Lassaut, Bernard Title: Modes de consommation et caractéristiques du produit : le cas du poulet Abstract: Broiler consumption and products characteristics: convenience food are developping despite increasing price levels - The Development of broiler consumption depends on improvments of their convenient characteristics. When Life Conditions require changes in consumption patterns, Consumers with high and average income prefer these kinds of products, under the assumption they are satisfied with their quality. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 162 Number: 351483 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351483 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351483/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3090.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinon, Pierre Title: Avant-propos Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 351484 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351484 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351484/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3092.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Villain, Claude Title: Crise de la PAC et PAC de crise Abstract: A general analysis of the european agricultural problems after the March 31, 1984 agreement. CAP'S crisis is caused by the evolution of the sector but also by failure to abide by its basic principles. In front of unsuperable budget difficulties a choice must be made between freedom to produce, with acceptation of market prices, or request for public support, with the counterpart of disciplin in production. The solution adopted safeguards as much as was possible producers' interests; they are assured to get a support price for quantities not exceeding the garantee thresholds. Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 351485 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351485 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351485/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3093.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meester, Gerrit Title: Une Communauté devenue exportatrice nette ; point de vue néerlandais sur l'avenir de la Politique Agricole Commune Abstract: The main problem of the CAP is that it was established for a net import situation, whereas the EC has become more and more a net exporter during the last 25 years. Therefore, the CAP must be reformed. Most pressure groups and policy makers in the Netherlands argue, in principle, for a more market oriented price policy with moderate price levels. Additional measures like the superlevy for milk are acceptable, but only temporarily. Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 351486 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351486 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351486/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3094.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nielsen, A.Hjortshoj Title: Le Danemark et la Politique Agricole Commune Abstract: A general analysis of Danish agricultural policy before and after joining the EC. A period of strong optimism followed the entry. Higher EEC prices were integrated into increased land values. But market and price expectations soon appeared to be too optimistic. Danish agriculture went into an acute liquidity crisis, due to dramatic levels of indebtedness. A a rule, Danes would favour liberal policies on the long run. But the author is aware that short term obstacles are to be taken into account. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 351487 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351487 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351487/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3095.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tangermann, Stephan Title: Des objectifs pour l'agriculture européenne : le point de vue allemand Abstract: There is a long tradition of high price supports in German agricultural policy. The strong protection given to the farm sector is broadly accepted by most segments of society. Recently, farm incomes have significantly fallen in the FRG. Yet national expenditures for agriculture have decreased since the government wanted to reduce the federal budget deficit. Emphasis was more on income distribution within agriculture and on environmental aspects. The German government wishes that CAP reform does not bring about too strong a fall in farm incomes. At the same time, Germany has become very sensitive to its contributions to the EEC budget. This explains why the German government is very favourable to milk quotas. It also is the reason for opposing a reduction in the German positive MCAs. It may be, however, that the adoption of new green ECU linked to the Deutschmark, would only be an illusion. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 351488 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351488 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351488/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3096.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tarditi, Secondo Title: La crise de la PAC : un point de vue italien Abstract: Italian farm problems are very peculiar and diverse and there is no unanimous or even majority position on CAP reform. Italy is clearly a net loser in the intra-EEC balances of transfers, at least when non budget transfers are included. This is due to large high imports of milk, grain, meat. It would be in the interest of Italy to suppress MCAs; to refrain from setting up quotas, since most regions of the country will not begetting the advantages of having them ; to improve the distribution of farm credit and have loams computed in ECUs ; to develop structural measures. On account of administrative weaknesses it will be difficult for Italy to fully benefit from those policies. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 351489 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351489 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351489/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3097.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351489 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marsh, J.S. Title: Une perspective britannique sur la PAC Abstract: UK agriculture, and particularly its arable component, largely benefited from integration in the EEC. Productivity and self-sufficiency ratios have risen. The cost of food has however increased as high priced intra EEC trade replaced low priced traditional imports. The CAP also obliges UK to assume costly budget transfers and since farm structures are rather good, there are few community subsidies flowing in the other direction. This explains the strategy of development of production adopted in UK and the request for reducing UK contributions to the EEC budget. A more market orientated price policy is recommended. Quotas are criticized. Income supports and rescheduling of debts would be needed. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 351490 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351490 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351490/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3098.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coulomb, Pierre Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Title: L'agriculture française à l'heure de la croissance zéro Abstract: This paper is organized under three headings : the current farm crisis compared to that of the fifties and sixties; an analysis of the debates the EEC gives rise to in the farm organizations; the French policy in response to the crisis of the CAP. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 351491 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351491 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351491/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3099.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: De Mautort, Laurent Title: L'Europe. La division du travail inachevée Abstract: For the past ten years. Europe's global economic performances have been indifferent with slow growth, high unemployment, burdensome public expenses and various signs of inefficiency as compared to the US or Japan, particularly for industrial investments. To fight this progressive weakening of european industry more open intra-community trade would be useful, particularly in the field of public purchases and standards. A closer coordination of industrial strategies aiming at complementarities would also be needed. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 163 Number: 351492 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351492 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351492/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3100.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351492 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albecker, C. Author-Name: Lefebvre, Claire Author-Name: Rini, Gilbert Title: Maîtriser l'offre de lait : le cas français, à travers les simulations du modèle MAGALI Abstract: The MAGALI model was built mostly to test alternative price policies, their influence on supply of the various commodities. In the short-term, structural situations are rigid and constrain short-term supply. On account of the inertia of the French production setup, price policies appear poorly suited to bring about a rapid response to an over-supply. Drastic price reductions would be needed to obtain production adjustments within acceptable time-lags. Such reductions would often be politically unbearable on account of their income effects and they could durably affect the French production capacity. These policies are compared with production quotas in the case of milk. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 163 Number: 351493 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351493 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351493/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3101.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buchholz, H. E. Title: La réduction de l'offre de lait dans la C.E.E Abstract: The effects of the recent decisions concerning quantitative restrictions for milk output are analyzed on the basis of supply and demand prospections. Setting up of milk quotas will bring about a fundamental change in the milk market regulation. If quotas are maintened for a long period, there will be negative consequences for dairy farms, dairy industry, farm structures and consumers. On account of the size of current dairy surplusses rapid improvement of the budget crisis is impossible. Therefore no price increase can be considered for the moment. After some time production quotas should be abolished with the precondition that present support prices be retained. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 163 Number: 351494 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351494 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351494/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3102.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Hairy, Denis Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Crise laitière et quotas ; remarques sur la régulation communautaire du marché du lait Abstract: A survey of the history of Common dairy policy ; the developments European dairy production has induced a growing crisis. The quotas policy can be analysed as an apparently « neutral » compromise, but it can deeply change the previous dynamic of dairy production systems in France. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 351495 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351495 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351495/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3103.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harvey, D.-R. Title: Quotas négociables, politique de compensation et réforme de la PAC Abstract: A politically acceptable alternative to price reductions is to limit the commitment of support to a given production level, thus containing support expenditure. The market and price mechanism applied to saleable or tradeable quotas not only allows for flexibility in distribution of the quota, allocating quota to those who receive most benefit from the high support prices, but also establishes, through the market price of the quotas, the capitalised value of the market support over and above the «free market» output price. In so doing, any purchaser of quotas correctly compensates the vendor for giving up the right to produce at supported prices. In addition, the capitalisation of the support value in the quota price leaves the revenue, net of quota values, at a similar level to the free market net revenues, thus encouraging the efficient use of real ressources. A potential extension involves the support authorities progressively reducing the level of support commitment and simultaneously providing the appropriate compensation to producers by buying in quota levels. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 351496 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351496 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351496/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3104.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loseby, Margaret Title: L'ajustement de l'offre et de la demande sur les marchés des produits agricoles de la C.E.E. : le cas du secteur laitier Abstract: The problems of assessing both the extent and the cost of market imbalance are discussed, and the difficulties of reconciling national and Communauty policy objectives noted. With reference to the dairy industry, it is suggested that, in the absence of harmonization of economic policies in areas other than agriculture, measures to restrict supply should take into account the particular problems arising for countries where consumption exceeds production. Certain measures are proposed, which might be implemented in the context of a policy aiming to gradually reduce the level of public support in agriculture. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 163 Number: 351497 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351497 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351497/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3105.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saccomandi, Vito Title: Le commerce international des produits agricoles de la C.E.E. : problèmes et stratégies futures Abstract: EC access to international markets of agricultural products will be in the coming years conditionned by three factors : reduction ofthe FEOGA-costs, accession of Spain to the EC and international position of the Common Market. With regard to imports two priorities appear evident. The first one deals with the reorientation of selling opportunities in the EC market, in order to favour some geographical areas (Mediterranean Basin, Africa). The second priority regards the search for a stabilisation of the food-feed situation of the Community (problem of raw materials for animal nutrition). With regard to exports, EC, together with the practice of restitution, should utilize credit as well as long term contracts. Creating a Community stock for cereals is also proposed as a contribution to world nutritional security. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 164 Number: 351498 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351498 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351498/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3107.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahrens, Heinz Title: Effets de la PAC sur les positions budgétaires et commerciales des pays membres de la Communauté européenne Abstract: The Common Agricultural Policy induces two types of income transfers between EC member countries: those which take place via the «agricultural budget» of the Community, and those which materialize through intra-community agricultural trade. Between 1976 and 1981, the development of the former was characterized by (a) a rapid rise in the positive transfer for France, and (b) a spectacular increase in the negative transfer for the Federal Republic of Germany and the UK. At the same time, the development of transfers through intra- community agricultural trade showed (1 ) a dramatic decline of the positive transfer (net exports) for France, (2) a spectacular fall in the negative transfer (net imports) for the UK and (3) a continuous transformation of the negative transfer into a positive one for the Federal Republic. It is shown that these developments were the logical result of certain tendencies and reactions in the system of real agricultural trade flows in intra-community trade and trade with third countries. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 351499 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351499 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351499/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3108.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Author-Name: Poupa, Jean-Claude Author-Name: Trochet, T. Title: Un protectionnisme plus équilibré : le FEOGA et la réforme de la PAC Abstract: The budgetary problems and the economic costs of CAP are due first to the level of protection provided to agriculture in the EEC but also to the heterogeneous protective structure and the distorted price ratios. It is argued that a more balanced protection inspired by the uniform tariff theory particularly on feed stuffs would be a step in the right direction in reforming the CAP: a more balanced protection is defined as lower protection for cereals, sugar and maybe some animal products and a protection similar to grain on oil meals and cereal substitutes. Political feasibility both internally and externally to EEC is sketched. A tentative numerical illustration is presented on the basis of a simple international agricultural trade model including EEC, centrally planned economies and the rest of the world. The FEOGA budget is quite sensitive to such changes in the external protection. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 351500 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351500 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351500/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3109.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernard, Jacques Title: Les effets redistributifs de la PAC Abstract: There are both visible and hidden flows between member countries related to the CAP. Visible flows come from the budget. But overall transfers for the economy are rather to be taken into account for a cost benefit analysis of every country's situation. This study is carried out for the five main agricultural products depending of the guarantee section of EAGGF, nine Member States - Greece being excepted -for the years 1974 to 1982. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 351501 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351501 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351501/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3110.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fischer, Georges Author-Name: Frohberg, K. Author-Name: Gulbrandsen, O. Title: L'agriculture dans un régime de libre-échange Abstract: The Food and Agriculture Program at the Institute of Applied Systems Analysis has over a number of years developed a large global model system with the purpose of studying agricultural policy issues. This article reports on preliminary findings of the economic and welfare effects of a general introduction of free trade. At free trade world market prices rise by 20 to 25 percent, as the downward pressure on these prices of protection is released. This triggers economic gains, particularly for developing countries and lowly protected developed countries, and a considerable expansion of world trade, particularly in animal products. Globa! welfare improves, but the poorest layers of the population in developing countries may suffer from the higher prices. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade Volume: 164 Number: 351502 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351502 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351502/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3111.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bartoli, Pierre Title: La politique viticolé communautaire, analyse et bilan Abstract: The main data of EC viticultural production ; the evolution of EC viticultural policy since 1970 ; the evaluation of the impact of her instruments by means of the examination of EAOGF wine expenditures ; the present debate about the transformations of this policy and the setting up of possible quotas in the sector. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 351503 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351503 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351503/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3112.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosenfell, Claude-Henri Title: Le financement de l'agriculture dans la CEE Abstract: The following article describes the financing conditions of farmers in the various EC Member States, as regards granting of public aid (with the exception of the market support expenditure) and extension of credit. After a brief presentation of the main determining factors specific to the industry, of the financing requirement of agriculture, it looks into capital grants systems and various ways of bringing down the cost of borrowing. The last part presents the main models of agricultural credit and types of loans available. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 164 Number: 351504 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351504 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351504/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3113.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertrand, Jean-Marie Author-Name: Chalmin, Philippe Title: Les mutations dans l'environnement international de la CEE sur les grands marchés des produits agricoles Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 164 Number: 351505 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351505 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351505/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3114.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Liste des communications de la Session, non publiées dans les numéros 163 et 164 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 351506 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351506 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351506/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3115.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valarché, Jean Title: A propos d'un article de J.-L. Coujard (Economie Rurale, n° 160). Réponse de J.-L. COUJARD Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 351507 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351507 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351507/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3117.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 351508 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351508 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351508/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3118.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Séminaire de Ljubljana, 20-24 juin 1981. — Part-time farmers and their adjustment to pluriactivity. Compte rendu présenté par le Professeur Stane KRASOVEC Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 164 Number: 351509 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351509 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351509/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_4954_t1_0062_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: BLACT - GRET - CFECTI - SGAR-PACA*. — Politiques vivrières, dépendances alimentaires et développement. Collection des ateliers Technologie et développement Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 164 Number: 351510 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351510 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351510/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_4954_t1_0063_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lauret, Frédéric Author-Name: Soufflet, Jean-François Title: Les marchés physiques et l'organisation des marchés Abstract: In France today, in the case of four groups of farm commodities (fruits and vegetables, flowers and ornemental plants, live animals and fish) physical markets remain the basis of price formation and the locus of effective competition. They are aforum for operators, provide a sensitive index of the state of supply and demand detect domination effects and are a springboard for entry into the field. They constantly remind firms, organizations and governments about economic reality. For perishables of varying quality and fluctuating supply physical markets are not likely to disappear. Their modernization is linked with the level of global regulation of the economy. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 165 Number: 351511 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351511 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351511/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3119.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vaudois, Jean Title: Marchés physiques et organisation du marché des fruits et légumes frais dans les pays de la C.E.E. Le rôle des marchés aux enchères dégressives Abstract: Dutch type auctions are becoming a major tool in fruit and vegetable market organization in Europe. Invented in the Netherlands at the end of the 19th century they expanded in that country, then in Belgium and more recently in France. They handle a growing share of the crops with ample variations between regions and types of products. While diversity in marketing channels remains justified in France to take care of local and regional differences, auctions appear, following the Benelux example, as a major tool for market operation improvement and orderly production. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 165 Number: 351512 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351512 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351512/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3120.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351512 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Opstelten, G. Title: L'organisation des producteurs et des marchés de fruits et légumes aux Pays-Bas : les "veilings" (marchés au cadran) Abstract: Auctions are cooperatives which sell fruits and vegetables over the auctionlock. This system can only be applied if there is a concentration of both supply and demand. The dependence of the dutch vegetable sector on exports has forced the auctions to answer the demands of the trade by a strong concentration of supply and by applying a number of marketing measures. Thanks to this policy the commercial position of the auctions towards even the largest buyers remains strong. The position of an auction towards Its membersdepends on the net price payed to the grower compared with net prices paid by other auctions. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 165 Number: 351513 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351513 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351513/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3121.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthews, Alan Title: La politique agricole commune et les pays sous-développés : un examen des faits Abstract: It is often stated that a reduction lathe level of agricultural protection in the EEC would have favourable effects on LDCs. Specific research attempting to measure those effects of protection through market share analysis or with partial equilibrium models shows diverging results and can be criticized on various grounds. On the whole a reduction in EC protection would have limited positive effects on some LDCs and nil or negative effects on others. (Ed). Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 165 Number: 351514 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351514 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351514/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3122.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351514 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albecker, C. Author-Name: Lefebvre, Claire Title: Un modèle économétrique de l'agriculture française (MAGALI) Abstract: MAGALI is an econometric model for French agriculture designed for mid-term agricultural policy analysis. It provides explanation for supply of 27 agricultural products, their corresponding inputs and farm accounts, in order to determine farm income level. It also describes structural change of the agricultural sector through demography and investment. The main characteristics of the French farm sector evolution are well-known. The sluggish growth of the seventies has resulted in low investment, slow growth of individual income, and even decrease of total farm sector income, since 1977. Several explanations can be put forward : general economic conditions, worsened by weather accidents, or structural unfitness of French agriculture to market et requirements. Trough dynamic simulations on the past, MAGALI can try to distinguish these various effects. These simulations should clearly point out that MAGALI is mainly built for agricultural policy analysis (in the past or future), particularly through exogenous prices. They also confirm the high sensitivity of French agriculture to price changes and particularly to the « terms of trade » with the non-farm sector. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 165 Number: 351515 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351515 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351515/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3123.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinon, Pierre Title: Rencontre Franco-Britannique AES/SFER : "Connaissance des revenus individuels et quotas laitiers". Grignon, septembre 1984 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 165 Number: 351516 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351516 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351516/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3124.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Pinon, Pierre Author-Name: Serra, Sylvie Title: Colloque sur la formation des Economistes ruraux. Grignon 25 et 26 octobre 1984 Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 165 Number: 351517 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351517 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351517/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3125.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: A propos du "coût d'emploi" de la main-d'œuvre agricole Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 165 Number: 351518 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351518 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351518/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3127.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: Réponse à D. Bergmann Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 165 Number: 351519 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351519 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351519/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3128.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Modèle comptable et gestion de trésorerie (A propos d'un article de J. Brossier, E. Chia, E. Marshall dans le n° 161 d'Economie Rurale) Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 165 Number: 351520 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351520 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351520/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3129.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Chia, Eduardo Author-Name: Marshall, Éric Title: Réponse à J.-C. Kroll Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 165 Number: 351521 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351521 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351521/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3130.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ducos, C. Author-Name: Joly, Pierre-Benoît Author-Name: Moreaux, Michel Title: Hybrides et lignées pures : le marché et l'entreprise privée sont-ils intrinsèquement pervers ? (A propos d'un article de J.-P. Berlan dans le n° 158 d'Economie Rurale) Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 165 Number: 351522 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351522 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351522/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3131.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berlan, Jean-Pierre Title: Réponse à C. Ducos, P.-B. Joly, M. Moreaux Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 165 Number: 351523 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351523 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351523/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3132.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: INRA ESR, Cahiers d'Économie et Sociologie Rurales, n°l. — Les Agriculteurs et le Crédit. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 165 Number: 351524 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351524 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351524/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3133_t1_0052_0000_5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351524 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: CNASEA. — OGAF : vers un nouvel essor des communautés locales, les opérations groupées d'aménagement foncier. Préface de M. Michel ROCARD, ministre de l'Agriculture Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 165 Number: 351525 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351525 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351525/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3133_t1_0053_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Jean CORDIER. — Les marchés à terme Keywords: Marketing Volume: 165 Number: 351526 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351526 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351526/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3133_t1_0054_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Gesadar. Approche de la diversité Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 165 Number: 351527 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351527 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351527/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3133_t1_0054_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351527 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Barthélémy D., Barthez A., Labat P. — Patrimoine foncier et exploitation agricole Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 165 Number: 351528 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351528 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351528/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3133_t1_0056_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Tables de l'année 1984 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 165 Number: 351529 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351529 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351529/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3134.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351529 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Platier, A. Title: Développement local et localisations. Les promesses de la troisième révolution industrielle Abstract: Location theory either agricultural or industrial is of little help for local development; it Ts intended for production units rather than for country planners. Local development means managing the inheritance of our 36.000 villages and searching for local zones fit for development. Broader studies at the département or regional level bring no answer; France must be observed at the commune level. Small but dynamic boroughs do not require administrative reform to become local development poles. Rurban phenonnenae have already brought about interpénétration between city and country. The third industrial revolution will accelerate this trend by breaking up production processes into sub tasks taking place in different locations. The industrial exodus will empty the factories as the rural exodus had emptied the countryside. Tomorrow's jobs will be elsewhere ; technology, culture, new relations between men should help provide them. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 351530 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351530 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351530/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3136.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jollivet, Marcel Title: Le développement local, mode ou mouvement.social ? Abstract: There is today a growing interest in local approaches both in reports of public bodies and think tanks and in scientific publications. Is this impression valid ? When did it start ? Why did it occur ? Who adopts those views ? Is it a change of approach towards society or a change in the social relationships themselves? Some of these questions cannot be definitely answered but a clarification can be attempted. They leadto a reflexion on the role of social sciences. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 351531 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351531 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351531/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3137.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Certaines, E. Author-Name: Saint-Louis, Robert Title: Les nouvelles données de l'aménagement de l'espace rural Abstract: Two major trends are currently affecting rural space and will have strong effects in coming years: deep demographic and socio-economic change ; administrative decentralization and its consequence on land use rules. Zoning rules will now be in the hands of municipalities which must aware of the challenger and risks involved with their new responsabilities. The law on decentralization provided for intercommunal charters for development and planning. This new instrument will only be fruitful in promoting global development if all concerned can unite on common objectives and accept new behaviours. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 351532 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351532 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351532/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3138.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pointud, André Title: L'actualité des formes traditionnelles de l'aménagement Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 351533 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351533 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351533/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3139.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351533 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pingaud, F. Title: L'enjeu fondamental de la politique de montagne. La différenciation territoriale de l'action de l'Etat Abstract: A global policy for mountain areas has been in the making over recent years. A parliamentary board of inquiry (Souchon board) and a report by M. Besson are important steps in the shaping of a law for the development and protection of mountain areas. It has been voted by the Chamber of Deputies and is being examined by the Senate. Its two guiding principles are differentiation and self development. However applications of different policy measures to certain pacts of the territory is contrary to administrative usage and to commodity approaches. So the mountain law is a kind of test of the ability of policies to approach problemswith less uniformity. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 166 Number: 351534 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351534 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351534/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3140.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maclouf, Pierre Title: L'après-crise, une troisième « fin des terroirs »? Abstract: As we get ready to emerge from the current crisis, one wonders whether there will still be room for such concepts as « local » and « rural ». They were very present during the seventies when softer type of growth was aimed at. A quick leap foreward under the ideology of modernization is now the dominant approach so any local angle may seem of secondary importance. Similarly, the concept of a specific rural society is in doubt under the influence of current social and cultural changes. The specificity of each small region or « terroir» is questioned and if those small regions have no real original features, then rural space must be subjected to the general logic of location analysis. Though two books have predicted the end of « terroirs » and of « peasants » there is still room for a local component for development from the grass roots, in the shaping of new forms of control which are being set up. Particulary in south-western France, where cultural forces are strong, local forces must be given the power to question economic and social aspects of modernization in order to reorient it, not to stop it. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 351535 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351535 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351535/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3141.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351535 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Author-Name: Boudou, A. Author-Name: Neumann, J.-P. Title: Enjeux, médiations et développement local. Un point sur le mouvement des pays. Modernité et modernisation Abstract: In recent years, a number of contracts providing for various supports from public funds for integrated packages of development activities have been signed in rather numerous small zones. The socio-political significance of this movement aiming at mobilizing local initiatives and resources is analyzed. Within this complex and diverse movement, contradictions appear between those in favour of modernization and those who question it. There may also be some differences of opinion between the local proponents of these area contracts and both political leaders and administration institutions (Ed.). Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 351536 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351536 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351536/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3142.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: Un nouveau modèle d'analyse des transformations en cours : la diversification-spécialisation de l'espace rural français Abstract: Various models were successively developed to describe and measure the rural space transformations in France. This paper relates part of the results of a collective research aiming at testing the «last born » model which is the process of specialisation/diversification of this rural space. Coefficients of specialisation and diversification were first applied to three sectors in their spatial dimension : agriculture, rural employment, rural society. These results were then collated in order to identify specialised and diversified rural spaces. The process of diversification has a larger extent than the process of specialisation in the economic and social landscape of rural France. But interpreting this result, one must pay attention to the ambiguities of the vocabulary and to the difficulties for describing this process with quantitative precision and at different levels. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 351537 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351537 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351537/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3143.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351537 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berger, Alain Title: Maîtrise de l'information et développement rural Abstract: The decision making responsibilities of local units of government is enhanced through the decentralization processes. Local bodies must have access to and control upon socio-economic information or decentralization will be a decoy. Within a rural canton of 21 communes an economic information network for local units of government was built and experimented. Its aim is to give greater control over information at the rural level. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 351538 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351538 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351538/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3144.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Espace, développement et économie rurale Abstract: The different kinds of thought that led rural economics since 30 years rarely included, in an explicit way in their approach, the spatial dimension of economic phenomenons. Nowadays, the economists cannot be satisfied with an implicit representation of space that tends to reduce it to an abstract and undifferentiated space. The study of the development of an agricultural cooperative and of the actions of local development led on its activity area, shows the need of considering space in its double dimension : abstract space and territorial space. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 351539 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351539 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351539/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3145.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sahli, Zoubir Title: Expérience algérienne en matière de développement local : les plans de développement communal Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 351540 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351540 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351540/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3146.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmitt, Bertrand Author-Name: Coujard, Jean-Louis Title: Réorientation des exploitations et transformation de l'espace agricole Abstract: Through a study of the evolution of farming systems, the authors aim at analyzing their influence on the utilization of agricultural space. A sample of farms in the Lorraine Plateau zone was analyzed using individual data from the censuses of 1970 and 1979. A typology which identifies the productive pattern is used. The larger farms influence most of the land use changes observed through three major factors : drainage, specialization on grain and exchanges of land. The presence of other farms with different orientations may however hinder these evolutions. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 166 Number: 351541 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351541 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351541/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3147.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351541 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo, Pierre-Yves Author-Name: PY, Bernard Title: L'économie locale face aux variations d'emplois ; vers une méthode de mesure des effets d'induction spatialisés Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 166 Number: 351542 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351542 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351542/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3148.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patoureaux, Bernard Title: Développement local et formation des agents de développement en milieu rural Abstract: In rural development, the main issue is the link between sectoral aspects and policies, on the one hand, and the logic of land use and spacial approaches on the other. This is explained by examples which show that economic, social and cultural aspects and projects are intermingled. All are needed to obtain global development. The local extension agent is at the heart of this dynamic process; his training must be reconsidered. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 166 Number: 351543 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351543 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351543/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3149.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351543 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashton, John Title: IVème congrès Européen des économistes agricoles. Marchés et prix agricoles Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 167 Number: 351544 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351544 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351544/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3151.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351544 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tangermann, Stephan Title: Marchés et prix agricoles. Introduction Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 167 Number: 351545 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351545 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351545/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3152.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josling, Tim Title: Marchés et prix : les relations entre l'agriculture et l'économie générale Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 167 Number: 351546 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351546 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351546/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3153.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351546 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nazarenko, V.S. Title: Marchés et prix dans les pays européens à économie planifiée Abstract: The increased instability of the world since 1973 has shown how dependant agriculture was on the rest of the economy, particularly in developed market economies. The paper emphasizes the importance of macro- economic variables (disposable incomes, inflation, exchange rates, budget deficits) and of the international environment. Foreign trade has increased faster than output, exchange rates float, a huge mass of capital moves very quickly between the main financial centers. Agriculture cannot but feel the impact of all these, changes. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 167 Number: 351547 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351547 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351547/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3155.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: La production agricole répond-elle aux prix ? Abstract: In Eastern Europe most farm prices are centrally fixed (minimum Hungary 60% of output). Thesame applies to retail prices, semi-processed goods and inputs. To compensate for the rise in input prices, increase the profitability of farm units and improve farm incomes, major farm prices increases have been decided upon during recent years. As retail price rises were much slower, considerable subsidies are granted. In addition inputs and crédit are subsidized. (Ed.) Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 167 Number: 351548 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351548 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351548/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3157.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tarditi, Secondo Title: Prix et revenus dans le secteur agricole Abstract: For the vast majority of professional economists, it is quite natural to think of the elasticity of supply with respect to price as being positive. The same idea is a matter of controversis among agricultural economists. Often, it is alleged that the rationality is radically different for peasants and capitalists entrepreneurs. It is nevertheless possible to give account of observed facts within the strict neoclassical framework, but this requires a long run, dynamic point of view, and the explicit intervention of financial and security constraints at farm level. Various consequences for the estimation of supply functions may be derived. Especially, because the elasticity of supply is likely to vary greatly across time, it is difficult, and probably misleading to make use of a large number of observations from the past in order to estimate them by regression. Therefore, the recourse to statistical inference should be kept to a minimum level when estimating responses or aggregate production functions. Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 167 Number: 351549 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351549 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351549/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3159.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351549 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinstrup-Andersen, Per Title: Les prix alimentaires et les pauvres dans les pays en voie de développement Abstract: In European market economics, farm incomes are strongly influenced by policy actions. Their effects can be analyzed using a free market sector as theoretical benchmark. Sectoral policies produce various social costs and benefits. They influence resource allocation, income distribution and other non economic objectives. The paper evaluates market stabilization, and price support policies as well as those concerning factors of production and technology. One of the major issues is the combination of the various price and income policies in order to attain a given set of policy goals in the farming sector. This theoretical analysis shows that the various policies at work in the EEC are quite inadequate considering its main welfare goals. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 167 Number: 351550 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351550 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351550/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3161.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koester, Ulrich Title: L'intervention sur le marché agricole et le commerce international Abstract: On the basis of extensive study of the literature, this paper shows the major importance of farm and food prices for poor families. Expensive foods are also important because their weight in household budgets is ..often heavy. Low income groups have high price elasticities. A rise in farm prices may have a negative impact on many rural poor who often are buyers of food. Food policies particularly food subsidies and aids targeted on certain groups are studied. (Ed.) Keywords: Food Security and Poverty, International Development Volume: 167 Number: 351551 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351551 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351551/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3163.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351551 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Résumés des contributions dses groupes de travail A1 à A8, B1 à B8 Abstract: International trade in agricultural products is in most cases the consequence of domestic governmental interventions which are supposed to achieve production, price, and income objectives of individual countries. Trade in agricultural products is more affected by national policies than trade in industrial products. This is not only due to specific agricultural policy objectives ; it is also due to some specifics of agricultural markets. There is no way to quantify the state of disarray of world agriculture or to assess the likely world welfare loss on sound empirical grounds. It is even not possible to assess whether individual countries would be better off with free trade than with the present pattern of protection in world agriculture. However, countries could be likely better off if they chose to intervene differently in agricultural markets. Hence, the present state of protectionism can hardly be justified on economic grounds. It seems to be the consequence of forces on the political market for protection- nism. The profession of trade economists could be likely of much more influence for trade policy decisions if, apart from research in normative trade policy, more research would be done in positive trade policy. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 167 Number: 351552 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351552 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351552/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_4911.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Liste alphabétique des auteurs Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 167 Number: 351553 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351553 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351553/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3165.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Quatrième Assemblée générale de l'Association Européenne des Economistes Ruraux (AEEA), Kiel, RFA, 6 septembre 1984 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 167 Number: 351554 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351554 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351554/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3166.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351554 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Après-propos Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 168 Number: 351555 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351555 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351555/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3168.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin, Samuel Title: L'aménagement rural à la rescousse des exploitations familiales Abstract: Why did the concept of rural development suddenly come to the forefront in the middle of the seventies ? To which social movement does it belong through its demands and practices? A brief appraisal of recent experience in the field of country planning with the «rural planning guidelines» and the «neighbourhood contracts» and in the field of development management (development boards, planning boards...) aims at evaluating the social change processes induced by country planning. Emphasis is placed on comparing agricultural development policies and practices in the fifties and sixties and rural development since the seventies. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 168 Number: 351556 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351556 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351556/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3169.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351556 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daubard, J.-P. Author-Name: Chémery, J.-B. Title: La création d'activités en zone de montagne désertifiée : l'expérience des Alpes du Sud Abstract: Job creation in desertified mountain zones the southern alps experiment As the urban-industrial society experiences a deepening crisis, it seems possible and profitable to create jobs in hitherto by-passed areas as shown by attempts made in one of the most desertified French areas, the Southern Alps. Two opposite trends are visible : shaken by secularoutmig ration and by the influxof tourists, the local society continues its déstructuration process; new settlers come in under the influence of May 1968 protest movements and now of the economic depression. This is helped by various public measures including the creation of the Southern Alps Welcome and Promotion Board. A recent evaluation study has shown that settlers have usually been successful and had positive effects on the local society and economy. As long as there is a supply of candidates for business and job creation, it is worthwhile to provide them with supporting services by coordinating all local services and institutions for finding prospective candidate, help them build their projects, explore new opportunities, provide for follow-up support. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 168 Number: 351557 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351557 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351557/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3170.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roch-Colomb, M.-F. Author-Name: Sevestre, D. Title: Quinze ans d'aménagement rural dans un département de faible densité : bilan pour la Haute-Saône Abstract: In the Haute-Saône department, more than half the area has been included in rural planning packages (plans d'aménagement rural). The clearest effects are concrete achievements of a traditional nature improving facilities and services (infrastructure, information, social activities) in more backwards zones. New forms of change can also be tested by public bodies which give local people new adjustment possibilities. Some results are less visible : new intra-society social and economic linkages ; new ways of thinking and working together ; reactivation of institutions and people. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 168 Number: 351558 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351558 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351558/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3171.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Billaud, Jean-Paul Title: Les conflits pour l'aménagement du Marais Poitevin, ou : à qui appartient le local ? Abstract: Farmer's organizations and environmentalists disagree with regard to reclamation projects in the Poitevin marshes. To explain this conflict between agriculture and environment it must be replaced in its local context : a crisis in the decision processes and use rights patterns which, until recently, have ruled the management of this ecological system. Two sets of criteria are combined in any land-use decision : production or conservation. Since no social use of space really fits in this dicotomy no social group can claim its use of land and water is superior to that of other groups. As types of land-use become more diversified, social conflicts are increased and are revealed within the government machinery. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 168 Number: 351559 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351559 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351559/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3172.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351559 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Modèle comptable et fiscalité agricole : contradictions ou complémentarités Abstract: The reforms concerning taxation and book-keeping regulations which are under study in France are far from making the situation clearer. On the contrary, it seems that they aggravate the distorsions farm bookkeeping already suffers from fiscal motivations. The thesis of this paper is that the intention of setting up a more modern and fairer tax system for agriculture should not lead to any challenging of book-keeping results which remain a satisfactory and well adapted indicator of the results of farming activity. It is nevertheless true that a more precise legal definition of the farm unit, on the one hand, andof those members of the family active on the farm on the other hand, could be a useful contribution to clarifying the situation. A bold simplification of book-keeping procedures so as to reduce their cost is also recommended. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 168 Number: 351560 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351560 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351560/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3173.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351560 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Altmann, C. Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Title: L'alimentation des animaux en Europe : quels modèles ? Abstract: Four countries of the EEC, Denmark, France, The Netherlands and the FRG have published since 1970 statistical data showing the utilization of their feeding ressources by their main animal species : cattle, pig and poultry. Since comparable EEC data do not exist in general, these national statistics permit, through an analysis of the components of the average feeding rations, a first comparison of the various methods used for animal feeding in Europe. This analysis brings out a better knowledge of the use of the various items and in particular of cereals substitutes. Furthermore it shows that the concept of « milkfactory » does not represent the standard situation of the dairy branch in the EEC countries where fodder remains the principal component of cattle feeding. Finally, the specificity of the Dutch model is brought to light, not only compared with France, but also compared with two other northen states including Denmark. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 168 Number: 351561 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351561 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351561/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3174.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moyano, E. Title: Syndicalisme et agriculture dans la transition démocratique en Espagne Abstract: In Western Europe, representative farm trade unions and farm organizations play a considerable role in the inforcement of farm policy. In Spain, as economic and social «modernization» has developed in recent years only, in a non democratic regime, the State has hampered the progress of such organizations by imposing a corporatist structure on the civil society. The farm sector suffers the consequences of this situation : too many farms organizations and trade unions have been created since the restoration of democracy and they are too weak to serve as an adequate tool fora modernization policy which is essential at the moment of Spain's entry into the EEC. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 168 Number: 351562 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351562 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351562/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3175.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351562 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Hairy, Denis Title: Mise au point. A propos de la rencontre franco-britannique AES/SFER, septembre 1984 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 168 Number: 351563 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351563 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351563/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3177.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351563 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: publications, Principales Title: Georges Severac (1928- 1980) Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 168 Number: 351564 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351564 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351564/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3178.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351564 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 168 Number: 351565 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351565 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351565/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3179.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351565 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: J.P. Bourgier. - Innovation et production laitière, le contrôle laitier dans le département de la Loire. Centre d'Etudes foreziennes Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 168 Number: 351566 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351566 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351566/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_4940_t1_0056_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351566 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Guenhaël Jegouzo. - La petite paysannerie en France Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 168 Number: 351567 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351567 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351567/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_4940_t1_0057_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Jean-Pierre Darre. - L'univers de pensée des éleveurs. La parole et la technique. Paris, éd. L'Harmattan, Collection Alternatives paysannes Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 168 Number: 351568 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351568 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351568/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_4940_t1_0057_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Olivier Godard, Jean-Paul Ceron. — Planification décentralisée et modes de développement. L'expérience du Bureau Méridional Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 168 Number: 351569 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351569 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351569/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_4940_t1_0058_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Author-Name: Maresca, Sylvain Title: Agriculteurs et petits entrepreneurs : Peut-on faire des comparaisons ? Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 169 Number: 351570 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351570 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351570/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3181.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albert, Jean Title: Panorama historique de la connaissance statistique du commerce et des services Abstract: The sector of trade and services is a sector where small firms are predominant. The statistical methods used to apprehend it can justly be of interest to rural economists as agriculture is equally a sector of small units. The observation system set up includes an exhaustive file, annual or monthly sample surveys based on this file, completed by official documents and macroeconomic accounts. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 169 Number: 351571 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351571 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351571/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3182.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zarca, Bernard Title: Constitution et organisation de l'artisanat dans la France contemporaine Abstract: In the interwar period, organizing the middle classes is seen as a bulwork against socialism of the working classes. The idea is to build up a group, to assemble its potential members and tell them they are craftsmen, thus creating a new social identity. The State can then help them build their own institutions, give them official recognition and grant various advantages to them. Group spirit and common interests are thus created. In fact there is no real job unity among artisans ; their ideologies, political alliances and economic interests are diverse. In 1938, however, one of the tendencies becomes dominant. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 351572 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351572 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351572/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3183.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maresca, Sylvain Title: La famille, le métier, l'entreprise Abstract: This article deals with the possible comparisons between farmers and other socio-professional groups. Rather than taking refuge behind the specificity of farming, as it is so often the case, or drawing inconclusive formal parallels between farming, crafts or small trade taken as a whole, it would be better to study general phenomena and the form they take in various specific activities: wether craft, family, firm, or professional association bodies. This research would concern scientifically defined entities instead of socially given sectors and it would be an advantage if it were carried out collectively. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 351573 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351573 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351573/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3184.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351573 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaeger, Christine Title: Artisans et industriels : une coexistence risquée ? Abstract: Artisanat is neither a remnant of the past nor a nursery for tomorrow's firms, it is considered here as something specific with its own economic behaviour. Its coexistence with industry then appears in a different light. Both have to face market risk and uncertainty, but artisans cover those tasks for which the work process is autonomous and discontinuous and production means are limited. Industry handles coordinated work processes and more cumbersome means of production. So both types of activities are rather complementary and the frontier between them shifts constantly as ways of life and technologies change. This marks the limits of the expansion of capitalism in our societies. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 351574 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351574 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351574/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3185.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351574 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lifran, Robert Title: Installation, transmission du patrimoine et reproduction d'un système agraire. Le cas de l'agriculture du Midi de la France Abstract: Admitting that the reproduction of family farming as a mode of production derives from a double selective process (selection between farmers and between their heirs) and that the models which are supposed to represent these phenomenae have vastly underestimated the importance and the diversity of the mecanisms of patrimony accumulation and transmission ; this papers presents the results observed in the agricultural pattern caracteristic of the Mediterranean South of France. Analysing the data of the Land tenure survey of the « RGA^ Foncier» and the observations made from various « Cantons» we point out the specificity of the fecondity of the agricultural population of the Languedoc, and the effect of the difference in size of the patrimony received on the future evolution of the farm units. These results bring a new light on the importance of the patrimony in the production process. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 169 Number: 351575 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351575 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351575/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3186.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Casella, Philippe Author-Name: Tripier, Pierre Title: Dynamique des métiers, contraintes et ressources de la culture de métier Abstract: As all strong cultural knowledge, trade ideology presents a totalitarian facet. The fact that it garanties indépendance, enables it to express itself outside the production process. We observe this amongst builders when they start their own businesses, assess new markets or contract more labour. It provides a set of rules regulating industrial relations between wage earners and employers or between craftsmen of various trades. It covers the various career paths and is coherent when craftsmen are separated from other kinds of occupations. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 351576 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351576 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351576/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3187.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mayer, Nonna Title: Les attitudes économiques des petits commerçants français Abstract: Non directive interviews and opinion polls show the persistence of traditional small shopkeepers owning their businesses and working with their families, trade mentality prevailing over entrepreneurial behaviour. Retailers interviewed have become so to be their «own masters». They do not want to increase the size of their business or modernize it or hire more labour. They are looking towards the past convinced of their decline. They believe in strict morals based on work and effort. If this attitude is perpetuating it is because small trade remains a possibility of social mobility for small wage earners wishing to become self employed and for the children of self employed people to stick to that social status. In other words for people with very little capital, low cultural or social background and therefore unable to adjust to capitalist management. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 169 Number: 351577 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351577 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351577/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3188.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leconte, Philippe Title: Les conditions de travail dans la menuiserie artisanale Abstract: This study presents the analysis of a rural carpenter's workload. A craftsman must display many complex mental strategies in order to organize his short or middle-dated occupations. The analysis of his activity confirms this assumption by showing a slipping of his woodwork to administration and organization tasks. In this case, a craftsman is, first and foremost a manager. Therefore, his mental activity of planning is the salient feature of his workload, thus questionning the social image of craftindustry. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 351578 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351578 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351578/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3189.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351578 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazile, P. Author-Name: Viallon, J.-B. Title: Le GAEC est-il une forme de société de.transition pour l'agriculture ? Abstract: Based on a survey of the GAECs in this area, an economic theory of farm production units is built. Farms are not firms but rather an ambiguous concept changing but durable. Within this framework, GAECs are an original type of unit even if the aims of their founders are partly forgotten. They are not a new form of production unit but rather a new form of family farm because factor inputs remain in joint ownership and under paid. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 169 Number: 351579 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351579 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351579/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3190.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351579 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainsant, Pascal Author-Name: Soufflet, Jean-François Title: Les entreprises personnelles et familiales dans la filière viande de boucherie Abstract: The French beef and livestock production and marketing system is a very interesting case study to understand changing from an artisanal to an industrial system. It is not only a changing in the patterns of the firms ; it is also a changing of the regulation, price system, kind of products... The place of small firms cannot be analysed only as a resistance to industry. Of course, small firms may disappear as large industrial firms become more'efficient. But small firms also change, in their technics, size, activities, because the whole world is changing : farms are more concentrated, towns are different... Many opportunities are still open to them if they are able to keep closely adjusted to the system they belong to Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 169 Number: 351580 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351580 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351580/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3191.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Mouchet, Christian Title: La promotion de la gestion auprès des agriculteurs ou l'histoire de la comptabilité simplifiée et de son utilisation en agriculture Abstract: Why are farm accounts so seldom kept in agriculture in 1985 ? How can there be good management without them ? These questions raise the problem of economic rationality of the farm production unit. The history of farm accounts shifts between two extremes : reliance on general accounting methods derived from trade and banking activities ; a simplification of accounting to fit family farming. Both lead to partial failure. The current new element is income tax which requires an instrument of measurement and control. This gives a new opportunity for expanding accounting but may not develop management methods. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 169 Number: 351581 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351581 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351581/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3192.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351581 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Letowski, A. Author-Name: Quémeré, J. Title: L'appui technique aux artisans Abstract: It has changed overtime with new legislation (such as VAT and compulsory management training sessions), with changes in economic environment and as the result of bargaining with local units of government. However even if there is more advice on economic and marketing decisions, most of the support is in technological training. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 351582 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351582 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351582/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3193.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maresca, Sylvain Title: Agriculteurs et petites entreprises : Eléments de bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 169 Number: 351583 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351583 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351583/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3194.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamelin, Patrick Title: Les conditions temporelles de travail des conducteurs de poids lourds transportant des marchandises Abstract: The work of the lorry drivers is a well known activity caracterized by the fact that the driver has the responsibility to adjust to most of the risks of the production process. This relative autonomy within the organization of his work however imposes on him longer hours than for the ordinary worker integrated in other production processes. Nevertheless lorry drivers experiment very different working conditions wether they belong to the transportation sector or to other economic sectors. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 170 Number: 351584 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351584 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351584/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3196.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351584 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debeauvais, Rémi Title: Le développement du secteur artisanal de la pêche Abstract: In France small scale sea fishing has survived and even expanded in front of a large scale industry-like sector in deep crisis and decline. This paradoxical evolution is analyzed. The two forms do not always conflict in terms of fishing zones, markets, employment. Small scale fishing has its own dynamics. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 170 Number: 351585 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351585 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351585/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3197.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herail, M. Title: Fiscalité agricole et droit des baux ruraux Abstract: Farm leasing laws came i nto existence before the idea of farm busi nesses. The fact that they do not rally with the circumstances is obvious when the farm business is transferred since family leases not being negotiable there appears a form of continuity which has financial consequences with regard to VAT, tax on capital gains or on profits of the successors. Yet because of their antiquity in the farm leasing laws there are many types of lease no longer used which might help to solve certain tax problems either by permanently dissociating land and the rest of the capital, or by a form of association like share tenancies. I n addition even older forms of joint ownership of livestock or of equipment may lessen the financial tax consequences of the transfer of farm assets while reducing the taxation of the successor. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 170 Number: 351586 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351586 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351586/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3198.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351586 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pillebout, Jean-François Title: La transmission de l'entreprise agricole : succession non préparée Abstract: In spite of changes brought about by agricultural problems French law is strict as far as successions are concerned. The fact that heirs cannot be totaly disinherited, division into equal parts, the fact that agreements cannot be made concerning successions to come, are obstacles to the transfer of farm businesses. The impossibility of bequeathing lease rights except between parents and children increases the fragility of the businesses from a legal point of view. In addition, agricultural change has meant an enormous increase in the amount of capital invested without increasing its profitability. In such a context farm businesses stay within the family, which request some precautions to avoid conflicts between the children and excessive taxation. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 170 Number: 351587 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351587 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351587/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3199.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351587 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dozat, R. Author-Name: Berger, P. Title: La préparation de la transmission du patrimoine agricole Abstract: As a result of the high level of investment, particularities inherent to the type of business and the complex legal context, farm transfer is a tricky problem usually requiring a previous reorganization of the assets. Laws have indeed been passed to enable adequate legal arrangements - for example GFAs (Groupements fonciers agricoles) Groupements forestiers and long term leases - to be made, but this does not solve all the legal or tax problems which arise the unexpected death or retirement of the farmer. It is often necessary to anticipate further and set up a frame work adapted to the situation, a farm transfer scheme. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 170 Number: 351588 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351588 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351588/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3200.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jazra-Bandarra, Nelly Title: L'impact du soja sur le marché des oléagineux : le cas portugais Abstract: In Portugal, the animal feed industry began to use soybean during the sixties. A crushing capacity was created in 1975, expanding rapidly and exporting soybean oij and cake. Expansion in this sector which originated in Spain and secured its place on the world market, had lead to the development of an important equipment industry. The use of soybean oil was delayed in Portugal because of the resistance of olive oil and colonial oilseed interests. But the soybean oil entered the competition and has remplaced the traditional sources. This evolution increased the dependancy and created a new external articulation where the United States has the major position. The introduction of soybean is no longer questioned to day because it has induced the growth of the animal feed industry and given raw material to fish conserveries and margarine industry. Internal intervention mechanisms (exchange control, foreign transfers...) have distorted the price formation and the liberalization of imports has not reached its objective. Reforms are necessary in order to obtain better competitivness, especially for the entry in the European Economic Community. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 170 Number: 351589 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351589 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351589/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3201.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colman, David Title: Méthodes quantitatives et théorie micro-économique : enseignement et application à la politique agricole au Royaume-Uni Abstract: Eighteenth and Nineteenth century writings on political economy by Adam Smith, David Ricardo and J.S. Mill were very much concerned, among other things, with agricultural trade and the economics of agricultural production and rents. It was not, however, until the decade 1910-1920 that the institutional basis of a separate agricultural economics profession in the UK was established, inspired in particular by the development of the discipline of farm management in the USA. UK agricultural economics has built on the twin bases of farm management studies and neo-classical economic principles applied to markets, trade and policy. The teaching of the subject very much reflects these origins, and there is heavy emphasis on microeconomic theory and econometrics. While agricultural economics in the UK is a broad school, embracing marketing, third-world development, and rural and environmental studies there is no major dissent from the core theoretical curriculum. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 351590 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351590 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351590/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3202.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yabilé Kinimo, René Title: Recherche sur l'équilibre financier d'un programme de crédit agricole en Côte-d'Ivoire Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 170 Number: 351591 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351591 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351591/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3203.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pivot, Catherine Title: Données sur la spécialisation internationale de la France dans le secteur agricole Abstract: The agricultural specialization in France is analysed with construction of typology of the exchanges. The flows of interstate trade look strongly impressed by the degree of aids provided by the CAP. French specialization is, primarily, the results of the existence of surpluses or deficits on the national market. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 351592 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351592 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351592/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3204.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351592 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naegelen, Florence Title: Les marchés au cadran et la formation des prix Abstract: Dutch type auctions, used to sell fruits and vegetables, are special resources allocation procedures. In this article, we study the mechanism properties through the bidding theory methods. The Dutch auction is often preferred to other allocation procedures for several reasons: it's an efficient and very fast revelation mechanism, which is fair. A game theory analysis is used to study the Dutch auction prices properties. The decreasing auction is a non cooperative game which is strategically equivalent to the first priGe auction. The price formed, depending on the buyers' strategies, is a competitive price which tends to the true price when buyers become more risk averse and when competition increases. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 170 Number: 351593 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351593 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351593/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3205.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Les Etats-Unis vont-ils changer de politique agricole ? Abstract: The identification of the main actors involved in the US agricultural policy process and the analysis of their strategies permits one to interpret the recent debates and to consider a few likely scenarios. The main actors are classified in two broad categories: economic organizations and public agencies. Among the former, farm organizations and more particularly commodity groups play the most important role. In the latter category the role of the legislators, linked to their party, their seniority and the chamber they belong to must be distinguished from that of the Executive branch. The consequences of the current US debate for European agriculture may be very great. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 351594 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351594 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351594/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3206.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Joseph Garnotel. — L'ascension d'une grande agriculture. Champagne pouilleuse-Champagne crayeuse Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 170 Number: 351595 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351595 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351595/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0059_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351595 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Yves Gazzo. — La politique agricole des Etats-Unis. Protectionnisme intérieur. Capture des marchés extérieurs Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 351596 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351596 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351596/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0060_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351596 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: OCDE. — Gestion des projets d'aménagement des eaux. Prise de décision et évaluation des investissements Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 170 Number: 351597 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351597 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351597/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0061_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Serge Michailof. — Les apprentis-sorciers du développement (Mythes technographiques face à la pauvreté rurale) Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 170 Number: 351598 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351598 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351598/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0061_0000_6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Association des ruralistes français. — La pluriactivité dans les familles agricoles Keywords: Farm Management, Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 170 Number: 351599 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351599 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351599/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0062_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351599 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Jean-Pierre Alaux, Philippe Norel, Jacques Berthelot, Bertrand Delpeuch, Serge Latouche, Vincent Leclercq, Marcel Marloie. — Faim au Sud, crise au Nord Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 170 Number: 351600 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351600 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351600/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0063_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351600 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Guesdon J.C. — Parlons vaches... Lait et viande en France, Aspects économiques et régionaux Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 170 Number: 351601 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351601 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351601/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0064_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Ouvrages, études, périodiques, reçus récemment Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 351602 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351602 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351602/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_4964.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351602 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Table des matières 1985 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 351603 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351603 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351603/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3208.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351603 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neeser, P. Title: L'intensification en 1985, le point de vue d'un professionnel Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 171 Number: 351604 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351604 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351604/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3732.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351604 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serra, Sylvie Title: Intensification ou déclin ? Abstract: Intensification or decline ? - Intensification at farm level is for the agroindustry, a choice vastly conditioned by the markets economic organization and the level of protection they enjoy. The margin left to the industrial sector remains however very narrow taking into account the fact that it is excluded from the main political decisions and from the official development schemes. In fact, the discussion over the intensification has hidden the real problem which is: the necessary modernization of the French farms taking into account reliable technical economic data, which unfortunately still do not exist. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 171 Number: 351605 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351605 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351605/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3733.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Title: Approche économique de l'intensification Abstract: An economic appraisal of agricultural intensification - In the first part of this paper, the author seeks to provide a theoretical framework to analyse agricultural intensification. He gives special emphasis to the influence of factor prices and technical progress on factor-use proportions. The induced innovation hypothesis is also presented. The second and third parts are based upon French regional data concerning the sixties and seventies. Despite large differences in factor endowment ratios, regions experienced the same growth pattern. It is characterized by the substitution of materials, capital, and land to labor. The rate of growth of total productivity has been very different among regions, for example cropping regions (specially cereals oriented) were more successful than dairy regions and mediterranean areas. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Agribusiness Volume: 171 Number: 351606 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351606 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351606/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3734.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Besnault, M. Title: Le rôle respectif du public et du privé dans la fourniture d'informations aux agriculteurs Abstract: Public and private information sources for farmers - The main sources of information for the farmer are : 1 . the suppliers of in put, the buyers of out put ; 2. the unions (economic education of the farmers) ; 3. the teachers who have considerably improved the knowledge of the farmers. In the short run there should not be any major change. The number of farmers will decrease but the quality of the knowledge of the farmers will grow rapidly. The farmers unions will have more and more to take into account the non agricultural environment. The constant technico-economic development of the farmers will be done by the input sectors, the agribusiness and more precisely by the cooperative mouvement. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 171 Number: 351607 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351607 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351607/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3735.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Title: Les nouvelles donnes de l'agriculture française Abstract: French agriculture has been in « crisis » for 12 years, and intensification is still one of the causes of the crisis. This paper tries to look for other explanations outside the agricultural field. In front of all the challenges agriculture has to face at present, many economic studies are missing on several topics. The relationship between agriculture and the other French economic sectors should be better known so as to enable international -comparisons with our foreign trade partners. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 171 Number: 351608 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351608 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351608/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3736.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351608 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Astruc, J. Title: La politique des structures a-t-elle évolué depuis 1960 ? Abstract: Has the land policy changed since 1960 ? -With the 1960 and 1962 Agricultural Act a real land policy was born which enabled the state to reshape the production sector. Ever since alterations have occured. Policy of modernization of the farms and of the settling of young farmers have been added to the initial aims of increasing the farm size and decreasing the farm population. However, one cannot see various steps in contradiction with the previous orientations, as many signs show, on the contrary, a continuity in the search of the initial targets fixed in 1960 (1980 Agricultural Act, the socialist project of land boards beeing dropped). The land policy does not own its permanence from the laws it derived from, and could have inspired other evolutions. Its enforcement has been caracterized for 25 years by the constant reference to a model of development for agriculture, model which has induced the intensification policy. Before one asks oneself about new ways of intensification, one should know if in the present state farm structures really allow such possibilities. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 171 Number: 351609 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351609 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351609/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3737.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillon, F. Title: S'installer et moderniser l'exploitation agricole Abstract: Settling down on a farm and then modernize it with the help of a development scheme envolves a high level of investment. Surveys made during these two critical periods of the life of a farmer show according to the various systems of production the level and the nature of the investments involved, the structure of liabilities and their consequences on the farmers income. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 171 Number: 351610 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351610 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351610/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3738.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Aspects macro-économiques de la pluriactivite des familles agricoles Abstract: Macroeconomic aspects of farm family «pluriactivité» - What could be the part played by the development of « pluriactivité » in agriculture, in order to limit the over supply of agricultural products. Farm family «pluriactivité» is difficult to observe because of theoretical, practical, and political reasons. With the help of available data, the author tries to support two statements : — a diffuse « pluriactivité» expands in France whilst the official figures of multiple job holding farmers decline, — the development of farm «pluriactivité» does not imply necessarily a reduction of the labor force engaged in agriculture, and the extensification attached to it. Some research perspectives are presented. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 171 Number: 351611 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351611 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351611/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3739.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muller, Pierre Title: Les obstacles au changement : peut-on changer de politique agricole ? Abstract: In 1981-83 the government has tried to set up a new agricultural policy favouring solidarity and employe- ment. This policy was not as successfull as expected looking to the fact that changes advertized had to be watered down or dropped. To try to explain the difficulties faced by Mrs E. Cresson Minister of Agriculture one has to analyze the triple handicap of legitimacy this policy presented as far as : the farming world, the administration and the general policy of the government were concerned. Only a « policy of the farm » could conciliate the goals of the general policy and the defense of an employment policy for rural areas. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 171 Number: 351612 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351612 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351612/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3740.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351612 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviron, Sophie Title: Les adaptations possibles à la politique des quotas : les résultats d'une étude statistique Abstract: Possible adaptations to the quota policy. Results of a statistical survey - Do we have to drop intensification with a quota policy? A study made by SNIA and IGER covering 1782 specialized dairy farms in 1982/83 classified according to an accurate typology shows that intensification the French way i.e. intensification of fodder crops and improvement of genetics followed by an adequate complement of the daily ration, leads to an improvement of the balance sheet and an increase of income as variable costs increase stays inferior to gains on structural costs. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 171 Number: 351613 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351613 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351613/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3741.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351613 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Enquête Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 171 Number: 351614 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351614 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351614/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3742.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Title: Le développement agricole face à la diversité de l'agriculture française Abstract: An agricultural development policy adapted to the variability of french agriculture - --The convention on development has contributed in putting foreward the theme of the diversification of the farms, theme which has become very popular within agricultural organisations. The variability of productions and the heterogeneity of farms have been put foreward as a sign of the leeway of French agriculture for twenty years. Extension work bodies advocated technical advice necessary to a specialization of farms and intensification of productions. To day diversification of farms is considered as one of the conditions of adaptation to the constraints of the market. The promotion of « different sorts of agriculture » is proposed as an opportunity for the most advanced farmers. This change will affect deeply the traditional farm type model employing 2 work units, standard model for all agricultural policy measures since 1960. This new move already justifies a development policy adapted to this new sort of agriculture. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 172 Number: 351615 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351615 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351615/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3743.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351615 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pacquet, A. Title: Quelles perspectives pour les organisations communes ? Abstract: What will happen for common regulations of the markets ? - European agriculture experiences on important change following the necessity to master the evolution of its production and its budget expenses. Many decisions have altered the common organization of the markets. The Commission wished to give back to the market its part in directing the productions. Recent history has proved that this goal has not always been reached. In the Dairy sector the solution adopted to solve the problems has been to reach a control of the output, the regulation by the adjusment of the supply according to the demand of the market having been thought impossible for many member states. What will happen for other sectors ? It does not seem to be many possibilities. If quota are rejected, productions have to be price oriented. In consequence, the common regulations of the markets must be altered so as to enable the prices to be more sensitive to the situation of the markets. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 172 Number: 351616 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351616 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351616/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3744.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Capelle, F. Title: L'intensification face à la réduction des coûts de production Abstract: Intensifying opposed to cost-cutting - Cost cutting means a lower cost per unit of output. Drop in inputs means ignorance of husbandry and technology. For a given level of inputs yields increases with input associated informations. As a consequence, cutting Unitarian costs involves a better use of technology. The study of some different english systems shows that it is also true for fixed costs. Highest cost systems are often best users of capital. So cost cutting calls for more and better informations in inputs utilization. It means scientific intensification. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 172 Number: 351617 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351617 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351617/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3745.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prost, Michel Title: Modalités de gestion des quotas laitiers français Premier bilan et perspectives Abstract: Dairy quotas management in France. First results and future prospects - Dairy quotas were introduced into the EEC on April 2nd 1984 for a transitory period of 5 years. France choose to apply the quotas to dairy plants. The first two crop years benefitted from the results of a campaign to induce a limitation of production which was very successful in France and which allowed a redistribution of some 1.6 million tons of reference quantities. Producers in a period of growth could thus benefit from an additional reference quantity with a fixed guaranteed minimum for the first crop year. As the national reserve was relatively small, it was impossible to use it as an adjustment device but mountain areas and newly established young farmers were nevertheless granted priority. During the first period, the reorganization between producers and dairy plants did not lead to an important transfer of reference quantities from one area to the other, but it is probable that the redistribution of unused quotas will. The absence of a quota market is probably due to the undefined legal status and ownership of the quotas. The system of applying quotas to the dairy plants leaves a greater liberty of management which is beneficial to the producers but it gives lesser margin for the participation of the farmers in the local management and distribution of reference quantities as well as for the development of a regional decision center. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Industrial Organization Volume: 172 Number: 351618 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351618 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351618/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3746.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351618 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Autres contributions de la session (résumés) Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 172 Number: 351619 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351619 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351619/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3747.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351619 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aubert, Didier Author-Name: Léon, Yves Author-Name: Wehrlin, H. Title: « Agriculteurs en difficulté » : d'un phénomène marginal à un problème réel Abstract: French farmers with financial difficulties : from a minor phenomenon to a real problem - The number of French farmers facing financial stress, which could make them go bankrupt, seems to become larger since the income crisis started in agriculture. This problem was regarded as a minor one until recent years, but in 1982 about 4 %of full time farmers are concerned. Half of farmers with financial difficulties were helped by public subsidies. Most of subsidized farmers operate rather big farms. Their farms have encountered financial hardship because of poor rate of return or too high indebtness. Among the subsidized farmers one third had already got government grants to set up or modernize their farms before 1982. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 172 Number: 351620 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351620 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351620/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3748.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351620 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Broussolle, Claude Title: Localisation des activités de production et de transformation du lait Abstract: Location of milk production and dairy plants - In this paper the authors endeavour to select dairy production areas according to the geographic location and the technical and economic characteristics of the dairy plants and of the consumption centers. To do so they use an econometric model taking into account the irregularities of supply and demand and the interaction of the various economic operators. This model applies to the three levels of the dairy branch. It enables the optimal allocation of inputs and outputs between firms to be determined and plant locations and resources allocations to be chosen. The study carried out at dairy plant level is divided into three parts. The first part presents the pattern of the econometric model. The second part gives the classification of the production areas and of the dairy plants according to their competitivity on the markets. The third part presents some results on the location of the dairy surpluses. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 172 Number: 351621 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351621 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351621/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3749.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: L'état et le statut de l'économie rurale Abstract: Agricultural economics is not only a scientific discipline. Faithful to their «agronomic» tradition, born during the 19th century in western countries, agricultural economists can be defined by the use of economics concepts, hypotheses, and methods in the analysis of the problems agriculture, the latter being understood in its broadest meaning. They nevertheless remain full-fledge economists. The Malaga Conference once more emphasized that, within this broad project, agricultural economists are extremely diverse both in terms of their professional objectives and of the way they exert their profession : topics studied, methods used, linkages with the users of their works. This diversity raises evaluation problems for the evaluation of the quality of their works: what are the best criteria of professional excellence? The author pleads in this respect for using four « classical » criteria : internal logical consistency, consistency with experience, clarity and relevance. He pleads also for respecting pluralism and enhancing a great degree of reciprocal tolerance among agricultural economists, as well as for a great degree of rigour in the methods used. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 172 Number: 351622 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351622 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351622/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3750.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351622 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Painvin, Rose-Marie Title: P. Bourgarel, D. Hesse-Capt, D. Pauthier, en collaboration avec L. Ratier-Coutrot. — Les formations de promotion sociale agricole Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 172 Number: 351623 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351623 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351623/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0055_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Houée, Paul Title: N. Mathieu, P. Duboscq et alii. — Voyage en France par les pays de faible densité Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 172 Number: 351624 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351624 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351624/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0056_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Csaba Csaki. — Simulation and System analysis in Agriculture Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 172 Number: 351625 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351625 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351625/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0056_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351625 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aubert, Claude Title: Alain Lefebvre. — La politique rurale de la Chine Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 172 Number: 351626 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351626 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351626/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0057_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351626 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: J. Lecaillon, C. Morisson. — Politiques économiques et performances agricoles : le cas du Burkina Faso, 1960-1983 Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Productivity Analysis Volume: 172 Number: 351627 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351627 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351627/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0058_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351627 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Fida. — The role of rural credit projects in reaching the poor Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 172 Number: 351628 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351628 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351628/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0059_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rambaud, Patrick Title: Yves Lambert. — Dieu change en Bretagne. La religion à Limerzel de 1900 à nos jours Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 172 Number: 351629 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351629 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351629/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0060_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Title: Basile Kerblay. — Du mir aux agrovilles Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 172 Number: 351630 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351630 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351630/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0060_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351630 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aubert, Didier Title: André Gueslin. — Le Crédit Agricole Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 172 Number: 351631 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351631 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351631/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0061_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351631 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Ouvrages, études, périodiques reçus récemment Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 172 Number: 351632 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351632 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351632/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_4900.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351632 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tracy, Michaël Title: Excédents et échanges, dilemmes européens Abstract: Agricultural surpluses and exchanges the dilemmas of the european community - Supply and demand trends for agricultural products in the European Community lead to the accumulation of stocks that can be disposed of only with expensive subsidies. However, some French economists do not seem to recognize that a surplus problem exists. They put forward an interpretation of history which is difficult to reconcile with growing State intervention on behalf of the farm sector, and in particular with the support given under the CAP. They do not accept «neo-classical» economic analysis, yet their own approach does not seem capable of explaining imbalances between supply and demand. Neo-classical economists insist on the need to reduce farm prices, but this position need not be absolute. Prices do not have to be reduced to world ma/ket levels ; there is justification for more balanced protection ; and direct aids can assist farmers in difficulty. The real situation, unfortunately, is far from such a scenario, and prospects are not encouraging. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 173 Number: 351633 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351633 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351633/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3752.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eabel, M. Title: Economie politique des programmes agricoles des Etats-Unis Abstract: The political economy of us agricultural policy - The United States engaged in an intensive agricultural policy debate in 1985 leading to passage of a new five-year farm bill, the Food Security Act of 1985. The political process sought to achieve several conflicting goals : (a) reductions in support levels to make the U.S. more competitive in world markets and stimulate exports which had fallen off sharply: (b) protection of farm income through government payments in the midst of declining land values and serious farm financial problems; and (c) reductions in the government cost of agricultural price and income support programs which had escalated sharply over the past five years. Since it was impossible to achieve all three of these goals because of inherent conflicts, the architects of farm policy opted to achieve the first two goals and sacrifice budget costs. The Congressional election in 1986 played a major role in shaping this outcome. However, another piece of legislation designed to balance the Federal budget by 1991 requires reductions in expenditures on agricultural and other programs. To the extent deficit reduction is achieved through expenditure cuts, the cost of agricultura price and income support programs will not be as high as initially expected under the new farm bill. The new farm policy has already been implemented for the 1 986 crop season and for dairy products. In the case of major price supported crops, market support (loan) levels have been reduced markedly; e. g. by 27 percent for wheat and 25 percent for corn. As in the past, U.S. agricultural policies will be subject to frequent change as the economic and political environment evolves. However, the basic thrust of the Food Security Act of 1985 is not likely to be altered in any fundamental way. Lower support levels will be maintained and substantial income protection to farmers will be provided through government payments. The cost of this policy to the government could be modified, however, through continuing efforts to deal with the larger budget deficit issue. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Political Economy Volume: 173 Number: 351634 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351634 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351634/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3753.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351634 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: La crise de la politique agricole commune affectera-t-elle les exportations françaises de produits agricoles et agro-alimentaires ? Abstract: The strong and weak points of french agriculture on the international market : which competitors and in what political context ? - French agricultural and food exports developped under the shelter of protection provided by the Common Agricultural Policy. This expert judgement does not seem questionable in spite of the uncertainty about the exact role of prices in this development. The pressures presently exerted on the CAP make keeping the status quo, in terms of agricultural protection very difficult and therefore highly unlikely. Are as result French agricultural exports threatened? Given the lack of sufficient research, it is difficult to settle this question. The partial information which are available suggest that for wheat, a portion of French production at least should be competitive. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 173 Number: 351635 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351635 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351635/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3754.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351635 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azouvi, Alain Title: L'agriculture française et les marchés mondiaux : mythe ou passage obligé ? Abstract: French agriculture in the year 2000 : which markets and which products ? - After the exceptional growth rate of the 1970s, world trade in farm and food products has stagnated over the last five years. Recent long-term economic planning research, however, has led to the conclusion that expansion will pick up once again, but at rate slower by half compared with the 1970s. For Europe and France, this trend is all the more welcome in that it will apply particularly to North Africa, the Middle East and subSaharan Africa, areas with which Europe already has close ties and which are close enough to Europe to afford a considerable logistic advantage. The research of the Plan also pointed, however, to the existence of a production potential in the major exporting countries far superior to the expected increase in demand, with the resultant divergency between supply and demand bringing constant pressure to bear on prices. Under these circumstances, what options remain open to French agriculture? What productions will be able to stand up to international competition ? Keywords: Marketing Volume: 173 Number: 351636 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351636 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351636/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3755.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351636 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Author-Name: Courgeon, J. Title: Distorsions de concurrence dues à la PAC. Protection effective sur le porc et l'aviculture en RFA, France, Pays-Bas, Danemark Abstract: Effective protection and the distortion of competition brought about by the C.A.P. - The Common Agricultural Policy protects the European agricultural sector from the fluctuations and competition of the world markets. But the various commodities do not all enjoy the same level of support. Similarly, in spite of the common price principle, guaranteed price levels vary from one country to another for the same products (because of MCA among other factors). It is difficult to devise indicators providing a synthetic view of these distortions particularly since they need to allow for the fact that protection inputs and raw materials tends to penalize the users thereof. A tentative evaluation of the effective protection afforded to pork and poultry meat was made, based on somewhat simplified assumptions : some input substituability and the same input cost structure from one country to another except for feed costs (pork, poultry), where national feed balances were used. Over the period 1972-83, evidence suggests that the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands enjoyed greater protection than France and Denmark, on the one hand because of the effects of the MCA and on the other hand because different countries use different proportions of cereals for animal feed, replacing grains to varying degrees with raw materials wich are not covered by the Common Agricultural Policy. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 173 Number: 351637 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351637 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351637/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3756.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351637 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Domergue, Philippe Author-Name: Folly, Martine Title: Le commerce extérieur de la France au cours des années 80 Abstract: This paper proposes to provide a presentation of France's external trade in recent years and of the main mechanisms relevant to a macroeconomic analysis of this aspect of French trade. It demonstrates how trends in our external trade linked to changes in the general economic climate are determined by the manufacturing sector and can be explained by three types of factors : - the fact that the French economic climate is often out of step with that of its major foreign trading partners ; - the competitiveness of products at home and abroad ; - the type of specialization within the industrial sector and particularly how it adapts to international market trends. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 173 Number: 351638 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351638 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351638/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3757.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351638 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chia, Eduardo Title: "L'organisation de l'économie paysanne" Volume: 200 Number: 351639 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351639 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351639/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4157.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351639 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: "Campagne française, campagne britannique" Volume: 200 Number: 351640 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351640 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351640/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4158.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des auteurs 1990 Volume: 200 Number: 351641 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351641 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351641/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4159.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berlan-Darqué, Martine Title: Agricultrices mises en scène Abstract: The apparearance, towards late 1960s, of farm women demonstrations constitutes a symbolic rupture : demonstrating and representing the whole trade is no longer men's prerogative. A labour division is taking shape : often violent and exclusively male actions, on the one hand, symbolic female actions, on the other hand. The fact that these demonstrations could have been considered by unions structures-characterized by a low level of female representationgives evidence of the emergence of a claiming ability among farm women that unions capitalize for the benefit of a renewed strategy of staging of the peasant mobilization, at the expense of the expression of specifically female claims. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 201 Number: 351642 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351642 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351642/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4160.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bodiguel, Maryvonne Title: La politique agricole entre Etat et territoires Abstract: This article traces the principal watersheds in the evolution of governmental ideas and attitudes concerning agriculture and its relationship to French rural space. Beginning with the policies of the 1960s which, following rapid change in the French countryside and the appearance of local socio-economic problems, focussed on the need to transform agricultural structures, the article goes on to examine the emergence of a specific rural management policy within a broad context of national land management and its eventual replacement by a policy rural/local development. In tracing these policy shifts, the article considers the question of the territorial management of agriculture : from state technocracy to regional, or indeed micro-regional, initiative ; from a policy of national, or indeed international economic balancing to a search for local political dialogue. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 201 Number: 351643 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351643 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351643/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4161.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351643 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourquelot, F. Title: Les syndicats de salariés de la production agricole : la conquête de l'égalité sociale Abstract: Since 1958, important efforts have been undertaken by workers unions in order to fill the gap between general and agricultural legislations in the field of social protections. In general, they have been successful/, making french agricultural workers among the best protected against all kind of social risk. However, the number of wage workers has been rapidly shinking, due to the reduction of agricultural labour requirements, as well as many regulations favouring occupational shifting : as a consequence, their already weak borgaining assets have been even more weakened. Recently, a new dialogue has been developed through the emergence of adult educational structures. Will this development, and the corresponding creation of new agricultural wage workers organization, be sufficient to secure the social parity of this group, so backly hit by the recent evolution of agriculture ? Keywords: Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 201 Number: 351644 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351644 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351644/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4162.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351644 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darré, Jean-Pierre Title: Des catégories aux configurations : les conditions d'analyse des processus d'inter-influence dans l'agriculture Abstract: The means for sociological descriptions that are based on the counting of individuals, to be substituted for some of their features, lead to organize the society in homogeneous groups, to which real places are allocated with links among them. Those means lead to favour the descriptions and analysis in terms of power struggle, alliances, and above all of conflict and to erase the co-operation among individuals belonging to these aggregates, and its necessary co-existence with the conflicts. The descriptions of social configurations, of inter-influence networks, enable this phenomenons to show up, particulary within the groups of neigbourhood among farmers (studies realised by the GERDAL). Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 201 Number: 351645 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351645 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351645/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4163.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maclouf, Pierre Title: Les agriculteurs et la solidarité nationale : vers un nouveau modèle Abstract: The idea of solidarity may be defined as well a normative reference, i.e. a system of orientations that organizes the relationships between particular segments of society, as as a set of welfare institutions. In France, the organization of welfare for farmers was historically and sociologically embedded in a corporative and protective set of orientations that explains its maintained specificity. This particularity is currently objected to. This is due on one hand to the transformations of agriculture itself, which is bound to norms of competitiveness and, on another hand, to the shift of the normative orientations of the Welfare state itself, that now links solidarity with expected counterparts from the beneficiaries themselves. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 201 Number: 351646 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351646 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351646/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4164.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351646 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mann, Patrice Title: Permanence et évolution du répertoire d'action collective des agriculteurs français depuis 1970 Abstract: There are two main tendencies concerning the repertoire of collective action of French farmers. While maintaining a certain continuity with respect to the traditional area of farming action, this repertoire is characterized by a marked widening of the public scene in the farmers' struggle. To understand this evolution, attention must be paid to the structural transformations of a political (moving away from the centres of power and changes in the relationship between State and profession) and organizational (reforming in the trade union scene) sectors. But attention should also be drawn to the way the State and the other components of society at large have reacted to the demands and forms of claiming action of farmers over the last twenty years. Volume: 201 Number: 351647 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351647 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351647/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4165.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351647 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin, Samuel Author-Name: Novarina, Gilles Title: De la cogestion agricole à la cogestion rurale. L'exemple de la politique de la montagne Abstract: It is often considered that ily land can only be revitalized through actions undertaken by farmersespescially, animal farmers. Howerver, most of the time, farmers projects are subject to public subsidies, and the outmigration of a significant proportion of the agricultural labour force. As a consequence, they are campelled to discuss the conditions of their own survival with other rural decision markers. The adequate polical structures for such a bargain are local communities, which for long have been neglected by farmers. Infact, in front of development problems which are in essence more rural than agricultural, the latters are experienciong difficulties in their new role, at the level of local communities as well as within their own professional unions. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 201 Number: 351648 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351648 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351648/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4166.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351648 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mengin, Jacqueline Title: L'image du paysan dans la société française Abstract: The period of modernization of agriculture was marqued by an effort to revalorize the farmer's image. This resolute and ideological image, built by the catholic Action, progressively spread to all rural areas. It led to political changes and to the main agriculture acts which where inspired by the profession. Since the 70' s , the crisis showed the importance of the aid brought to agriculture, the diminution of the social basis of the agriculture circles and its radicalization (contestation if not violent action) and the competition, denonced by the supporters of the developping countries, which alimentary aid induces on the producters of the southern regions. The farmers reacted in order to recover a positive and valorizing image. They try to developp the quality of theise productions to realize a better economic and social insertion in the rural communities. Therefore they try to change the negative image by buiding identification pôles linhed to other economic and social groups. Volume: 201 Number: 351649 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351649 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351649/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4167.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pharo, Patrick Title: Les cités rurales : consensus et équité dans l'espace public local Abstract: This contribution studies some forms of civil agreement in rural areas. These forms are linked to local public spaces or, as we call them, rural Cities. Rural Cities take place in republican institutions but they are mainly interested in local questions and use rather personal and consensual methods of conflict resolution. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 201 Number: 351650 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351650 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351650/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4168.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351650 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: L'agriculture comme marché industriel : enjeux et stratégies Abstract: In the industrialized countries, agriculture has become an important market for the agro-supplying firms. In the 90' s, this market should follow a real mutation due to technical evolutions (bio-technologies and agrionic), intersified by the agricultural politics' new positionning. As a consequence, the firms in this sector will have to accelerate their restructuration. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 201 Number: 351651 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351651 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351651/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4169.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Jacques Franken (sous la direction de). - Agriculture et politiques agricoles en France et au Québec Keywords: Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 201 Number: 351652 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351652 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351652/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4170_t1_0047_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bernard Kayser. - La renaissance rurale, sociologie des campagnes du monde occidental Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 201 Number: 351653 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351653 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351653/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4170_t1_0048_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: B. Guerrien. - L'économie néo-classique Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 201 Number: 351654 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351654 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351654/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_201_1_4170_t1_0050_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Avant-propos Volume: 202-203 Number: 351655 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351655 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351655/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4171.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351655 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: L'agriculture dans l'activité économique et dans l'espace : deux modèles d'interprétation Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to connect on a statistical basis, food, agricultural and rural economy through two simple models : a model for the agro-food economy integrated to the global economy and an economic model in population. The noticed trends lead to a continuous decline of the rural population if this one does not diversify its activities. The future of countries mainly depends on the national and regional development policy. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 202-203 Number: 351656 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351656 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351656/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4173.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351656 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Une agriculture en déclin démographique dans un monde rural en croissance Abstract: Surprisingly, the reduction of the rural population in France has stopped, and this population is now increasing. Although there are some problems of interpretation of statistical date, the reality of the phenomenon is certain. But the evolution is different in the rural regions situated near small and middle size towns, where population grows rapidly, and in more isolated rural communities, where population still decreases in many cases. This demographic renewal of rural areas is due to the possibility for many people to combine living in a natural environment and finding jobs and services in the nearby towns. As a consequence of its constant reduction, the agricultural population represents a rapidly diminishing proportion of the rural population, and its influence is decreasing. But there are ways to solve the conflicts between the different parts of the rural world. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351657 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351657 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351657/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4174.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kayser, Bernard Title: Agriculture et ruralité : les nouveaux rapports Abstract: Observation of the present relationship between farmers and non-agricultural population invites one to think that a possible rupture is still unlikely. The inclusive notion of rurality preserves its meaning and the cultural convergence between countryside inhabitants demonstrates it well. The present situation is particularly complex. This is shown by analysis of economic, social and political relations between the farmers of various categories and the not less diverse categories of non-farmer active or inactive population. The alliance of agricultural and rural population matters, concerning the rural areas protection and development. But it isn't obvious : it has to be built up. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351658 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351658 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351658/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4175.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351658 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baillet, Claude Title: L'avenir du monde rural dans le contexte européen Abstract: Following on from the European Single Act and in the context of a new reform of the CAP, a community wide-ranging action has just been launched to promote rural development. The action reflects a new European approach to rural development ; an integrated spatial and humanist approach which contrasts starkly with the previous basically sectoral and productivist structural approach. A significant proportion of the European structural funds, which are in the process of being doubled, will go to finance this measure. The strengthening of the socio-economic cohesion of the Community is the major final objective of this action. Its application will face a number of challenges. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351659 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351659 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351659/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4176.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351659 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Huillet, Christian Title: Gestion de l'économie rurale Abstract: In recent years rural areas have changed considerably, causing governments of the twenty-four OECD member countries to be more and more concerned about the future of these areas. This article attempts to describe the situation and the evolution of rural areas in the OECD. It also proposes new objectives for the development of the rural economy. As a conclusion, it presents the main lines of an international program aimed at defining rural development policies. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351660 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351660 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351660/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4177.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351660 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Extraits des débats Volume: 202-203 Number: 351661 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351661 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351661/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4178.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Introduction Volume: 202-203 Number: 351662 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351662 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351662/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4181.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351662 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Title: Place de l'activité agricole dans l'espace rural. L'exemple d'une région agricole de Normandie : le pays d'Auge Abstract: National and regional level observations contradict many forecasts of a major agricultural decay. Results from a survey made in the « pays d'Auge », in Lower-Normandy, suggest that the diversity of production systems, their technical features and abilities of using bad lands, are linked to the share of agricultural income in total family income. A failure in understanding this mechanism partly explains the inability of intrasectorial analysis models to describe the relations between agricultural development and agricultural use of the territory. It seems, however, that the ability, for families straying from professionnal agriculture, to maintain or to undertake an agricultural activity and to use production systems laying on permanent pasture, is one of the reasons why bad lands are still in operation. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351663 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351663 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351663/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4182.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351663 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buller, Henry Title: Le processus de « counter-urbanisation » (Grande-Bretagne) et la « péri-urbanisation » (France) : deux modèles de retour à la campagne Abstract: This article seeks to identify and explain the different counterurbanisation experiences of Britain and France and attempts to place these different experiences in the context of the two nations' varied rural traditions. While the most significant characteristic of recent British rural population expansion has been net demographic growth in those rural areas lying furthest from urban centres, French nonmetropolitan population growth continues to be most pronounced in rural areas lying adjacent or near to urban regions. A major reason for this difference, it is suggested, lies in the comparative lateness of French urbanisation though other factors, notably differing residential preferences and State land use policy contexts have undoubtedly helped distinguish the two national experiences. Ultimately however, one needs to look at the different importance and function of rural areas in each nation's overall composition if the process of urban to rural population shift is to be understood in any genuine individual national context. Volume: 202-203 Number: 351664 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351664 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351664/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4183.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Etxezarreta, Miren Title: La modernisation de l'agriculture espagnole et le développement rural Abstract: Since the sixties, Spanish agriculture has made a very important effort to modernise. That modernisation develops a contradiction between the requirements of an efficient agriculture -required for the competitiveness within the EEC- and those of rural development. That contradiction is going to continue and increase in the fore- seable future. Agriculture alone cannot any longer be the base of rural development. Rural development becomes a matter for consciencious social choice. New investigations on subjects such as pluriactivity, tourism, new systems of diffused industrialisation and even direct social support will be necessary. Is rural development desired, by whom, who is going to pay for it, become important issues that require debate ? Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351665 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351665 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351665/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4184.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351665 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biannic, Louis Title: Maîtrise de l'espace et du développement dans une région difficile : le Mézenc Abstract: This investigation is about the projections of changes oflandspace and economic activities by the year 2000 of a small rural area of the Auvergne Région, Mézenc, in Haute-Loire. Its future seems connected to the keeping of primary schools, the maintenance of council roads, rationalization of milk collection, the increasing of farm sizes, and the development of the crosscountry skiing resort. Volume: 202-203 Number: 351666 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351666 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351666/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4185.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351666 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koninck, Rodolphe de Title: Maîtrise de l'espace ou maîtrise des paysans ? Les contradictions du périmètre d'irrigation Muda en Malaysia Abstract: Operational since 1970, the Muda irrigation scheme and its population have been the object of considerable technological and social transformations. However, even if a sophisticated hydraulic infrastructure has been established, peasant participation to water control has remained marginal. This tends to jeorpardize not only the future of the scheme itself but also that of the territorial compromise between the Malaysian State and the Malay peasantry. Volume: 202-203 Number: 351667 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351667 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351667/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4187.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351667 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kermel-Torrès, Doryane Author-Name: Bruneau, Michel Author-Name: Roca, Pierre-Jean Title: Les enjeux d'une maîtrise de l'espace rural dans trois états du Tiers Monde (Haïti, Inde, Thaïlande) Abstract: Analyzing the status and the role of agriculture in three countries, rural areas control of the three main actors, peasantry, entreprises and State, has been studied through some key phenomenas such as land availability, role of the infrastructures, intensification and diversification or credit and marketing of the production. The true challenges of the agricultural changes have been more accurately defined such as the pressure on the agro- ecological environment or the increasing socio-spatial unequalities. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351668 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351668 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351668/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4188.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351668 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertrand, Jean-Marie Author-Name: Théry, Hervé Author-Name: Waniez, Philippe Title: Les Japonais et la mise en valeur des Cerrados au Brésil : pour quelle maîtrise de l'espace et de l'approvisionnement alimentaire Abstract: Since 1974, Brazil and Japon have in progress a program of cooperation for the Cerrados region. The project has been expanded during the eighties. In 1989, more than 600 000 hectares are concerned in a region where a tremendous growth of soybean production take place. Its increasing balance of payment surplus gives to the Japan the means of a great direct investment and cooperation policy. What is the logic of that strategy ? What are the effects on the reciprocal trade and on the agricultural model of development of the Cerrados region ? Volume: 202-203 Number: 351669 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351669 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351669/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4189.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351669 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bodiguel, Maryvonne Title: L'agriculture intruse à la campagne Abstract: Agriculture needs to be reintegrated into the countryside, a process that will demand both new political reflection and new agricultural objectives. For not only will this entail significant political and administrative change but will also affect the image of the farmer himself within his locality. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351670 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351670 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351670/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4191.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351670 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muller, Pierre Title: Vers une agriculture de services Abstract: Taking two key variables (the articulation of on-farm activities and the relationship between the farm and the outside-world), one can construct a typology of market strategies for farm services. In this way, one can distinguish : the pluri-active farmer (with his patrimonial approach), the expert farmer (who has a professional outlook) and the businessman farmer (who adopts a marketoriented perspective). Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 202-203 Number: 351671 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351671 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351671/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4192.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351671 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerbaux, Françoise Title: Micro-entreprise à la campagne : quels modèles Abstract: Creation of small firms is a fact but this dynamic current met difficulties. On top of these problems, lack of system of reference is the most important. The self-employment is the one and only reference, but several values put to this form of labour are not convenient to the new social desire, and the new economic situation. It will be necessary to suit self-employment to a enterpreneurial culture, and change the economic, social and fiscal politics. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351672 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351672 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351672/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4193.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351672 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lagrave, Rose-Marie Title: Introduction Volume: 202-203 Number: 351673 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351673 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351673/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4195.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351673 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lambert, Yves Title: Peut-on encore parler de jeunes ruraux Abstract: The principal distinguishing features of rural youth (25 % of the total youth population) are due to the overwhelming presence of farming and working classes. It is noticable, however, that new lifestyles are less widespread and that rural workers are moving further away from the Left than urban workers. The attachment to rural life (54 % of rural youth, but only 36 % of students) or to the village (23 %) is nevertheless relative and condition- ned by a preference for the larger parishes and proximity to towns. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351674 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351674 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351674/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4196.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351674 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Galland, Olivier Title: Attitudes sociales, éthiques et civiques des jeunes ruraux Abstract: Four types have emerged from a survey about ethical and civic attitudes of young people from rural areas : 1) a type which is religious and traditional, whose social model respects hierarchy and authority and rejects class antagonism (it corresponds to a type that Michelat and Simon had found) ; 2) a type which is related to the left, agnosticism and protest, in favour of collective forms of social organisation (unions) ; 3) a type which has humanist values, close to the centre, which favours values of solidarity (such as an intervention fora colleague unfairly penalised, or to fight against racism), their religious orientation is defined by vague beliefs ; 4) a type which is atheist and individualist which is opposed to or ignores the idea of common interest with others and avoids interventions of solidarity. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351675 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351675 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351675/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4197.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351675 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morlet, Joël Title: Anciennes et nouvelles pratiques religieuses des ruraux Abstract: Sociological studies of religion in rural France were previously focussed on surveys on church attendance (Boulard) and the part played by the Agricultural Catholic Youth. This article provides tracks for a further updating of these studies : to what extent does religion remain a symbolical element of life among country communities ? What has become of catholic movements and their militants ? How is religious power shared out with decreasing number of priests ? What about the other religions ? Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351676 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351676 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351676/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4198.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351676 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Collomb, Philippe Title: Quelles démographies pour d'éventuelles nouvelles décennies de déprise ou pour une reprise agricole Abstract: After a description of the variety of urban déconcentration processes in developed countries, this paper analyses the concepts used to put them in evidence and proposes a more aggregate analysis of these phenomena. Volume: 202-203 Number: 351677 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351677 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351677/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4200.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Courgeau, Daniel Title: Déconcentration urbaine et renouveau du monde rural Abstract: Although strategies have changed between 1980 and 1990 - due to the fact that the parties in power have alternated - the deputies' conception of the future of the farming and rural world has stayed rather the same. Deputies have always tried to justify that the « rural world as environment » and the « rural world as community » are overpowered by the « rural world as economic activity » ; they also tried to produce a new symbolic representation from the old one. They have made theirs the themes that are part of the rural myth (the « everlasting rural world », the « deep rural world ») in order to overcome the contradictions inherent in their duties. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 202-203 Number: 351678 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351678 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351678/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4201.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351678 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meriau, Denis Title: L'avenir de l'agriculture et du monde rural dans le discours des députés : dix années de débats budgétaires sur l'agriculture (1980 - 1990) Abstract: The weakness of the services in rural areas has already led the population to gather into associations in order to take in charge their needs. Crisis and decentralization have induced investigations of new fields : creation of economic activities, employment, fight against exclusion. The local représentants who now appear as the main deciders find difficulties in establishing clear and efficient relations with the associations. However these associations appear as a fondamental element of the good function of local democracy in rural areas. Volume: 202-203 Number: 351679 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351679 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351679/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4202.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351679 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mengin, Jacqueline Title: Les associations face à la décentralisation Abstract: The evaluation is meaningfull only referred to a programm. It depends on its object. First the authors draw the methodological consequences of that proposal. Then they present some observations on the culture of evaluation based on the findings of a research on local associations dealing with rural development. Volume: 202-203 Number: 351680 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351680 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351680/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4204.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351680 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Granié, Anne-Marie Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Title: L'évaluation : perplexité méthodologique. Le cas de l'action associative Abstract: The end of the welfare state concerning cultural policy ? The Fédération nationale des Foyers ruraux seems to be an exception to the rule, beeing subsidized out of the budget of about a dozen public utility services. In fact her leaders clever joined indeed preceded the ideologies of cultural action and became so far the synthesis spot of country sphere public policies. Volume: 202-203 Number: 351681 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351681 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351681/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4205.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351681 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chosson, Jean-François Title: La Fédération nationale des foyers ruraux. Stratégies tournantes sur fronts mouvants Abstract: Jazz in Marciac, summer festival in Gers, created by the initiative of many voluntary workers and sustained by a judicious local board of partners, based on an associative project of cultural and local development, has invented a model conciliating in this particular case a high local participation around the conviviality and a dynamics like you can find in a firm. However, the great success of this new cultural organization could upset soon the beginning project. Volume: 202-203 Number: 351682 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351682 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351682/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4206.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351682 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cavet, Evelyne Title: Un festival en perspectives Volume: 202-203 Number: 351683 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351683 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351683/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4207.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351683 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Author-Name: Widemann., Jean-Claude Author-Name: Gavignaud, Geneviève Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Author-Name: Paour, François Author-Name: Pons, Paulette Title: Y aura-t-il encore demain des villes et des campagnes? Abstract: This paper outlines the various stages of the genesis of the common viticultural policy. Questions solved or to be solved are analyzed in chronological order. This critical analysis remains global ; a more detailed approach could be made using the bibliographical references. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 202-203 Number: 351684 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351684 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351684/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_202_1_4209.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arnaud, Charles Title: Le vin et l'organisation commune de marché entre Paris et Bruxelles : un dialogue quelquefois difficile Abstract: This paper represents for farmers and public authorities a kind of instrument conceived for decision assistance. It studies wheat in two french departments representative of the french cerealiculture. It is connected with two measures of agricultural policy : pure and simple fallow and energetic fallow. Two approchs are successively utilized : from a certain level of subsidy, we can read on the graphics surfaces and productions which will be eliminated and inversely ; from a certain level of restitution for export, we can define an optimum, that is to say the level of subsidy for which is realised the maximum of economies in the field of PAC expendidures. This optimum depends on degree of productive intensity, on modalities of subsidies distribution and on type of fallow which is envisaged. The energetic fallow of ethanol-wheat provides the best result according to the price of the sold product, price which is positively influenced by détaxation in France of this kind of energy. The éventuel surplus offered by non production or by non food production may be distributed in a manner of creating an interest convergency between european farmer and tax-payer. Volume: 204 Number: 351685 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351685 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351685/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4210.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351685 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Author-Name: Hautcolas, Jean-Charles Author-Name: Sourie, Jean-Claude Title: Les jachères : une mesure qui pourrait permettre de concilier les intérêts de l'agriculteur et du contribuable européens Abstract: Agricultural Education holds a special place in the French Educational System. Although there is still a high proportion of children from rural backgrounds in this branch (47% of farmers' and agricultural laborers' children) there are more and more students from no-rural extraction. This tendency can partially be explained by changes in the kind of training presently offered which take into account on the demand from the agricultural production sector, the para-agricultural sector but also the rural tertiary sector. This present research deals with the 1981-1982 registered BEPA upper-sexth formers. Our methodology is bared on a longitudinal analysis. This technique makes it possible to retrace the professional itenerary of the young students during the first 4 years following this training course. It also allous a broader approach to this problem in termes of further studies and acquisition of complementary qualification. Volume: 204 Number: 351686 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351686 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351686/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4211.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351686 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hermen, Jean-Louis Title: Itinéraires et réussite des BEPA (Brevet d'Enseignement Professionnel Agricole) Abstract: The new Common Agricultural Policy, which is announced, has a revolutionary character. It consists of a sharp reduction of supported prices, the present policy being replaced by a complex system of degressive aids, according to the cultivated area. Other aids are aimed to the protection of nature, to the survival of small family farms and to the reinforcement of the structural policy (enlargement of farms). The analysis of these proposals shows that the new policy would lead to a situation even farther from economic rationality than the present one, because of extensification of agriculture, acompanied by the preservation of a high number of farm people presentation of the problem of interregional competition in agriculture leads to the same conclusion. Finally, it should not be forgotten that the present objective of production limitation is likely to be questioned in the future. As for sugarbeet and sugar, recent studies on production costs confirm the superiority of France in this field. A policy of economic rationality would lead to an increase of the part of Franced in the European output. It would be harmful if anew policy results in the opposite situation Volume: 204 Number: 351687 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351687 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351687/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4212.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351687 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Où nous mènera la « révolution » de la PAC Abstract: With 13 000 post offices and 36 000 rounds of postmen, the Post constitutes, since a long time, one of the most present networks in rural areas, in spite of the demographic and sociological mutations which have forced her for forty years to make more than in the past, and following the example of other public and private services, the notions of economic profitability. Though today, the vote of the law of the 2 July 1990 admiting a larger autonomy in the Post, the accentuation of the demographic gap between "active" and "deserted" rural areas, the continuation of the departure in the countries of the other public services, have incited the rural Post to adapt better her politic to the needs of the rural clientele Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 204 Number: 351688 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351688 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351688/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4213.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351688 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pannetier, Gilles Title: La Poste rurale : un vecteur de vie dans les campagnes Abstract: The french 1966 « livestock act » is nothing more than a « sperm act ». This does not mean it is uninteresting from a political point of view. In order to upgrade the genetic potential of the french herd at the best international level, an efficient, scientific, centralized but nevertheless democratic system was devised, and replaced the former system which relied upon the good repute of a few prestigious bull owner. To be established, such a national genetic improving plant needed a liberal minister. Only a free trader was able to impose a law which, through the institution of regional breeding monopolies, was offending traditional vested interests. Twenty years latter, the harvest meets the hopes put in the seeds. The political lessons to be drawn from this experience are worth to be presented, even if genetics only is not sufficient to save livestock breeders, as they are under pressure from the old occidental system which is collapsing as a result of its own success. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 204 Number: 351689 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351689 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351689/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4214.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351689 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pluvinage, Jacques Title: Une loi d'exception : la loi sur l'élevage et son application Abstract: In today's context of the industrialization of the food trade, in other words the increasing role of marketing, the growth of mass retailing, the internationalization of demand, the food production chains are facing profound restructurations. In the poultry sector these restructurations have led to the creation of ten industrial groups which are involved at every level of food production and which are characterized by strategic project due to the new conditions of demand. Thus the conditions of competition have completely changed. They are more and more defined within two strategic groups separated by mobility barriers : industrial groups and traditional firms. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 204 Number: 351690 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351690 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351690/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4215.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351690 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sauvée, Loïc Title: Dynamique de la concurrence dans l'industrie avicole française Abstract: The level of technology employed by an individual farmer depends on his climatic, edaphic, genetic, human and economic resources. A synthetic way of describing the diversity of technological models used in the different regions is to represent technology by means of « engineering production functions ». The difficulty for the construction of those functions is to depend upon a scarce number of observations which do not represent the whole set of feasible choices. An interesting alternative is to use agricultural simulation models, which represent a technical production function in its original sense, with the purpose of establishing the input-output coefficients for the different combinations of production factors. Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 204 Number: 351691 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351691 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351691/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4216.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351691 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vicien, Carmen Title: Les modèles de simulation comme fonctions de production Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 204 Number: 351692 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351692 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351692/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4217.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351692 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mazoyer, Marcel Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Title: A propos de l'ouvrage de J. C. Kroll « Agriculture : changer de politique » Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 204 Number: 351693 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351693 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351693/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4219.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351693 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Réponse Volume: 204 Number: 351694 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351694 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351694/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4220.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351694 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Coudriau H. — L'exploitation agricole. Pilotages, tensions, complexités. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 204 Number: 351695 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351695 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351695/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4221_t1_0054_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351695 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Gavignaud Geneviève. — Les campagnes en France, tome I : au XIXe siècle, tome II : au XXe siècle Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 204 Number: 351696 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351696 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351696/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4221_t1_0055_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351696 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Megret Jean (dir.) — Droit de l'exploitation agricole Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 204 Number: 351697 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351697 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351697/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4221_t1_0056_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351697 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Nefussi Jacques. — Les industries agro-alimentaires Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 204 Number: 351698 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351698 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351698/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4221_t1_0058_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351698 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Poncet Christian. — Les arboriculteurs français et les marchés fruitiers Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 204 Number: 351699 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351699 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351699/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_204_1_4221_t1_0059_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351699 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Réquillart, Vincent Title: Avant-Propos - Remerciements Abstract: The EC has a significant impact on world agricultural markets because of its size. Protective CAP policies have tended to depress and destabilize world market prices. The empirical evidence reviewed suggests that these effects are significant, and that developing countries are affected, albeit not as much as developed ones. However, least developed food importing countries tend to be favoured by EC policies, especially since the EC has tended to compensate restrictive agricultural import policies with bilateral preferences. The nature of chronic and transitory food insecurity problem in developing countries is examined, and it is argued that consumption instability retards growth both of the very poor, as well as whole countries. It is argued that market based solutions do little to alleviate food insecurity, and that direct non-market approaches are preferable. It is suggested that a « food insurance fund » is instituted either unilaterally by the EC or in conjunction with other donors, as an effective means to improve worldwide food security. Keywords: Food Security and Poverty Volume: 205 Number: 351700 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351700 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351700/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_205_1_4222.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351700 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarris, Alexander Title: Agriculture européenne, marchés internationaux, croissance des PVD et sécurité alimentaire Abstract: In connection with tight interdependence between domestic agricultural policies and behavior of the world market and with the present round of GATT negotiations, agricultural economists are increasingly being asked to produce significant pieces of research. This paper analyzes the supply responses of our profession from three different angles. First, recent research efforts by agricultural economists are surveyed with regard of the following areas : 1) effects of liberalization ; 2) analyses of the roots and structure of agricultural protectionism ; 3) aggregate measures of support 4) reinstrumentation. Second, starting from the analytical dichotomy between free traders and pragmatists, recent developments of the international economics literature are surveyed, paying specific attention to the « new international economics » and to the domestic and systemic dimensions of the « political economy » approach. Finally, on the basis of these surveys, a triad of doctrinal positions - Hard free traders, Soft pragmatists, Committed pragmatists - are specified and research issues of high future priority identified. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 205 Number: 351701 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351701 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351701/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_205_1_4223.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351701 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: De Benedictis, Michele Author-Name: de Filippis, Fabrizio Author-Name: Salvatici, Luca Title: Entre Charybde et Scylla : la navigation des économistes agricoles entre le protectionnisme et le libre-échange Abstract: The use of agricultural raw materials for non-food purposes has been known since the beginning of history, but the combination of certain technical, economic and environmental factors may lead to a significant increases in non-food use in the near future. This paper examines the interaction of these factors and the impact of biotechnology in particular which enables the substitution of hydrocarbons. The main obstacle to expansion is the higher cost of products made from agricultural sources. However the private cost of oil may not reflect its social cost and conversely the cost of agriculturallyderived products may not reflect their social benefits. The paper makes a distinction between chemical uses for which legislation is already in place and energy uses for which it is not. The paper assesses whether the recent proposals of the European Commission to allow land set-aside to be used for nonfood purposes will be a sufficient incentive for expansion Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 205 Number: 351702 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351702 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351702/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_205_1_4224.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351702 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Spelman, Caroline Title: Une évaluation de l'importance des marchés non alimentaires pour les produits agricoles Abstract: Hungary's economy, including its agriculture is undergoing fundamental changes. However, the process is in its initial stages only and it is characteristic that the idea concerning the desired structures to be brought about in the end is almost uniform, while the methods to be adopted for the transformation, the relevant pace and the practical solutions to be used are still to be considered. So far as agriculture is concerned there is basically a general agreement that an ownership reform should be introduced and the organizational structure of production must also be changed. In this process a much greater scope should be provided for private farming of the family farm type. Obviously, the role of large-scale farms which are currently overwhelming in Hungary's agricultural structure will decrease. Small-scale farming has been present in Hungary's agriculture so far. Indeed, there was a period during which it seemed that with the optimum combination or symbiosis of small and large- scale farming all the current and future problems of agriculture could be solved. Later, however, it turned out to be an illusion. In fact a specific division of labour developed between small and large-scale farms. It brought significant results. Spectacular achievements were recorded in terms of the quantitative increase in agricultural production ; supply-dominated domestic food market was brought about parallel with substantial agricultural exports. However, the « Hungarian agricultural miracle » turned out to be short-lived, because the uniform system of farming co-operatives of too large dimensions has exhausted development resources and is no longer capable of providing for cooperation between large and small scale farms. The relations between them must be laid upon new qualitative foundations relying on mutual interests and equality ; they must be free of monopolies and no forced courses of progress can be imposed on them. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 205 Number: 351703 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351703 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351703/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_205_1_4225.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351703 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juhasz, Janos Title: Grandes et petites cultures dans l'agriculture hongroise : la situation aujourd'hui et les perspectives Abstract: This paper explores how economic policy instruments might contribute to reconciling agricultural and environmental policies, in accordance with the Polluter Pays Principle. It is suggested that this principle implies rewards for environmental improvements, as well as payments for environmental damage. It is argued that changes in property rights, and an ecological perspective on agricultural production, are essential to the elimination of the apparent inconsistency between ecological efficiency and economic efficiency. While the valuation of external effects is problematic, economic policy instruments are seen as having an important and increasing role in environmental management and as contributing to the integration of agricultural and environmental policies. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 205 Number: 351704 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351704 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351704/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_205_1_4226.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351704 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Conway, A.G. Title: Fonction des instruments économiques pour la réconciliation des politiques agricoles et environnementales suivant le principe pollueur-payeur Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 205 Number: 351705 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351705 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351705/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_205_1_4227.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351705 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Attonaty, J.-M. Author-Name: Clément, Jacques Author-Name: Soler, Louis-Georges Title: Avant-propos Volume: 206 Number: 351706 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351706 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351706/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4228.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351706 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berry, Michel Title: Comment concilier science et pratique Abstract: Nowadays, while management sciences are too often deprived of their connexions to reality, they are despised by many managers, who consider them useless. Nevertheless, cooperation possibilities do exist between theory and practice. In effect, their practical experiences do not prevent managers to be faced with large uncertainties : what will be the consequences of such or such innovation ? How can it be possible to cope with market volatility ? How to chaunel change into complex organizations ? Knowledge about such topics is in increasing demand. This opens field work opportunities for researchers. In this way, they can evoluate the relevance of their ideas. By observing new phenomena, they can discover fruitfull research avenues. Thus, theory and practice are bound to crossfertilize each other. But adapted researchers and practicians relation patterns are to be built for this purpose. Institutional support has to be secured for this kind of researches, which often upset long lived traditions in the scientific world. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 206 Number: 351707 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351707 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351707/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4230.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351707 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marchesnay, Michel Title: La PME : une gestion spécifique Abstract: The small and medium sized entreprise needs specific managerial criteria, taking account of the high level of diversity among those firms. That specificity results from the global character of the management system, needing to analyse together the goals, the environment, the organization and the activities, getting concepts connecting those poles. The specificity is also due the proéminent role of the entrepreneur. Many classifications exist. It is suggested to make a distinction between the entrepreneur focusing on a patrimonial logic, and the other one focusing on a flow logic. Volume: 206 Number: 351708 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351708 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351708/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4231.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351708 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tirel, Jean-Claude Title: Gestion de l'entreprise agricole : perspectives et nouveaux enjeux Abstract: The new trends of agricultural policy claim for a strenghtening of the farm management function. Declining prices and reduced gross margins enforce a re-appraisal of past production methods at technical unit level (plot or animal), but also at farm level (type of investment, labor management). As economical result becomes more uncertain, risk estimation becomes strategic. Supply control at individual level (quota, set aside of land, extensive farming) is a rather new approach of agricultural system management. To produce for market implies changes in the farmer's decision-making process. The situation of agricultural population offers good chances for enlarging the size of farms, but capitalintensive farming increases the difficulty of investment planning. Farmers have no longer landmarks, and research workers are not ready to supply new ones ! The advisory services cannot help each producer in any specific situation. So, it's necessary to give priority to education and training for farmers, and to give them good and comfortable tools for decision-making. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 206 Number: 351709 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351709 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351709/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4232.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351709 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanguy, Hervé Title: Modéliser la production : un point de départ pour rénover la planification et le contrôle d'une activité Abstract: Recent research in planning and cost management systems lead to a global reassessment of concepts generally used in management control. According to these new ideas, other planning tools enhancing other relationships inside the firm should be inplemented. Based upon an industry case, this paper propose a starting point : a new way to modelize the production process. Volume: 206 Number: 351710 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351710 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351710/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4234.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351710 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chia, Eduardo Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Marshall, Éric Title: Démarche clinique et décisions : une méthode de recherche en gestion Abstract: Agricultural management research has long been ruled by an approach that is both quantitative and exterior to the farm. Methods and tools, based on production theories, were conducive to the elaboration of production forecasts yielding maximum profit. The research presented hereafter is based on different economic thought developed by H. Simon on founded rationalities. This work is similar to that carried out in the industrial sector by management researched of the Ecole des Mines and the Ecole Polytechnique. The clinical methodology developed here is distinctive for the importance given to the party involved to his project and his way of thinking, and it is based above all on the physical and monetary flow experienced daily by farmers which presented here (cashflow forecasting) enables farmers to manage the funds of their farms by a simple method (usind their our terminology and may of thinking), it also enables researchers to study the causes and consequences of farming methods. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 206 Number: 351711 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351711 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351711/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4235.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351711 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Attonaty, J.-M. Author-Name: Soler, Louis-Georges Title: Des modèles d'aide à la décision pour de nouvelles relations de conseil en agriculture Abstract: Tools and practices for advices in the field of management need to change because of the evolution in the decision-making problems of the farmers. Decision-making models may be useful if they are designed in a new way. In this article, we try to identify some of new issues. We show that decision-making models, especially if they deal with complex problems, must be built to support leaning processes, helping the farmer in the analysis of his own management rules and behavior. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 206 Number: 351712 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351712 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351712/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4236.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351712 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lagrange, Louis Title: La mercatique est-elle applicable aux entreprises agricoles Abstract: Marketing is not used by French farms, because of the commercial department giving up in most of them. Nevertheless marketing is essential for ail farms, more numerous every day, which have a indépendant commercial process. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 206 Number: 351713 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351713 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351713/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4238.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351713 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Riollet, J. Title: Une nouvelle approche du diagnostic économique et financier pour les entreprises agricoles : l'approche par les flux financiers Abstract: In an economic environment which is harder and harder, a growing number of farms become fragile. The economic and financial diagnosis methods applied to such farms should be easier, safer and more turned toward future. The financial flows approach which is the result of studies conducted by a team of experts from IGER and « Centres de gestion » (management Centres), seems to be well adapted to these requirements. Therefore, it is likely that the « pluriannual table of financial flows », built up around some elementary and strong ideas, is to become very soon an implement of diagnosis and pilotage for farmers and their advisers. Keywords: Farm Management, Financial Economics Volume: 206 Number: 351714 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351714 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351714/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4239.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351714 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Pineau, Bénédicte Title: Les indicateurs de détection de la difficulté financière des exploitations en période d'installation Abstract: The topic of this paper is the choice of five accounting ratios for the financial analysis of farm run by young farmers who recieved public subsidies. For each ratio, two level of significance have been selected for the financial risk detection. A sample of 175 farms, 25 of them with default of payment, has been studied. The discriminant analysis has been used for the choice of financial ratios. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 206 Number: 351715 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351715 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351715/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4240.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351715 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeat, E. Author-Name: Lapierre, Olivier Title: Méthode pour le développement de systèmes experts de diagnostic technico-économiques des élevages Abstract: During the implementation of expert systems for evaluating the results of animal units, in order to make the knowledge acquisition easier, we have developed a diagnosis knowledge management methodology. Thank to this method, it is possible to represent all the factors taken into account to establish the diagnosis : the identification of all the factors of the studied system (i. e. a herd) ; for each rearing result sharp, the definition of situations (low level, right state, decrease, ...).A set of values is associated to each of these situations (< 25 ; < 30% ;. . .) ; the causes and explanations situations, for faiture situations. This method has been put into practice through a computer program that produce automatically the rulebase of the expert system. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 206 Number: 351716 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351716 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351716/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4242.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351716 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fenneteau, Hervé Title: Le diagnostic stratégique en PME : les leçons d'une étude de cas Abstract: Any strategy that may be suggested for implementation in a firm must be more than a catalogue of unconnected measures. A strategy can only be coherent and relevant if it really solves the major problems the firm is faced with. To discover those problems, the environment, the firm's resources and the goals of the company's leader must be analysed jointly. A synthesis of the results must then be made although it will not supply any of the traditional analytical techniques, all of which can only come up with partial solutions. The presentation of Aigoual (a firm which processes an agricultural raw material) and the case study stress the relevance of this holistic approach in any strategic diagnosis. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 206 Number: 351717 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351717 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351717/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4243.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351717 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chatelin, Marie-Hélène Author-Name: Poussin, Jean-Christophe Title: Diagnostic d'exploitation agricole : apport de la simulation Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present how simulation can help diagnosis and decision support activities in farms. A first way rests on model-based diagnosis principles : the comparison between results of a simulated behavior and reality. The question is to help the counselor to compare the results of a farm with most relevant data. A second way focuses on the cognitive dimension of decision-making processes. Simulation of the « decision-maker's behavior » is means to juge suitability between farmer's management way and farmer's expectations. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 206 Number: 351718 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351718 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351718/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4244.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351718 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allain, Sophie Author-Name: Sébillotte, Michel Title: Equipements et fonctionnement des exploitations agricoles : contribution pour une meilleure aide à la décision Abstract: We propose a new glance over the choice of farm-equipments that may improve decision aid in this field. We search to understand how the present fleet of machines has been building in arable farms, through using the concept of functioning of the farm system. We show that a functionalist approach of machines is inadequate and that it is necessary to consider a constructivist approach of the fleet of machines in the whole system and its evolution, through the study of decision Unkings. That leads us to lay stress on aid to problems formulation and aid to problems solving. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 206 Number: 351719 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351719 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351719/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4245.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351719 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicaud, Agnès Title: Quel bilan pour l'informatisation de nos campagnes Abstract: Ten years have gone by since computerisation was first introduced on farms and the question may be asked : « what progress and what success has been achieved ? ». The market does not have enough ressources to enable all the farm software companies to provide permanent high-quality services. One reason for this would seem to be a sort of psychological block on the part of farmers and their tendency to look for « self service » solutions. An analysis of computer use by farmers reveals that the motivation involved arises under three headings - the family, the individual and the line of production. Trying to cater for the diversity of expectations of farmers is an enourmous difficulty for the professional networks and this also explains, in large mesure, the slowgrouth in computerisation of farms. Keywords: Farm Management, Productivity Analysis Volume: 206 Number: 351720 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351720 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351720/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4247.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351720 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hemidy, Laurent Title: Instruments et pratiques de gestion des agriculteurs Abstract: With the help of new informatic technics, farmers can buy and use management tools, in their farm. In fact, the use of these tools is in connexion with the transformation of their management practices. What are their place and what kind of role they have ? We choose to adopt an approach based on an interactive research with a group of farmers. The analysis of the ways to use tools and their effects in term of management suggests that the appropriation process leads to a kind of vigilance economy for farmers, in the context of their farm system and according to their technical and economic environment. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 206 Number: 351721 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351721 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351721/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4248.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351721 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Jaegere, Antoine Title: Vers un contrôle de gestion stratégique : un exemple de mise en œuvre Abstract: Next to the classical management control, new approaches are now expanding : they are founded on a horizontal representation of the firm. Apart from the field of production management in which these new methods were very fruitful, few applications have been proposed. The aim of the article is to prove that such approaches can be implemented. A formal enterprise model is built for this purpose and a planning/control tool of management is constructed. In conclusion, it is proposed to generalize by the means of a formal frame which can underlye the implementation of these new methods. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 206 Number: 351722 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351722 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351722/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4249.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351722 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Couffin, C. Title: La dimension qualitative de la gestion ou la dimension qualitative des méthodes quantitatives Abstract: The qualitative dimension of management or the qualitative dimension of quantitative methods corresponds to what in decision making cannot be explained by the information given by a mathematical model. Indeed, linear or determinism can be found only in a theoretical firm. In the daily life of a firm, many non quantitative elements are included in the quantitative. That is why it is necessary to learn how to interpret information before turning it into a decision. Keywords: Farm Management, Productivity Analysis Volume: 206 Number: 351723 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351723 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351723/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4250.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351723 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Quelles recherches en gestion développer ? Quelles nouvelles collaborations entre les différents partenaires Keywords: Productivity Analysis, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 206 Number: 351724 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351724 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351724/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4252.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351724 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des auteurs publiés en 1991 Volume: 206 Number: 351725 Year: 1991 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351725 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351725/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4253.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351725 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boinon, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Goffette-Nagot, Florence Title: Stratégies foncières des agriculteurs dans quatre zones agricoles fragiles Abstract: The future of agriculture land : farmer's strategy for extension The study of the farmer's land strategy in four french areas where supply of land is high shows that farmers adjust their demand for extension to the supply. We cannot talk about fallow land development even if some factors of risk remain. The availability of labour is essential in the demand of land by farmers. The economic growth of farms requires the development of their area. There is a threshold of about 180 acres beyond which the farms do not increase : so, more supply of land does not result in the development of extensive farms but gives more liberty for the farmers in their research on optimal combination of their production factors. Keywords: Agribusiness, Farm Management Volume: 207 Number: 351726 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351726 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351726/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4426.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351726 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chehat, Foued Title: Déterminants et premiers effets de la réorganisation de l'agriculture algérienne Abstract: In 1963, the nationalization of the lands belonging to the colonizers has endowed the Algerian State with a broad agricultural public sector which has been subjected to manifold reorganizations. The State has continuously tempted to enlarge the area of its intervenings and to strengthen its ascendency overt the agrarian sector. This behaviour mainly induced a general recession of the outputs and a stagnation of the agricultural production. The 1987-88 reorganization, scheduled in the wave of the current reforms and aiming to are adjustment of the economical policies, should allow, inter alia, a withdrawal of the State. In the light of a first statement of affairs, it proves that today more than ever, the State finds itself in the core of social fights around and in connection with the land. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 207 Number: 351727 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351727 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351727/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4427.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351727 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Derozier, Géraldine Author-Name: Mamdy, Jean-François Title: Contribution des communes rurales à leur développement. Quels moyens ? Quelles conditions Abstract: In the less favoured rural areas, the local authorities are sometimes brought to play a leading part in the improvement of the développement in these areas. Furthermore, this part has been strengthened by the decentralization. Villages have not the same potential or opportunities to develop. However, when analysing those which are the most active, the result comes from a combination between the collective willingness of the people and the local leader dynamism. Beyond a minimum level, where nothing is possible on its own, the technicality and the cleverness of both, the leader and his team, lead to mobilization and creation of power and so allow some working edges which generate développement. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 207 Number: 351728 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351728 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351728/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4428.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351728 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seguineau, Gildas Author-Name: Fanfani, Roberto Author-Name: Gatti, Silvia Title: Productivité et compétitivité dans l'industrie agro-alimentaire italienne Abstract: During the last decade the Italian food industry has been characterized by a relative stability in terms of productivity and employment. The high performance is partly justified by the typical anti-cyclical charasteristics of the sector, which are bound to the stability of food consumption. Together whith the past, the agro-food sector has shown a quite innovative dynamic trend whithin itself, in connection whith an intense restructuring activity. The increase in production capacity has not been coupled with an increase in the overall plant size. Investments and innovative activities have been connected with a process of external development by means of acquisitions and merger. The dynamic features of the sector and its strategic importance whithin the Italian economy, have attracted foreign firms, thus anticipating the acievement of the Internal Market due by 1992. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Production Economics Volume: 207 Number: 351729 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351729 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351729/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4429.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351729 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de La Vaissiere, P. Title: Intérêts et limites de la comptabilité « Nouveau Plan Comptable 1987 » pour la gestion des entreprises agricoles Abstract: A large growth of accounting can be noted among french farms. The author examines the relevance for the farm management of new concepts and tools brought by the agricultural accounting plan of 1987. He points out the economic interest of some management intermediary remainders and criticizes the low legibility and the ambi- guousness of the balance sheet. The financing table shows the main choices of the financial management. Yet the accounting results are distorted, from an economic point of view, by legal and fiscal reasons : then some treatments again, outside the accounting, may be advised in order to bring out the economics results of the agricultural campaign. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 207 Number: 351730 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351730 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351730/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4430.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351730 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peyon, Jean-Pierre Title: Coopératives et syndicats agricoles dans l'Ouest. L'exemple de la Loire-Atlantique Abstract: More than elsewhere the farmers' organizations of Loire-Atlantique manifest the inconsistencies of the rural world in its relation with agricultural co-operatives, especially at the end of the sixties. After the 1968 ideological turmoil, the circle « Paysans Travailleurs » (Peasant-Workers) preaches an active contestation while the FDSEA (Departmental Federation of Farmers' Syndicates), which has broken with its national representative FNSEA, endeavours to be critical and attentive to the evolution of cooperation. The UDSEA (Departmental Union of Farmers' Syndicates) considers the co-operative enterprise as a useful economic tool ; however its solidaristic management should not be a handicap for efficient farmers. At last, farmers who sympathize with FFA (French Federation of Agriculture) contest its too collectivist organization. New farmers generations are less interested by basic values of co-operation : during the eighties, the economist and liberal ideology has taken the lead over the solidaristic and associationest vision. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 207 Number: 351731 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351731 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351731/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4431.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351731 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Savy, Hervé Title: Politique d'installation et élévation du niveau de formation des agriculteurs à compter de 1992 : quelques conséquences pour l'apprentissage et l'éducation des adultes Abstract: An important up-grading of the qualification required from young farmers asking for Government grants is planned from 1992 onwards. But some of them meet difficulties in getting the level which is presently required. This article first presents a quantitative measurement of the difficulties of the change of level for some future young farmers, and then some ways of finding solutions in order to allow this important qualification up-grading at the same time contributing to maintain an annual steady flow of new farmers. The effort will concern the basic education (french and mathematics), and the diversification of training frameworks. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 207 Number: 351732 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351732 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351732/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4432.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351732 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giraud-Héraud, Eric Author-Name: Réquillart, Vincent Title: Quelques réactions à propos de l'article de Joseph Klatzmann « Où nous mènera la révolution de la PAC ? », in Economie Rurale n° 204 Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 207 Number: 351733 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351733 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351733/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4434.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351733 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Jean-François Chosson. - Les générations du développement rural, préface de Bernard Kayser Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 207 Number: 351734 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351734 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351734/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4435_t1_0045_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351734 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Title: Claude Gnos. - L'ECU, instrument de la politique agricole commune Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 207 Number: 351735 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351735 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351735/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4435_t1_0046_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351735 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanc, Michel Title: Joseph Klatzmann. - Nourrir l'humanité, espoirs et inquiétudes Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 207 Number: 351736 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351736 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351736/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_207_1_4435_t1_0047_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351736 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bodiguel, Maryvonne Title: Préface Volume: 208-209 Number: 351737 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351737 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351737/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4436.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351737 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jollivet, Marcel Title: Agriculture et environnement : réflexions sociologiques Abstract: The environmental issue is becoming a major component of the social debate. However, the means of its integration and its exact position within that debate remain to be fully appreciated. By identifying its principal features, we should, nevertheless, be able to develop a set of central hypotheses. Using this framework, and by taking certain key questions into account, particularly those relevant to agriculture, we can describe in detail the situation in which French farmers may be involved, in a sociological sense, as environmental constraints develop. Our problem is to identify the right questions, rather than to begin to provide immediate answers. Keywords: Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351738 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351738 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351738/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4438.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351738 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Montgolfier, Jean de Title: Agriculture et environnement : offres et demandes Abstract: This paper aims at analysing what answers economical approach can give to questions about relations between agriculture and environment. The great features of a supply/demand analysis are discribed. It is stated that there are no, or very few, mecanisms for comparing supplies and demands relating to environnemtal qualities. Two principles from economical theory are presented : the polluter-paysprinciple and the intergenerational co-ownership principle. Two exemples are set : managing mediterrannean lands by modern unintensive sheep breeding, and nitrogen pollutions resulting from over-fertilization. Conclusions are about the necessity of research and développement of new techniques, and of implementing new social institutions to negociate about environmental qualities. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Agribusiness Volume: 208-209 Number: 351739 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351739 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351739/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4439.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351739 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Prestre, Philippe Title: La Banque mondiale et les ressources renouvelables : l'art du possible Abstract: The World Bank was the first international development agency to address the environmental impact of the projects it finances. Since 1987, it has been pursuing an ambitious policy and is playing an increasing role in the formulation and management of international environmental policy. Yet, despite undeniable progress, it also faces numerous obstacles such as inappropriate analytical techniques, organizational constraints, a multiplicity of often contradictory objectives, the suspicions and limited resources of borrowers, and a turbulent international system. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 208-209 Number: 351740 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351740 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351740/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4441.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351740 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruellan, Alain Title: Quels projets de développement dans le Tiers-monde pour une agriculture respectueuse de l'environnement Abstract: The environment that matters is the human kind's one. The agriculture must respect it. According to that there are two main pathways : the technical pathway ; among them everything dealing with the improvement of the soil fertility is fundamental. Relating to this problem is the people's misappreciation of the soil medium wich is urgent to cope with ; the sociocultural and political parthway ; among the latters is the essential question of the co-operation in the field of training. Presently the offered training opportunities keep the « fully qualified people « away from the farmers : it is a must to start again to put trust to the farmers. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 208-209 Number: 351741 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351741 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351741/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4442.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351741 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hénin, Stéphane Title: L'évolution de l'eau : facteur de production et de risques pour l'agriculture Abstract: Various functions are performed by water : biologic, hygienic, techniques and recreational. In dry periods, it is difficult to allocate water to needs. These must be reduced at theire minimum possible levels, while avaiding remaining or recycled waters being polluted. State intervention are aimed to avaid pollution, and to secure the best possible use of water resources. Keywords: Productivity Analysis, Risk and Uncertainty Volume: 208-209 Number: 351742 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351742 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351742/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4444.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chia, Eduardo Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Benoit, Marc Title: Recherche-action : qualité de l'eau et changements des pratiques agricoles Abstract: The creation of a linear program, paying particular attention to nitrates assessment as well as to nitrates leaching, according to type of soil, pluviometry, croping system and agricultural practices (first of all : organic manure management). The cost appears to be very high and rises sharply as the nitrates level reaches 10 mg/l. The model shows great sensitivity and allows for the calculation of cost per mg. It also shows the advantages of establishing croping systems and farming practices which release few effluents. Bearing in mind current knowledge and potential developments (compost, better nutrition for cows, technical itinerairies for clean or specified crops - rather than use the term organic - with a higher added value...), it seems possible to maintain and develop a highly efficient localised farming system able to control its effluents. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 208-209 Number: 351743 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351743 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351743/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4445.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351743 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suter, Henri Title: Les pratiques agricoles alternatives en Suisse. Bilan environnemental et économique Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351744 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351744 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351744/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4446.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351744 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cattan, Aline Author-Name: Mermet, Laurent Title: L'adoption par les agriculteurs de pratiques agricoles favorables à l'environnement : identification des facteurs de blocage Abstract: Through which channels, and in what form, are environmentally advisable farming practices actually presented to farmers ? Which factors tend to facilitate, or to impede, the adoption of such pratices ? This paper presents the first findings of an evaluation study conducted following a « dual inquiry » method, interviews being held jointly by an agro-economist, and a psycho-sociologist. The first case study, in Côte-d'Or (a département in Burgundy), has shown that the local policy is very cautious, and almost exclusively based on a technical approach of environmentally advisable practices. The reactions of farmers to the topic show the signs of strong social pressure, especially on the problem of nitrate pollution. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351745 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351745 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351745/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4447.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351745 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larrue, Corinne Title: Le comportement des agriculteurs face aux mesures de protection de l'eau Abstract: This paper first presents a survey of the water protection policy in the field of agriculture. It then presents the farmers practices in relation to water quality and the policy impact upon these practices. This paper is based on a research project conducted within 6 case studies, including cases of intensive farming (crops and cattle breeding), cases of traditional farming (crops and cattle breeding) and one case of vine growing. The results show that the overall agricultural practices are mainly pollutant and that the impact of the water protection policy is very low, i.e. regulatory instruments, as well as incitative ones. Nevertheless, our research shows that a diffusion process is already at work, which will need time to be perceptible at a large scale. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 208-209 Number: 351746 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351746 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351746/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4448.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351746 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Billaud, Jean-Paul Author-Name: Bruguière-Garde, Yves Title: L'homme, l'eau, le marais : quelques aspects d'une relation sociale dans une zone humide Abstract: When the relations between society and its « natural » environment as well as the conciliation between water purposes are a real present day problem, the marslands give a priviledged ground for a research about environmental restraints in the scope of a problematic of action. From the resumption and actualization of a 20 years old scientific undertaking on the Hiers-Brouage marshes (on the CharenteMaritime coast), the authors analyse through water the representation of their environment and the farmers' practices. The variety and complexity are restore, showing that the ecological talk exogenous of the rural society is not yet integrated in the environmental representations : to understand the relations between human and water it is best first to refer to his pratices. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351747 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351747 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351747/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4449.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351747 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tenière-Buchot, Pierre-Frédéric Title: L'agriculture face à la ressource en eau : comment gérer Abstract: During the last decades, economic pressure has led agriculture to a constant aim at increased productivity. This has brought about an excessive use of fertilizers, which have contributed to the degradation of surface and groundwaters. French Water Agencies are planning to apply their financial solidarity system to farmers, hoping that it will encourage them to reorganize their activity and those of their suppliers and advisers, providing an increase of their cashflow as well as a better preservation of water resources. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351748 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351748 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351748/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4451.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rieu, Thierry Author-Name: Arlot, Marie-Pierre Title: Le poids de l'agriculture dans la répartition et l'usage de l'eau Abstract: Development of individual irrigation in areas that were not much irrigated before is the main cause for the recent increase of water requirements for agricultural purposes. Sometimes, this entails competition for the use of water and harmful consequences for the environnement. Moreover, irrigation requires costly investments. However, the development of irrigation shows it is the answer chosen by farmers and the community to face the economic difficulties of the agriculture. Coming up to the water demand and protecting the environnement requires water savings, adequate planning and local management of water ressources. In fact, the large variety of encountered situations makes it impossible to end up with a general and uniform statement about the irrigation opportunity. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351749 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351749 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351749/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4452.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351749 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lavoux, Thierry Author-Name: Baldock, David Title: L'application du principe pollueur-payeur en agriculture Abstract: Agricultural pollution and contamination of surface and underground water by pesticides and nitrates has led some countries to question the way in which the polluter pays principle (PPP) can be applied to agriculture. This article deals with experiments undertaken to date in OECD countries. With the exception of the Austrian tax on nitrates, the rates used remain too low to represent an incentive to alternative production methods. There are several reasons for this including the danger of reducing competition in agriculture for one country by fixing a tax which farmers from another State would not accept. In the long run, economic instruments (taxes, charges and subsidies) at EC level will have to be harmonised in order to reach an higher level of equity. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351750 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351750 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351750/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4453.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351750 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guttinger, Philippe Title: Le statut juridique de l'eau souterraine Abstract: In France, underground water traditionnaly belongs to the owner of the ground, which is neither in keeping with scientific knowledge nor with the needs of society. Yet, no precise evaluation of the advantages of the various legal approaches has been completed and the bill, brought before the Parliament in may 1991, merely improve the means of intervention of the administration to manage the water resources as best as possible. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351751 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351751 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351751/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4454.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351751 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Griffon, Michel Title: Economie institutionnelle et gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables Abstract: The analysis of the nature of goods' property (public, private, common pool) applied to renewable natural resources in Africa and the concept of transaction costs allow a better understanding of traditional institutions and management rules of forests, fisheries, irrigation, pastures and agricultural lands. The increasing density of the rural population and the pressure on ecosystems imply changes in production techniques and institutional adjustments. This paper explores some of the issues related to those evolutions. State decentralisation appears necessary and institutional economics concepts useful for the evaluation of environment projects. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351752 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351752 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351752/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4455.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351752 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charrier, André Author-Name: Chauvet, Michel Title: Le maintien de la diversité : controverses et politiques actuelles Abstract: We have reported the main controversal topics in the field of the biodiversity emerging from international conferences held under the auspices of FAO, UNEP, EEC and the Council of Europe since 1990. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351753 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351753 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351753/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4457.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351753 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lefeuvre, Jean-Claude Title: Biodiversité et territoires agricoles Abstract: The concept of biodiversity covers specific diversity as well as genetic diversity or diversity of ecosystems. Since the beginning of the 20th century, man's activities have resulted in decreasing planet biodiversity. The arguments favoring preservation of biodiversity are many : philosophic, ethic, scientific and economic. Are agricultural activities compatible with the maintenance of biodiversity ? The ties between the two are complex. In certain cases, development of agricultural areas can actually tead to reinforcement of biodiversity. Maintaining biodiversity (the gage of a well functionning biosphere) is not incompatible with the development of performant agriculture ; but the latter must integrate progress made in the fields of biological pest control, genetics and wise fertilization. Moreover, the areas must be organized and managed in view of advances in landscape ecology, which have brought light to the importance of ecological networks and interactions between agriculturally productive areas and areas considered to form « species reservoirs ». Keywords: Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351754 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351754 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351754/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4458.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351754 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hermitte, Marie-Angèle Title: La circulation des ressources génétiques végétales Abstract: What is to be done to regulate the circulation of plant-breeding in the world ? A first model had been based on the free access to all genetic resources, either wild or ancient or contained in an improved variety. A second model is being set up, in which every genetic resource will be appropriated either on the ground of patents right or on the base of national sovereignty Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351755 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351755 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351755/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4459.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351755 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Riba, Guy Title: La dissémination d'organismes dans l'environnement Abstract: Release of organisms into the environment concerns two main strategies. The aclimatization consists in the introduction of few individuals which will be able to maintain the target population under an economic threshold during several generations. A biological treatment is the release of many individuals which will induce an immediate but not persistent break in the target population. To respect the environment the agronomic utilization of biological aspects must take care of host specificity, potential for genetic transfers and probability to induce host resistant populations. Because of those risks reglementary rules have been established in order to protect environment, users, industrials and citizens. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351756 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351756 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351756/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4460.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351756 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sébillotte, Michel Title: Pratiques agricoles et diversité végétale Abstract: The functions of plant diversity are examined from an agronomist's point of view. Species and varieties perform different functions in production process, as well as in the cropping system than in the functionning of the farm system. It is paid particular attention to the interest of varieties. Varied ways of improvement for the future are described in relation to concerns of: quality of the products, extensive cropping and respect of the environnement. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 208-209 Number: 351757 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351757 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351757/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4461.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351757 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pelosse, Valentin Title: (Ré)introductions d'espèces et agriculture : de l'anthropisation à l'artificialisation Abstract: The distinction between « introduction » and « reintroduction » of an animal species in a given area is not always easy. The opinion voiced by local people does not always match that of scientific experts and protectors. In practice one can notice that the « natural » biotope of a species is largely anthropized, chiefly through traditional agropastoral practices. When the latter have disappeared and if it is impossible to recreate them, it becomes necessary to reestablish the biotope of a species through various artificial means, in order to recreate the conditions of natural environment where the animal is to live. But the (re)introduction practices cannot be limited to a mere technical and economical finalized instrumentalization. It then becomes indispensable to consider the creation of an animal as a symbolic subject. From this point of view the author emphasizes the notion of bestiary. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351758 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351758 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351758/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4462.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351758 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Auzet, Anne-Véronique Author-Name: Guerrini, Marie-Claude Author-Name: Muxart, Tatiana Title: L'agriculture et l'érosion des sols : importance en France de l'érosion liée aux pratiques agricoles Abstract: In France, soil erosion on agricultural land occurs in regions with steep slopes as well as on fairly flat regions, like in Paris Basin. Ecological and socio-economical consequences are the soil loss, water pollution due to suspended sediments and chemicals associated, muddy floods in valley bottoms ; many of these valley bottoms were recently urbanized. The authors stress the need to a management of the renewable resources, based on the way the landscapes works. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 208-209 Number: 351759 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351759 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351759/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4464.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351759 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tirel, Jean-Claude Title: Utilisation de l'espace et systèmes de production Abstract: Each farmer decides what type of farming system will be suitable, according to his own targets and constraints, but this choice largely depends on comparative scarcity of inputs as land, labor, and capital. The economic growth modified the ratios between this different inputs. In agriculture the productivity of land grew less important than the labor's one. But the ratio between land and labor yet presents large differences among countries, regions and types of farms. The major point of CAP'S revision lies on supply control in such a way to avoid a drastic reduction of agricultural area. So it's necessary to find sustainable farming systems which would be able to use more land, but less capital and/or labor per acre. Enlargement of farm's size is an opportunity, but financial grants will be necessary and a special effort has to be made to move research work towards new targets. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 208-209 Number: 351760 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351760 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351760/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4465.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351760 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sébillotte, Michel Title: Pratiques agricoles et fertilité du milieu Abstract: The concept of cropping system is the analysis tool of crop practices for modern agronomist. But, to be able to talk about environment fertility, it is necessary to refer to potentialities and to the technological means which are used. There is not a fertility in itself but in reference to practised cropping systems in a given environment. Through combining crop practices in time and space, farmer's fertility management is dynamic. But new points of view are crucial, on the one hand because of the emergence of bad induced effects (pollution...), on the other hand because requirements about productions quality become widespread. The result is that fertility management answer more and more to constraints external to the farm. It is a very new situation. Keywords: Farm Management, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351761 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351761 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351761/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4466.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351761 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raymond, Georges Title: Gestion de la fertilité des sols et production cotonnière dans le Sud-Tchad Abstract: The change from shifting to sedentary cultivation is a strong trend in agriculture in the cotton belt in West and Central Africa. A method is proposed for estimating the cost of exhaustion of the soil in relation to the cost of fertilizer. Application of the methodology to the case of Southern Chad shows that in fact one third of the gross margin per hectare is from the exhaustion of the soil ! Keywords: Farm Management, Production Economics Volume: 208-209 Number: 351762 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351762 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351762/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4467.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351762 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmitt, Thierry Title: Gestion de l'environnement, taxe sur le foncier non bâti et modes de faire-valoir Abstract: Taxation is used in France as an instrument of modernisation of the landed property. This model has been established during the XVIIIth century with, in particular, the land tax. This is based on the « valeur cadastrale », in other words the ground rent ; it saves the productive equipment and resources used by the farmer. The land tax sets the general problem of distinction between farming and ground property. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management Volume: 208-209 Number: 351763 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351763 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351763/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4469.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351763 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainsant, Bernard Title: L'article 19 : son application en France Volume: 208-209 Number: 351764 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351764 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351764/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4470.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351764 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Billaud, Jean-Paul Title: L'article 19 : une gestion agricole au nom de l'environnement Abstract: There is a general agreement to consider that the application in France of Article 19 is an essential step in the uneasy relations between agriculture and the environment. Analysing its implementation in one of the pilot-areas : the Rochefort Marsh - enables us to understand why the local agricultural authorities have been keen on adopting it in spite of the national reserves. Because they hope to maintain control over the procedure and to get rid of its eventual innovative nature, the professional agricultural organizations want to use it as a means to restrict the environmental pressure in order to save the intensification choice through local négociation. Doing this, they invite the other rural actors to criticize them : we already witness the recomposition of rurality put to the question of environmental issues. Keywords: Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351765 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351765 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351765/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4471.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351765 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masson, Philippe Author-Name: Rochon, Jean-Jacques Title: Contribution des systèmes d'élevage à la protection et la mise en valeur des forêts de chêne-liège des Pyrénées-Orientales Abstract: The analysis of experiments in the control of undergrowth in neglegted cork oak forests using goats, sheep and cattle, demonstrates the existence of technical and economics solutions able to reconcile livestock production with the redevelopment of cork oak forest. However, the complexity of these realizations limits their number despite the availability of financial aids and grants. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351766 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351766 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351766/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4472.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351766 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vermersch, Dominique Title: Internalisation efficiente et « agriculture durable Abstract: Described through a cost-benefit analysis, this article shows how the concern for harmonization between agriculture and environment leads to the standard pitfalls of welfare economics. As an illustration, we try to take into account the sustainability constraint to gain efficiency in the internalization of all agricultural external effects. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management Volume: 208-209 Number: 351767 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351767 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351767/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4473.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351767 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Nicole Mathieu et Marcel Jollivet (sous la direction de). - Du rural à l'environnement. La question de la nature aujourd'hui Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 208-209 Number: 351768 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351768 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351768/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4901.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351768 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anania, Giovani Author-Name: Bohman, Mary Author-Name: Carter, Colin Title: Analyse des conséquences du programme d'encouragement à l'exportation (EEP) des Etats-Unis sur le marché mondial du blé Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of the U.S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP) on volumes traded and prices in the world wheat market. EEP uses targeted in-kind subsidies to expand U.S. exports and was specifically designed to compete with subsidized exports from the B.C. A theoretical model is developed to analyze the effects of targeted, in-kind and volume constrained export subsidies. A spatial equilibrium model is used to show the expected changes in prices and exports caused by EEP The in-kind nature of the subsidy and the constraint on the volume of exports result in lower prices in all markets. U.S. market share increases, while B.C. exports remain constant as export restitution payments increase. Other competing exporters lose as a result of EEP. Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 210 Number: 351769 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351769 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351769/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_210_1_4475.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351769 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bages, Robert Title: Pratiques de l'informatique chez les agriculteurs et degrés d'appropriation. Une enquête dans la région Midi-Pyrénées Abstract: These study analyses the process of adopting and using computer technology among farmers in the South West of France. The diffusion of computer technology is an important issue. It depends of institutional actors but it is also supported by traditional local groups for mutual-aid and cooperation. Some new social networks appear and increase social différenciation among farmers... The research project have received a grant from the CNRS- PIRTTEM and from Region Midi-Pyrénées Council. Keywords: Farm Management, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 210 Number: 351770 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351770 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351770/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_210_1_4476.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351770 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Araujo Bonjean, Catherine Title: Instabilité des marchés agricoles et stratégies paysannes au Niger Abstract: This paper points out the rationality of farmers choices in Niger. Production variability, induced by climate, generates an income variability which is not compensated by fluctuations in prices. Markets structure explains why prices don't act as insurance but at the opposite as an additional source of income instability. In that context, producteurs select their farm plan so as to secure a minimum level of income. This quest for security imply a loss of productivity and lead to autarky, whereas, farmers who are not risk averse are more market oriented. We can then deduct actions of economic policy to promote development. Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty Volume: 210 Number: 351771 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351771 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351771/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_210_1_4477.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351771 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Hairy, Denis Author-Name: Schmitt, Bertrand Title: Compétitivités relatives de la production laitière dans la CEE. Evolution récente Abstract: On the first part, the paper shows the stability of milk location and farming systems in Europe. After we examine the competitiveness problems (and theirs evolutions between 1984 and 1986), according to the RICA data, with two points of view : the competitiveness by costs, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the income inequalities. Three countries have a good position for the production costs, with very different inputs combinaisons : United Kingdom, Ireland and Belgium. The hierarchy of costscompetitiveness is not modified between 1984 and 1986. However the structure of costs is modified : the decrease of variable costs, notably the purchased feedstuff s, balances the increase of structure costs. Between 1984 and 1986, the incomes have a positive evolution, by the compound play of costs, prices and sizes. Finaly the dairy quotas did not indude a « homogeneity » of economic conditions of milk production in Europe. The diversity of prices, costs and incomes persists. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 210 Number: 351772 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351772 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351772/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_210_1_4478.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351772 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Codron, Jean-Marie Author-Name: Rio, Patrick Title: Croissance et financement des serristes en Loire-Atlantique Abstract: The region of Loire-Atlantique has a long tradition in vegetable growing. It has built one of the largest areas of glasshouses of the northern half of France. As most of the septentrional european regions, its growth was strongly slowed by the two oil crisis but has been starting again for the past five years. The reason for it is not only the sharp decrease of the oil prices : the reactions to such a decrease are very different from a region of production to another. It's also the way choosed locally to negotiate the crisis. That's one of the main results of a study, held in the region of Loire-Atlantique which consisted in restoring the financial stories of about 200 farms (i.e. almost all the glasshouse vegetable growers of this region) in order to identify the strategies of investment and find out the elements that have been decisive in facing the crisis. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 210 Number: 351773 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351773 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351773/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_210_1_4479.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351773 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Couret, Frédéric Author-Name: Del'Homme, Bernard Author-Name: Pailler, Jean Title: L'agriculture et l'économie Tchéco-Slovaques : réalité du changement ou changement de réalité Abstract: The Czechoslovakien agriculture is an efficient sector of the economy, as regards production ; means and techniques used are comparable to ours. However, the size of structures involved and the weight of the laborforce differ considerably. The farm is also the basis of the organization of the rural social fabric, and production represents only one of the functions carried out by the farming structure. Thus, evaluation of economic performance in the agricultural field, which is difficult when done with poorlyadapted indices, is different from clichés usually formulised in judging a command economy. Nevertheless, the political changes which have been undertaken can only call this organization into question. Based on idealistic vision of the market economy, driven by the will to break with the socialist period, the « velvet revolution* still carries many uncertainties. Can agriculture turn out to be stronger for this change ? Nothing is less certain ... Keywords: International Development Volume: 210 Number: 351774 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351774 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351774/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_210_1_4480.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351774 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicourt, Christian Title: Contribution à l'étude du temps de travail. Cohérence et durée dans le travail des agricultrices Abstract: In agriculture, time work is not so well defined. It appears first in confusion with others times : domestic, per- sonnal... But, it's precisely this whole, its complementarities and coherences, which offer an original interest. Time, if it's constraint, leads to various purposes. Farm women, for exemple, in working in domestic space are often produicing for the farm. At least, they do a « forced time ». Therefore, links and coherence between their home and professionnal activities, and the potentialities it leads in matter of productivity, asked to account farmers time work. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Farm Management Volume: 210 Number: 351775 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351775 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351775/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_210_1_4481.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351775 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larrère, Catherine Title: Ferdinando Galiani. - Dialogues sur le commerce des blés (1770). Réédition, « Corpus des oeuvres de philosophie en langue française Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 210 Number: 351776 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351776 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351776/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_210_1_4482.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351776 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquet, Florence Author-Name: Boisson, Jean-Marie Title: Avant-Propos Volume: 211 Number: 351777 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351777 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351777/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4483.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351777 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Burrell, Alison Margaret Title: Le contexte historique et politique de la réforme de la PAC Abstract: This article presents a short summary of the main developments relevant to CAP reform during the last 25 years. The basic principles of the MacSharry Plan, launched at the beginning of 1991, are summarised, together with the reactions of Member States. A brief comparison of the initial reform plan with the final agreement reached at the end of May 1992 prompts a preliminary evaluation of the agreement in terms of general historic and political considerations. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 211 Number: 351778 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351778 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351778/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4485.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351778 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loyat, Jacques Title: La réforme de la politique communautaire : une évaluation par le modèle ECAM Abstract: The CAP Mac Sharry reform is simulated through the European Community Agricultural Model (ECAM). This reform would radically change the actual trends on cereals : supply decrease thanks to the set-aside ; feed demand increase due to lower internal prices and livestock production growth. Without complementary measures, the disequilibrium between supply and demand would frow in the bovine sector. There would be a global welfare gain due to market price reductions, in spite of farm income reductions and budgetary costs increase. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 211 Number: 351779 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351779 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351779/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4486.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guyomard, Hervé Author-Name: Mahé, Louis-Pascal Title: Le projet Mac Sharry : facteurs de sensibilité du débouché céréalier communautaire Abstract: This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the Me Sharry CAP reform proposal issued by the EC Commission in July 1991. Grain exports would be drastically reduced, feed demand for grains increase substantially, real incomes per head slightly decrease, but budget costs increase. The sensitivy of the increase in feed grain demand to various parameters is then emphasized, particularly to the magnitude of the price cut and to the taxation of imports of protein cakes and substitutes. Overall, the July 1991 proposal does not appear as a revolution but is certainly a large step in the right direction. Furthermore, it improves the EC negotiating position in the Urugay Round. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 211 Number: 351780 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351780 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351780/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4487.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351780 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sturgess, Ian Title: La réforme de la PAC : le débat britannique Abstract: The attitudes of several British interest groups to the reform of the CAP are briefly described. These are partly as shown by their parliamentary submissions. British economists support a lowering of support prices and their better linkage with world prices to gain better the great advantages of free trade. This is in part the view of the government but it supports the set-aside of land, provided the burden is equally shared among member countries. Above all the government seeks to lower the exchequer cost of the CAP and to ensure that it does not disadvantage the UK. Thus like all the other groups it opposes modulation. Producers are now coming to accept that the CAP must change but deplore the continuing uncertainty about how it will do so. Their unions prefer supply control to the MacSharry proposals. Environmental groups in the main support neither a policy slanted toward family farms nor land withdrawal. Processing and marketing industries favour free trade but not very forcefully because some profit from the CAP. Upstream industries support the existing CAP more strongly especially insofar as it stimulates production and the intensive use of inputs. The interest groups are most united with respect to the MacSharry proposals in their opposition to modulation and the use of the CAP to maintain the existing agricultural population. Keywords: Political Economy Volume: 211 Number: 351781 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351781 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351781/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4488.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351781 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: La politique agricole en question : quelle alternative au soutien des prix Abstract: The support price policy has been intituted during an intensive economic grooth period. It has lost to day his economical and political legitimity and the short term adaptation of the C.A.P. appears claerly insufficient. Several alternatives are analysed in this paper like a generalization of quotas, last propositions of the E.E.C. Commission, or ceiled supports by worker. Then it appears that the main problem is not a technical problem but the question of the economic interest of low food prices, and the discussion of the economic grooth regulation system. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 211 Number: 351782 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351782 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351782/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4490.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351782 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Title: PAC et zones défavorisées : bilan et perspectives Abstract: This notice draws up the balance-sheet of EEC action on montain and disadvantaged zones, and analyses the problems set by the agricultural policy in these areas. It shows the variety of application of EEC 1975 rule, and the disparity of its results on différents nations. The compensatory indemnities allow to reduce disparities of agriculture income between less favoured and normal areas about 7 points in the EEC. But it tends to increase disparities of incomes between less favoured areas because large farms of northern States are more assisted. The CAP reform might have contradictory effects on less favoured areas. Some proposals (falling of prices, quota of sheep allowances, cessation of activity, afforestation of agricultural land) tended to accelerate the restructuration of farms and the land abandonned by farmers, while other proposals (agri-environnemental) may contribute to slow down these phenomenons. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 211 Number: 351783 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351783 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351783/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4491.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351783 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Politique agricole, politique alimentaire, politique agro-alimentaire Abstract: This article defines three fields of analysis : one agricultural, one alimentary and one agro alimentary. Alimentary policy is more specially viewed under two of its aspects : consommers purchasing power policy ans direct help to alimentary consumption policy. Europe certainly has an agricultural policy but not a real alimentary policy. The new Common Agricultural Policy insist on the management of the offer, but the management of the demand do not seem to have received the merited attention. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 211 Number: 351784 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351784 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351784/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4492.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351784 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lauret, Frédéric Title: L'agriculture méditerranéenne française et l'évolution de la politique agricole commune Abstract: For two centuries, trench mediterranean agriculture (AMF) became more and more specialized in crops which take advantage of its mediterranean climate ; wines and horticultural products make up todays 80 % of production value. For ten years, the enlargment of competition, in spite of technical progress, led to a crisis which starts again the fall of farms number and croped areas. The changes of market organizations in CAP reform don't affect directly mediterranean products but the conditions of single market making, the level of community preference, the agri-environmental and forestry measures are important for AMF. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 211 Number: 351785 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351785 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351785/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4495.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351785 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tarditi, Secondo Title: La politique agricole commune et les régions méditerranéennes : un point de vue italien Abstract: In Italy, as well as in other Mediterranean countries of the EC, average labour productivity in agriculture is very low often due to insufficient farm size. This inefficient production structure is a consequence of the traditional agricultural policy aiming all keeping a large number of people in the agricultural sector. Special support to small, inefficient farms contributed to keep a production structure permanently in need of public aid. By substantially reducing product price support, the CAP reform could allow the implementation of an efficient structural policy by increasing the intersectoral mobility of resources and favouring domestic and international economic development. In order to reach this objective, the modalities by which the reduction in farm income is compensated become of strategic importance : if compensation is computed every year and only on part of the farmed area, administrative costs and opportunities for fraud will be very high while structural adjustment will be hindered. On the other side, if compensation is computed only once for a pre-defined number of years and paid through bonds salable on the financial markets, administrative costs and frauds will be much lower and farmers would be provided with a means to increase their farm size or to invest in other non farm activities, favouring in such a way a larger occupational flexibility and both agricultural and non-agricultural economic development. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade Volume: 211 Number: 351786 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351786 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351786/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4496.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351786 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cena Delgado, Felisa Title: Effets possibles de la nouvelle PAC sur l'agriculture espagnole Abstract: Last July 1991, the EC Commission has approved a reform of the agricultural sector which is going to commit the sector to a profound adjustment. All membres countries, including Spain, are compelled to implement the new measures. However, not all countries are placed themselves on the same point of departure to carry out such changes successfully. As Spain possess some structural and climatic factors adversely affecting the competitiveness of its farmers, the required adjustment of Spanish agriculture it is bound to pose more problems than those to be faced by countries like Germany, France and U. Kingdom, unless the final draft of the approved Reform allows for such differences among countries. This paper deals with some likely effects of implementing the above mentioned Reform to Spanish agriculture. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade Volume: 211 Number: 351787 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351787 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351787/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4497.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351787 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bessaoud, Omar Title: L'agriculture algérienne entre la politique d'ajustement structurel et la réforme des politiques agricoles mondiales Abstract: The agricultural structural adjustment program implemented in Algeria since the late eighteen is in fact a mere reform of the agricultural structures, of prices system, of the agricultural credit and of the agricultural administration organization. The application of this program leads to a restructuration of the land to the benefit of the farmers best integrated into the market rules ans advantages the extensive production system. Otherwise, agrarian reforms in the North aiming at decreasing production and to increase related prices on world markets are harmful for importing countries such as Algeria. Futhermore, agrarian reforms adopted in the North and ajust- ment programs used in Southern countries seems to be characterised by a ceiling logic of agricultural and food basic productions, detrimental to any significant improvement of food security. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development Volume: 211 Number: 351788 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351788 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351788/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4499.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351788 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boughzala, Mongi Author-Name: Elloumi, Mohamed Title: Libéralisation de la politique agricole en Tunisie et la réforme de la PAC Abstract: Although Tunisia has chosen to liberalize its economy, it is not obvious yet to what extent this should be done regarding agriculture. Should it continue to protect its production because of trade barriers existing abroad or should it eliminate trade restrictions anyhow and try to benefit from its comparative advantages. Using a linear programming model integrating risk with respect to farmers behavior, we show that it is not in Tunisia's interest, in the present world situation, to fully liberalize trade for its agricultural products. However, if the main world producers do liberalize their own agriculture, then Tunisia would certainly benefit from doing so too. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 211 Number: 351789 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351789 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351789/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_211_1_4500.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351789 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Annonce de la session de printemps 1993 Volume: 212 Number: 351790 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351790 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351790/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_212_1_4501.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351790 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonelli, Gervasio Author-Name: Raimondo, Laura Title: Quelques-unes des contributions les plus récentes au débat théorique sur l'économie du développement Abstract: Analysis of the more important scientific contributions of the Nineteen-eighties reveals that, contrary to what is affirmed in various quarters, development theory is in an intellectually flourishing state. The subjects of development and the instruments for attaining it are being reconsidered in a serious and rational manner. Through analysis of the theoretical positions of the last decade, the article discusses the main themes and the normative solutions that economic theory offers for overcoming the persisting gap in development between rich and poor countries. The coherence and the positive and normative aspects of theoritical models are analyzed. These range from critisimi of orthodox development theory to the structuralist approach, from the Keynesian heritage to theories of the neo-classical counterrevolution, from evolutions of the Marxist approach to the latest contributions of the "eclectic school". The more recent contributions relating to theories of impertect information and to those of "rationalchoice Marxists" raise the possibility of finding, even if only partially, a solution for the inadequacy of tradditional paradigms concerning 'lailures" of the market and of the State. No attempt is made to offer a "general theory" but instead, through fragmented models, to acquire a broader capacity for interpreting the highly differentiated reality of developing countries. Keywords: International Development Volume: 212 Number: 351791 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351791 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351791/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_212_1_4502.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351791 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernard, Cécile Title: La production de fraise à Huelva : les avantages de la filière espagnole sur le marché européen Abstract: The analysis compared to strawberry networks in Huelva and in Aquitaine allow to evaluate the comparative advantages of Huelva. After the first step of cost-advantages, during which the growth is based upon the rise of production and exportation, the firms are obliged to lead new strategies : vertical integration and partnership in Spain, cooperation between different steps of the sector in France. Competition is now situated in différenciation of the product and segmentation of the market. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade Volume: 212 Number: 351792 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351792 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351792/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_212_1_4503.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351792 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beuret, Sylvie Author-Name: Beuret, Jean-Eudes Title: La problématique de l'épargne dans l'économie paysanne : cas du canton de Tomina, Bolivie Abstract: In the area studied, the peasants constitute a stock of animals as their reserve of savings ; therefore the number of animals rather than their productivity, is important. The overuse of pasture land which results, necessitates the suggestion of alternative forms of saving. The existing forms of saving respond to the very varied technical, economic and social needs of the peasants. Sheep and goats, just like saving money and stocking products, contribute to the reproduction of the production system, while the cattle are used as an "insurance policy", "pension fund", and as a reserve to finance future investments. The study of the way ressouces, distributed between reproduction, accumulation and regulation, permits an understanding of the management of saving in the system. Apart from demonstrating the importance of savings for the reproduction of the farm and for the accumulation, this study orientates the search for alternatives to savings in the form of animals. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics, International Development Volume: 212 Number: 351793 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351793 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351793/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_212_1_4504.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351793 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gouin, Daniel-Mercier Author-Name: Morisset, Michel Title: Le marché des quotas laitiers au Québec : la recherche de la concurrence parfaite Abstract: By this work, the authors will attempt to demonstrate that, following various crises in the dairy industry and growing internal contradictions within the quota transfer system, regulations regarding quota transfers between producers have progressed, offering better conditions for a perfect competition for access to production quotas. Apart from one case, the different quota transfer systems that have succeeded one another have furthered the process of concentration-elimination in the production sector. Producers are thus in direct competition one with another to obtain the right to grow, and it is mainly this logic of a perfectly competitive market - that of the quota, not the product - that determines the rate of structural evolution of the production sector. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 212 Number: 351794 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351794 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351794/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_212_1_4505.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351794 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Brun, André Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Title: La XXIè conférence de l'Association Internationale des Economistes Agricoles (AIEA) (Compte-rendu de mission) (Compte-rendu de mission, Tokyo 22-29 août 1991) Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 212 Number: 351795 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351795 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351795/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_212_1_4506.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351795 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: Contre-expertise du paysage agricole français Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 212 Number: 351796 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351796 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351796/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_212_1_4508.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351796 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Castellan, Louis Title: Economie de la vigne et du vin (1991). - Actes du symposium international de Kecskemet, Hongrie (25 au 29 juin 1990) Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 212 Number: 351797 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351797 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351797/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_212_1_4509_t1_0041_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351797 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azcarate, G. Title: Gloria De La Fuente Blanco (1991). - Las organizaciones agrarias espanoles. Instituto de Estudios Economicos Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 212 Number: 351798 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351798 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351798/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_212_1_4509_t1_0043_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351798 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des auteurs 1992 et remerciements Volume: 212 Number: 351799 Year: 1992 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351799 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351799/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_212_1_4510.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351799 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Basler, A. Title: Relance de la recherche agro-économique en Afrique. Stratégie à poursuivre et rôle de la coopération Abstract: The structure and working procedure of NARS in Africa countries are in a critical situation. Economic research on agriculture, rural areas and food systems, and thus information flows, are particularly affected. Strengthening NARS in Africa is a highly important task. Promotion of NARS should start by defining priorities for agricultural research. Based on these priorities a concrete medium-term working programme determining research fields, main topics and funding has to be elaborated. The programme should and must be the starting point for defining cooperation fields and procedures in a regional context (research networks), with International Centres and with donor community. Keywords: International Development, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 213 Number: 351800 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351800 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351800/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4511.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351800 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Detang-Dessendre, Cécile Title: Les facteurs de différenciations inter et intra régionales de la production laitière en 1984 et 1988 : intérêt des fonctions de production régionalisées Abstract: Dairy production and its evolution under quota are approached here spatialy. The heterogeneity of production is tested with the ressource to production functions, implements of the micro-economic analysis, estimated at a regional level. The empiric analysis is realized on a sample drawn from the RICA, with the assistance of elementary statistic and econometric methods. The factors of differentiation of this production between regions and inside each region, are specified for 1984 and 1988. The comparison of these results allows to draw lessons on evolution of production systems, by region. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics Volume: 213 Number: 351801 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351801 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351801/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4512.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351801 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elloumi, Mohamed Title: Du développement agricole au développement rural. Le cas des zones semi-arides en Tunisie Abstract: Development of rural areas, when based only on promoting agricultural activities, often ends up in leaving large rural areas less developped. This effect attest to the inability of agricultural activity alone to develop rural areas, particularly those with low production potential, and to offer full employment to the rural labour force. The analysis, at the national level, of the part time farming's importance and role, demonstrates that it is being always present both in time and in space throughout the structure of agricultural in Tunisia. But it is at the local level that it has been possible to better understand the mecanisms through whose the part time farming operates in the farm's working and reproduction in the semi-arid areas. All this demonstrates the interest of local development approach which integrates all the economic sectors. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 213 Number: 351802 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351802 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351802/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4513.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351802 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jazra-Bandarra, Nelly Title: Evaluation et suivi des actions de développement rural Abstract: Evaluation and monitoring of the Community structural funds programmes play a major role as a permanent instrument to improve the intervention process. The Commission try hard to implement adapted methodologies in the frame of partnership and to define basic tools as well as physical and socio-economic indicators. Some initial analysis brought useful informations on the implementation phase of the rural development programmes. A monitoring system is set up for a better knowledge of the achievements and to propose solutions and improvements to the programmes ; some of them can be introduced immediately others in the near future. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 213 Number: 351803 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351803 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351803/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4514.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351803 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Napoleone, C. Title: De l'expérience de développement au développement des expériences. Cas du sylvopastoralisme à but DFCI Abstract: Since several years, flocks are re-introduced in mediterranean forest, as an experiment, to prevent fire risks. This article is about the choice of a way to follow for the extension of this experiment : is it to search for an involvement in the management of the put up plan, or, on the opposite, to urge on for self-governing of the people involved ? It is based on an inquiry carried out to the whole group of concerned people. The proposal is creation of a relay-institution to support projects on middle terms. This is an illustration of the interest of an hol- listic approach of extension actions. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 213 Number: 351804 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351804 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351804/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4515.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351804 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schellenberger, Gilles Author-Name: Soulard, Christophe Title: Nitrates et agriculture. Du blocage à l'assimilation Abstract: Using the European rule Article 19, a policy to control nitrate contamination resulting from agricultural production is coming into action in the French county Yonne. The farmers are requested to change their farming methods. The research is aiming to identify farmer's attitude about this. The theoritical approach is based on the social representation concept. Three objects have been studied : farming methods, pollution caused by nitrates, environnemental agricultural problem. Following an analyse of the consensus, différents behaviours have been drawn out by a gradual typology. This allows us to conclude on the fragile parts of the policy. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management Volume: 213 Number: 351805 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351805 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351805/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4516.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351805 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Paul Bairoch.- Le Tiers-Monde dans l'impasse (3e édition) Keywords: International Development Volume: 213 Number: 351806 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351806 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351806/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4517_t1_0041_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351806 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Chantal Blanc-Pamard et François Rue- La transition caféière, côte est de Madagascar Keywords: International Development Volume: 213 Number: 351807 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351807 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351807/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4517_t1_0042_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351807 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azcarate, G. Title: Burger et al. (Editeurs).- Agricultural Economies and Policy : international challenges for the nineties Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 213 Number: 351808 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351808 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351808/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4517_t1_0043_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351808 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roux, Bernard Title: Hugues Lamarche (Coordinateur).- L'agriculture familiale. Une réalité polymorphe Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 213 Number: 351809 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351809 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351809/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4517_t1_0044_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351809 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Catherine Larrere.- L'invention de l'économie au XVIIIe siècle. ; Jean-Claude Perrot.- Une histoire intellectuelle de l'économie politique Keywords: Political Economy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 213 Number: 351810 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351810 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351810/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4517_t1_0046_0000_5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351810 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chataigner, Jean Title: J.A. Mollet.- Planning for Agricultural Development (2e édition) Keywords: Farm Management, International Development Volume: 213 Number: 351811 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351811 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351811/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_213_1_4517_t1_0047_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351811 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Author-Name: Nidenberg, Simone Title: Avant-propos Volume: 214-215 Number: 351812 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351812 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351812/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4518.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351812 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Title: Agricultures post-communistes en Europe centrale : récession, protection, restructuration lente Abstract: Since 1990, in Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia, the price and trade liberalization and the moretary restriction have shrunk the food domestic markets, while the liquidation of CEMA and the soviet economic collapse have much reduced eastern outlets. The resulting financial and surplus crisis in agriculture have been sharpened by the monopolist structure and the inefficiency of upstream and dowstream links. The ensuing agricultural recession could be lasting because the privatization process will not quickly cope with structural inadequacy of the sector. Despite increased import protection, this is going to bring back Czechoslovakia and Poland to net agro-import positions, and to shrink hungarian exports of bulk products. On longer term, a global economic recovery, CAP reform and opening, and new dynamic in dowstream links could reverse the recessive trend, in view of the high agricultural potential of these countries. Keywords: International Development Volume: 214-215 Number: 351813 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351813 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351813/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4520.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351813 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurel, Marie-Claude Title: Transition structurelle et contrainte socio-politique : quelle issue pour les agricultures d'Europe centrale Abstract: Socio-political constraint is those which by its freezing effects could act upon the transition process towards market economy. This study intend to analyse structural factors which hinder agriculture from restructuring, like the legacy of agrarian structures existing before collectivisation, and the inertia of the collectivist agrarian model. Transforming social relationship inherited from communist period appears to be the main stake. So, working out privatisation laws rose during several months a wery controversial political debate. Changing ownership relations clash with the opinions of agricultural workers, and with the ideas they have about their future social position in the new economic system. Keywords: International Development, Political Economy Volume: 214-215 Number: 351814 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351814 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351814/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4521.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351814 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique Author-Name: Goldin, Ian Author-Name: Dessus, Sébastien Title: Réforme de l'agriculture de l'ex-Union Soviétique : une vue globale Abstract: Using a global agricultural applied general equilibrium model, this paper analyses the consequences of several scenarios of agricultural reform in the former Soviet Union. In increasing order of sequencing, the scenarios include first, price reform, followed by a reduction of waste in agricultural production, and lastly, an increase in agricultural productivity. With increasing orders of magnitude as each reform is implemented, these reformes lead in general to a reduction in world agricultural prices, a decrease in the former Soviet Union's agricultural imports, a concomitant decrease in agricultural exports of the OECD and some of the key non-OECD agricultural exporters, a reduction of agricultural budgets in the OECD, and a significant increase in welfare in the former Soviet Union. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 214-215 Number: 351815 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351815 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351815/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4522.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351815 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sivignon, Michel Title: La décollectivisation des campagnes roumaines Abstract: Poeni is a large village located in the Valachian Plain, 60 km West from Bucarest As in the whole Rumania, Poeni undertook a land redistribution to the former land owners (before the collectivization). These former land owners are very numerous, a high percentage of them living now in towns. The tenures are very small (3 ha) and a great part of them will not be cultivated directly by the new owners, 1991 land law forecasts the possibility of settling new collective exploitations, but these may be ephemeral and their design on the ground is problematic. Keywords: International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 214-215 Number: 351816 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351816 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351816/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4524.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351816 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chmurak, Marian Title: Quelles destinations pour les terres des fermes d'Etat dans le nouveau contexte de la Pologne Abstract: Large collective forms represent still a significant share of the polish agricultural production. They are privatized within a difficult general economic situation. Many decisions are to be taken before they can be fully inserted within a market economy. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Relations/Trade Volume: 214-215 Number: 351817 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351817 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351817/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4525.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351817 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cosea, Mircéa Title: Analyse de la politique agricole et de l'évolution du commerce de produits agricoles en Roumanie (1991-1992) Abstract: With a significant potential within the national economy (20,4 % of CDP in 1991) and a structure consistent with a favourable evolution of plant and animal output, the romanian agriculture is the van of the economic and social reform process in Romania. In the first stage, land privatization did not lead to economic success. The sharp change of the old organizational and functional structure of agriculture determined a strong déclin of output with a negative impact on the external balance of payments ; the social effects are important as well. The State monopoly on the distribution and selling of agricultural products has been replaced by incentives through financial policies and relationships specific to market economy. The main features of trade policies consisted in the prohibition or limitation of some exports and the impact of significant amounts of agro-food products covered especially by external credits and governmental aids. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade Volume: 214-215 Number: 351818 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351818 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351818/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4527.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351818 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Palovics, Irène Title: L'importance cruciale de l'organisation des marchés pour l'agriculture hongroise Abstract: Reestablishment of the relations of private property is an indispensable condition of reconstruction in Hungarian agriculture. In addition, technical, financial problems and those of organizing the market of agricultural products are to be solved at the same time. Intervention of the state seems to be necessary, although it cannot be important enough, because of the limitation of financial means and lack of a well-founded conception of agricultural policy . Transparent market may restore agricultural production, probably at a lower level than that of the years '80. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 214-215 Number: 351819 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351819 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351819/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4528.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351819 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lamser, Zdenek Title: L'agriculture tchèque et slovaque en transformation Abstract: Transforming Tchèque et Slovaque economics and societies is a conplicated process. It concerns mainly primary agriculture, that is, state farms and cooperatives. Shrinking of food demand causes a glut crisis. Since 1991, however, agricultural prices are increasing again. The soms for subsidies changed, and the total amount is reduced. The aim is now to stimulate structural change, by creating competitive farm enterprizes. Finaly, an account is giving of the agricultural comperative transformation process. Keywords: International Development Volume: 214-215 Number: 351820 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351820 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351820/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4529.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351820 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruffio, Philippe Author-Name: Mouchet, Christian Author-Name: Barloy, Jean Title: Evolution des besoins de formation dans l'enseignement supérieur agronomique et agro-alimentaire des pays d'Europe centrale Abstract: The restructuring of agriculture in Central Europe has left in its wake new needs for professional people, both in beginner training and continuing education. Such engineers and technicians must be able to help in the formation of new farmers, guide them, organise producers, and contribute to the processing and distribution of products. For the face of this need, the existing university system possesses a great potential in both physical capacity and academic staff. The main problems are the reconversion necessary to obtain adapted cursus for the new objectives ; openings on the professional market ; low financial means and the absence of a society project concerning the future of the higher education system. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 214-215 Number: 351821 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351821 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351821/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4531.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351821 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guglielmi, Michel Author-Name: Granjon, Dominique Author-Name: Thouret, Olivier Title: La situation technico-économique et sociale de la production industrielle porcine en Roumanie Abstract: The analysis of industrial porcine enterprises in Rumania shows their generally low performances, the permanence of the former labour organisation and of the former management, the important economic difficulties they meet with in an incertain transition to market economy. It seems necessary to have a specific approach to the economies and the societies of these East European countries in transition. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 214-215 Number: 351822 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351822 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351822/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4532.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351822 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Waedekin, Karl-Eugen Title: Décollectivisation et colonat public Abstract: In eastern countries, the privatisation policy is often viewed as a step toward a western like family farm system. However, one may imagine a radically different path for the actual evolution, which would lead to a system of latifundia, similar in many respect to the regime encountered in Italy at the end of the roman empire. This is a consequence of the fact that former leaders of state collective farms are still powerful!, whereas the conditions under which farms are privatized preclude the possibility for them to become viable family farms. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 214-215 Number: 351823 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351823 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351823/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4534.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351823 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Benoît Title: L'inévitable restructuration des coopératives agricoles (LPG) dans l'ex-RDA Abstract: 1. The German re-unification brings to the former German Democratic Republic (GRD) an unprecedented development : a new legislation, an agricultural reform, a new labor and productive cooperatives status, a re-distribution of land. Land as well as capital have then to be considered as new economics and social important stakes. A news law for the restructuration of enterprises provides the implementation of private economy. II. The end of the soviet model : In the course of 1972 used by cooperatives of class III is greater than that of cooperatives class I and II. Land was reduced to a means of production that was detained by the cooperatives and/or the state. Local taxation is introduced on the basis of past productivity evaluations. This tax takes equally into account the distance to the market and the reasoning of L. v. Thünen, a marginal cost analyst, who began to be rehabilitated by historians in the middle of the 1980s. III. What kind of status for the land : private or cooperative ? In 1991 there were about 600 failures in the field of agriculture. The law allowed until 31/12/1991 for the cooperatives to disappear. In so doing they had to chose between several juridical models fora market economy integration. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 214-215 Number: 351824 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351824 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351824/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4535.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351824 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chemelev, Gelii Title: Réforme de la propriété foncière en Russie Abstract: The on ongoing discussions about agrarian reform in Russia recall those around the Stolipine reform, in 1906. In fact, such a reform is likely to increase production, but it is in its very beginning, and one does not know in which way it is to develop itself. In addition, the flow of unexperienced new farmers of urban origin is a matter of concern. Some sort of state intervention is needed to allow for a smooth transition, and to protect farmers against input suppliers monopolies. Keywords: International Development, Political Economy Volume: 214-215 Number: 351825 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351825 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351825/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4536.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351825 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Halamska, Maria Title: Les cadres de la mutation fonctionnelle de l'exploitation familiale sous la contrainte du marché en Pologne Abstract: The author deals with origins of current difficulties generated within family farms in Poland. The following factors are taken into consideration : particular linkage pattern of farms in the system of collectivized economy, partially mobile functionning space, quasi-monopolist position on the food market, functionning peculiarities, ho- mogenization of farms, an autonomy implied by offagriculture dimensions and reproducing singularities, extraordinary : rente, accumulation, amortization. All these factors make the author to point out that the family farms in Poland have become symbiosis units with the collectivized economy, i.e. the units unable to work as well as to reproduce in any other socio-economic environment. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 214-215 Number: 351826 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351826 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351826/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4538.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351826 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kovalenko, Vladimir Title: Le secteur agro-alimentaire en Russie à la veille de la réforme agraire : les kolkhozes peuvent-ils survivre Abstract: An agrarian reform has been lauched by the Russian government The main purpose is the removing of large sized collective farms. Kolkhozes and sovkhoses are considered as inefficient structures, necessitating permanent government support. This inefficiency, however, is a consequence of a general feature of administered soviet economies. On the other hand, the old system provided highly appreciated safety and assistance to peasants. Thus, agrarian reform success will depend upon both a general restructuration of the food system, and the possibility of achieving their choices given to those wishing to leave the collective system. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 214-215 Number: 351827 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351827 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351827/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4539.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351827 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adamovicz, Mieczsyslaw Title: L'agriculture et l'agro-alimentaire en Pologne : situation et facteurs d'évolution Abstract: The actual state of the agriculture and food economy in Poland is shaped by the following four factors : historic conditions of socioeconomic development ; the process of transition from centrally planned to a market oriented economy ; the still extended economic recession ; the opening of the country for european cooperation. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 214-215 Number: 351828 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351828 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351828/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4540.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351828 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ertsey, Imre Author-Name: Mainsant, Pascal Title: La filière de foie gras hongroise renforce sa cohésion pour traverser sans dommage l'actuelle période de mutation Abstract: The competitivity of the duck and goose production system in Hungary remains important, in spit of the political storn since 1988. The strongest' part of this system still ten industrial slaughter-houses. Export remains essentialy controled by the old monopolistic institution "HUNGAVIS". To avoid any wild growth in production dangerous for the prices, the industry created in 1991 an interprofessional association whose first decision was to place well enforced export quotas.. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 214-215 Number: 351829 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351829 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351829/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4542.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351829 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Thiec, Catherine Author-Name: Szajder, M. Title: Situation et obstacles au développement du secteur laitier polonais Abstract: The polish dairy sector has been facing new prohlems since the beginning of the transition period. Abolition of subsidies and reduction of salaries entailed a drop in consumption of dairy products. In the same time, prices of agricultural inputs increased. As a result, dairy production became unprofitable for farmers. For the same reasons, Polish dairy cooperatives have more and more problems to sell their products. Because the cooling chain is regularly broken, dairy products are of bad quality. They are in competition with Western products which are more expensive but also more attractive. To solve their problems (economic, market, structural, social and technical), Polish dairies have to organize training for their staff, to improve the cooling chain and to organize dairy sector. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 214-215 Number: 351830 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351830 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351830/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4543.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351830 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Quelles politiques agricoles et agro-alimentaires pour les pays d'Europe de l'Est? Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development Volume: 214-215 Number: 351831 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351831 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351831/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_214_1_4545.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351831 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonny, Sylvie Title: Les déterminants de la baisse des investissements agricoles depuis vingt ans. Une contribution à l'analyse Abstract: In France, as in many other countries, agricultural investments have shown a downard trend since 1974. The author attemps to analyse the explanatory factors using, among other sources, a survey of farmers on the factors that favour or hinder investment. The paper first considers the economic determinants of the investment crisis: falling farm prices and incomes, rising user cost of capital, outlet limitation and farmers' worries about the future. There are also other, more positive explanatory factors, however, particularly farm structure enlargement enabling rationalization of purchases, much increased collective use of equipment, and perhaps the beginning of development of a new technical model. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 216 Number: 351832 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351832 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351832/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4546.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351832 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Title: Structure socioprofessionnelle de l'agriculture Abstract: It is proposed to add to existing typologies of farms or individuals and farm households, a classification of farm managers (and of their farms and families) based on their socioprofessional category in the INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) sense. A distinction is thus made between three subsets called principal agriculture, complementary agriculture and retirement agriculture, and the first is subdivided according to the economic size of the farm and its main production. Relationships between the socioprofessional category of farmers and their incomes - farm income and others - show the advantage of the proposed classification. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 216 Number: 351833 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351833 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351833/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4547.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351833 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillaumont, Patrick Title: Politique d'ajustement et développement agricole Abstract: This paper surveys the main relations between adjustment policy and agricultural performance during the eighties, with special focus to African countries. First it shows why logically adjustment may favour agricultural development. Then it considers why the implementation of the main policy measures may not lead to the expected results. Special attention is given to the exchange rate policy (a strong currency depreciation is often associated with a decline in real producer prices), to the trade liberalization (and the conditions of an efficient producer price stabilization) and to the fiscal policy (decreasing fiscal deficit has different consequences on the agricultural sector depending on the tax increases and expenditures cuts). Keywords: International Development, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 216 Number: 351834 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351834 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351834/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4548.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351834 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Parent, Diane Title: La vulgarisation agricole en images : une analyse selon trois perspectives communicationnelles Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of agricultural extension services according to three models or images borrowed from communication sciences. The first refers to a mechanical perspective, typical of the transmission of knowledge, as a telegraph. The second, the psychosociological type, proper to the interpersonnal communication pictures extension as an orchestra where the finality is not to transmit but to play together, in harmony. Finally we propose an examination of agricultural extension based on an image proper to organizationnal commu- nication,"la poupée russe", which suggests that agricultural extension is a process of construction of the relationship between the advisor and the farmer, the rapport between them and their organisations as much as the object and the process of knowledge . Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 216 Number: 351835 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351835 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351835/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4549.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351835 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vard, Thierry Title: Les performances comparées des systèmes de production de porc. La Belgique dans le cadre européen Abstract: Against the background of EEC self-sufficiency, this study tries to assess the competitiveness of pig production systems in the main producing areas. After having defined these pig production systems and having deduced regional production systems from them, it seams that the regional economic performance is closely linked to specialization and size, even though little specialized and very autarkic systems may sometimes yield satisfactory margins by produced unit Data of the F ADN, used in this research, appears not well adapted for a detailed technico-economic analysis. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 216 Number: 351836 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351836 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351836/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4550.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351836 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zoungrana, Placide Title: L'émergence du surplus dans le sous-secteur vivrier et son affectation : le cas de l'agriculture ivoirienne Abstract: The importance of agriculture in african countries is generally seen through the performance of export cultures which generate a great part of ressources necessary to finance growth. However, a fine analysis of the primary sector allows to see that foodcrops are essential in the dynamization of the economy. Within the case studied in Côte d'Ivoire, this paper shows the importance of foodcrops in satisfying foodneeds and in contributing to the growth of the economy by a range of transfers of this surplus.. Keywords: Food Security and Poverty Volume: 216 Number: 351837 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351837 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351837/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4551.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351837 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Note du Comité de rédaction Volume: 216 Number: 351838 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351838 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351838/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4908.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351838 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Veer, Jan Author-Name: Mansholt, Sicco Author-Name: Veermann, C.P. Author-Name: Van Dijk, G. Title: Dix points sur la politique verte : propositions pour une nouvelle politique agricole plus responsable Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 216 Number: 351839 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351839 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351839/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4553.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351839 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carrel, Jean Title: Exportations : le pétrole vert à nouveau sur la sellette Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 216 Number: 351840 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351840 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351840/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4554.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351840 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Réforme de la PAC : une mesure d'urgence pour sauver l'élevage européen Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 216 Number: 351841 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351841 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351841/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4555.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351841 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simantov, Albert Title: Pierre Baudin. - L'Europe face à ses marchés agricoles. Paris Economica, 1993 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade Volume: 216 Number: 351842 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351842 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351842/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4556_t1_0058_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351842 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Billaud, Jean-Paul Title: Bertrand Hervieu (Coordinateur). - Les Agriculteurs Français aux Urnes. Etudes du colloque international de l'ARF (1990) Keywords: Political Economy, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 216 Number: 351843 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351843 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351843/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4556_t1_0059_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351843 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Jacques Brasseul. - Introduction à l'économie du développement Keywords: International Development Volume: 216 Number: 351844 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351844 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351844/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4556_t1_0061_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351844 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Title: Monique Pastor-Barrue et Michel Barrue. - Architecte, élevage et société en montagne. Une expérience pilote de développement local intégré dans les vallées pyrénéennes Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 216 Number: 351845 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351845 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351845/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4556_t1_0061_0000_7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351845 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Josef Pitel - Multicreterion optimization and its utilization in agriculture Keywords: Farm Management, Production Economics Volume: 216 Number: 351846 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351846 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351846/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_216_1_4556_t1_0062_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351846 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Avant-propos Volume: 217 Number: 351847 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351847 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351847/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4557.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351847 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, François Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Agro-Alimentaire et qualité. Questions aux sciences sociales Abstract: Quality management methods are quickly evoluting. Changes involve product design and production specification monitoring, labelling, evaluation, analysis and measurement methods. A renewed notion of quality is emerging, and becomes the subject of debates in professional, political and social scientists circles. This paper aims at fostering an interdisciplinary debate in what concerns the agro food sector. It describes the main economic issues which involve quality, and suggest five main themes to tackle this multiple facet objet. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agribusiness Volume: 217 Number: 351848 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351848 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351848/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4559.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351848 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eymard-Duvernay, François Title: La négociation de la qualité Abstract: The goal of this article is to show that neither market nor collective rules are efficient devices to improve quality of goods. In market, agents aren't committed. Sellers are likely to cheat clients out of quality. Clients don't communicate with sellers in case of problems about quality. Collective rules can commit sellers and are general references for consumers. But it is necessary to adapt rules to unexpected events and specific needs. They cannot stand in for dynamic interactions between sellers and clients. Quality results from the negotiation into networks. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 217 Number: 351849 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351849 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351849/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4561.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351849 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bayart, Denis Title: La quantification du contrôle qualité dans l'industrie : un point de vue sociologique et historique Abstract: Since the early 20's, statistical methods have been made use of as a covenant for the regulation of industrial processes. After a short historical summary, the paper presents three main themes in this respect : i-the notion of a variable controlled quality is a serious epistemological innovation ; ii-these methods are not incompatible with the division of labour, nor with standardization ; iii-they allowed fo the development of intermediate tools usable by unskilled workers. By now, statistical control stands as a fundamental concept in the objective definition of quality, even if it may be considered as too narrow for grasping all the facets of the notion. Keywords: Industrial Organization, Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 217 Number: 351850 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351850 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351850/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4562.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351850 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bandt, Jacques de Title: Qualités et performances industrielles Abstract: The actual emphasis on quality corresponds to two types of tendencies, which are different and, to a certain extent, contradictory : on the one hand requirements are increasing as concerns the intrinsic quality of products ; on the other hand, production and organization methods are going through a deep transformation process. While traditional measures of performances don't take quality explicitly into account, it has of course been necessary to consider both demand and supply of diffrences and of diversity. Differentiation strategies are likely to be conducive to rents. From a practical point of view, the traditionnal compromise giving priority to low price over quality is questioned, to the extent that production techniques and organizational modalities make it possible for those variables to be (more) convergent Parallel to this, demand for quality is more and more a demand for adaptation of the product to the specific needs or requirements of the client or user (customization), so that the service relation is becoming decisive. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 217 Number: 351851 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351851 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351851/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4563.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351851 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Foray, Dominique Title: Standard de référence, coûts de transaction et économie de la qualité : un cadre d'analyse Abstract: In this paper, I try to explore the analytical relationships between reference standards, transaction costs and the economics of quality. The paper focuses, first on a comparative assessment of the intellectual systems allowing economists and sociologists to approach these questions ; second on the historical emergence of reference standards, third on the direct effects of this kind of standard upon the industrial performances and organization, and fourth on the indirect effect of standardization regarding the innovative capabilities of industries and countries. Keywords: Industrial Organization, Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 217 Number: 351852 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351852 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351852/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4564.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351852 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lambert, Jean-Louis Title: Consommation : le consommateur, cet inconnu Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 217 Number: 351853 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351853 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351853/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4567.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351853 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvander, Bertil Title: Marché des produits : concurrence, coopération, réseaux Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 217 Number: 351854 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351854 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351854/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4569.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351854 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Letablier, Marie-Thérèse Title: Stratégie et organisation de l'entreprise Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 217 Number: 351855 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351855 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351855/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4571.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351855 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caneill, Jacques Title: Fabrication des produits : gestion des ressources et choix des méthodes Keywords: Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 217 Number: 351856 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351856 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351856/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4573.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351856 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nakhla, Michel Title: Les instruments de gestion de la qualité dans l'entreprise Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 217 Number: 351857 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351857 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351857/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_217_1_4575.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351857 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Title: Le volet agricole de l'Uruguay Round : une nouvelle régulation mondiale Abstract: Within EC and US, there exist deep internal disagreements about the futur of their agricultures. At the same time, they are in competition, not only one against the other, but also the two against the rest of the world. As a consequence, their attitudes visà-vis the agricultural GATT négociation are divergent and contradictory. The Blair House pre-agreement could be a first step towar a kind of world common agricultural policy. However, if a coordinated supply management, as implied by this agreement, can stabilize markets, it may also deprive deve- lopping countries of any possibility of indépendant agricultural policy for a long time in the futur. Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 218 Number: 351858 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351858 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351858/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4576.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351858 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Facchini, François Title: Paysage et économie : la mise en évidence d'une solution de marché Abstract: The economist has to choose a definition of landscape which meets the requirements of social sciences. Three definitions are available : the scientific definition, the psychological definition and the phenomenological one (Section 1). The last definition appears to be the most adequate. It allows to study the landscape-individuals relation and to show that there exists a market management of landscape based on the trade of private property rights on the land and on the individual choices of localization (Section 2). But the market management is not always possible (insolvency and exhaustion) and that gives rise to a protection demand on the political market. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 218 Number: 351859 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351859 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351859/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4577.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351859 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Conventions économiques et mutation de l'économie contractuelle dans le secteur des légumes transformés Abstract: For a long time, production contracts have been ruling relationships between vegetables producers and processors. In the early sixties, an interprofessionnal organization was established in order to provide a legal framework to these arrangements. During the last few years, however its activity has been questionned. From an analysis in terms of mode of coordination, this paper conclude to the necessity of new kind of contracts, in order to solve problems arising from lack of mutual confidence, and risks of incomplete contract fulfillment. Keywords: Industrial Organization, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 218 Number: 351860 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351860 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351860/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4578.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351860 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: Miss insensible à la volatilité du billet vert Keywords: Financial Economics, International Relations/Trade Volume: 218 Number: 351861 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351861 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351861/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4580.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351861 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Regazzola, Thomas Title: New deal : outrepasser l'agriculture Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development Volume: 218 Number: 351862 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351862 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351862/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4581.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351862 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vercherand, Jean Title: Proposition d'un schéma de réforme (de la réforme) de la PAC Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 218 Number: 351863 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351863 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351863/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4582.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351863 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Jean Boulaine. - Histoire de l'Agronomie en France Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 218 Number: 351864 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351864 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351864/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4583_t1_0040_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351864 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: François Bourguignon. - Théorie Micro-économique, tome I : L'équilibre concurrentiel ; Jacques Lecaillon. - Analyse micro-économique Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 218 Number: 351865 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351865 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351865/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4583_t1_0041_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351865 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Revel, Alain Title: Jean-Marc Boussard. - Introduction à l'économie rurale Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 218 Number: 351866 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351866 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351866/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4583_t1_0042_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351866 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boutonnet, Jean-Pierre Title: J.L. Fraysse et A. Darre. - Produire des viandes, volume 1 : Sur quelles bases économiques et biologiques ? ; J.L. Fraysse et J.P. Guitard. - Produire des viandes, volume 2 : Produire de la viande ovine Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Crop Production/Industries Volume: 218 Number: 351867 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351867 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351867/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4583_t1_0043_0000_10.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351867 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdelmalek, Ali Aït Title: Bertrand Hervieu et Rose-Marie Lagrave (sous la direction de). - Les syndicats agricoles en Europe Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 218 Number: 351868 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351868 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351868/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4583_t1_0044_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351868 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Joseph Klatzmann. - Attention, statistiques ! Comment déjouer les pièges Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 218 Number: 351869 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351869 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351869/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4583_t1_0046_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351869 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Alain Mounier. - Les théories économiques de la croissance agricole Keywords: International Development, Production Economics Volume: 218 Number: 351870 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351870 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351870/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4583_t1_0047_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351870 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Duc Loi Phan. - L'Economie mondiale entre le libre échange et le protectionisme Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 218 Number: 351871 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351871 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351871/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4583_t1_0048_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351871 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des auteurs 1993 Volume: 218 Number: 351872 Year: 1993 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351872 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351872/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1993_num_218_1_4584.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351872 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faure, Guy Title: Mécanisation, productivité du travail et risques : le cas du Burkina Faso Abstract: In western Burkina Faso there is an extension of mechanised farms. This evolution generates an increase in cotton and food productions mainly because of an extension or cultivated areas. At the same time the burden of work goes up especially during harvesting. Such a technology allowed a rise in monetary incomes per farm for small animal traction farms an particulaly for large animal traction farms and motorized farms. The monetary incomes per person largely increase when farmers get animal traction but they increase just a little when farmers buy a tractor. The naturals risks and the economic risks are high and impede the farmers from investing. Farmers who develop monetary exchanges are especially exposed to these risks. Such a context encourage extensive strategies and contribute to the development of securised crops like cotton. The non-agricultural activities development which is able to promote a monetary resources diversification remains low. Saving which really belongs to an anti-risks strategy is not very developed. Keywords: Productivity Analysis, Risk and Uncertainty Volume: 219 Number: 351873 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351873 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351873/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4585.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351873 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Foko, Emmanuel Title: Les paysans de l'ouest Cameroun face au crédit agricole institutionnel Abstract: The problems of credit distribution of agricultural credit by institutional organisations in West Cameroon have been analysed through the FONADER experience in the Mifi area. This analysis brings to the fore two kinds of contraints. The first ones are caused by internal structures of the organisation, essentially because of insufficient information about its own credit activity, the complexity of procedures, and the amount of the required guarantees. The consequencies are the results of external problems, mainly due to suspicion of the population towards the banking establishment, the low profitability rate of agricultural businesses, and the very high ratio of repayment failures. The experience of the "adherent credit" has been analysed too. It has significantly improved the distribution system, but has to deal with the insufficience of funds which are allocated to it. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 219 Number: 351874 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351874 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351874/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4586.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351874 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fulponi, Linda Title: La variabilité des prix internationaux de base : les marchés sont-ils efficaces Abstract: Reforms in agricultural policy porposed by OECD Ministers in 1987 and elaborated in subsequent Ministerial meetings aim to place greater reliance on market rather than institutionally-set prices. As a result of reforms, producers of agricultural products will be obliged to refer to prices determined in, or influenced by, international commodity exchanges in making their decisions. One of the arguments for greater reliance on market-determined prices is that these will provide more accurate signals of fundamental market conditions and thus will generate an efficient allocation of resources. In this context, price variability may likely be an important issue. To the extent that market prices will increasingly guide decisions, price variability, particularly in the short to medium term, merits examination. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Financial Economics Volume: 219 Number: 351875 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351875 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351875/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4587.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351875 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: Faut-il craindre une agriculture capital-saving Keywords: Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 219 Number: 351876 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351876 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351876/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4589.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351876 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonny, Sylvie Title: Quelle réalité se cache derrière les ratios et agrégats macro-économiques Volume: 219 Number: 351877 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351877 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351877/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4590.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351877 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Economie globale, alimentaire, agricole et rurale Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development Volume: 219 Number: 351878 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351878 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351878/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4592.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351878 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azcarate, G. Title: Agriculture 2000. - Le Livre blanc : les stratégies agricoles face à la nouvelle PAC Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 219 Number: 351879 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351879 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351879/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4593_t1_0033_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351879 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abramovay, Ricardo Title: Déméter 93. - Economie et stratégies agricoles Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management Volume: 219 Number: 351880 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351880 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351880/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4593_t1_0034_0000_5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351880 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lenormand, Pierre Title: Guillaume Lacquement. - La décollectivitisation dans les nouveaux lânder allemands : d'un modèle à l'autre Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Development Volume: 219 Number: 351881 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351881 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351881/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4593_t1_0035_0000_5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351881 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Raphaël Larrere et O. Nougarede. - Des hommes et des forêts Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 219 Number: 351882 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351882 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351882/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4593_t1_0036_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351882 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Title: Denis Lefevre. - Le retour des paysans Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 219 Number: 351883 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351883 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351883/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4593_t1_0037_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351883 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lenormand, Pierre Title: Marie-Claude Maurel (sous la direction de), Ivan Bockova, Katalin Kovacs, Elizbieta Piotrowska. - Les décollectivisations en Europe Centrale (volume 1). Autopsie d'un mode de production Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 219 Number: 351884 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351884 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351884/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4593_t1_0038_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351884 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: André Tiano. - A bas le dogmatisme. Les politiques de développement des pays du tiers-monde. Keywords: International Development, Political Economy Volume: 219 Number: 351885 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351885 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351885/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4593_t1_0039_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351885 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Delord, Bernard Author-Name: Rio, Patrick Title: Les revenus agricoles : revenu et efficacité, revenu et équité, revenu et stabilité Keywords: Farm Management, Production Economics Volume: 220-221 Number: 351886 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351886 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351886/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4595.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351886 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Introduction Abstract: The paper aims to discuss accounting measurement of income from a theoretical point of view. First of all, it would be noticed that income is only, an approximation of farmer's objectives. Then, changes in capital assets value would be reconnected in income. More generally, risks of interpretation are focused when accounting data of income are concerned. Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 220-221 Number: 351887 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351887 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351887/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4909.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351887 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sturgess, Ian Title: Ce qu'apporte la théorie économique à la mesure et à l'interprétation des revenus agricoles Abstract: The analysis of the creation of agricultural revenues must take into account the strategies of the farmers. Two current kinds of strategic action are put forward when describing the forms of institutionalised competition that have shaped the contemporary French food and agricultural system. They aim at responding to the exhaustion of the principles of selection that have accompanied the growth of the past thirty years, and to reconstitute new principles which would allow forms to maintain the competitive advantages resulting from the characteristics of the past development. Keywords: Agribusiness, Industrial Organization Volume: 220-221 Number: 351888 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351888 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351888/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4598.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351888 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gaignette, Antonin Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Title: Concurrence dans le système agro­alimentaire français et formation des revenus agricoles Abstract: Languedoc-Roussillon agriculture is characterised by a great reduction of the vineyards area and by a fall in wine producers'incomes. Yet there is no agricultural diversification. This article examines how relations between economic agents, institutions and structures, belonging historically to the same viticulture system, can explain the dynamics of this regional agriculture. The analysis of agricultural income components shows how the process of agricultural diversification is constrained by the inertia of inherited institutions and by the changes ofsectorial and regional external effects. Keywords: Production Economics, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 220-221 Number: 351889 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351889 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351889/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4599.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351889 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debosque, Stéphane Author-Name: Touzard, Jean-Marc Title: Stratégies de production et conditions de formation des revenus agricoles en Languedoc-Roussillon Abstract: On a global basis, the average agricultural income is very close to the national average. Moreover, the percentage of net capital free of debts owned by farmers is significantly higher than the average. But agricultural retirement pensions are definitely lower. At first sight hereafter, there doesn't seem to be much income inequality between farmers and other groups of population. Nevertheless, nowhere has the meaning of an average rate been so critical in relation to the extreme diversity of agricultural situations. In a context of accelerating land restructuring all the available indicators account for an increase in the disparities among. As a result, a significant part of the agricultural population earns levels of incomes lower than the average and close to the subsistence-level Hence, departures from the land and giving up farming have been move frequent than ever in the past. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 220-221 Number: 351890 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351890 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351890/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4600.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351890 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Title: Les disparités de revenus agricoles Abstract: Since the beginning of the eighties, the total gross/net farm revenue is very slightly on the decrease. The relative importance of the public flow of the taxes-subsidies remains an important element. It is surprising to notice that the revenue per farmer seems to have progressed more quickly than the salary of the average worker in the remainder of the economic contest, including the minimum wage. The three-part dissociation of the gross added value emphasises the occurrence of the three effects volume-price-number on the evolution of the revenue per active family farm worker. The rather satisfying increase of the producer's benefits however is probably lessened by the structural effect inaccurately representing the calculation of means due to a noticeable decrease -greater than half- of the number of small farmers between the last two general population censuses of 1982 and 1990. Keywords: Farm Management, Political Economy Volume: 220-221 Number: 351891 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351891 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351891/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4601.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351891 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: Evolution du revenu agricole réel sous la présidence mittérandienne Abstract: Over the 1977­89 period, the productivity gains in agriculture have enabled the prices of agricultural products to fall in real terms, giving an advantage to the customers. An application of the method of "surplus accounts" to the datas of National Accounts allows analysing transfers of purchasing power by prices between the different economic agents. Generally speaking, the food industries have properly transmitted these price changes to their selling prices. On the opposite, the trading sector have distributed them only imperfectly. The gap between production prices and retail prices is very often due to the increase of trade margins Keywords: Industrial Organization, Productivity Analysis Volume: 220-221 Number: 351892 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351892 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351892/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4602.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351892 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dechambre, Bernard Title: La répartition des gains de productivité dans la filière agro­alimentaire Abstract: This study investigates the benefits of diversification in a vineyard specialised region in the South of France, 174 farmers accounting data over 8 years (1984-1991). Two meanings are given to Diversification : adopting a mix of agricultural activities or dropping out the vineyard. Keywords: Farm Management, Production Economics Volume: 220-221 Number: 351893 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351893 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351893/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4603.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351893 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thannberger, Elisabeth Author-Name: Deffontaines, Marie-Pierre Author-Name: Rio, Patrick Title: Les revenus agricoles dans le Gard de 1984 à 1991 : fallait-il changer d'orientation Abstract: The income's variation of dairy farms since the introduction of milk quotas is analysed with two constant samples of FADN (83- 88 and 88-91). After an amelioration over the first period, the relative position of dairy farmers declines due to a negative evolution of relative price of milk and a raise of charges since 1988. The individual analysis proves that only the evolutions with growth and diversification give better economic results. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Farm Management Volume: 220-221 Number: 351894 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351894 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351894/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4605.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351894 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmitt, Bertrand Author-Name: Wavresky, Pierre Title: Evolution des revenus des producteurs de lait Abstract: These data are estimated by a model and the evolution of the income of sectors are analysed according to the productivity and the prices of the inputs and the outputs. Keywords: Public Economics, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 220-221 Number: 351895 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351895 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351895/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4606.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351895 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Delame, Nathalie Author-Name: Rousselle, Jean-Marc Title: Evolution des coûts de production et des revenus pour quelques grands produits de l'agriculture française (blé, fruit, porc, lait : RICA 1979-1991) Abstract: The FADN database is used to show the distribution of incomes of farms and farmers in France et European Community. A comparison is made between several countries (France, Italy, and the Netherlands) and over time (1984-1990). Selected results of simulations of the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy for the most affected types of farming are presented. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 220-221 Number: 351896 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351896 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351896/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4607.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351896 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brookes, Bernard Title: Le RICA : source d'informations sur la micro-économie agricole Abstract: The formation of agricultural income in Switzerland. Comparison with the EC and the US. Comparisons are made among the agricultures of Switzerland, the EC and the US, on the prices of outputs and inputs, the productivity and the level of the agricultural income. The issues of this international comparison are some reflections about the formation of the agricultural income. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 220-221 Number: 351897 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351897 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351897/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4608.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351897 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Maurel, Dominique Title: La formation du revenu agricole suisse : comparaison avec la CEE et les USA Abstract: In order to justify agricultural income support, current rhetoric insists on equity considerations. Yet, one does not see any reason to be more equitable with respect to farmers than to any other category. By contrast, protecting consumers against large, market generated price fluctuations stands as a solid ground to found farm subsidies legitimacy. In order to bring support to this idea, it is shown that the combined action of uncertainty, factor fixity, absence of economies of scale, and demand rigidity logically leads free agricultural markets toward chaotic regimes (in the technical, mathematical meaning of the word), with non periodical, self generated fluctuations. No exogenous perturbations, such as climatic accidents or exchange market hazards are necessary for such scenarii to occur. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Production Economics Volume: 220-221 Number: 351898 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351898 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351898/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4609.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351898 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Revenus, marchés et anticipations : la dynamique de l'offre agricole Abstract: One main limit of linear programming models is that all the parameters (prices, yields, input-output coefficients) are supposed known with certainty. There, this assumption is relaxed to take in account the risk attitude of the farmers. The risk is measured by the mean absolute deviation like in the MOTAD method. MOTAD approximation is generalised to problems where all parameters are stochastic. A new formulation is used to model the behaviour of polycultural farms with reference to milk production in the Forez region. Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty, Production Economics Volume: 220-221 Number: 351899 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351899 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351899/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4611.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351899 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madjid Bouzit, Abdel Author-Name: Rieu, Thierry Author-Name: Rio, Patrick Title: Modélisation du comportement des exploitants agricoles tenant compte du risque : application du MOTAD généralisé Abstract: In 1991, financial internal resources of farms are generally inadequate to cover private deductions , as well as redemption of liabilities and investment. The unfavourable economic conditions made selffinancing income negative for 44 farms out of 100. That proportion is greater for "other viticulture", "beef cattle" and mixed farming" economic orientations. That is the result of a financial analysis made from the accounts of FADN results (in French, RICA : Reseau d'information comptable agricole). Variations in balance sheet between the beginning and end of a budgetary year are particularly well described in the statement of changes in financial position. It requires three important notions in financial analysis : working capital ("fonds de roulement"), increase in working capital ("besoin en fonds de roulement") and net cash ("trésorerie nette"). Through the statement of changes in financial position may be studied differences by type of production as well as performances according to the importance of total investment. In the field of observation of FADN farms three classes may thus be distinguished in 1991 : 312 000 small investors (<50 000F), 7 000 mean investors (50-1000 000F), and 133 200 great investors (>100 000F). The investment is as a whole financed by loans while great investors increase their liability by 100 000F. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 220-221 Number: 351900 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351900 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351900/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4612.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351900 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guilbert, Philippe Title: La gestion financière des exploitations agricoles en 1991 : les différents modes d'adaptation aux variations conjoncturelles Abstract: The analysis of farms' accounts on several years running is efficient to identify different groups of economic trajectories. It allow us to explain the causes of different evolutions, bankruptcy or improvement, for farms in the same financial stress at the beginning. The construction of trajectories' groups from the sum of net cashflow on three accounting periods underlines the discrepancy of performances and financial situations between farms. Theses differences don't seem to be modified by the CAP reform. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 220-221 Number: 351901 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351901 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351901/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4613.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351901 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Desarmenien, Didier Title: Les trajectoires économiques des exploitations agricoles. Méthodes d'analyse et application à l'évaluation des conséquences de la réforme de la PAC Abstract: From a Lifecycle Model with endogenous (entrepreneurial) resources, we defined optimal debt, and the consequences of credit constraints on the heterogeneity of farmer's households. Taking into account age effects in borrowing behaviour of farmers, we estimated borrowing equations by age brackets. Using switching regression procedures, we found two different borrowing equations, corresponding to constrained and optimal debt. We estimated a frequency of constrained debt at two third in the three first age brackets. This high frequency of debt constrained farms highlight the important role of farm financing policy on the wealth position of farmers households. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Risk and Uncertainty Volume: 220-221 Number: 351902 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351902 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351902/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4614.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351902 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lifran, Robert Title: L'endettement à long et à moyen termes des agriculteurs : facteurs explicatifs et limites Abstract: The Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy will urge farm banks to adapt their intervention means. Thus they will take into account the new market environment and the numerous situations : serious structural problems or minor conjonctural adjustments. Later on, the new projects will have to be scanned with the greatest care because their profitability might slump. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Financial Economics Volume: 220-221 Number: 351903 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351903 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351903/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4615.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351903 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neveu, André Title: Réforme de la Politique Agricole Commune : impact sur les modalités de financement de l'agriculture Abstract: In this paper, we show how the neo-classical farm-household model can be used for analysing labour decisions of agricultural households. The paper focuses on off-farm work participation decisions of the wife and shows how the CAP reform (price cuts, set-aside and compensatory payments) will modify the probability of participation of the wife to the off-farm work market. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 220-221 Number: 351904 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351904 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351904/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4616.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351904 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin, Catherine Author-Name: Guyomard, Hervé Title: L'offre de travail extérieur des femmes : impact de la réforme de la PAC Abstract: The total income's indicator is calculated from the national accounts and various INSEE's surveys, the important of whose being used here concerns the "Income from the income tax". These surveys indicate dispatchings factors between different kind of households. This paper presents the methodology used. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 220-221 Number: 351905 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351905 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351905/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4618.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351905 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fall, Madior Title: Un indicateur du revenu global des ménages agricoles : le revenu par catégorie socioprofessionnelle Abstract: What is designated by non-farm incomes of agricultural households is depending on conceptual and empirical choices done about the household and the income. Notions and nomenclatures are various. Is in question understanding of behaviours in acquiring and using incomes. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics, Farm Management Volume: 220-221 Number: 351906 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351906 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351906/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4619.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351906 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Title: Questions relatives aux revenus non agricoles des ménages d'agriculteurs Abstract: In comparison with other households, farming households have a reasonably good level of income. In the 1970s, total farming income decreased but the average farm's size increased. At the same time, farming households earned a growing portion of their income outside farming and received higher levels of welfare benefits. As a result, the relative position of farming households in the income distribution has remained stable. In contrast, for most farmers income derived strictly form farming is lower than the average earnings of other self-employed individuals. The gap between the two groups is even larger when the duration of work and the amount of invested capital are taken into account. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 220-221 Number: 351907 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351907 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351907/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4620.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351907 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malpot, Jean-Jacques Title: Les agriculteurs et les autres indépendants : comparaison des revenus Abstract: Other gainful activities (OGA) among farm families are examined in relation with the average farm economic dimension and the degree of diversification of regional economies. In the south of Europe as well as in the Northern part, among the 24 study areas, farms appear to be taken over as pluri-activity expands, whilst, in the medium part, exits of farms seem to be the main adjustment process. Keywords: Farm Management, Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 220-221 Number: 351908 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351908 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351908/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4621.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351908 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Ajustement des structures agricoles et contextes régionaux en Europe (Projet Arkleton trust) Abstract: Off farm incomes are essential when devising agricultural policy. The american agricultural policy, from the New deal to nowadays, has been revised every four or five years. These reforms have been made possible the speedy increase of off farm incomes has maintained the global income of american farmers. does not have at its disposal so sophisticated information on the income of its farmers and it is urgent to improve the european surveys in this field. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351909 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351909 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351909/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4622.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351909 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Revel, Alain Title: Importance des revenus non agricoles des exploitations agricoles de petites tailles aux Etats-Unis et en Europe Abstract: The CAP reform will bring about a noticeable increase in direct grants to farmers, intended to make up for income losses due to price falls (arable crops, cattle breeding). Therefore important consequences should arise in accounts for agriculture). In order to really appreciate their meaning, we must first consider how national economic accounting is led to analyse such grants, regardless of principles and methodological choices which have been taken for the present (1980) basis. Those aids bring up three important questions to the national accountant : do they constitute subsidies ? which ones could be considered as subsidies on products? what amount should be recorded under the accounts for a given year ? Possible changes connected with the re-basing may result in two important consequences for agricultural accounts : one is in the method for recording output, the other in the definition of time of recording for transactions. Output could be recorded at basic price, which is obtained by adding subsidies on products to the producer's price and by deducting taxes on products. The general principle for time of recording for transactions should become the accrual accounting, i.e. the time when liabilities and claims connected to transactions are ascertained. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351910 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351910 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351910/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4623.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351910 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Unknown Title: Introduction Abstract: Production decline and price fall made up by direct subsidies , such are the main principles of CAP reform adopted since May 1992. As a whole, disregarding any hypothesis of farmers adaptation as well as changes due to economic conditions concerning products, the reform's impact would altogether be more or less nonexistent on the agricultural income at national level for its first year of application and slightly positive in current value in the 1995-1996 perspective. National accompanying measures would reinforce that tendency. However the impact would vary greatly depending on farm categories and regions. On the geographical level, an improvement in income would be noticed in breeding area while general cropping regions would be disadvantaged, which would result in a reduction in income disparities. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351911 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351911 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351911/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4910.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351911 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muller, Pierre Title: Réforme de la PAC et permanence des concepts de comptabilité nationale Abstract: In France, the CAP reform will involve an average increase of Gross Operating Surplus equal to 1. 7 per cent from 1991 to 1996, and 3 per cent for the Net Income. Direct subsidies will increase to 34 milliards of Francs and reach about 38 per cent of the Gross Operating Surplus. The farm specialisations differ in the growth of the direct subsidies share in the Gross Operating Surplus from 1991 to 1996 : 4 p.c. to 85 p.c.for cereal-specialised farming, 40 p.c. to 71 p.c. for bovine-meat breeding. The distribution of the incomes will become narrower because of the diminution of cereal farms incomes (-19 p.c.) and the increase of cattle farm incomes (from 9 p.c. to 18 p.c, according to specialisation). Volume: 220-221 Number: 351912 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351912 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351912/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4625.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351912 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desriers, Maurice Author-Name: Perrel, Bernard Author-Name: Strauss, Jean-Paul Title: Réforme de la PAC : des aides plus favorables à l'élevage qu'aux grandes cultures ; vers une réduction des disparités géographiques de revenu Abstract: The simulations of the consequences of the CAP reform have been carried out on 400 cattle breeders of the FADN (RICA : Réseau d'Information Comptable Agricole) of the {RENV Pays de la Loire}, representative sample of the 44 000 cattle farmers of this leading french region for beef production. They show a little increase of the incomes of most cattle breeders from 1991 to 1996 (+ 11% on an average). This weak enlargement results from a very large augmentation of direct payments but it is not enough to make up for the important decrease occurred between 1989 and 1991 (- 27% on an average). Favourable to three out of farms, the CAP reform penalises the most specialised beef farms with high level of animal intensification and leads most of intensive beef farmers to increase their forage areas in order to reduce their animal intensification level. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351913 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351913 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351913/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4626.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351913 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blogowski, Alain Author-Name: Boyer, Philippe Title: Les effets différenciés de la réforme de la PAC sur les revenus des agriculteurs Abstract: The systems and the economic situation of beef farms are analysed by the data of RICA (1985-1991). The first effects of the reform of the CAP on these systems are then appreciated. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351914 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351914 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351914/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4627.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351914 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Chatelier, Vincent Author-Name: Desarmenien, Didier Title: Les producteurs de viande bovine des Pays de la Loire face à la réforme de la PAC Abstract: CAP reforms will have important consequences on income. By help of supply models which take into account the major policy tools, a prospective approach allows us to estimate impacts of various scenarii on agricultural incomes. The studied reform is focused on price - income decoupling. It is viewed according to criteria of equity and efficiency from the economic theory. The "new CAP" seems not to be suitable. Only the increasing transparency of transfers could be a good mean to measure the social cost of agricultural substainability. Presented results allow us to focus on agricultural gross margins and public budget expenditure (except refunds to exports). Important differences appear between crop farmers and breeders. These differences have to be seen from a regional point of view. It could lead to regional agricultural policies as the counterpart of various social preferences to the agricultural sector. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351915 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351915 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351915/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4628.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351915 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Desbrosses, Bernard Author-Name: Rousselle, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Wavresky, Pierre Title: Situation économique des éleveurs bovins et réforme de la PAC Abstract: The following scenarios are analysed with ECAM, an applied general equilibrium model: a reference run without policy change ; the CAP reform ; a decoupled reform. The new policy should give an increase of livestock products and a reduction of cereal surpluses. It appears to be more efficient. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351916 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351916 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351916/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4629.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351916 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jayet, Pierre-Alain Title: Revenus et politiques agricoles, efficacité et équité - un modèle pour des réponses quantifiées Abstract: The reformed CAP, as it was simulated by the MAGALI model, would slow french agricultural output increase, in the medium term, down to 0.8% per year : cereals and peas deliveries would decrease, oilseeds would remain constant, while beef meat would recover and pork and poultry would maintain their growth rate. Thanks to the increase in direct payments and the decrease of taxes, the real value of gross agricultural income per farm would increase by 1% per year Volume: 220-221 Number: 351917 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351917 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351917/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4630.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351917 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loyat, Jacques Title: Revenus et efficacité : une approche empirique avec le modèle ECAM Abstract: Will the CAP reform alter the agricultural incomes distribution ? In this paper the issue is addressed at the level of aggregate incomes for the French regions. Using a projection of regional accounts over the reform period the changes in products supply, derived demand and value added are assessed for each region. A comparison with the trend of the pre-reform CAP shows that the reform provides the cereals and oilseed regions with a relative advantage. Finally, the distribution of value added per family worker among French regions does not change. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351918 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351918 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351918/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4631.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351918 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Marie-Annick Author-Name: Ramanantsoa, José Title: L'évolution de la branche agricole française dans le cadre de la nouvelle politique agricole commune Abstract: In this paper, we aim to analyse the short term effects of the recent change (1992) in the european regulation of the oilseeds market, on the allocation of land between cereals and sun-flower. We first describe the context of the reform (conflicts in the GATT), and then show that, if the reform has no sensible effect on the whole supply, it leads low-yield producers to increase the plantation of sun-flower in place of cereals and conversely for high-yield farms. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351919 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351919 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351919/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4632.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351919 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Léon, Yves Author-Name: Quinqu, Maurice Title: Disparités des valeurs ajoutées régionales et réforme de la PAC Abstract: Since the first proposal of Commissioner Me Sharry the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy is gone and will go furthermore over dramatics adjustments. This paper present a simulation of the effects, on the farm income, according to the farm size and the farm spacialization of different methods used for the distribution of public subsidies. Among the possible future adjustments, an individual ceiling deficiency payment appears a technical well reliable answer. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351920 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351920 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351920/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4633.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351920 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Author-Name: Ossard, Hervé Title: Régulation du marché des oléagineux : impact sur l'offre française en 1992 des mesures communautaires de 1991 Abstract: The concept of the transfer efficiency of agricultural support is explored. Efficiency is defined as the ratio of the net increase in farm income to total transfers from consumers and taxpayers. Two components determining this ratio are discussed: distributive losses and economic costs. The factors influencing the size of these components are identified. Two neglected aspects of transfer efficiency, leakages to upstream and downstream industries and the costs of taxation, are explored in more detail. Because the transfer efficiency of many forms of agricultural support is likely to be low, it is argued that a careful assessment of the sources of efficiency losses is necessary. Even if the form of support can be made more transfer efficient and less trade distorting, it may be desirable to reduce the overall level of support to farmers through time in order to increase economic growth and domestic welfare. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351921 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351921 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351921/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4634.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351921 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Politique des prix et soutiens aux revenus agricoles : étude comparative de quelques alternatives à la nouvelle PAC Abstract: In this paper, we review how arguments of Political Economy and Public Finance can be used to explain government attitudes towards agricultural policies. We apply the collective action approach to the CAP reform and the GATT game. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351922 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351922 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351922/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4635.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351922 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blandford, David Author-Name: Maier, Leo Author-Name: de Gorter, Harry Title: L'efficacité de transfert des mesures de politique agricole Abstract: The analysis of agricultural policies is placed within a theoretical framework, with a brief comment on the Ricardian and the neoclassical rents and the welfare theorems. Land being a rigid and heterogeneous factor, it creates such rents that public intervention becomes a necessity. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351923 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351923 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351923/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4638.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351923 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guyomard, Hervé Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Author-Name: Munk, Knud Author-Name: Roe, Terry Title: L'agriculture au GATT et la réforme de la PAC : l'éclairage de l'Economie Politique et de l'Economie Publique Abstract: A chronological list of public subsidies (national and european) to French agriculture before the CAP reform is elaborated from state budget documents ("Blancs"). A better adjusted nomenclature to the present situation is proposed for 1991 and will bill used in the future. So, the obtained data allow to point out the subsidised fields : mainly social protection and productive agricultural activity. Within this latter one, the support of price's level takes up a more and more dominant place. The progressive evolution of this subsidies allows an estimation of its importance in the agricultural economics and in all the subsidies to economic activity. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351924 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351924 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351924/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4639.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351924 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loyat, Jacques Title: Politiques publiques et efficacité : en agriculture, une intervention nécessaire face à une logique de rente Abstract: This analysis tries to evaluate the effects of the reinforcement of the policy of direct agricultural subsidies on the structure of farm incomes and on the development of the differences which have resulted during the last 10 years in France. In 1990-91, 80% of the farms received a direct subsidy of up to 26 600 F on average, 24% of the farming income. Subsidies play an increasing role in the make up of farm incomes for some categories of producers. In 1991, subsidies represented half of the income in mountain farming, 75% in cattle farming and 100% in sheep farming. Overall the subsidies have the effect of reducing the large differences in income between regions and types of production the rising of inequalities during the decade 1980-1990. The method of allocating subsidies which depends of the economic capacity of the farms limits their use to compensate inequalities. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351925 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351925 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351925/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4640.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351925 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delord, Bernard Author-Name: Hairy, Denis Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Author-Name: de La Villosoye, Jean Title: Les concours publics à l'agriculture française : structures et évolution Abstract: This article deals with the transformation of socio-structural policies in the EEC, through the study of agricultural budgets in the EAGGF (79-91) and the study of some national budgets. The two motors of the policy changes were the rising hegemony of market constraints and the enlarging of the EEC. The socio-structural policies have thus evolved from the encouragement of productive development towards an effort to maintain the cohesion of an heterogeneous EEC. But this policy of cohesion comes up against unequal capacities for administrative and financial management in the member States. Examples are given for subsidies to investment and for LFA. More generally, the authors point out the considerable autonomy of national policies, both in the use of Community regulations as well as in the application of national measures. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351926 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351926 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351926/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4642.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351926 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Title: Aides directes et disparités de revenus agricoles Abstract: The Common Agricultural Policy is based on the principle of uniform agricultural prices, as stated in Ecus, throughout the Community. Whenever monetary realignments occur, the guaranteed prices are upset by diverging domestic trends. To smooth out these differences, since 1969, the currency parities used in setting farm prices (the so-called "green" rates of exchange) have been dissociated from the official exchange rates. This "green ecu" regime used to the accompanied by a system of monetary compensatory amounts (MCAs). That feature of the regime has been discontinued, but the "switchover" mechanism is still in force, i.e., a system whereby farm price floors are maintained at the old level in countries whose currency is revalued. This mechanism is inflationary and costly for the community budget, and tends to boost farm income to levels that overcompensate for any potential losses. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351927 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351927 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351927/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4643.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351927 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Author-Name: Bonnet, Annie Title: De la convergence communautaire à la cohésion des politiques nationales : le financement des politiques socio-structurelles dans la CEE Abstract: From 1990, farmer's social insurance contributions are depending more and more on their professional revenue, that is incometax return. This reform also let farm contribution rates to be identical with those in other economical sectors. Farm social prélèvements and others categories tend to be identical. As a result, taxes are growing, pressure are redistributed within regions and exploitations. On the whole, gap between the old system and the new one has disappeared in 1992. Nonetheless, significant disparities remain because of different processes in agricultural income-tax return. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351928 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351928 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351928/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4644.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351928 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madelin, Virginie Title: Prise en compte des effets agrimonétaires Abstract: The may 1992 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy aimed to put an end to the imbalances in the commodity markets caused by high farm price supports. In addition, the reform explicitly recognised agriculture's role in the management of the environment. Economic analysis shows that agriculture's effects on the environment, whether positive or negative, are generally neither rewarded nor rated by the market at their true value ; from an economic viewpoint, they can therefore be considered as not produced at their optimum social value. For each given objective -market regulation, social equity or environmental protections- there is an appropriate type of instrument. Environmental services have to be rewarded at their true value, either directly by users when possible or indirectly by public subsidies associated with specific counterparts. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351929 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351929 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351929/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4645.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351929 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Verdeaux, Claire Title: Revenu agricole et réforme des cotisations sociales Abstract: In spite of rapid changes, the development of systems including payments bounded with nature maintenance is still coming up against theoretical difficulties as soon as practical economical, juridical and social points, inherent in the innovating aspect of the way. The building of a true social planning for rural countries would however allow to remove a lot of obstacles. Volume: 220-221 Number: 351930 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351930 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351930/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4646.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351930 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madelin, Virginie Title: La rémunération des externalités positives Volume: 220-221 Number: 351931 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351931 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351931/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4648.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351931 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veron, François Title: Rémunérations liées à l'entretien de la nature Volume: 220-221 Number: 351932 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351932 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351932/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4649.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351932 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boisson, Jean-Marie Title: Efficacité, stabilité, équité : une nouvelle perspective pour les revenus agricoles en Europe Volume: 220-221 Number: 351933 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351933 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351933/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_220_1_4651.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351933 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Youcef Sebti (biographie) Volume: 222 Number: 351934 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351934 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351934/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4667.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351934 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Erratum Volume: 222 Number: 351935 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351935 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351935/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4668.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351935 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Editorial Volume: 222 Number: 351936 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351936 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351936/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4652.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351936 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cohen, Juliette Title: Nouvelle PAC et nouveaux projets d'irrigation Volume: 222 Number: 351937 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351937 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351937/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4912.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351937 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blaskovic, Hana Author-Name: Lefer, Henri-Bertrand Title: Les modèles de simulation technico-économiques comme méthodes d'analyse des impacts de différentes politiques agricoles Volume: 222 Number: 351938 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351938 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351938/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4913.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351938 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnet, Annie Title: Le paiement direct comme instrument d'une politique agricole en recomposition de la modulation d'une politique de prix de soutien a la compensation d'une politique d'ajustement Volume: 222 Number: 351939 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351939 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351939/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4914.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351939 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fouilleux, Ève Title: Effets redistributifs de la politique agricole commune Volume: 222 Number: 351940 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351940 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351940/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4915.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351940 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marlet, Hélène Title: Les marchés mondiaux céréaliers : évolution historique de leur structure et de leur formalisation théorique, et interrogation actuelle Volume: 222 Number: 351941 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351941 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351941/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4916.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351941 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mechineau, Virginie Title: Transferts publics à l'agriculture française 1987-1992 : recomposition des objectifs, instruments et modalités institutionelles de la politique agricole Volume: 222 Number: 351942 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351942 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351942/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4917.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351942 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trommetter, Michel Title: Irréversibilité et mesures agri-environnementales un modèle principal / agent Volume: 222 Number: 351943 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351943 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351943/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4918.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351943 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deybe, Daniel Title: Politiques pour une agriculture durable Volume: 222 Number: 351944 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351944 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351944/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4919.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351944 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Axes, Françoise Author-Name: Morardet, Sylvie Title: Impact économique de l'irrigation sur la production agricole : utilisation d'un systeme d'information géographique et de la télédétection Volume: 222 Number: 351945 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351945 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351945/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4920.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351945 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Babin, Didier Title: Contribution à l'étude d'une ressource naturelle renouvelable la pêche professionnelle en eau douce en France Abstract: This abstract presents an evaluation of the impact of the CAP reform on the investment decision in new irrigation équipement. Volume: 222 Number: 351946 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351946 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351946/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4921.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351946 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michalland, Béatrice Title: Evaluation de l'élasticité court terme de la demande en eau d'irrigation Abstract: In this paper, we present the interest of technical and economic simulation models to analyse agricultural policies impacts at a regional level. We consider here, the effects of the Common Agricultural Policy reform in the Beauce French region Volume: 222 Number: 351947 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351947 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351947/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4922.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351947 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madjid Bouzit, Abdel Title: Analyse de l'attitude face au risque des exploitants agricoles via le modèle d'utilité anticipée Abstract: The study of the financial transferts from the EC to european farmers over the past decade is particularly useful for understanding the redefinition of the CAP. Two points will be developed : the increase of direct compensatory payments linked to the importance of the product premiums (PDP) and the growth of regional aid. Volume: 222 Number: 351948 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351948 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351948/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4925.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351948 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kebe, Demba Title: Croissance démographique et intensification agricole au Mali. La modélisation technico-économique des systèmes agraires villageois Abstract: This study focuses on the notion of real economic transfers between the member states of the European Community (analysis of the period 1974 to 1991 and prospective analysis for 1996 and 1999). Volume: 222 Number: 351949 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351949 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351949/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4926.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351949 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madi, Ali Title: Politique agricole et élasticité de l'offre dans les exploitations de la zone cotonnière au Cameroun Abstract: This historical review of world grain markets organizations and regulation models aims to demonstrate the transition from an economic analysis to a political one as actors became dominating on prices and quantities, until reaching the final stage of managed trade. Volume: 222 Number: 351950 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351950 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351950/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4927.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351950 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Temple, Loïc Title: Impact des politiques de prix sur l'offre des cultures d'exportation et vivrières au Cameroun Abstract: The years 1987-1992 witnessed the diversification of the aims, instruments and politics offrench agricultural policy. This paper argues that this diversification does not represent a coherent long terme strategy. Volume: 222 Number: 351951 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351951 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351951/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4928.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351951 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Touzard, Jean-Marc Title: Crises sectorielles et dynamique régionale les recompositions de l'agriculture en Languedoc-Roussillon Abstract: With the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform in 1992, policy makers recognized the existence of positive externalities. We broached reflection on how to build an incentive policy concerning agro-environmental issues, taking into account the uncertainties and irreversibilities of different options. Volume: 222 Number: 351952 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351952 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351952/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4929.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351952 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wampfler, Betty Title: Dynamiques des systèmes productifs agricoles de moyenne montagne face à la politique agricole commune : le cas de l'Aveyron Abstract: This study of sustainable agriculture analyzes the problem of soil erosion in relation with different regulation and market intervention policies. Volume: 222 Number: 351953 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351953 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351953/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4930.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351953 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon, Françoise Title: La transition dans le secteur agro-alimentaire tchèque : de la propriété d'état à la propriété privée Abstract: This paper deals with a method to evaluate water requirements for irrigation at a regional level. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System are used to extrapolate micro-economic models built from representative areas. Volume: 222 Number: 351954 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351954 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351954/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4931.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351954 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phélinas, Pascale Title: Frontière agricole et évolution des modalités d'accès à la terre en Thaïlande Abstract: Concepts and pratices of farming system study are applied tofrench small-scale inland fischeries. The systemic approach is used to develop tools for acquisition, synthesis and representation knowledges. Volume: 222 Number: 351955 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351955 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351955/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4932.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351955 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramos, Luis Title: L'Etat, les agriculteurs et le corporatisme. Le paradoxe portugais Abstract: In order to choose an inciting rate for irrigation water, it is required to know the water demand elasticity. Using data of observed water consumption, we have tried to estimate the water short term elasticity. Volume: 222 Number: 351956 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351956 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351956/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4933.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351956 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sterkers, M. Author-Name: Teffène, O. Author-Name: Salün, Y. Title: Evolution structurelle et devenir des exploitations avec porcs et des élevages de porcs Abstract: This paper investigates the use of new development of the expected utility theory known as anticipated utility theory. An approach to estimate farmers' risk attitude is presented. Questionnaires are designed to elicite both the utility function and probability weighting function. Volume: 222 Number: 351957 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351957 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351957/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4934.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351957 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sans, Pierre Title: Relations entre industriels de la transformation et grande distribution le cas de la filière viande bovine française Abstract: The objectif of the study is to improve the unterstuning of the agricultural intensification process in south Mali, where the demographic growth and the improvement of livestocks exerce a very hard pressure on the natural ressources. Volume: 222 Number: 351958 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351958 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351958/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4935.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351958 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Souchard, Nadine Title: Le lait, un aliment "pur et nature" ! Histoire d'une enquête sénégalaise Abstract: The ajustment of agricultural supply in the cotton zone depends on the objective of production and the level of capitalization of farms. Nevertheless, in the case of the CFA devaluation, these farms can maintain the actual level of supply and even initiate a growth. Volume: 222 Number: 351959 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351959 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351959/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4936.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351959 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brandenbourg, Alfio Author-Name: Duarte-Ferreira, Angela Title: Les agriculteurs et leurs stratégies : la contractualisation vis-à-vis des agro-industries au Brésil Abstract: This research work uses linear programming technics to simulate the impact of a price change on revenues, factor productivity and supply response. Volume: 222 Number: 351960 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351960 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351960/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4937.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351960 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viala-Tavakoli, Sylvie Title: La restauration hors foyer : genèse et relations avec les IAA Abstract: This study characterizes the conditions of agricultural crisis in Languedoc-Roussillon and shows the specific part of the institutions in these transformations. Volume: 222 Number: 351961 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351961 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351961/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4938.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351961 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Durousset, Eric Title: Contribution à l'étude de l'environnement au niveau local l'érosion des sols viticoles en Saône-et-Loire Abstract: This study is an analysis of mountain agriculture transformation, face of the evolution of the common agricultural policy. Volume: 222 Number: 351962 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351962 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351962/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4941.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351962 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pesche, Denis Title: Les associations spécialisées entre unité paysanne et intérêts sectoriels Abstract: This research details, in the czech agrofood sector, the process of privatization and the first consequences regarding restructuration and tries to go into the new property relations. Volume: 222 Number: 351963 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351963 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351963/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4942.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351963 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debroux, Josette Title: La formation du groupe des paysans modernistes Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of the closing land frontier on the agrarian structure and the agricultural growth of Thailand. Volume: 222 Number: 351964 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351964 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351964/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4943.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351964 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sall, Babacar Title: Dynamique des normes agricoles et rationalités paysannes au Sénégal. L'exemple des maraîchers sous tutelle étatique Abstract: In this research, the author analysis the new relations between the State and the Portuguese farmers after the 1974's revolution. Volume: 222 Number: 351965 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351965 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351965/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4944.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351965 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chardon, Edith Title: Les conflits d'usages sur un territoire l'exemple de Saint-Viatre (Sologne) Abstract: Structural evolution offrench pig farming is analysed, with particular attention paid to the characteristics of pig units -depending on whether they are handed- on to a relative, taken-over by a third party, or closed down - and to the future of the swine herd in relation to whole farmer and farm destiny. Volume: 222 Number: 351966 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351966 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351966/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4945.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351966 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdelmalek, Ali Aït Title: La problématique de la médiation et de son application dans le champ des organisations agricoles : entre territoire et profession Abstract: The author studies the relationships between processing meat industries and modern form of distribution in France and some european countries. He analyses the "big distribution's" influence on cattle meat processing industries' changes. Volume: 222 Number: 351967 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351967 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351967/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4946.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351967 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Criton, Yves Title: Les coopératives artisanales en Vendée. La fin des artisans Abstract: The ensuing study derives from a collective analysis of dairy industrialisation schemes in Sahelian Africa. It treats of milk production and the part played by local beliefs in the frame of socio-economic changes. Volume: 222 Number: 351968 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351968 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351968/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4947.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351968 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Van de Walle, Isabelle Title: Salariat féminin et recomposition des solidarités familiales en agriculture Abstract: This paper studies the development of contract farming in pig production, a case study in south Brazil. The technological, commercial and organisational elements of the contracts are analyzed. It also examines the role of contract farming on family farms, the most usual in this type of relationship linking agriculture to industries. Volume: 222 Number: 351969 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351969 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351969/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4948.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Regnault, Pascal Title: Vivre de saisons Abstract: The disorganization of eating habits which results from the evolution of living conditions has encouraged the rapid growh of eating out. Industrialists, aware of the potentiel of this market are devising development strategies. Volume: 222 Number: 351970 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351970 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351970/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4949.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351970 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Derioz, Pierre Title: Basses et moyennes montagnes entre déprise et reprise l'exemple du Haut-Languedoc occidental Abstract: This research studies the pratices associated to a particular problem of environment geographicaly defined, the érosion of the wine growing soils and the flooding which result from it in Saône-et-Loire. Volume: 222 Number: 351971 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351971 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351971/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4950.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351971 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sahuc, Philippe Title: Services et solidarités sociales Abstract: This analysis of trade associations specialized by product aims to a better understanding of the links between two sets : ways of protecting specifics interest and trade societies with largescope. The understanding of their origin and of the development of this typical trade associations, especially about their connections with the building up of agricultural policies, should lead to a better appraisal of the ways by which interests of french farmers are defended among themselves. Volume: 222 Number: 351972 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351972 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351972/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4951.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351972 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ego, Edith Title: Le recours des PME aux activités de conseils. Une approche en termes de relation de services Abstract: The reason of this research is to analyse from a particular ground the mecanisms where by farmers were induced to consider themselves or to be considered as belonging to a new social group, to a new farmer elite in France at the beginning of the sixties. Volume: 222 Number: 351973 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351973 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351973/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4952.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351973 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Toublanc, Monique Title: L'Etat et les espaces abandonées. L'exemple des terrasses méditerranéennes Abstract: This thesis shows how on the basis of their beliefs senegalese peasants attempt to construct their own modernity by relying on the market, technic, institutional norms. Volume: 222 Number: 351974 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351974 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351974/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4953.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351974 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenny, Anne Title: Dynamique de l'emploi en zones rurales anciennement industrialisées. Analyse comparative Cévennes-Pays de Galles Abstract: The focus of this Ph.D Thesis in Rural Sociology is the evolution of specific types of local and social relations. The relations linked with the different conceptions towards land and the ways to acquire it, are studied through the analyse of territory usages. Resulting conflicts are regarded as punctual developers. Volume: 222 Number: 351975 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351975 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351975/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4955.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351975 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Meur, Pierre-Yves Title: Politique de la montagne et stratégies paysannes contradictions et complémentarités Abstract: This research tried to point the utmost importance from the analysis made by the APO and the Land Institutions actions. Volume: 222 Number: 351976 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351976 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351976/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4956.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351976 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ortar, Nathalie Title: Châteauneuf d'Entraunes des résidents secondaires en quête d'identité Abstract: This study in rural sociology trace the development of the craftsmen's co-operatives in Vendée. The main point is the contradiction between co-operatives and syndicates. Volume: 222 Number: 351977 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351977 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351977/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4957.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351977 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piveteau, Vincent Title: L'avenir à long terme des zones rurales fragiles apport des jeux de prospective à la réflexion stratégique Abstract: In agriculture, women salaried employment does not entail the disappearance of the family solidarities. On the contrary, new forms of solidarities are found wich attest the links between the self-employment sector and the salaried one. Volume: 222 Number: 351978 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351978 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351978/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4958.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351978 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Naëlou, Anne Title: L'expertise à l'œuvre dans la politique communautaire de développement Abstract: This study in labour sociology analyses the role and the function of the seasonal worker in the vegetable canning industry in Brittany. Volume: 222 Number: 351979 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351979 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351979/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4959.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351979 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simantov, Albert Title: Le développement des pays du Tiers-Monde et l'agriculture européenne Abstract: This geographical study shows about High-Languedoc the existence of simultaneous trends of decline and recovering in agriculture. It also analyses spatial and paysagistic consequences of these dynamics. Volume: 222 Number: 351980 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351980 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351980/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4664.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351980 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Splendeur et misère de l'économétrie Abstract: Starting from personal working as a letter carrier in the mountains of Pyrénées, this study allowed to mix research after consequences of isolation, after public utility evolution and for the way to support local dynamics. Volume: 222 Number: 351981 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351981 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351981/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4665.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351981 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Title: Bowler I.R., Bryant C.R., Nellis M.D. (Ed.). - Contemporary Rural Systems in Transition Abstract: This research analyses the need for external consultants in small and medium sized food firms as well as the social and economical relationships which take place between these two actors of demand and supply. Volume: 222 Number: 351982 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351982 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351982/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4666_t1_0052_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351982 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Collectif Larousse. - Histoire économique XVIII-XXe siècles. Sous la direction de Philippe Margairaz. Abstract: This sociological study is a detailed analysis of the emergence and the progress of a public action on old agricultural spaces today neglected , the cultivated terraces. Volume: 222 Number: 351983 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351983 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351983/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4666_t1_0053_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351983 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hervieu, Bertrand Title: Collectif Larousse. - La Sociologie. Sous la direction de Karl M. Van Meter, préface de Jean-Michel Berthelot. Abstract: The study looks at the chances for renewal of old industrial and remote rural areas within the context of the new world economic system. Volume: 222 Number: 351984 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351984 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351984/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4666_t1_0054_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351984 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Collectif Larousse. - Villes et civilisations urbaines. Sous la direction de Marcel Roncayolo et Thierry Paquot Abstract: Faced with the common agricultural policy characterized by prices oneness, alpin farmers have been trying to balance out the negative productivity differential that put them at a disadvantage by bringing into play complex strategies based on cheese production development and pluri-activity. Volume: 222 Number: 351985 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351985 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351985/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4666_t1_0055_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351985 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Russel C. Muchow et Jennifer A. Bellamy. - Climatic Risk in Crop Production : Models and Management for the Semi arid Tropics Abstract: This is the presentation of the first results of a study about the second homes ins a non touristic village in the Alpes-Maritimes. Home, family and sociability are the main topics. Volume: 222 Number: 351986 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351986 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351986/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4666_t1_0056_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351986 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: M. Aymard, C. Grignon et F. Sabban (sous la direction de). - Le temps de manger Abstract: Sustainable development of less favoured areas is a very high stake for next decades. Allowing such a political trend needs new integrated methods. This study investigates possibilities provided by policy exercises. Volume: 222 Number: 351987 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351987 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351987/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4666_t1_0057_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351987 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: B. Perret et G. Roustang. - L'économie contre la société (affronter la crise de l'intégration sociale et culturelle) Abstract: This sociology analyses in detail the genesis and the strategies of international expertise in the European construction context, giving particular attention to the Community Development Policy in Latin American countries. Volume: 222 Number: 351988 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351988 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351988/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_222_1_4666_t1_0059_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351988 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Roland Maspétiol, une figure marquante de l'Economie Rurale Volume: 223 Number: 351989 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351989 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351989/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4669.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351989 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Title: Avant-propos Volume: 223 Number: 351990 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351990 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351990/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4671.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351990 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tracy, Michaël Title: L'esprit de Stresa Abstract: The Stresa Conference of 1958, between the first six Member States of the European Community, was the first step in formulating the common agricultural policy. Its conclusions contained valid principles, which were subsequently forgotten. In 1992, a fundamental reform of the CAP became necessary. This has its positive aspects, but it raises the total cost of the CAP, worsens its administrative complexity and risks encouraging the temptation for "renationalisation". And to conform with the cuts in exports required by the Uruguay Round, further constraints are likely to be needed... Volume: 223 Number: 351991 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351991 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351991/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4672.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351991 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cavailhès, Jean Author-Name: Detang-Dessendre, Cécile Author-Name: Goffette-Nagot, Florence Author-Name: Schmitt, Bertrand Title: Analyses des évolutions récentes de l'espace rural Abstract: The paper proposes an economic analysis of the french "rural renaissance". In a first time, residential and occupational mobility and commuting systems are examined within a microeconomic framework. Agriculture is being cut back while rural industry remains stable. Demand for residential, recreational and environmental rural goods is growing. The analysis is conduced by developing the comparative advantage concept (local resources, transport costs, spatialized production and consumption functions). Then a keynesian mechanism of employment inducement within market areas is called upon to explain the distribution of activities. These changes suggest new structures for local labour market areas that are spatially and hierarchically polarised. Volume: 223 Number: 351992 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351992 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351992/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4673.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351992 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olof Persson, Lars Author-Name: Westholm, Erick Author-Name: Blanc, Michel Title: Vers une nouvelle mosaïque de la Suède rurale Abstract: The aim of the paper is to approach a better understanding of the complexity of contempory rural change. One theme is the impact of policies ; the traditional rural policies and the state budget in general. It is argued that, in the Swedish case, the general welfare model has had a major redistributional but largely uninentional effect in favour of peripheral regions. Rural change, however, cannot be comprehended from policy alone. A cluster of economic and social changes are operating at different levels affecting the various kinds of rural areas. A better understanding of the processes at work can be achieved by identifying the different needs and actvitées of the emerging types of rural inhabitants. We have chosen to focus on crucial resources, leading policy and critical networks. Volume: 223 Number: 351993 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351993 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351993/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4674.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351993 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josling, Tim Title: La réforme de la PAC et son importance pour les pays industrialisés Abstract: CAP reform has important implications for relations with countries outside the Commity. As a result of reform, the EC has found it possible to negociate new rules on agricultural trade in the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations. The MacSharry compensation payments are sufficiently decoupled to fit into an "allowable" category of domestic policies, protected from challenge by trade partners. Tying compensation payments to hectares used, rather than output, should decrease yields. Breaking the link between farm output and income support brings the Community into line with a number of other countries. Volume: 223 Number: 351994 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351994 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351994/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4675.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351994 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Derioz, Pierre Title: Arrière-pays méditerranéen entre déprise et reprise : l'exemple du Haut-Languedoc Occidental Abstract: This geographical study about High-Languedoc, based on large scales of investigation (district, farming concern, parcel), shows the ambiguity of fallow lands, because of their possible functions and their transitory character. The study insists on the existence of simultaneous trends of decline and recovering in agriculture. The long duration took by the phenomenon - still working - of extinction of farming concerns without anyone to take them over, like the diversity and the internal fragilities of the opposite dynamics (concerning AOC viticulture, or "extensive" cattle breeding), also the intervention of many non-agricultural social actors, complicate the prospective approaches of land-uses and evolution of the rural landscapes. Volume: 223 Number: 351995 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351995 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351995/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4677.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351995 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dominguez, Caroline Title: Nouvelles articulations entre petite agriculture et agro-industrie. Le secteur tabacole à Misiones (Argentine) Abstract: This paper illustrates organisational aspects of changing relationships between agriculture and agro-industry in the tobacco sector of Misiones, a region of small family farms in North-East Argentina. Institutional economics theory is used to explain how various institutions attempt to control tobacco growing and regulate competition in the interests of quality. A key figure, the instructor, plays a crucial role in these regulating mechanisms at the interface between producers and tobacco companies. This role is analysed in more depth to illustrate the technical, social and economic dimensions of the change to a new model of development in the tobacco sector. Volume: 223 Number: 351996 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351996 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351996/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4678.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351996 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon, Françoise Title: La transition dans le secteur agro-alimentaire tchèque : de la propriété publique à la propriété privée Abstract: After describing the privatization process and its first results, we study its impact regarding restructuration, in the example of the agrofood sector. In this paper, we develop the conditions of this restructuration by new property rights and consequences of changes in socio-economical relations. These changes are dominating and lead the manager and not the owner to restructure. Volume: 223 Number: 351997 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351997 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351997/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4679.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351997 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: En marge de l'idéal professionnel : les installations hors DJA Volume: 223 Number: 351998 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351998 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351998/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4968.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351998 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ourliac, Guy Title: La dotation aux jeunes agriculteurs. Mesure d'incitation ou de dissuasion? Volume: 223 Number: 351999 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.351999 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/351999/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4681.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:351999 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rémy, Jacques Title: Complément bibliographique Volume: 223 Number: 352000 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352000 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352000/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_223_1_4682.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352000 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Title: Editorial Volume: 224 Number: 352001 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352001 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352001/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4683.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352001 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourget, Bernard Title: Avant-propos Volume: 224 Number: 352002 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352002 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352002/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4685.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352002 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahrens, Heinz Title: La politique agricole allemande entre réunification et réforme de la PAC Abstract: As a consequence of the accession of eastern Germany to the Federal Republic, the structure of german agriculture has changed considerably. It is shown that this has led to a partial modification of the instruments and philosophy of german agricultural policy: the traditional, "socially " oriented structural policy favouring the low-income farms was partly dismantled to the extent that the special support of small farms discriminated against larger farms, there is a new orientation towards structural change and pruductivity. On the other hand, the global income supporting approach that is in favour of quantitative restrictions within the CAP, instead of price liberalisation, has been maintained. Thus the new german agricultural policy improves competitiveness without increasing competition. This may be beneficial to French agriculture. Volume: 224 Number: 352003 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352003 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352003/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4686.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352003 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chevassus, Emmanuelle Author-Name: Gallezot, Jacques Title: Les spécialisations agricoles et agro-alimentaires de la France et de l'Allemagne. Concurrences ou complémentarités Abstract: Our purpose is to understand the situation of France and Germany in the european market integration of agricultural and agrofood products during the eighthies. Do we observe a reinforcement of the specializations or, on the contrary, are the national productions more and more rival? To answer these questions, we study on one hand the differences and similarities in export and import structures of member countries and on the other hand the performances of these countries on the european markets. Volume: 224 Number: 352004 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352004 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352004/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4687.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352004 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Revel, Alain Title: Table ronde : Jusqu'où doit aller la construction européenne Volume: 224 Number: 352005 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352005 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352005/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4688.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352005 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wehrlin, Anne Title: La politique agricole allemande en mouvement : le chemin de l'avenir Abstract: While not affecting its place within the national economy, reunification deeply modified the german agriculture internal structure. In this volatile context, the national agricultural policy is going to be renovated. Farms are modernized, while market policies are continuated without significant changes. Public interventions in agriculture are more complex, because institutional and financial landers competences are reinforced. As a consequence, contrasted policies are operated in the various parts of the country. Volume: 224 Number: 352006 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352006 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352006/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4689.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Author-Name: Roze, Bernard Title: Les revenus agricoles négatifs Abstract: Negative farm incomes are widespread because of production and price instability, but do structural factors also play a role? On average, net farm income was negative over four years in one in nine individual farms according to special FADN data for the years 1987 - 1990. The average loss was FF 134,000. However, this does not always mean financial hardship: the farm-family unit as a whole may be solvent. Nonetheless the farm's ability to survive is threatened. Volume: 224 Number: 352007 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352007 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352007/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4690.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352007 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugon, Philippe Title: Instabilité et organisation des filières coton en Afrique Abstract: The successfull experimentation of « network restructuration » such as the cotton operation since 1986 mean that the organisation and the institutions play a great role in the development. Therefore the question would be less to work again on the market rules in face of the state distorsions than to make efficient organisation appear that would allow learning by doing. This article set out some contribution of the institutionnal « meso economy » as far as networks are concerned and secondly see the application to the cotton network in Africa. Volume: 224 Number: 352008 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352008 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352008/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4691.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352008 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lefer, Henri-Bertrand Author-Name: Blaskovic, Hana Title: Les modèles de simulation technico-economiques comme méthode d'analyse des différentes politiques agricoles Abstract: Facing new policy resulting from CAP reform, common management analysises, based on a complete entreprise development pattern rigidity, are mainly useless. Traditional economical tools are exposed to some limits. So, we purpose here, a methodology focusing onto linear programming associated to the plant growth simulation program Epic (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator). Aim is to simulate productor behaviour : technical and economical adaptability facing various agricultural policy orientations. A first simulation has been drawn in cereal production farm in Beauce. Our concerns are to compare Mac Sharry reform effects with latest CAP system. Volume: 224 Number: 352009 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352009 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352009/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4692.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wampfler, Betty Title: Recomposition des systèmes agricoles de moyenne montagne. Mutations et perspectives. Le cas de l'Aveyron Abstract: The debate about the functions of agriculture wich set an competitiv agriculture against a "different agriculture", is re-actualized by the reform of European Politic of Agriculture. This question is still more important in less favourized areas. This study in focused of the transformation of farming systems of such areas face of the agriculture crisis and the reform of European Politic of Agriculture. Volume: 224 Number: 352010 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352010 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352010/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4693.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352010 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maraveyas, N. Author-Name: Duquenne, Marie-Noëlle Title: L'agriculture grecque dans le processus d'intégration européenne Volume: 224 Number: 352011 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352011 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352011/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4695.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352011 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Pouch, Thierry Title: Réponse au point de vue de Jean-Marc Boussard sur « Splendeur et misère de l'économetrie Volume: 224 Number: 352012 Year: 1994 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352012/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_224_1_4697.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352012 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andlauer, Philippe Author-Name: Le Cacheux, Jacques Author-Name: Schmitt, Bertrand Title: Avant-propos Volume: 225 Number: 352013 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352013/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4700.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352013 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greffe, Xavier Title: Aménagement du territoire ou aménagement du milieu ? Abstract: Does the french debate on territorial management will solve rural problems ? This is very controversial. The french public policy is here still dealing with and old reference : the spatial redistribution of financial resources, whereas it should consider the challenge of creating new activities. It seems therefore more relevant to first define the local conditions for development and to know then if they are spontaneously enforced or not on relevant territories. In this perspective, territorial management is a public policy for empowering the rural territories. News services for enterprises and households are the cornerstone of this new perspective. Volume: 225 Number: 352014 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352014/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4701.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Gléau, Jean-Pierre Title: La répartition des hommes, des activités et des richesses sur le territoire national Abstract: The big cities, and especially the biggest of them -the urban area of Paris- attract more and more people, economic activities and wealth. The inhabitants frequently settle a few miles away from the center of the city. Thus, they hope to benefit from an urban way of life in the countryside, but jobs still remain in the city, and continue to disappear from rural areas. The regions which include the biggest towns (Paris, Lyons, Marseilles) are those sharing the strongest growth in population and employment. The concentration of people in the Ile- de-France is rather an old story dating back, more than a century now. The relative stabilization of population levels in this region for thirty years has been the result of two movements : a huge flow of young people coming from their regions to find a job, and an important flow of elderly people going back to these regions, when they retire. These two population flows are almost equal in size; but they create a demographic and economic dynamism favourable to the Ile-de-France. The mechanism of the demographic growth of the Rhône-Alpes and the ProvenceAlpes-Côte-d'Azur regions is rather different. These three regions account for a large share of the production of wealth in France. The redistribution of this wealth is made through a complex system of transferts, working mainly in favour of the rural areas or of those regions who suffer from economic problems. Thus available household income is slightly less unequally distributed than domestic product. Volume: 225 Number: 352015 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352015/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4702.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352015 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Courlet, Claude Title: L'industrialisation en milieu rural Abstract: This paper studies the rural industrialization. It shows that this phenomena has been under-estimated from Industrial Revolution to a period recent. This is followed by an analysis of the principals forms of rural industrialization : the diffuse industrialisation and the more recent news dynamics of small Industrial Firms in the rural world. The paper concludes by referring to some advantages of rural world in comparison to transformations currents of productive economy. Volume: 225 Number: 352016 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352016/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4703.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352016 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bontron, Jean-Claude Title: La contribution de l'agriculture à l'emploi dans les zones rurales Abstract: When assessing the impact of agriculture to employement, only considering the number of directly employed workers is not sufficient. In this paper, the notion of «agriculture related workers» is identified. These workers have employement in non agricultural, but agriculture related industrial or tertiary activities. During the last 15 years, many such workplaces have been created, mainly by food industries and food services. In that sens, and because of its periphery, agriculture remains the head of rural economy in many french departments (i.e. districts). Volume: 225 Number: 352017 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352017/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4704.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe Author-Name: Capt, Danièle Title: Les agriculteurs face à la nouvelle PAC. Quelles perspectives pour quels territoires ? Abstract: Against a background of saturated agricultural markets, farmers are adapting their systems of production. Within the context of Common Agricultural Policy reform, we examine here some types of structural adaptation which have repercussions on land use : (I) extensification of livestock systems, (II) diversification from farming towards agro-tourism, (III) the processing of farm produce and direct sale to consumers, and (IV) enhancement of the production of local produce on a collective basis. To make a proper assessment of the prospects for such adaptations, we need to consider not only the questions they raise from the standpoint of the way farms are operated, but also the position of other agents in terms of supply, and changes in demand in the sectors of activity concerned. Volume: 225 Number: 352018 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352018/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4705.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352018 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daucé, Pierre Title: Introduction au débat Volume: 225 Number: 352019 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352019/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4706.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352019 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hervieu, Jean-François Title: Rôle et place de l'agriculture dans l'aménagement et le développement des territoire Abstract: In recent years the problem of territorial balances was highlighted by the political debates, so much so that town and country planning seems to have regained the national dimension it had lost since about two decades. Curiously however the resulting considerations and proposals seem far too much not to take into account rural areas and still less agriculture.Yet, the various evolutions of the first ones are at the origin of the current debates and agriculture remains the activity using the main part of rural land. Having analysed the major changes of rural territories, this contribution intends, on the basis of the discussions initiated by the Permanent Assembly of Chambers of Agriculture, to define the double part agriculture will have to play in the future, so as the conditions required for agriculture to occupy its due place in the town and country planning. Volume: 225 Number: 352020 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352020 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352020/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4707.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352020 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jazra-Bandarra, Nelly Title: Spécificité du développement rural Abstract: The basic question concerns the place of rural development en relation to agricultural development first, then em relation to regional and local development. Rural development answers to specific situations and needs in rural areas. It concerns mainly regions where agriculture used to have a major role that it cannot fulfill anymore, both for job creation and planning of land use. Rural development programmes, cofinanced by Community funds, try to launch a new dynamic in rural areas, not being limited to the improvement of conditions of production and marketing of agricultural products, but diversifying activities towards other sectors and ensuring services and support to maintain good conditions of life, not excluding an inevitable dependency of rural areas towards urban areas for different services. Some rural areas have stabilised or even increased their population and foud new vocations, triying to answer to new needs of our society. They are supported in their actions, both by public intervention both at national and Community levels. Volume: 225 Number: 352021 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352021 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352021/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4708.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352021 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Collomb, Philippe Title: Démographie mondiale : La conférence internationale du Caire Volume: 225 Number: 352022 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352022 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352022/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4709.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352022 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Title: Le discours de la méthode Volume: 225 Number: 352023 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352023 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352023/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4711.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352023 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paquotte, Philippe Title: Véronique Van Tilbeurgh L'huitre, le biologiste et l'ostréïculteur, lectures entrecroisées d'un milieu naturel Volume: 225 Number: 352024 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352024 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352024/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4712_t1_0045_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352024 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Author-Name: Tesnière, Christophe Title: Créer des indicateurs ruraux pour étayer la politique territoriale Volume: 225 Number: 352025 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352025 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352025/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4712_t1_0045_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352025 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Zimbawe's agricultural revolution Rukiini, Mandivamba, et Carl K. Eicher Volume: 225 Number: 352026 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352026 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352026/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4712_t1_0046_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352026 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Hervé Le Bras Les limites de la planète. Mythes de la nature et de la population Volume: 225 Number: 352027 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352027 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352027/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4712_t1_0047_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352027 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 225 Number: 352028 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352028 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352028/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4972.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352028 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Le Cacheux, Jacques Title: Avant-propos Volume: 226 Number: 352029 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352029 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352029/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4714.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352029 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herzog, Colette Title: Etat des lieux : Les grandes tendances des échanges internationaux Volume: 226 Number: 352030 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352030 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352030/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4715.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352030 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Siroën, Jean-Marc Title: Le multilatéralisme, l'organisation mondiale du commerce et l'Union européenne Abstract: The function of GATT was to lay down rules for a co-operative order between countries. This task became more difficult to comply. Thus the Uruguay Round arrangement will be weakened by antidumping or countervailing measures and quantitative bilateral arrangements (even forbidden). The new World Trade Organization will not be able to work efficiently. It will not prevent the countries from discriminatory measures used by the most powerful members. The European Union will have to conduct a consistent strategy for convincing the other members to adopt a co-operative attitude which should be compatible with the respect of national sovereignties. Volume: 226 Number: 352031 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352031 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352031/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4716.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352031 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phan, Duc-Loi Title: Les théories du commerce international. État actuel des connaissances et controverses Abstract: We present a summing up of the state of the art in this field, by first recalling the principal results provided by traditional theories. These results are then confronted with those obtained from the recent theoretical developments which reflect a renewed vision of markets and products, and of the role attributed to consumers', firms', and also to the government's behavour which provides arguments for strategic trade policies as opposed to the traditional optimal policy intervention. We conclude in assessing the chance of success of such strategic trade policies in the world market. Volume: 226 Number: 352032 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352032 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352032/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4717.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352032 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernis, Gérard de Title: Faut-il réguler le libéralisme? Abstract: The study of capitalism history shows that periods when free trade and state unintervention theories are developing are periods of crises in social organization of capital accumulation. Then follows a new period of theoretical proof of the utility of institutional regulating interventions when a new order in social organization of capital accumulation is established. The analysis of the two periods of non interference policy during the last third of the XIXth century and between the two world wars realised in this paper illustrate this thesis. The effects of international competition and of technological changes resulting induce a new period of instability at the end of this XXth century. Theories of laisser-faire developing today are the results of this new situation. Does an issue exist to the actual crises, and what issue ? The question following is to know who is today in position to hold the power to reduce the uncertainty and to lay down new social rules for the organization of a new capital accumulation process, in a global world exchange system. Volume: 226 Number: 352033 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352033 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352033/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4718.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352033 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Title: L'accord de Marrakech : du conflit à la coopération entre l'Union Européenne et les États-Unis Abstract: The major geopolitical characteristic of the aftermath of the Uruguay Round is the esistence of an Euro-American cooperation. Trough informal arrangements, it covers all the practical problems arising from the Marrakech agricultural agreement enforcement. This reconciliation is a consequence of the similarity of agricultural situations on both sides. But its future is still uncertain. Because it is founded on a partial compromise, only centered on the homogénéisation of national agricultural policies, the US/EC alliance is fragile. Between cartel and competition, both the US and the European union are deprived of any new project regarding the world agricultural markets organization. Volume: 226 Number: 352034 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352034 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352034/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4719.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352034 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehier, Claude Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Multilatéralisme et organisation économique régionale en Afrique francophone Volume: 226 Number: 352035 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352035 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352035/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4721.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352035 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Title: Les réflexions à propos des travaux du Groupe de Seillac Volume: 226 Number: 352036 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352036 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352036/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4723.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352036 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simantov, Albert Title: L'intervention de l'État, équité et cohésion sociale Volume: 226 Number: 352037 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352037 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352037/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4725.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352037 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Lucien Bourgeois Politiques agricoles Volume: 226 Number: 352038 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352038 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352038/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4726_t1_0051_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352038 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Hélène Delorme • Denis Clerc Un nouveau Gatt? Les échanges après l'Uruguay Round Volume: 226 Number: 352039 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352039 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352039/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4726_t1_0051_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352039 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abramovay, Ricardo Title: Jacques Chonchol Sistemas agrarios en America latina. De la etapa prehispánica a la modernización conservadora Volume: 226 Number: 352040 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.352040 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/352040/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4726_t1_0052_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:352040 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Chia, Eduardo Author-Name: Marshall, Éric Title: Les agriculteurs et leurs pratiques de trésorerie Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 161 Number: 354002 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354002 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354002/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3047.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354002 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 161 Number: 354003 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354003 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354003/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_3048.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354003 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: L'élevage industriel. Aspects juridiques et économiques Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 161 Number: 354004 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354004 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354004/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_4960_t1_0055_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354004 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Eugen Weber. — La fin des terroirs Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 161 Number: 354005 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354005 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354005/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_4960_t1_0057_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354005 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Jean Robert Pitte. — Histoire du paysage français. Tome 1 : Le Sacré, de la préhistoire au 15e siècle ; tome 2 : le profane du 16e siècle à nos jours Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 161 Number: 354006 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354006 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354006/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_161_1_4960_t1_0058_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adair, Philippe Title: Développement endogène et technologies appropriées en milieu rural Abstract: Self-reliance and appropriate technologies in rural areas - Self-reliant development and appropriate technologies as interconnected notions emphasize the satisfaction of basic needs in rural areas, opposite to mimic growth exclusively based on transfer. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 162 Number: 354007 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354007 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354007/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3050.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354007 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Assouline, Gérald Title: Bio-énergie et développement agro-industriel, formes d'organisation et stratégies Abstract: Bioenergy and agro-industrial development, methods of organization, and strategies - In USA, bioenergy inserts in the biotechnologies and bioindustry growth movement. In Brazil, the important state intervention inside the agro-energetic system induces the immédiat bioenergy development. But can bioenergy be another thing than an agro-industrial strenghtening factor ? Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agribusiness Volume: 162 Number: 354008 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354008 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354008/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3051.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354008 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Balle, Gérard Title: Elaboration d'un plan de développement « Jeunes bovins » Abstract: Designing a development scheme of young bulls - In the area of Pays de Loire, using the increase of the drawplate: output, transformation, trade of young bulls, la CANA, first agricultural cooperative which is hightly specialized in bovine meat, hat designed a development scheme allowing to keep the balance of farm lands and employment in the area. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 354009 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354009 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354009/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3052.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benoit-Cattin, Michel Title: Economie des céréales dans le bassin arachidier au Sénégal Abstract: The grain economy of the senegal groundnut belt - Facing an increasing shortage of grains, agricultural research is mobilized to study technical and socio-economic problems. Economic research, initiated in 1975, has developped from the production level up to, at present, the marketing system level. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 354010 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354010 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354010/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3053.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354010 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bessirard, Claire Title: Comparaison internationale de prix et de revenus en agriculture Abstract: International comparison of agricultural prices and incomes - With the method of purchasing power, the comparison of the levels of agricultural prices and incomes in the E.C makes possible to give more rigorously the position of France towards its partners. Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 162 Number: 354011 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354011 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354011/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3054.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354011 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brondel, F. Author-Name: Denoroy, P. Title: Etude énergétique d'un canton de Grande Beauce du Loiret : Outarville Abstract: Study of energy in a small region (« grande Beauce) - Energy analysis in a small rural region: a tool for the control of energy consumption and for local organisation of biomass channels. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 162 Number: 354012 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354012/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3055.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354012 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cambier, Jean Title: Procès de la méthode des marges brutes Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 162 Number: 354013 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354013/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3056.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354013 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cavailhès, Jean Title: Evolution récente de l'agriculture : problématique et application au cas de l'Auxois Abstract: Rapports of production and evolution of agriculture - The functioning of the Law of value in agriculture. Study in a small area: The Auxois (Côte-d'Or) from 1945 to 1980. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 162 Number: 354014 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354014/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3057.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Combris, Pierre Title: Les caractéristiques des repas selon les groupes sociaux Abstract: Characteristics of meals of social groups - From an analysis of the datas of a survey on the meals of French people, this research reveals some informations concerning social differences of food practices especially of characteristics of meals, and of the kind of food used according to varied occasions. Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 162 Number: 354015 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354015/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3058.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354015 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cordier, Jean Title: Analyse ARIMA du vecteur prix (espace-forme) appliquée au marché du porc en France Abstract: Arima analysis of a competitive price vector applied to the hog sector in France - Summary : Structural analysis and performance analysis of an agricultural market through the study of simultaneous price variations in a separable system. Method and potential inferences. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 354016 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354016/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3059.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354016 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Couffin, C. Title: Comptabilité analytique budgétaire et comptabilité générale intégrée ou CPB Abstract: Accounting for management control (permanent budgetary control) - Management control implies both forecasting production and result objectives and processing the real data in order to compare them with the estimate, thus allowing an explanation of the differences between real and expected data. The accounting method improved with the help of the most modern electronic computers allowed to perform this control at the lowest cost and with a maximum of possibilities in the production of criteria in view of estimating the tecnical, economic, financial and social position of the farm. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 162 Number: 354017 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354017/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3060.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coujard, Jean-Louis Title: Reproduction et mobilité des structures de production (une approche « démographique » sur onze communes de la Woevre (1945-1979) Abstract: About demography of the "farm-family" system - Summary : Studying a multicommunal sample of farms allows, by linking four agricultural census, to show various forms of mobility (of which intensity is unexpected) of the "farm-family" system. Keywords: Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 162 Number: 354018 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354018/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3061.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354018 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dedieu, Benoît Title: Exode rural et mutations des systèmes de production ovins en Cévennes Abstract: Rural exodus and change in sheep production systems in cevennes - There are various ways in the appropriation of pastures that arefeeded by rural exodus. Labour is yet missing, valleys are under influence of other economical and social worlds. All these elements lead to changing but fragilized sheep production systems. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 354019 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354019/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3062.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354019 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Degand, J. Title: Etude du comportement de l'exploitation vis-à-vis des investissements dans l'exploitation agricole : le cas du plateau de Bastogne (Belgique) Abstract: Farmer behaviour towards investments in agriculture case study : plateau de Bastogne (Belgium) - Factor Analysis Model is built up to explain the behaviour of farmers towards investments. Taking over of a farm as a production unit assumes an opening to new production investments. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 162 Number: 354020 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354020 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354020/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3063.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354020 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Degand, J. Title: Simulation en avenir aléatoire. Application à l'exploitation agricole Abstract: Random simulation applied to the farm enterprise - Once averages, variances and covariances of crop yields are known, it is possible to generate through a simulation program a random distribution of the gross product of any farm enterprise. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 162 Number: 354021 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354021 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354021/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3064.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354021 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delahaye, Olivier Title: Réforme agraire et mercantilisation de la terre : le cas du Venezuela (1936-82) Abstract: Agrarian reform and land merchandization in Venezuela (1936-1982) - The agrarian reform in Venezuela can not be explained by its poor results concerning land distribution but by its essential role in the constitution of a national land market and particularly in the land merchandisation. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 162 Number: 354022 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354022 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354022/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3065.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354022 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Denisse, Claude Title: Activité économique et statut social des épouses d'exploitants agricoles en zone de polyculture élevage (le sud du Gers) Abstract: Economic activity and social status of agriculturists' wives in a zone of mixed farming (the southern Gers) - The function of the women's work in agriculture is analyzed from the datas of an inquiry. It is also shown that the status of a woman inside her family is significantly influenced by whether or not she inherited the lands. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 162 Number: 354023 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354023 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354023/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3066.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354023 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Draillard, France Title: Stratégies d'internationalisation des coopératives agro-alimentaires françaises Abstract: Internationalization strategies of french agri-food cooperatives - Analysis of the various strategies used, over the past ten year, by French farmers' cooperatives to enter into international trade. Performance and difficulties. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 162 Number: 354024 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354024 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354024/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3067.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354024 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Flichman, Guillermo Title: L'agriculture argentine dans le marché international Abstract: Argentine agriculture and world markets - After a long spell of stagnating agricultural exports, Argentine is gaining an important place on world markets. An analysis of the reasons for this come back. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 162 Number: 354025 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354025 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354025/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3068.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354025 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fourdrignier, Marc Title: Alliances et successions des agriculteurs dans un village du Nord au cours du 20e siècle Abstract: Farmers' unions and successions in a northern village - We analyse farmers' successions in a village with the lists of population censuses, during the 20th century. Principles of succession expound the strategies. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 162 Number: 354026 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354026 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354026/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3069.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354026 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gallezot, Jacques Author-Name: Nefussi, Jacques Author-Name: Persuy, P. Title: Analyse macroéconomique de la branche IAA depuis 1945 Abstract: Macroeconomic analysis of food industry since 1945 - Taking into consideration food industry as a full industrial sector, we show that the modifications of its productive apparatus find their roots in the transformation of the central accumulation regime after the war Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 162 Number: 354027 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354027 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354027/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3070.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354027 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greiner, Pierre Author-Name: Portier, J.M. Title: Une nouvelle approche statistique du revenu des agriculteurs : l'ERDEXA Abstract: A new statistical survey on farm incomes : ERDEXA - A statistical survey on receipts and expenses of farms (ERDEXA) is done each year by the SCEES to complete the knowledge of agricultural incomes given by the RICA . It uses a simplified methodology to record receipts and expenses. Asa part of general system called SIIFF these two surveys have a sample of 14 000 farms (9 000 ERDEXA + 5 000 RICA) describing correctly the whole French agriculture. The first results for 1981 seem to be of good quality and give a good knowledge of agricultural incomes. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 162 Number: 354028 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354028 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354028/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3071.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354028 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julla, B. Title: Caractéristiques comparées des filières viande bovine allemande et français Abstract: Compared characteristics of the german and the french agribusiness beef system - The bullmeat has permited the important development of the german beef production and thus the German Federal Republic is became a country which exports. This product has contributed too to organize an agribusiness beef system which is very similar of the french one. Keywords: Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 354029 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354029 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354029/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3072.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354029 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kalaora, Bernard Title: La forêt dans l'Orléanais : différents regards Abstract: Forest in Orleanais : confronting ideologies - To promote recreative ressources of the large Orléans forest is considered as a broadly shared target. But institutions and social groups take this question with different practices, ideologies and abilities. The local population are threatened to be forgotten. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 162 Number: 354030 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354030 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354030/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3073.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354030 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lambert, Jean-Louis Title: Etude socio-économique des comportements alimentaires des Français Abstract: Food practices of french people - Popular classes spare a lot of time to eat at minimal cost. The traditional upper middle class sticks to gastro nomical culture, whereas the new upper middle class is concerned primarily with nutritional balance. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 162 Number: 354031 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354031 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354031/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3074.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354031 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lapierre, Olivier Title: Hétérogénéité du produit et segmentation du marché : le cas de la luzerne déshydratée Abstract: Product variability and market segmentation : case of dried ALFALFA - Agricultural products variability may limit their sales. Through case of dried alfalfa, this study allows to analyse producers possibilities in order to reduce variability and, sometimes, in order to get advantages from it. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 162 Number: 354032 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354032 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354032/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3075.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354032 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lossouarn, J. Title: Rentabilité comparée des productions de taurillons et de bœufs Abstract: A cost and return comparison of bulls and steers productions - An experiment has been carried out in order to compare productions of young bulls and steers. Then, investigations were done to determine the costs and returns of each production. In France, the production of young bulls appears to be more profitable than steers one. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics Volume: 162 Number: 354033 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354033 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354033/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3076.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354033 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loupias, P. Author-Name: Jacobi, Daniel Title: La formation des salariés d'exploitations agricoles Abstract: Further education of farming workers - The evaluation admitted for workers is more the result of social and economical state than the result of acknowledgement of their own abilities. What are the conditions required to modify this state of things? Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Labor and Human Capital Volume: 162 Number: 354034 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354034 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354034/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3077.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354034 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: Mécanismes et limites des processus de spécialisation, diversification de l'espace rural Abstract: Processes of specialization/diversification in rural space: mechanisms and limits - Summary of a very large and complex research which purpose is to measure and to explain the mechanisms of specialization and diversification of rural space. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 162 Number: 354035 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354035 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354035/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3078.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354035 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, Philippe Title: Economie sociale et financement des coopératives agricoles Abstract: "Economie sociale" and financing of farmers' cooperatives - In agriculture, the "Economie Sociale" has an important cooperative component covering cooperatives proper and local and regional mutual credit banks (CAM). The legal, institutional and financial measures applied for "Economie Sociale" since the second half-year of 1981 hardly concern agricultural cooperatives. Cooperative banks play only a secondary role in the agricultural world, with the exception of the CAM who provides more than 90 % of the agricultural cooperatives' financing. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 162 Number: 354036 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354036 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354036/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3079.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354036 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ossard, Hervé Title: Systèmes de production de fruits en Tarn-et-Garonne Abstract: Summary : We regrouped the fruit farms of Tarn-et-Garonne around 3 poles: big specialized farms producing apples and pears, middle farms associating animal husbandry with plum trees and dessert grapes, little farms, owned by no full time farmer, producing dessert grapes. < Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 354037 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354037 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354037/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3080.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354037 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pautard, J. Title: Finances locales et aménagement de l'espace rural : le cas de l'Ille-et-Vilaine Abstract: Local finances and organization of rural space: the case of Ille-et-Vilaine - Several reforms concerned local finances. Many rural communes are now favoured. The newway of measuring fiscal potential per head of inhabitant shows that rich communes are not distributed at random. There are also great disparities between rates of professional taxe (TP). Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 162 Number: 354038 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354038 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354038/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3081.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354038 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peyon, Jean-Pierre Title: La coopération agricole en FFance, étude géographique des grands groupes coopératifs Abstract: French agricultural cooperation, a geographical research about the large cooperatives - In France the large agricultural cooperatives have a rising economical weight and influence the agricultural evolutions. But, contradictions and tensions with French peasentry are growing. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 162 Number: 354039 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354039 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354039/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3082.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354039 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Collomb, Philippe Title: Structure des prix agricoles européens et dépendance extérieure, approche générale et application aux substituts de céréales Abstract: Structure of european agricultural prices and dependence upon external markets - The specif ity of agricultural problems in industrial countries necessitates setting up a special protectionism in order to establish an internal price structure. This process is conducive to linking national markets within the broader frame of international exchanges, which in turn has a feedback effects on domestic markets, especially in the case ofeuropean cereal markets. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 162 Number: 354040 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354040 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354040/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3083.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354040 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Plet, Françoise Title: Les territoires des firmes de production de semences Abstract: Seed processors territories - Through the search of the most favourable growing places, seed plants set up production areas whose elements are scattered Within various agricultural spaces. Thereby they become an important agent of transformation in both agriculture and the interrelations between farmers in certain geographic areas. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 354041 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354041 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354041/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3084.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354041 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prod'homme, Jean-Pierre Title: Leaders agricoles et fonctionnement des organisations agricoles dans un département Abstract: Agricultural leaders and the working of professional organizations within a department - At the départemental level, the main professional agricultural organisations make up a system run by a small team of leaders holding several elective posts. There is a de facto sharing of responsibilities between these leaders whose task is to ensure the cohesion and continuance of the system and the executives who are entrusted with each organisation 's autonomy. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 162 Number: 354042 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354042 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354042/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3085.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354042 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quéré, François Title: La valorisation d'une étude sur les systèmes productifs laitiers dans l'Ouest Abstract: A study of dairy production systems in western France and its use - An extensive survey of dairy farms in western France led to the building of a typology showing great socio-economic differences between producers. It was helpfull for dairy coops to sharpen their policies and development strategies. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 162 Number: 354043 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354043 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354043/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3086.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354043 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rossier, E. Title: La traction chevaline, une ancienne formule pour un nouvel avenir Abstract: Horse traction: an old practice for a new future - Horse traction in France knows a recrudescence of interest. What are their technical and economic advantages and draw backs in our country or in developing countries? Can horse traction compete with mechanical traction? What part horse traction can play to day in agricultural systems in developed countries ? Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 162 Number: 354044 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354044 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354044/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3087.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354044 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmitt, Bertrand Title: La transformation d'espaces locaux et ses déterminants : le cas de villages lorrains Abstract: The transformation of rural space and its explanations - The transformation of space can be understand like "strategies" on the space. They are determined by the social position and the organization of productive spaces. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use Volume: 162 Number: 354045 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354045 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354045/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3088.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354045 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sévérac, Rémi Title: Le suivi analytique des parcelles de culture avec l'appui de la micro-informatique Abstract: The recording of analytical datas from parcels by microcomputer - The recording of analytical datas from parcels by microcomputer give accurate references on the farms. The knowledge of agricultural technics are better and it is possible to mesure the economic repercussion. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 162 Number: 354046 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354046 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354046/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3089.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354046 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvander, Bertil Author-Name: Lassaut, Bernard Title: Modes de consommation et caractéristiques du produit : le cas du poulet Abstract: Broiler consumption and products characteristics: convenience food are developping despite increasing price levels - The Development of broiler consumption depends on improvments of their convenient characteristics. When Life Conditions require changes in consumption patterns, Consumers with high and average income prefer these kinds of products, under the assumption they are satisfied with their quality. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 162 Number: 354047 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354047 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354047/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_162_1_3090.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354047 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinon, Pierre Title: Avant-propos Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 354048 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354048 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354048/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3092.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354048 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Villain, Claude Title: Crise de la PAC et PAC de crise Abstract: A general analysis of the european agricultural problems after the March 31, 1984 agreement. CAP'S crisis is caused by the evolution of the sector but also by failure to abide by its basic principles. In front of unsuperable budget difficulties a choice must be made between freedom to produce, with acceptation of market prices, or request for public support, with the counterpart of disciplin in production. The solution adopted safeguards as much as was possible producers' interests; they are assured to get a support price for quantities not exceeding the garantee thresholds. Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 354049 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354049 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354049/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3093.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354049 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meester, Gerrit Title: Une Communauté devenue exportatrice nette ; point de vue néerlandais sur l'avenir de la Politique Agricole Commune Abstract: The main problem of the CAP is that it was established for a net import situation, whereas the EC has become more and more a net exporter during the last 25 years. Therefore, the CAP must be reformed. Most pressure groups and policy makers in the Netherlands argue, in principle, for a more market oriented price policy with moderate price levels. Additional measures like the superlevy for milk are acceptable, but only temporarily. Keywords: International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 354050 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354050 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354050/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3094.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354050 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nielsen, A.Hjortshoj Title: Le Danemark et la Politique Agricole Commune Abstract: A general analysis of Danish agricultural policy before and after joining the EC. A period of strong optimism followed the entry. Higher EEC prices were integrated into increased land values. But market and price expectations soon appeared to be too optimistic. Danish agriculture went into an acute liquidity crisis, due to dramatic levels of indebtedness. A a rule, Danes would favour liberal policies on the long run. But the author is aware that short term obstacles are to be taken into account. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 354051 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354051 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354051/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3095.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354051 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tangermann, Stephan Title: Des objectifs pour l'agriculture européenne : le point de vue allemand Abstract: There is a long tradition of high price supports in German agricultural policy. The strong protection given to the farm sector is broadly accepted by most segments of society. Recently, farm incomes have significantly fallen in the FRG. Yet national expenditures for agriculture have decreased since the government wanted to reduce the federal budget deficit. Emphasis was more on income distribution within agriculture and on environmental aspects. The German government wishes that CAP reform does not bring about too strong a fall in farm incomes. At the same time, Germany has become very sensitive to its contributions to the EEC budget. This explains why the German government is very favourable to milk quotas. It also is the reason for opposing a reduction in the German positive MCAs. It may be, however, that the adoption of new green ECU linked to the Deutschmark, would only be an illusion. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 354052 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354052 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354052/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3096.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354052 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tarditi, Secondo Title: La crise de la PAC : un point de vue italien Abstract: Italian farm problems are very peculiar and diverse and there is no unanimous or even majority position on CAP reform. Italy is clearly a net loser in the intra-EEC balances of transfers, at least when non budget transfers are included. This is due to large high imports of milk, grain, meat. It would be in the interest of Italy to suppress MCAs; to refrain from setting up quotas, since most regions of the country will not begetting the advantages of having them ; to improve the distribution of farm credit and have loams computed in ECUs ; to develop structural measures. On account of administrative weaknesses it will be difficult for Italy to fully benefit from those policies. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 354053 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354053 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354053/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3097.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354053 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marsh, J.S. Title: Une perspective britannique sur la PAC Abstract: UK agriculture, and particularly its arable component, largely benefited from integration in the EEC. Productivity and self-sufficiency ratios have risen. The cost of food has however increased as high priced intra EEC trade replaced low priced traditional imports. The CAP also obliges UK to assume costly budget transfers and since farm structures are rather good, there are few community subsidies flowing in the other direction. This explains the strategy of development of production adopted in UK and the request for reducing UK contributions to the EEC budget. A more market orientated price policy is recommended. Quotas are criticized. Income supports and rescheduling of debts would be needed. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 354054 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354054 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354054/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3098.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354054 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coulomb, Pierre Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Title: L'agriculture française à l'heure de la croissance zéro Abstract: This paper is organized under three headings : the current farm crisis compared to that of the fifties and sixties; an analysis of the debates the EEC gives rise to in the farm organizations; the French policy in response to the crisis of the CAP. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 354055 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354055 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354055/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3099.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354055 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: De Mautort, Laurent Title: L'Europe. La division du travail inachevée Abstract: For the past ten years. Europe's global economic performances have been indifferent with slow growth, high unemployment, burdensome public expenses and various signs of inefficiency as compared to the US or Japan, particularly for industrial investments. To fight this progressive weakening of european industry more open intra-community trade would be useful, particularly in the field of public purchases and standards. A closer coordination of industrial strategies aiming at complementarities would also be needed. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 163 Number: 354056 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354056 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354056/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3100.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354056 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albecker, C. Author-Name: Lefebvre, Claire Author-Name: Rini, Gilbert Title: Maîtriser l'offre de lait : le cas français, à travers les simulations du modèle MAGALI Abstract: The MAGALI model was built mostly to test alternative price policies, their influence on supply of the various commodities. In the short-term, structural situations are rigid and constrain short-term supply. On account of the inertia of the French production setup, price policies appear poorly suited to bring about a rapid response to an over-supply. Drastic price reductions would be needed to obtain production adjustments within acceptable time-lags. Such reductions would often be politically unbearable on account of their income effects and they could durably affect the French production capacity. These policies are compared with production quotas in the case of milk. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 163 Number: 354057 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354057 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354057/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3101.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354057 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buchholz, H. E. Title: La réduction de l'offre de lait dans la C.E.E Abstract: The effects of the recent decisions concerning quantitative restrictions for milk output are analyzed on the basis of supply and demand prospections. Setting up of milk quotas will bring about a fundamental change in the milk market regulation. If quotas are maintened for a long period, there will be negative consequences for dairy farms, dairy industry, farm structures and consumers. On account of the size of current dairy surplusses rapid improvement of the budget crisis is impossible. Therefore no price increase can be considered for the moment. After some time production quotas should be abolished with the precondition that present support prices be retained. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 163 Number: 354058 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354058 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354058/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3102.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354058 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Hairy, Denis Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Crise laitière et quotas ; remarques sur la régulation communautaire du marché du lait Abstract: A survey of the history of Common dairy policy ; the developments European dairy production has induced a growing crisis. The quotas policy can be analysed as an apparently « neutral » compromise, but it can deeply change the previous dynamic of dairy production systems in France. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 354059 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354059 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354059/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3103.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354059 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harvey, D.-R. Title: Quotas négociables, politique de compensation et réforme de la PAC Abstract: A politically acceptable alternative to price reductions is to limit the commitment of support to a given production level, thus containing support expenditure. The market and price mechanism applied to saleable or tradeable quotas not only allows for flexibility in distribution of the quota, allocating quota to those who receive most benefit from the high support prices, but also establishes, through the market price of the quotas, the capitalised value of the market support over and above the «free market» output price. In so doing, any purchaser of quotas correctly compensates the vendor for giving up the right to produce at supported prices. In addition, the capitalisation of the support value in the quota price leaves the revenue, net of quota values, at a similar level to the free market net revenues, thus encouraging the efficient use of real ressources. A potential extension involves the support authorities progressively reducing the level of support commitment and simultaneously providing the appropriate compensation to producers by buying in quota levels. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 163 Number: 354060 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354060 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354060/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3104.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354060 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loseby, Margaret Title: L'ajustement de l'offre et de la demande sur les marchés des produits agricoles de la C.E.E. : le cas du secteur laitier Abstract: The problems of assessing both the extent and the cost of market imbalance are discussed, and the difficulties of reconciling national and Communauty policy objectives noted. With reference to the dairy industry, it is suggested that, in the absence of harmonization of economic policies in areas other than agriculture, measures to restrict supply should take into account the particular problems arising for countries where consumption exceeds production. Certain measures are proposed, which might be implemented in the context of a policy aiming to gradually reduce the level of public support in agriculture. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 163 Number: 354061 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354061 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354061/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_163_1_3105.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354061 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saccomandi, Vito Title: Le commerce international des produits agricoles de la C.E.E. : problèmes et stratégies futures Abstract: EC access to international markets of agricultural products will be in the coming years conditionned by three factors : reduction ofthe FEOGA-costs, accession of Spain to the EC and international position of the Common Market. With regard to imports two priorities appear evident. The first one deals with the reorientation of selling opportunities in the EC market, in order to favour some geographical areas (Mediterranean Basin, Africa). The second priority regards the search for a stabilisation of the food-feed situation of the Community (problem of raw materials for animal nutrition). With regard to exports, EC, together with the practice of restitution, should utilize credit as well as long term contracts. Creating a Community stock for cereals is also proposed as a contribution to world nutritional security. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 164 Number: 354062 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354062 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354062/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3107.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354062 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahrens, Heinz Title: Effets de la PAC sur les positions budgétaires et commerciales des pays membres de la Communauté européenne Abstract: The Common Agricultural Policy induces two types of income transfers between EC member countries: those which take place via the «agricultural budget» of the Community, and those which materialize through intra-community agricultural trade. Between 1976 and 1981, the development of the former was characterized by (a) a rapid rise in the positive transfer for France, and (b) a spectacular increase in the negative transfer for the Federal Republic of Germany and the UK. At the same time, the development of transfers through intra- community agricultural trade showed (1 ) a dramatic decline of the positive transfer (net exports) for France, (2) a spectacular fall in the negative transfer (net imports) for the UK and (3) a continuous transformation of the negative transfer into a positive one for the Federal Republic. It is shown that these developments were the logical result of certain tendencies and reactions in the system of real agricultural trade flows in intra-community trade and trade with third countries. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 354063 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354063 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354063/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3108.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354063 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Author-Name: Poupa, Jean-Claude Author-Name: Trochet, T. Title: Un protectionnisme plus équilibré : le FEOGA et la réforme de la PAC Abstract: The budgetary problems and the economic costs of CAP are due first to the level of protection provided to agriculture in the EEC but also to the heterogeneous protective structure and the distorted price ratios. It is argued that a more balanced protection inspired by the uniform tariff theory particularly on feed stuffs would be a step in the right direction in reforming the CAP: a more balanced protection is defined as lower protection for cereals, sugar and maybe some animal products and a protection similar to grain on oil meals and cereal substitutes. Political feasibility both internally and externally to EEC is sketched. A tentative numerical illustration is presented on the basis of a simple international agricultural trade model including EEC, centrally planned economies and the rest of the world. The FEOGA budget is quite sensitive to such changes in the external protection. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 354064 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354064 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354064/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3109.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354064 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernard, Jacques Title: Les effets redistributifs de la PAC Abstract: There are both visible and hidden flows between member countries related to the CAP. Visible flows come from the budget. But overall transfers for the economy are rather to be taken into account for a cost benefit analysis of every country's situation. This study is carried out for the five main agricultural products depending of the guarantee section of EAGGF, nine Member States - Greece being excepted -for the years 1974 to 1982. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 354065 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354065 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354065/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3110.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354065 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fischer, Georges Author-Name: Frohberg, K. Author-Name: Gulbrandsen, O. Title: L'agriculture dans un régime de libre-échange Abstract: The Food and Agriculture Program at the Institute of Applied Systems Analysis has over a number of years developed a large global model system with the purpose of studying agricultural policy issues. This article reports on preliminary findings of the economic and welfare effects of a general introduction of free trade. At free trade world market prices rise by 20 to 25 percent, as the downward pressure on these prices of protection is released. This triggers economic gains, particularly for developing countries and lowly protected developed countries, and a considerable expansion of world trade, particularly in animal products. Globa! welfare improves, but the poorest layers of the population in developing countries may suffer from the higher prices. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade Volume: 164 Number: 354066 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354066 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354066/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3111.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354066 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bartoli, Pierre Title: La politique viticolé communautaire, analyse et bilan Abstract: The main data of EC viticultural production ; the evolution of EC viticultural policy since 1970 ; the evaluation of the impact of her instruments by means of the examination of EAOGF wine expenditures ; the present debate about the transformations of this policy and the setting up of possible quotas in the sector. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 354067 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354067 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354067/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3112.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354067 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosenfell, Claude-Henri Title: Le financement de l'agriculture dans la CEE Abstract: The following article describes the financing conditions of farmers in the various EC Member States, as regards granting of public aid (with the exception of the market support expenditure) and extension of credit. After a brief presentation of the main determining factors specific to the industry, of the financing requirement of agriculture, it looks into capital grants systems and various ways of bringing down the cost of borrowing. The last part presents the main models of agricultural credit and types of loans available. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 164 Number: 354068 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354068 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354068/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3113.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354068 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertrand, Jean-Marie Author-Name: Chalmin, Philippe Title: Les mutations dans l'environnement international de la CEE sur les grands marchés des produits agricoles Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 164 Number: 354069 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354069 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354069/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3114.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354069 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Liste des communications de la Session, non publiées dans les numéros 163 et 164 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 354070 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354070 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354070/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3115.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354070 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valarché, Jean Title: A propos d'un article de J.-L. Coujard (Economie Rurale, n° 160). Réponse de J.-L. COUJARD Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 354071 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354071 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354071/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3117.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354071 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 164 Number: 354072 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354072 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354072/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_3118.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354072 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Séminaire de Ljubljana, 20-24 juin 1981. — Part-time farmers and their adjustment to pluriactivity. Compte rendu présenté par le Professeur Stane KRASOVEC Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 164 Number: 354073 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354073 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354073/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_4954_t1_0062_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354073 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: BLACT - GRET - CFECTI - SGAR-PACA*. — Politiques vivrières, dépendances alimentaires et développement. Collection des ateliers Technologie et développement Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 164 Number: 354074 Year: 1984 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354074 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354074/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1984_num_164_1_4954_t1_0063_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354074 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lauret, Frédéric Author-Name: Soufflet, Jean-François Title: Les marchés physiques et l'organisation des marchés Abstract: In France today, in the case of four groups of farm commodities (fruits and vegetables, flowers and ornemental plants, live animals and fish) physical markets remain the basis of price formation and the locus of effective competition. They are aforum for operators, provide a sensitive index of the state of supply and demand detect domination effects and are a springboard for entry into the field. They constantly remind firms, organizations and governments about economic reality. For perishables of varying quality and fluctuating supply physical markets are not likely to disappear. Their modernization is linked with the level of global regulation of the economy. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 165 Number: 354075 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354075 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354075/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3119.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354075 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vaudois, Jean Title: Marchés physiques et organisation du marché des fruits et légumes frais dans les pays de la C.E.E. Le rôle des marchés aux enchères dégressives Abstract: Dutch type auctions are becoming a major tool in fruit and vegetable market organization in Europe. Invented in the Netherlands at the end of the 19th century they expanded in that country, then in Belgium and more recently in France. They handle a growing share of the crops with ample variations between regions and types of products. While diversity in marketing channels remains justified in France to take care of local and regional differences, auctions appear, following the Benelux example, as a major tool for market operation improvement and orderly production. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 165 Number: 354076 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354076 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354076/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3120.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354076 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Opstelten, G. Title: L'organisation des producteurs et des marchés de fruits et légumes aux Pays-Bas : les "veilings" (marchés au cadran) Abstract: Auctions are cooperatives which sell fruits and vegetables over the auctionlock. This system can only be applied if there is a concentration of both supply and demand. The dependence of the dutch vegetable sector on exports has forced the auctions to answer the demands of the trade by a strong concentration of supply and by applying a number of marketing measures. Thanks to this policy the commercial position of the auctions towards even the largest buyers remains strong. The position of an auction towards Its membersdepends on the net price payed to the grower compared with net prices paid by other auctions. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 165 Number: 354077 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354077 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354077/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3121.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354077 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthews, Alan Title: La politique agricole commune et les pays sous-développés : un examen des faits Abstract: It is often stated that a reduction lathe level of agricultural protection in the EEC would have favourable effects on LDCs. Specific research attempting to measure those effects of protection through market share analysis or with partial equilibrium models shows diverging results and can be criticized on various grounds. On the whole a reduction in EC protection would have limited positive effects on some LDCs and nil or negative effects on others. (Ed). Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 165 Number: 354078 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354078 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354078/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3122.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354078 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albecker, C. Author-Name: Lefebvre, Claire Title: Un modèle économétrique de l'agriculture française (MAGALI) Abstract: MAGALI is an econometric model for French agriculture designed for mid-term agricultural policy analysis. It provides explanation for supply of 27 agricultural products, their corresponding inputs and farm accounts, in order to determine farm income level. It also describes structural change of the agricultural sector through demography and investment. The main characteristics of the French farm sector evolution are well-known. The sluggish growth of the seventies has resulted in low investment, slow growth of individual income, and even decrease of total farm sector income, since 1977. Several explanations can be put forward : general economic conditions, worsened by weather accidents, or structural unfitness of French agriculture to market et requirements. Trough dynamic simulations on the past, MAGALI can try to distinguish these various effects. These simulations should clearly point out that MAGALI is mainly built for agricultural policy analysis (in the past or future), particularly through exogenous prices. They also confirm the high sensitivity of French agriculture to price changes and particularly to the « terms of trade » with the non-farm sector. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 165 Number: 354079 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354079 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354079/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3123.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354079 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinon, Pierre Title: Rencontre Franco-Britannique AES/SFER : "Connaissance des revenus individuels et quotas laitiers". Grignon, septembre 1984 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 165 Number: 354080 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354080 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354080/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3124.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354080 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Pinon, Pierre Author-Name: Serra, Sylvie Title: Colloque sur la formation des Economistes ruraux. Grignon 25 et 26 octobre 1984 Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 165 Number: 354081 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354081 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354081/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3125.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354081 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergmann, Denis Title: A propos du "coût d'emploi" de la main-d'œuvre agricole Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 165 Number: 354082 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354082 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354082/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3127.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354082 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reboul, Claude Title: Réponse à D. Bergmann Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 165 Number: 354083 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354083 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354083/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3128.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354083 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Modèle comptable et gestion de trésorerie (A propos d'un article de J. Brossier, E. Chia, E. Marshall dans le n° 161 d'Economie Rurale) Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 165 Number: 354084 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354084 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354084/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3129.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354084 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Chia, Eduardo Author-Name: Marshall, Éric Title: Réponse à J.-C. Kroll Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 165 Number: 354085 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354085 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354085/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3130.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354085 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ducos, C. Author-Name: Joly, Pierre-Benoît Author-Name: Moreaux, Michel Title: Hybrides et lignées pures : le marché et l'entreprise privée sont-ils intrinsèquement pervers ? (A propos d'un article de J.-P. Berlan dans le n° 158 d'Economie Rurale) Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 165 Number: 354086 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354086 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354086/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3131.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354086 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berlan, Jean-Pierre Title: Réponse à C. Ducos, P.-B. Joly, M. Moreaux Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 165 Number: 354087 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354087 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354087/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3132.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354087 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: INRA ESR, Cahiers d'Économie et Sociologie Rurales, n°l. — Les Agriculteurs et le Crédit. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 165 Number: 354088 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354088 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354088/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3133_t1_0052_0000_5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354088 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: CNASEA. — OGAF : vers un nouvel essor des communautés locales, les opérations groupées d'aménagement foncier. Préface de M. Michel ROCARD, ministre de l'Agriculture Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 165 Number: 354089 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354089 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354089/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3133_t1_0053_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354089 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Jean CORDIER. — Les marchés à terme Keywords: Marketing Volume: 165 Number: 354090 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354090 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354090/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3133_t1_0054_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354090 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Gesadar. Approche de la diversité Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 165 Number: 354091 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354091 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354091/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3133_t1_0054_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354091 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Barthélémy D., Barthez A., Labat P. — Patrimoine foncier et exploitation agricole Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 165 Number: 354092 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354092 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354092/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3133_t1_0056_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354092 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Tables de l'année 1984 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 165 Number: 354093 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354093 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354093/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_165_1_3134.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354093 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Platier, A. Title: Développement local et localisations. Les promesses de la troisième révolution industrielle Abstract: Location theory either agricultural or industrial is of little help for local development; it Ts intended for production units rather than for country planners. Local development means managing the inheritance of our 36.000 villages and searching for local zones fit for development. Broader studies at the département or regional level bring no answer; France must be observed at the commune level. Small but dynamic boroughs do not require administrative reform to become local development poles. Rurban phenonnenae have already brought about interpénétration between city and country. The third industrial revolution will accelerate this trend by breaking up production processes into sub tasks taking place in different locations. The industrial exodus will empty the factories as the rural exodus had emptied the countryside. Tomorrow's jobs will be elsewhere ; technology, culture, new relations between men should help provide them. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 354094 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354094 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354094/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3136.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354094 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jollivet, Marcel Title: Le développement local, mode ou mouvement.social ? Abstract: There is today a growing interest in local approaches both in reports of public bodies and think tanks and in scientific publications. Is this impression valid ? When did it start ? Why did it occur ? Who adopts those views ? Is it a change of approach towards society or a change in the social relationships themselves? Some of these questions cannot be definitely answered but a clarification can be attempted. They leadto a reflexion on the role of social sciences. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 354095 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354095 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354095/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3137.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354095 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Certaines, E. Author-Name: Saint-Louis, Robert Title: Les nouvelles données de l'aménagement de l'espace rural Abstract: Two major trends are currently affecting rural space and will have strong effects in coming years: deep demographic and socio-economic change ; administrative decentralization and its consequence on land use rules. Zoning rules will now be in the hands of municipalities which must aware of the challenger and risks involved with their new responsabilities. The law on decentralization provided for intercommunal charters for development and planning. This new instrument will only be fruitful in promoting global development if all concerned can unite on common objectives and accept new behaviours. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 354096 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354096 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354096/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3138.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354096 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pointud, André Title: L'actualité des formes traditionnelles de l'aménagement Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 354097 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354097 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354097/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3139.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354097 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pingaud, F. Title: L'enjeu fondamental de la politique de montagne. La différenciation territoriale de l'action de l'Etat Abstract: A global policy for mountain areas has been in the making over recent years. A parliamentary board of inquiry (Souchon board) and a report by M. Besson are important steps in the shaping of a law for the development and protection of mountain areas. It has been voted by the Chamber of Deputies and is being examined by the Senate. Its two guiding principles are differentiation and self development. However applications of different policy measures to certain pacts of the territory is contrary to administrative usage and to commodity approaches. So the mountain law is a kind of test of the ability of policies to approach problemswith less uniformity. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 166 Number: 354098 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354098 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354098/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3140.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354098 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maclouf, Pierre Title: L'après-crise, une troisième « fin des terroirs »? Abstract: As we get ready to emerge from the current crisis, one wonders whether there will still be room for such concepts as « local » and « rural ». They were very present during the seventies when softer type of growth was aimed at. A quick leap foreward under the ideology of modernization is now the dominant approach so any local angle may seem of secondary importance. Similarly, the concept of a specific rural society is in doubt under the influence of current social and cultural changes. The specificity of each small region or « terroir» is questioned and if those small regions have no real original features, then rural space must be subjected to the general logic of location analysis. Though two books have predicted the end of « terroirs » and of « peasants » there is still room for a local component for development from the grass roots, in the shaping of new forms of control which are being set up. Particulary in south-western France, where cultural forces are strong, local forces must be given the power to question economic and social aspects of modernization in order to reorient it, not to stop it. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 354099 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354099 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354099/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3141.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354099 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Author-Name: Boudou, A. Author-Name: Neumann, J.-P. Title: Enjeux, médiations et développement local. Un point sur le mouvement des pays. Modernité et modernisation Abstract: In recent years, a number of contracts providing for various supports from public funds for integrated packages of development activities have been signed in rather numerous small zones. The socio-political significance of this movement aiming at mobilizing local initiatives and resources is analyzed. Within this complex and diverse movement, contradictions appear between those in favour of modernization and those who question it. There may also be some differences of opinion between the local proponents of these area contracts and both political leaders and administration institutions (Ed.). Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 354100 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354100 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354100/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3142.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: Un nouveau modèle d'analyse des transformations en cours : la diversification-spécialisation de l'espace rural français Abstract: Various models were successively developed to describe and measure the rural space transformations in France. This paper relates part of the results of a collective research aiming at testing the «last born » model which is the process of specialisation/diversification of this rural space. Coefficients of specialisation and diversification were first applied to three sectors in their spatial dimension : agriculture, rural employment, rural society. These results were then collated in order to identify specialised and diversified rural spaces. The process of diversification has a larger extent than the process of specialisation in the economic and social landscape of rural France. But interpreting this result, one must pay attention to the ambiguities of the vocabulary and to the difficulties for describing this process with quantitative precision and at different levels. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 354101 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354101 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354101/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3143.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berger, Alain Title: Maîtrise de l'information et développement rural Abstract: The decision making responsibilities of local units of government is enhanced through the decentralization processes. Local bodies must have access to and control upon socio-economic information or decentralization will be a decoy. Within a rural canton of 21 communes an economic information network for local units of government was built and experimented. Its aim is to give greater control over information at the rural level. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 354102 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354102 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354102/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3144.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Espace, développement et économie rurale Abstract: The different kinds of thought that led rural economics since 30 years rarely included, in an explicit way in their approach, the spatial dimension of economic phenomenons. Nowadays, the economists cannot be satisfied with an implicit representation of space that tends to reduce it to an abstract and undifferentiated space. The study of the development of an agricultural cooperative and of the actions of local development led on its activity area, shows the need of considering space in its double dimension : abstract space and territorial space. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 354103 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354103 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354103/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3145.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sahli, Zoubir Title: Expérience algérienne en matière de développement local : les plans de développement communal Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 166 Number: 354104 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354104 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354104/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3146.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmitt, Bertrand Author-Name: Coujard, Jean-Louis Title: Réorientation des exploitations et transformation de l'espace agricole Abstract: Through a study of the evolution of farming systems, the authors aim at analyzing their influence on the utilization of agricultural space. A sample of farms in the Lorraine Plateau zone was analyzed using individual data from the censuses of 1970 and 1979. A typology which identifies the productive pattern is used. The larger farms influence most of the land use changes observed through three major factors : drainage, specialization on grain and exchanges of land. The presence of other farms with different orientations may however hinder these evolutions. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 166 Number: 354105 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354105 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354105/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3147.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo, Pierre-Yves Author-Name: PY, Bernard Title: L'économie locale face aux variations d'emplois ; vers une méthode de mesure des effets d'induction spatialisés Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 166 Number: 354106 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354106 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354106/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3148.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patoureaux, Bernard Title: Développement local et formation des agents de développement en milieu rural Abstract: In rural development, the main issue is the link between sectoral aspects and policies, on the one hand, and the logic of land use and spacial approaches on the other. This is explained by examples which show that economic, social and cultural aspects and projects are intermingled. All are needed to obtain global development. The local extension agent is at the heart of this dynamic process; his training must be reconsidered. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 166 Number: 354107 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354107 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354107/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_166_1_3149.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashton, John Title: IVème congrès Européen des économistes agricoles. Marchés et prix agricoles Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 167 Number: 354108 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354108 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354108/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3151.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tangermann, Stephan Title: Marchés et prix agricoles. Introduction Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 167 Number: 354109 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354109 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354109/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3152.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josling, Tim Title: Marchés et prix : les relations entre l'agriculture et l'économie générale Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 167 Number: 354110 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354110 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354110/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3153.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nazarenko, V.S. Title: Marchés et prix dans les pays européens à économie planifiée Abstract: The increased instability of the world since 1973 has shown how dependant agriculture was on the rest of the economy, particularly in developed market economies. The paper emphasizes the importance of macro- economic variables (disposable incomes, inflation, exchange rates, budget deficits) and of the international environment. Foreign trade has increased faster than output, exchange rates float, a huge mass of capital moves very quickly between the main financial centers. Agriculture cannot but feel the impact of all these, changes. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 167 Number: 354111 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354111 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354111/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3155.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: La production agricole répond-elle aux prix ? Abstract: In Eastern Europe most farm prices are centrally fixed (minimum Hungary 60% of output). Thesame applies to retail prices, semi-processed goods and inputs. To compensate for the rise in input prices, increase the profitability of farm units and improve farm incomes, major farm prices increases have been decided upon during recent years. As retail price rises were much slower, considerable subsidies are granted. In addition inputs and crédit are subsidized. (Ed.) Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 167 Number: 354112 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354112 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354112/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3157.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tarditi, Secondo Title: Prix et revenus dans le secteur agricole Abstract: For the vast majority of professional economists, it is quite natural to think of the elasticity of supply with respect to price as being positive. The same idea is a matter of controversis among agricultural economists. Often, it is alleged that the rationality is radically different for peasants and capitalists entrepreneurs. It is nevertheless possible to give account of observed facts within the strict neoclassical framework, but this requires a long run, dynamic point of view, and the explicit intervention of financial and security constraints at farm level. Various consequences for the estimation of supply functions may be derived. Especially, because the elasticity of supply is likely to vary greatly across time, it is difficult, and probably misleading to make use of a large number of observations from the past in order to estimate them by regression. Therefore, the recourse to statistical inference should be kept to a minimum level when estimating responses or aggregate production functions. Keywords: Production Economics Volume: 167 Number: 354113 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354113 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354113/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3159.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinstrup-Andersen, Per Title: Les prix alimentaires et les pauvres dans les pays en voie de développement Abstract: In European market economics, farm incomes are strongly influenced by policy actions. Their effects can be analyzed using a free market sector as theoretical benchmark. Sectoral policies produce various social costs and benefits. They influence resource allocation, income distribution and other non economic objectives. The paper evaluates market stabilization, and price support policies as well as those concerning factors of production and technology. One of the major issues is the combination of the various price and income policies in order to attain a given set of policy goals in the farming sector. This theoretical analysis shows that the various policies at work in the EEC are quite inadequate considering its main welfare goals. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 167 Number: 354114 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354114 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354114/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3161.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koester, Ulrich Title: L'intervention sur le marché agricole et le commerce international Abstract: On the basis of extensive study of the literature, this paper shows the major importance of farm and food prices for poor families. Expensive foods are also important because their weight in household budgets is ..often heavy. Low income groups have high price elasticities. A rise in farm prices may have a negative impact on many rural poor who often are buyers of food. Food policies particularly food subsidies and aids targeted on certain groups are studied. (Ed.) Keywords: Food Security and Poverty, International Development Volume: 167 Number: 354115 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354115 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354115/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3163.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Résumés des contributions dses groupes de travail A1 à A8, B1 à B8 Abstract: International trade in agricultural products is in most cases the consequence of domestic governmental interventions which are supposed to achieve production, price, and income objectives of individual countries. Trade in agricultural products is more affected by national policies than trade in industrial products. This is not only due to specific agricultural policy objectives ; it is also due to some specifics of agricultural markets. There is no way to quantify the state of disarray of world agriculture or to assess the likely world welfare loss on sound empirical grounds. It is even not possible to assess whether individual countries would be better off with free trade than with the present pattern of protection in world agriculture. However, countries could be likely better off if they chose to intervene differently in agricultural markets. Hence, the present state of protectionism can hardly be justified on economic grounds. It seems to be the consequence of forces on the political market for protection- nism. The profession of trade economists could be likely of much more influence for trade policy decisions if, apart from research in normative trade policy, more research would be done in positive trade policy. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 167 Number: 354116 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354116 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354116/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_4911.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Liste alphabétique des auteurs Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 167 Number: 354117 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354117 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354117/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3165.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Quatrième Assemblée générale de l'Association Européenne des Economistes Ruraux (AEEA), Kiel, RFA, 6 septembre 1984 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 167 Number: 354118 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354118 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354118/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_167_1_3166.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Après-propos Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 168 Number: 354119 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354119 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354119/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3168.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin, Samuel Title: L'aménagement rural à la rescousse des exploitations familiales Abstract: Why did the concept of rural development suddenly come to the forefront in the middle of the seventies ? To which social movement does it belong through its demands and practices? A brief appraisal of recent experience in the field of country planning with the «rural planning guidelines» and the «neighbourhood contracts» and in the field of development management (development boards, planning boards...) aims at evaluating the social change processes induced by country planning. Emphasis is placed on comparing agricultural development policies and practices in the fifties and sixties and rural development since the seventies. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 168 Number: 354120 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354120 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354120/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3169.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daubard, J.-P. Author-Name: Chémery, J.-B. Title: La création d'activités en zone de montagne désertifiée : l'expérience des Alpes du Sud Abstract: Job creation in desertified mountain zones the southern alps experiment As the urban-industrial society experiences a deepening crisis, it seems possible and profitable to create jobs in hitherto by-passed areas as shown by attempts made in one of the most desertified French areas, the Southern Alps. Two opposite trends are visible : shaken by secularoutmig ration and by the influxof tourists, the local society continues its déstructuration process; new settlers come in under the influence of May 1968 protest movements and now of the economic depression. This is helped by various public measures including the creation of the Southern Alps Welcome and Promotion Board. A recent evaluation study has shown that settlers have usually been successful and had positive effects on the local society and economy. As long as there is a supply of candidates for business and job creation, it is worthwhile to provide them with supporting services by coordinating all local services and institutions for finding prospective candidate, help them build their projects, explore new opportunities, provide for follow-up support. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 168 Number: 354121 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354121 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354121/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3170.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roch-Colomb, M.-F. Author-Name: Sevestre, D. Title: Quinze ans d'aménagement rural dans un département de faible densité : bilan pour la Haute-Saône Abstract: In the Haute-Saône department, more than half the area has been included in rural planning packages (plans d'aménagement rural). The clearest effects are concrete achievements of a traditional nature improving facilities and services (infrastructure, information, social activities) in more backwards zones. New forms of change can also be tested by public bodies which give local people new adjustment possibilities. Some results are less visible : new intra-society social and economic linkages ; new ways of thinking and working together ; reactivation of institutions and people. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 168 Number: 354122 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354122 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354122/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3171.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Billaud, Jean-Paul Title: Les conflits pour l'aménagement du Marais Poitevin, ou : à qui appartient le local ? Abstract: Farmer's organizations and environmentalists disagree with regard to reclamation projects in the Poitevin marshes. To explain this conflict between agriculture and environment it must be replaced in its local context : a crisis in the decision processes and use rights patterns which, until recently, have ruled the management of this ecological system. Two sets of criteria are combined in any land-use decision : production or conservation. Since no social use of space really fits in this dicotomy no social group can claim its use of land and water is superior to that of other groups. As types of land-use become more diversified, social conflicts are increased and are revealed within the government machinery. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 168 Number: 354123 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354123 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354123/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3172.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Modèle comptable et fiscalité agricole : contradictions ou complémentarités Abstract: The reforms concerning taxation and book-keeping regulations which are under study in France are far from making the situation clearer. On the contrary, it seems that they aggravate the distorsions farm bookkeeping already suffers from fiscal motivations. The thesis of this paper is that the intention of setting up a more modern and fairer tax system for agriculture should not lead to any challenging of book-keeping results which remain a satisfactory and well adapted indicator of the results of farming activity. It is nevertheless true that a more precise legal definition of the farm unit, on the one hand, andof those members of the family active on the farm on the other hand, could be a useful contribution to clarifying the situation. A bold simplification of book-keeping procedures so as to reduce their cost is also recommended. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 168 Number: 354124 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354124 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354124/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3173.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Altmann, C. Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Title: L'alimentation des animaux en Europe : quels modèles ? Abstract: Four countries of the EEC, Denmark, France, The Netherlands and the FRG have published since 1970 statistical data showing the utilization of their feeding ressources by their main animal species : cattle, pig and poultry. Since comparable EEC data do not exist in general, these national statistics permit, through an analysis of the components of the average feeding rations, a first comparison of the various methods used for animal feeding in Europe. This analysis brings out a better knowledge of the use of the various items and in particular of cereals substitutes. Furthermore it shows that the concept of « milkfactory » does not represent the standard situation of the dairy branch in the EEC countries where fodder remains the principal component of cattle feeding. Finally, the specificity of the Dutch model is brought to light, not only compared with France, but also compared with two other northen states including Denmark. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 168 Number: 354125 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354125 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354125/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3174.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moyano, E. Title: Syndicalisme et agriculture dans la transition démocratique en Espagne Abstract: In Western Europe, representative farm trade unions and farm organizations play a considerable role in the inforcement of farm policy. In Spain, as economic and social «modernization» has developed in recent years only, in a non democratic regime, the State has hampered the progress of such organizations by imposing a corporatist structure on the civil society. The farm sector suffers the consequences of this situation : too many farms organizations and trade unions have been created since the restoration of democracy and they are too weak to serve as an adequate tool fora modernization policy which is essential at the moment of Spain's entry into the EEC. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 168 Number: 354126 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354126 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354126/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3175.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Hairy, Denis Title: Mise au point. A propos de la rencontre franco-britannique AES/SFER, septembre 1984 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 168 Number: 354127 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354127 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354127/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3177.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: publications, Principales Title: Georges Severac (1928- 1980) Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 168 Number: 354128 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354128 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354128/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3178.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 168 Number: 354129 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354129 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354129/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_3179.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: J.P. Bourgier. - Innovation et production laitière, le contrôle laitier dans le département de la Loire. Centre d'Etudes foreziennes Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 168 Number: 354130 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354130 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354130/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_4940_t1_0056_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Guenhaël Jegouzo. - La petite paysannerie en France Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 168 Number: 354131 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354131 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354131/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_4940_t1_0057_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Jean-Pierre Darre. - L'univers de pensée des éleveurs. La parole et la technique. Paris, éd. L'Harmattan, Collection Alternatives paysannes Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 168 Number: 354132 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354132 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354132/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_4940_t1_0057_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Olivier Godard, Jean-Paul Ceron. — Planification décentralisée et modes de développement. L'expérience du Bureau Méridional Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 168 Number: 354133 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354133 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354133/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_168_1_4940_t1_0058_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Author-Name: Maresca, Sylvain Title: Agriculteurs et petits entrepreneurs : Peut-on faire des comparaisons ? Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 169 Number: 354134 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354134 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354134/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3181.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albert, Jean Title: Panorama historique de la connaissance statistique du commerce et des services Abstract: The sector of trade and services is a sector where small firms are predominant. The statistical methods used to apprehend it can justly be of interest to rural economists as agriculture is equally a sector of small units. The observation system set up includes an exhaustive file, annual or monthly sample surveys based on this file, completed by official documents and macroeconomic accounts. Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 169 Number: 354135 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354135 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354135/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3182.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zarca, Bernard Title: Constitution et organisation de l'artisanat dans la France contemporaine Abstract: In the interwar period, organizing the middle classes is seen as a bulwork against socialism of the working classes. The idea is to build up a group, to assemble its potential members and tell them they are craftsmen, thus creating a new social identity. The State can then help them build their own institutions, give them official recognition and grant various advantages to them. Group spirit and common interests are thus created. In fact there is no real job unity among artisans ; their ideologies, political alliances and economic interests are diverse. In 1938, however, one of the tendencies becomes dominant. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 354136 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354136 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354136/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3183.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maresca, Sylvain Title: La famille, le métier, l'entreprise Abstract: This article deals with the possible comparisons between farmers and other socio-professional groups. Rather than taking refuge behind the specificity of farming, as it is so often the case, or drawing inconclusive formal parallels between farming, crafts or small trade taken as a whole, it would be better to study general phenomena and the form they take in various specific activities: wether craft, family, firm, or professional association bodies. This research would concern scientifically defined entities instead of socially given sectors and it would be an advantage if it were carried out collectively. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 354137 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354137 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354137/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3184.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaeger, Christine Title: Artisans et industriels : une coexistence risquée ? Abstract: Artisanat is neither a remnant of the past nor a nursery for tomorrow's firms, it is considered here as something specific with its own economic behaviour. Its coexistence with industry then appears in a different light. Both have to face market risk and uncertainty, but artisans cover those tasks for which the work process is autonomous and discontinuous and production means are limited. Industry handles coordinated work processes and more cumbersome means of production. So both types of activities are rather complementary and the frontier between them shifts constantly as ways of life and technologies change. This marks the limits of the expansion of capitalism in our societies. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 354138 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354138 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354138/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3185.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lifran, Robert Title: Installation, transmission du patrimoine et reproduction d'un système agraire. Le cas de l'agriculture du Midi de la France Abstract: Admitting that the reproduction of family farming as a mode of production derives from a double selective process (selection between farmers and between their heirs) and that the models which are supposed to represent these phenomenae have vastly underestimated the importance and the diversity of the mecanisms of patrimony accumulation and transmission ; this papers presents the results observed in the agricultural pattern caracteristic of the Mediterranean South of France. Analysing the data of the Land tenure survey of the « RGA^ Foncier» and the observations made from various « Cantons» we point out the specificity of the fecondity of the agricultural population of the Languedoc, and the effect of the difference in size of the patrimony received on the future evolution of the farm units. These results bring a new light on the importance of the patrimony in the production process. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 169 Number: 354139 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354139 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354139/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3186.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Casella, Philippe Author-Name: Tripier, Pierre Title: Dynamique des métiers, contraintes et ressources de la culture de métier Abstract: As all strong cultural knowledge, trade ideology presents a totalitarian facet. The fact that it garanties indépendance, enables it to express itself outside the production process. We observe this amongst builders when they start their own businesses, assess new markets or contract more labour. It provides a set of rules regulating industrial relations between wage earners and employers or between craftsmen of various trades. It covers the various career paths and is coherent when craftsmen are separated from other kinds of occupations. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 354140 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354140 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354140/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3187.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mayer, Nonna Title: Les attitudes économiques des petits commerçants français Abstract: Non directive interviews and opinion polls show the persistence of traditional small shopkeepers owning their businesses and working with their families, trade mentality prevailing over entrepreneurial behaviour. Retailers interviewed have become so to be their «own masters». They do not want to increase the size of their business or modernize it or hire more labour. They are looking towards the past convinced of their decline. They believe in strict morals based on work and effort. If this attitude is perpetuating it is because small trade remains a possibility of social mobility for small wage earners wishing to become self employed and for the children of self employed people to stick to that social status. In other words for people with very little capital, low cultural or social background and therefore unable to adjust to capitalist management. Keywords: Institutional and Behavioral Economics Volume: 169 Number: 354141 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354141 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354141/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3188.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leconte, Philippe Title: Les conditions de travail dans la menuiserie artisanale Abstract: This study presents the analysis of a rural carpenter's workload. A craftsman must display many complex mental strategies in order to organize his short or middle-dated occupations. The analysis of his activity confirms this assumption by showing a slipping of his woodwork to administration and organization tasks. In this case, a craftsman is, first and foremost a manager. Therefore, his mental activity of planning is the salient feature of his workload, thus questionning the social image of craftindustry. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 354142 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354142 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354142/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3189.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazile, P. Author-Name: Viallon, J.-B. Title: Le GAEC est-il une forme de société de.transition pour l'agriculture ? Abstract: Based on a survey of the GAECs in this area, an economic theory of farm production units is built. Farms are not firms but rather an ambiguous concept changing but durable. Within this framework, GAECs are an original type of unit even if the aims of their founders are partly forgotten. They are not a new form of production unit but rather a new form of family farm because factor inputs remain in joint ownership and under paid. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 169 Number: 354143 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354143 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354143/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3190.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainsant, Pascal Author-Name: Soufflet, Jean-François Title: Les entreprises personnelles et familiales dans la filière viande de boucherie Abstract: The French beef and livestock production and marketing system is a very interesting case study to understand changing from an artisanal to an industrial system. It is not only a changing in the patterns of the firms ; it is also a changing of the regulation, price system, kind of products... The place of small firms cannot be analysed only as a resistance to industry. Of course, small firms may disappear as large industrial firms become more'efficient. But small firms also change, in their technics, size, activities, because the whole world is changing : farms are more concentrated, towns are different... Many opportunities are still open to them if they are able to keep closely adjusted to the system they belong to Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing Volume: 169 Number: 354144 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354144 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354144/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3191.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Mouchet, Christian Title: La promotion de la gestion auprès des agriculteurs ou l'histoire de la comptabilité simplifiée et de son utilisation en agriculture Abstract: Why are farm accounts so seldom kept in agriculture in 1985 ? How can there be good management without them ? These questions raise the problem of economic rationality of the farm production unit. The history of farm accounts shifts between two extremes : reliance on general accounting methods derived from trade and banking activities ; a simplification of accounting to fit family farming. Both lead to partial failure. The current new element is income tax which requires an instrument of measurement and control. This gives a new opportunity for expanding accounting but may not develop management methods. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 169 Number: 354145 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354145 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354145/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3192.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Letowski, A. Author-Name: Quémeré, J. Title: L'appui technique aux artisans Abstract: It has changed overtime with new legislation (such as VAT and compulsory management training sessions), with changes in economic environment and as the result of bargaining with local units of government. However even if there is more advice on economic and marketing decisions, most of the support is in technological training. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 169 Number: 354146 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354146 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354146/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3193.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maresca, Sylvain Title: Agriculteurs et petites entreprises : Eléments de bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 169 Number: 354147 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354147 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354147/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_169_1_3194.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamelin, Patrick Title: Les conditions temporelles de travail des conducteurs de poids lourds transportant des marchandises Abstract: The work of the lorry drivers is a well known activity caracterized by the fact that the driver has the responsibility to adjust to most of the risks of the production process. This relative autonomy within the organization of his work however imposes on him longer hours than for the ordinary worker integrated in other production processes. Nevertheless lorry drivers experiment very different working conditions wether they belong to the transportation sector or to other economic sectors. Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 170 Number: 354148 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354148 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354148/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3196.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debeauvais, Rémi Title: Le développement du secteur artisanal de la pêche Abstract: In France small scale sea fishing has survived and even expanded in front of a large scale industry-like sector in deep crisis and decline. This paradoxical evolution is analyzed. The two forms do not always conflict in terms of fishing zones, markets, employment. Small scale fishing has its own dynamics. Keywords: Industrial Organization Volume: 170 Number: 354149 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354149 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354149/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3197.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herail, M. Title: Fiscalité agricole et droit des baux ruraux Abstract: Farm leasing laws came i nto existence before the idea of farm busi nesses. The fact that they do not rally with the circumstances is obvious when the farm business is transferred since family leases not being negotiable there appears a form of continuity which has financial consequences with regard to VAT, tax on capital gains or on profits of the successors. Yet because of their antiquity in the farm leasing laws there are many types of lease no longer used which might help to solve certain tax problems either by permanently dissociating land and the rest of the capital, or by a form of association like share tenancies. I n addition even older forms of joint ownership of livestock or of equipment may lessen the financial tax consequences of the transfer of farm assets while reducing the taxation of the successor. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 170 Number: 354150 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354150 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354150/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3198.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pillebout, Jean-François Title: La transmission de l'entreprise agricole : succession non préparée Abstract: In spite of changes brought about by agricultural problems French law is strict as far as successions are concerned. The fact that heirs cannot be totaly disinherited, division into equal parts, the fact that agreements cannot be made concerning successions to come, are obstacles to the transfer of farm businesses. The impossibility of bequeathing lease rights except between parents and children increases the fragility of the businesses from a legal point of view. In addition, agricultural change has meant an enormous increase in the amount of capital invested without increasing its profitability. In such a context farm businesses stay within the family, which request some precautions to avoid conflicts between the children and excessive taxation. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 170 Number: 354151 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354151 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354151/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3199.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dozat, R. Author-Name: Berger, P. Title: La préparation de la transmission du patrimoine agricole Abstract: As a result of the high level of investment, particularities inherent to the type of business and the complex legal context, farm transfer is a tricky problem usually requiring a previous reorganization of the assets. Laws have indeed been passed to enable adequate legal arrangements - for example GFAs (Groupements fonciers agricoles) Groupements forestiers and long term leases - to be made, but this does not solve all the legal or tax problems which arise the unexpected death or retirement of the farmer. It is often necessary to anticipate further and set up a frame work adapted to the situation, a farm transfer scheme. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 170 Number: 354152 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354152 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354152/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3200.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jazra-Bandarra, Nelly Title: L'impact du soja sur le marché des oléagineux : le cas portugais Abstract: In Portugal, the animal feed industry began to use soybean during the sixties. A crushing capacity was created in 1975, expanding rapidly and exporting soybean oij and cake. Expansion in this sector which originated in Spain and secured its place on the world market, had lead to the development of an important equipment industry. The use of soybean oil was delayed in Portugal because of the resistance of olive oil and colonial oilseed interests. But the soybean oil entered the competition and has remplaced the traditional sources. This evolution increased the dependancy and created a new external articulation where the United States has the major position. The introduction of soybean is no longer questioned to day because it has induced the growth of the animal feed industry and given raw material to fish conserveries and margarine industry. Internal intervention mechanisms (exchange control, foreign transfers...) have distorted the price formation and the liberalization of imports has not reached its objective. Reforms are necessary in order to obtain better competitivness, especially for the entry in the European Economic Community. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 170 Number: 354153 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354153 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354153/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3201.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colman, David Title: Méthodes quantitatives et théorie micro-économique : enseignement et application à la politique agricole au Royaume-Uni Abstract: Eighteenth and Nineteenth century writings on political economy by Adam Smith, David Ricardo and J.S. Mill were very much concerned, among other things, with agricultural trade and the economics of agricultural production and rents. It was not, however, until the decade 1910-1920 that the institutional basis of a separate agricultural economics profession in the UK was established, inspired in particular by the development of the discipline of farm management in the USA. UK agricultural economics has built on the twin bases of farm management studies and neo-classical economic principles applied to markets, trade and policy. The teaching of the subject very much reflects these origins, and there is heavy emphasis on microeconomic theory and econometrics. While agricultural economics in the UK is a broad school, embracing marketing, third-world development, and rural and environmental studies there is no major dissent from the core theoretical curriculum. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 354154 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354154 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354154/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3202.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yabilé Kinimo, René Title: Recherche sur l'équilibre financier d'un programme de crédit agricole en Côte-d'Ivoire Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 170 Number: 354155 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354155 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354155/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3203.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pivot, Catherine Title: Données sur la spécialisation internationale de la France dans le secteur agricole Abstract: The agricultural specialization in France is analysed with construction of typology of the exchanges. The flows of interstate trade look strongly impressed by the degree of aids provided by the CAP. French specialization is, primarily, the results of the existence of surpluses or deficits on the national market. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 354156 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354156 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354156/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3204.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naegelen, Florence Title: Les marchés au cadran et la formation des prix Abstract: Dutch type auctions, used to sell fruits and vegetables, are special resources allocation procedures. In this article, we study the mechanism properties through the bidding theory methods. The Dutch auction is often preferred to other allocation procedures for several reasons: it's an efficient and very fast revelation mechanism, which is fair. A game theory analysis is used to study the Dutch auction prices properties. The decreasing auction is a non cooperative game which is strategically equivalent to the first priGe auction. The price formed, depending on the buyers' strategies, is a competitive price which tends to the true price when buyers become more risk averse and when competition increases. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 170 Number: 354157 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354157 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354157/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3205.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Les Etats-Unis vont-ils changer de politique agricole ? Abstract: The identification of the main actors involved in the US agricultural policy process and the analysis of their strategies permits one to interpret the recent debates and to consider a few likely scenarios. The main actors are classified in two broad categories: economic organizations and public agencies. Among the former, farm organizations and more particularly commodity groups play the most important role. In the latter category the role of the legislators, linked to their party, their seniority and the chamber they belong to must be distinguished from that of the Executive branch. The consequences of the current US debate for European agriculture may be very great. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 354158 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354158 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354158/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3206.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Joseph Garnotel. — L'ascension d'une grande agriculture. Champagne pouilleuse-Champagne crayeuse Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 170 Number: 354159 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354159 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354159/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0059_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Yves Gazzo. — La politique agricole des Etats-Unis. Protectionnisme intérieur. Capture des marchés extérieurs Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 354160 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354160 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354160/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0060_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: OCDE. — Gestion des projets d'aménagement des eaux. Prise de décision et évaluation des investissements Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 170 Number: 354161 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354161 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354161/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0061_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Serge Michailof. — Les apprentis-sorciers du développement (Mythes technographiques face à la pauvreté rurale) Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 170 Number: 354162 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354162 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354162/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0061_0000_6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Association des ruralistes français. — La pluriactivité dans les familles agricoles Keywords: Farm Management, Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 170 Number: 354163 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354163 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354163/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0062_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Jean-Pierre Alaux, Philippe Norel, Jacques Berthelot, Bertrand Delpeuch, Serge Latouche, Vincent Leclercq, Marcel Marloie. — Faim au Sud, crise au Nord Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 170 Number: 354164 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354164 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354164/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0063_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Guesdon J.C. — Parlons vaches... Lait et viande en France, Aspects économiques et régionaux Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 170 Number: 354165 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354165 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354165/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3207_t1_0064_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Ouvrages, études, périodiques, reçus récemment Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 354166 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354166 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354166/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_4964.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Table des matières 1985 Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 170 Number: 354167 Year: 1985 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354167 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354167/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3208.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neeser, P. Title: L'intensification en 1985, le point de vue d'un professionnel Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 171 Number: 354168 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354168 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354168/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3732.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serra, Sylvie Title: Intensification ou déclin ? Abstract: Intensification or decline ? - Intensification at farm level is for the agroindustry, a choice vastly conditioned by the markets economic organization and the level of protection they enjoy. The margin left to the industrial sector remains however very narrow taking into account the fact that it is excluded from the main political decisions and from the official development schemes. In fact, the discussion over the intensification has hidden the real problem which is: the necessary modernization of the French farms taking into account reliable technical economic data, which unfortunately still do not exist. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 171 Number: 354169 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354169 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354169/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3733.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Title: Approche économique de l'intensification Abstract: An economic appraisal of agricultural intensification - In the first part of this paper, the author seeks to provide a theoretical framework to analyse agricultural intensification. He gives special emphasis to the influence of factor prices and technical progress on factor-use proportions. The induced innovation hypothesis is also presented. The second and third parts are based upon French regional data concerning the sixties and seventies. Despite large differences in factor endowment ratios, regions experienced the same growth pattern. It is characterized by the substitution of materials, capital, and land to labor. The rate of growth of total productivity has been very different among regions, for example cropping regions (specially cereals oriented) were more successful than dairy regions and mediterranean areas. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Agribusiness Volume: 171 Number: 354170 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354170 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354170/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3734.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Besnault, M. Title: Le rôle respectif du public et du privé dans la fourniture d'informations aux agriculteurs Abstract: Public and private information sources for farmers - The main sources of information for the farmer are : 1 . the suppliers of in put, the buyers of out put ; 2. the unions (economic education of the farmers) ; 3. the teachers who have considerably improved the knowledge of the farmers. In the short run there should not be any major change. The number of farmers will decrease but the quality of the knowledge of the farmers will grow rapidly. The farmers unions will have more and more to take into account the non agricultural environment. The constant technico-economic development of the farmers will be done by the input sectors, the agribusiness and more precisely by the cooperative mouvement. Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 171 Number: 354171 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354171 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354171/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3735.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Title: Les nouvelles donnes de l'agriculture française Abstract: French agriculture has been in « crisis » for 12 years, and intensification is still one of the causes of the crisis. This paper tries to look for other explanations outside the agricultural field. In front of all the challenges agriculture has to face at present, many economic studies are missing on several topics. The relationship between agriculture and the other French economic sectors should be better known so as to enable international -comparisons with our foreign trade partners. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 171 Number: 354172 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354172 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354172/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3736.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Astruc, J. Title: La politique des structures a-t-elle évolué depuis 1960 ? Abstract: Has the land policy changed since 1960 ? -With the 1960 and 1962 Agricultural Act a real land policy was born which enabled the state to reshape the production sector. Ever since alterations have occured. Policy of modernization of the farms and of the settling of young farmers have been added to the initial aims of increasing the farm size and decreasing the farm population. However, one cannot see various steps in contradiction with the previous orientations, as many signs show, on the contrary, a continuity in the search of the initial targets fixed in 1960 (1980 Agricultural Act, the socialist project of land boards beeing dropped). The land policy does not own its permanence from the laws it derived from, and could have inspired other evolutions. Its enforcement has been caracterized for 25 years by the constant reference to a model of development for agriculture, model which has induced the intensification policy. Before one asks oneself about new ways of intensification, one should know if in the present state farm structures really allow such possibilities. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 171 Number: 354173 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354173 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354173/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3737.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillon, F. Title: S'installer et moderniser l'exploitation agricole Abstract: Settling down on a farm and then modernize it with the help of a development scheme envolves a high level of investment. Surveys made during these two critical periods of the life of a farmer show according to the various systems of production the level and the nature of the investments involved, the structure of liabilities and their consequences on the farmers income. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 171 Number: 354174 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354174 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354174/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3738.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Aspects macro-économiques de la pluriactivite des familles agricoles Abstract: Macroeconomic aspects of farm family «pluriactivité» - What could be the part played by the development of « pluriactivité » in agriculture, in order to limit the over supply of agricultural products. Farm family «pluriactivité» is difficult to observe because of theoretical, practical, and political reasons. With the help of available data, the author tries to support two statements : — a diffuse « pluriactivité» expands in France whilst the official figures of multiple job holding farmers decline, — the development of farm «pluriactivité» does not imply necessarily a reduction of the labor force engaged in agriculture, and the extensification attached to it. Some research perspectives are presented. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Farm Management Volume: 171 Number: 354175 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354175 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354175/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3739.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muller, Pierre Title: Les obstacles au changement : peut-on changer de politique agricole ? Abstract: In 1981-83 the government has tried to set up a new agricultural policy favouring solidarity and employe- ment. This policy was not as successfull as expected looking to the fact that changes advertized had to be watered down or dropped. To try to explain the difficulties faced by Mrs E. Cresson Minister of Agriculture one has to analyze the triple handicap of legitimacy this policy presented as far as : the farming world, the administration and the general policy of the government were concerned. Only a « policy of the farm » could conciliate the goals of the general policy and the defense of an employment policy for rural areas. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 171 Number: 354176 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354176 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354176/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3740.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviron, Sophie Title: Les adaptations possibles à la politique des quotas : les résultats d'une étude statistique Abstract: Possible adaptations to the quota policy. Results of a statistical survey - Do we have to drop intensification with a quota policy? A study made by SNIA and IGER covering 1782 specialized dairy farms in 1982/83 classified according to an accurate typology shows that intensification the French way i.e. intensification of fodder crops and improvement of genetics followed by an adequate complement of the daily ration, leads to an improvement of the balance sheet and an increase of income as variable costs increase stays inferior to gains on structural costs. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 171 Number: 354177 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354177 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354177/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3741.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Enquête Bibliographie Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 171 Number: 354178 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354178 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354178/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_171_1_3742.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Title: Le développement agricole face à la diversité de l'agriculture française Abstract: An agricultural development policy adapted to the variability of french agriculture - --The convention on development has contributed in putting foreward the theme of the diversification of the farms, theme which has become very popular within agricultural organisations. The variability of productions and the heterogeneity of farms have been put foreward as a sign of the leeway of French agriculture for twenty years. Extension work bodies advocated technical advice necessary to a specialization of farms and intensification of productions. To day diversification of farms is considered as one of the conditions of adaptation to the constraints of the market. The promotion of « different sorts of agriculture » is proposed as an opportunity for the most advanced farmers. This change will affect deeply the traditional farm type model employing 2 work units, standard model for all agricultural policy measures since 1960. This new move already justifies a development policy adapted to this new sort of agriculture. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 172 Number: 354179 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354179 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354179/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3743.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pacquet, A. Title: Quelles perspectives pour les organisations communes ? Abstract: What will happen for common regulations of the markets ? - European agriculture experiences on important change following the necessity to master the evolution of its production and its budget expenses. Many decisions have altered the common organization of the markets. The Commission wished to give back to the market its part in directing the productions. Recent history has proved that this goal has not always been reached. In the Dairy sector the solution adopted to solve the problems has been to reach a control of the output, the regulation by the adjusment of the supply according to the demand of the market having been thought impossible for many member states. What will happen for other sectors ? It does not seem to be many possibilities. If quota are rejected, productions have to be price oriented. In consequence, the common regulations of the markets must be altered so as to enable the prices to be more sensitive to the situation of the markets. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 172 Number: 354180 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354180 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354180/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3744.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Capelle, F. Title: L'intensification face à la réduction des coûts de production Abstract: Intensifying opposed to cost-cutting - Cost cutting means a lower cost per unit of output. Drop in inputs means ignorance of husbandry and technology. For a given level of inputs yields increases with input associated informations. As a consequence, cutting Unitarian costs involves a better use of technology. The study of some different english systems shows that it is also true for fixed costs. Highest cost systems are often best users of capital. So cost cutting calls for more and better informations in inputs utilization. It means scientific intensification. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 172 Number: 354181 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354181 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354181/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3745.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prost, Michel Title: Modalités de gestion des quotas laitiers français Premier bilan et perspectives Abstract: Dairy quotas management in France. First results and future prospects - Dairy quotas were introduced into the EEC on April 2nd 1984 for a transitory period of 5 years. France choose to apply the quotas to dairy plants. The first two crop years benefitted from the results of a campaign to induce a limitation of production which was very successful in France and which allowed a redistribution of some 1.6 million tons of reference quantities. Producers in a period of growth could thus benefit from an additional reference quantity with a fixed guaranteed minimum for the first crop year. As the national reserve was relatively small, it was impossible to use it as an adjustment device but mountain areas and newly established young farmers were nevertheless granted priority. During the first period, the reorganization between producers and dairy plants did not lead to an important transfer of reference quantities from one area to the other, but it is probable that the redistribution of unused quotas will. The absence of a quota market is probably due to the undefined legal status and ownership of the quotas. The system of applying quotas to the dairy plants leaves a greater liberty of management which is beneficial to the producers but it gives lesser margin for the participation of the farmers in the local management and distribution of reference quantities as well as for the development of a regional decision center. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Industrial Organization Volume: 172 Number: 354182 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354182 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354182/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3746.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Autres contributions de la session (résumés) Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 172 Number: 354183 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354183 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354183/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3747.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aubert, Didier Author-Name: Léon, Yves Author-Name: Wehrlin, H. Title: « Agriculteurs en difficulté » : d'un phénomène marginal à un problème réel Abstract: French farmers with financial difficulties : from a minor phenomenon to a real problem - The number of French farmers facing financial stress, which could make them go bankrupt, seems to become larger since the income crisis started in agriculture. This problem was regarded as a minor one until recent years, but in 1982 about 4 %of full time farmers are concerned. Half of farmers with financial difficulties were helped by public subsidies. Most of subsidized farmers operate rather big farms. Their farms have encountered financial hardship because of poor rate of return or too high indebtness. Among the subsidized farmers one third had already got government grants to set up or modernize their farms before 1982. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 172 Number: 354184 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354184 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354184/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3748.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Broussolle, Claude Title: Localisation des activités de production et de transformation du lait Abstract: Location of milk production and dairy plants - In this paper the authors endeavour to select dairy production areas according to the geographic location and the technical and economic characteristics of the dairy plants and of the consumption centers. To do so they use an econometric model taking into account the irregularities of supply and demand and the interaction of the various economic operators. This model applies to the three levels of the dairy branch. It enables the optimal allocation of inputs and outputs between firms to be determined and plant locations and resources allocations to be chosen. The study carried out at dairy plant level is divided into three parts. The first part presents the pattern of the econometric model. The second part gives the classification of the production areas and of the dairy plants according to their competitivity on the markets. The third part presents some results on the location of the dairy surpluses. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 172 Number: 354185 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354185 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354185/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3749.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: L'état et le statut de l'économie rurale Abstract: Agricultural economics is not only a scientific discipline. Faithful to their «agronomic» tradition, born during the 19th century in western countries, agricultural economists can be defined by the use of economics concepts, hypotheses, and methods in the analysis of the problems agriculture, the latter being understood in its broadest meaning. They nevertheless remain full-fledge economists. The Malaga Conference once more emphasized that, within this broad project, agricultural economists are extremely diverse both in terms of their professional objectives and of the way they exert their profession : topics studied, methods used, linkages with the users of their works. This diversity raises evaluation problems for the evaluation of the quality of their works: what are the best criteria of professional excellence? The author pleads in this respect for using four « classical » criteria : internal logical consistency, consistency with experience, clarity and relevance. He pleads also for respecting pluralism and enhancing a great degree of reciprocal tolerance among agricultural economists, as well as for a great degree of rigour in the methods used. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 172 Number: 354186 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354186 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354186/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3750.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Painvin, Rose-Marie Title: P. Bourgarel, D. Hesse-Capt, D. Pauthier, en collaboration avec L. Ratier-Coutrot. — Les formations de promotion sociale agricole Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 172 Number: 354187 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354187 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354187/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0055_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Houée, Paul Title: N. Mathieu, P. Duboscq et alii. — Voyage en France par les pays de faible densité Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 172 Number: 354188 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354188 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354188/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0056_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Csaba Csaki. — Simulation and System analysis in Agriculture Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 172 Number: 354189 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354189 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354189/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0056_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aubert, Claude Title: Alain Lefebvre. — La politique rurale de la Chine Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 172 Number: 354190 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354190 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354190/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0057_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: J. Lecaillon, C. Morisson. — Politiques économiques et performances agricoles : le cas du Burkina Faso, 1960-1983 Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Productivity Analysis Volume: 172 Number: 354191 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354191 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354191/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0058_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Fida. — The role of rural credit projects in reaching the poor Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 172 Number: 354192 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354192 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354192/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0059_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rambaud, Patrick Title: Yves Lambert. — Dieu change en Bretagne. La religion à Limerzel de 1900 à nos jours Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 172 Number: 354193 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354193 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354193/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0060_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Title: Basile Kerblay. — Du mir aux agrovilles Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 172 Number: 354194 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354194 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354194/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0060_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aubert, Didier Title: André Gueslin. — Le Crédit Agricole Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 172 Number: 354195 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354195 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354195/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_3751_t1_0061_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie rurale Title: Ouvrages, études, périodiques reçus récemment Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 172 Number: 354196 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354196 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354196/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_172_1_4900.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tracy, Michaël Title: Excédents et échanges, dilemmes européens Abstract: Agricultural surpluses and exchanges the dilemmas of the european community - Supply and demand trends for agricultural products in the European Community lead to the accumulation of stocks that can be disposed of only with expensive subsidies. However, some French economists do not seem to recognize that a surplus problem exists. They put forward an interpretation of history which is difficult to reconcile with growing State intervention on behalf of the farm sector, and in particular with the support given under the CAP. They do not accept «neo-classical» economic analysis, yet their own approach does not seem capable of explaining imbalances between supply and demand. Neo-classical economists insist on the need to reduce farm prices, but this position need not be absolute. Prices do not have to be reduced to world ma/ket levels ; there is justification for more balanced protection ; and direct aids can assist farmers in difficulty. The real situation, unfortunately, is far from such a scenario, and prospects are not encouraging. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 173 Number: 354197 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354197 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354197/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3752.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eabel, M. Title: Economie politique des programmes agricoles des Etats-Unis Abstract: The political economy of us agricultural policy - The United States engaged in an intensive agricultural policy debate in 1985 leading to passage of a new five-year farm bill, the Food Security Act of 1985. The political process sought to achieve several conflicting goals : (a) reductions in support levels to make the U.S. more competitive in world markets and stimulate exports which had fallen off sharply: (b) protection of farm income through government payments in the midst of declining land values and serious farm financial problems; and (c) reductions in the government cost of agricultural price and income support programs which had escalated sharply over the past five years. Since it was impossible to achieve all three of these goals because of inherent conflicts, the architects of farm policy opted to achieve the first two goals and sacrifice budget costs. The Congressional election in 1986 played a major role in shaping this outcome. However, another piece of legislation designed to balance the Federal budget by 1991 requires reductions in expenditures on agricultural and other programs. To the extent deficit reduction is achieved through expenditure cuts, the cost of agricultura price and income support programs will not be as high as initially expected under the new farm bill. The new farm policy has already been implemented for the 1 986 crop season and for dairy products. In the case of major price supported crops, market support (loan) levels have been reduced markedly; e. g. by 27 percent for wheat and 25 percent for corn. As in the past, U.S. agricultural policies will be subject to frequent change as the economic and political environment evolves. However, the basic thrust of the Food Security Act of 1985 is not likely to be altered in any fundamental way. Lower support levels will be maintained and substantial income protection to farmers will be provided through government payments. The cost of this policy to the government could be modified, however, through continuing efforts to deal with the larger budget deficit issue. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Political Economy Volume: 173 Number: 354198 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354198 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354198/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3753.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: La crise de la politique agricole commune affectera-t-elle les exportations françaises de produits agricoles et agro-alimentaires ? Abstract: The strong and weak points of french agriculture on the international market : which competitors and in what political context ? - French agricultural and food exports developped under the shelter of protection provided by the Common Agricultural Policy. This expert judgement does not seem questionable in spite of the uncertainty about the exact role of prices in this development. The pressures presently exerted on the CAP make keeping the status quo, in terms of agricultural protection very difficult and therefore highly unlikely. Are as result French agricultural exports threatened? Given the lack of sufficient research, it is difficult to settle this question. The partial information which are available suggest that for wheat, a portion of French production at least should be competitive. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 173 Number: 354199 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354199 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354199/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3754.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azouvi, Alain Title: L'agriculture française et les marchés mondiaux : mythe ou passage obligé ? Abstract: French agriculture in the year 2000 : which markets and which products ? - After the exceptional growth rate of the 1970s, world trade in farm and food products has stagnated over the last five years. Recent long-term economic planning research, however, has led to the conclusion that expansion will pick up once again, but at rate slower by half compared with the 1970s. For Europe and France, this trend is all the more welcome in that it will apply particularly to North Africa, the Middle East and subSaharan Africa, areas with which Europe already has close ties and which are close enough to Europe to afford a considerable logistic advantage. The research of the Plan also pointed, however, to the existence of a production potential in the major exporting countries far superior to the expected increase in demand, with the resultant divergency between supply and demand bringing constant pressure to bear on prices. Under these circumstances, what options remain open to French agriculture? What productions will be able to stand up to international competition ? Keywords: Marketing Volume: 173 Number: 354200 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354200 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354200/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3755.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Author-Name: Courgeon, J. Title: Distorsions de concurrence dues à la PAC. Protection effective sur le porc et l'aviculture en RFA, France, Pays-Bas, Danemark Abstract: Effective protection and the distortion of competition brought about by the C.A.P. - The Common Agricultural Policy protects the European agricultural sector from the fluctuations and competition of the world markets. But the various commodities do not all enjoy the same level of support. Similarly, in spite of the common price principle, guaranteed price levels vary from one country to another for the same products (because of MCA among other factors). It is difficult to devise indicators providing a synthetic view of these distortions particularly since they need to allow for the fact that protection inputs and raw materials tends to penalize the users thereof. A tentative evaluation of the effective protection afforded to pork and poultry meat was made, based on somewhat simplified assumptions : some input substituability and the same input cost structure from one country to another except for feed costs (pork, poultry), where national feed balances were used. Over the period 1972-83, evidence suggests that the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands enjoyed greater protection than France and Denmark, on the one hand because of the effects of the MCA and on the other hand because different countries use different proportions of cereals for animal feed, replacing grains to varying degrees with raw materials wich are not covered by the Common Agricultural Policy. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 173 Number: 354201 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354201 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354201/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3756.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Domergue, Philippe Author-Name: Folly, Martine Title: Le commerce extérieur de la France au cours des années 80 Abstract: This paper proposes to provide a presentation of France's external trade in recent years and of the main mechanisms relevant to a macroeconomic analysis of this aspect of French trade. It demonstrates how trends in our external trade linked to changes in the general economic climate are determined by the manufacturing sector and can be explained by three types of factors : - the fact that the French economic climate is often out of step with that of its major foreign trading partners ; - the competitiveness of products at home and abroad ; - the type of specialization within the industrial sector and particularly how it adapts to international market trends. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 173 Number: 354202 Year: 1986 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354202 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354202/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1986_num_173_1_3757.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: di Giulio, Antonio Title: Bruce Rich Mortgaging the earth. The world bank, environmental impoverishment and the crisis of development Volume: 226 Number: 354203 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354203 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354203/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4726_t1_0053_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 226 Number: 354204 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354204 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354204/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_226_1_4973.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: PAC, États, régions : l'articulation des niveaux de politique agricole dans l'UE Abstract: Within Ec, agricultural policy conveys several different messages, according to the variety of supporting tools and financing levels, in common as well in national budget. This does not mean that the Cap has gained the position of a «superpolicy», which would have been unifying and dominant. Loack of exhaustivity and of grass root contacts prevent such an evolution. Nor does it mean that any original casting has been achieved between common, national and regional agencies, as some préfiguration of a new agricultural compromise : if the CAP driven market liberalization is a tight constraint for states, it also reinforces their roles, as shown by the increasing number of issued regional support and direct aids, all of them fully adapted to national constitutional rules and budgets procedures. This institutional stock must therefore be interpreted as a conflicting juxtaposition which reflects the instability of relationships driven by compromises and crisis. Volume: 227 Number: 354205 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354205 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354205/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4728.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Chatellier, Vincent Author-Name: Ulmann, Laurence Title: Réforme de la PAC et répartition des paiements directs aux exploitations agricoles Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse the distribution of farm subsididies before and after the CAP reform. To acheive this purpose, we use a representative sample of french farms, the Farm Accountancy Data Network and pécari model simulations. In the first part of this paper, we compair the account of subsidies of farms from three french regions, Auvergne, Centre, Pays de la Loire. In the second part, we evaluate the level of subsidies for three systems of production (cereals and crops farms, milk farms, cattle farms) by taking the economical performance into account. Volume: 227 Number: 354206 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354206 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354206/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4729.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gouin, Daniel-Mercier Author-Name: Jean, Noëlla Author-Name: R. Fairweather, John Title: La réforme de la politique agricole en Nouvelle-Zélande : un modèle ou un cas spécifique ? Abstract: This article analyses the crisis of the New Zealand economy in the period preceeding the reform of the government economic policy undertaken since 1984. The importance of the agrifood sector in the New Zealand economy is shown. The article explains why the farm sector was the main target of the cutbacks in public expenditure and analyses the evolution of the costs of the agricultural policy in New Zealand. Finally, it explains what components of agricultural policy have been maintained after ten years of reform. Volume: 227 Number: 354207 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354207 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354207/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4730.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madjit Bouzit, Abdel Title: Apport du modèle d'utilité anticipée à l'analyse de l'attitude des exploitants agricoles face au risque Abstract: The expected utility theory is the most used theory to modelling risky production in agriculture. However, Allais and others suggested that people violate expected-maximisation in systematic ways. Such violations have led to develop anticipated utility theory that generalises the expected utility theory. This generalisation postulates that, in uncertains choices, individuals substitute elementary probabilities by weighting probabilities. This probabilities weighting is represented by a transformed function which takes a part in the risk aversion attitude. This paper investigates the use of new developments of the expected utility theory known as anticipated utility theory. An approach to estimate farmers' risk attitude is here presented. Questionnaires are designed to elicit both the utility function and the probability weighting function. Volume: 227 Number: 354208 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354208 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354208/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4731.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dury, Sandrine Author-Name: Lapenu, Cécile Title: Évolution du système financier rural à Java -Indonésie- Abstract: The authors describe the diversity and role of both informal and formal rural financial systems through the analysis of different case studies. They demonstrate that it is not justified to contrast the informal sector with the formal sector on the basis of interest rate levels: for comparable levels of services (by the lender) and guarantee (from the borrower), interest rates charged by both systems are equivalent. Until 1983, the formal financial sector was tightly controlled by interventionist public policies. Since 1983, the process of deregulation has led to a large increase in the number of banks and to sensible improvements in saving mobilisation. However, the amount and number of loans to the rural sector have decreased and are falling below the level of rural savings. Informal agents are thus playing a decisive role in credit and insurance systems, especially towards the poor. The institutional issue is now to create and develop suitable credit services to match the characteristics of rural demand, which does not meet the minimum requirements to enter the formal financial market. Volume: 227 Number: 354209 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354209 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354209/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4732.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paquotte, Philippe Title: La qualité en aquaculture : un enjeu dans la concurrence internationale Abstract: Despite its youth, aquaculture is an activity which is definitely subjected to the rules of international trade. The dependence on natural conditions is the first cause for the existence of national or regional comparative advantages. But both economic and institutional environment have to be taken into account when listing the assets or constraints of a location for implementing aquaculture. Aquaculture has to look for sources of competitiveness in quality, which includes not only freshness and good taste but also adequation to the increasing diversity of the demand, and in the control of the market chain. A quality process requires better control of the production factors and reduction of the dependency on natural environment Volume: 227 Number: 354210 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354210 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354210/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4733.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guigou, Jean-Louis Title: L'aménagement du territoire : Expériences et prospective Volume: 227 Number: 354211 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354211 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354211/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4735.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Title: Le « découplage » des aides par rapport à la production concept nouveau ou idée fallacieuse? Volume: 227 Number: 354212 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354212 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354212/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4737.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Bernard Bruneteau Les paysans dans l'État. Le gaullisme et le syndicalisme agricole sous la Ve République Volume: 227 Number: 354213 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354213 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354213/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4738_t1_0057_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tesnière, Christophe Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Title: 1.Kayserb. (Dir.) Naissance de nouvelles campagnes 2. Kayser B., Brun A., Cavailhès J., Lacombe P. Pour une ruralité choisie Volume: 227 Number: 354214 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354214 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354214/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4738_t1_0058_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 227 Number: 354215 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354215 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354215/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_227_1_4974.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buttoud, Gérard Title: L'évolution du commerce mondial des bois tropicaux : enjeux, stratégies, politiques Abstract: For reasons related to the dynamics of economy rather than to environmentalist concerns, the international trade in tropical timber has been affected from the end of the 70ies by a sound structural reorganization, which was quickened at the end of the 80ies and the result of which is a decrease of quantities exported together with important changes in the level of processing of products and in directions of trade. This reorganization, which corresponded to specific stratégies from producers and importers in the Pacific rim (the larger part of the world trade in tropical timber comes from South-East Asia for other asiatic countries), has been attended by voluntary statal policies related to these interests. Volume: 228 Number: 354216 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354216 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354216/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_228_1_4740.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354216 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gouyon, Anne Title: Compétitivité des filières et rôle des intermédiaires : Commercialisation de la production paysanne de caoutchouc naturel Abstract: The natural rubber market displays a gap between the consumer industries (mostly heavy industries using sophisticated technology) and the producers (mostly smallholders). The majority of smallholders rely on a network of middlemen for marketing their output on the world market, while large estates seem to have economies of scale at the marketing stage. After a brief presentation of the competition factors on the world rubber market, this papers presents the marketing network of Indonesian smallholder rubber, thus explaining how middlemen networks are able to contribute to the competitiveness of the smallholder industry. Volume: 228 Number: 354217 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354217 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354217/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_228_1_4741.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jarrige, Françoise Title: Le marché mondial du cacao : régulation mécanique ou stratégique ? Abstract: Is the regulation of world cocoa trade only a matter of price mechanism (price making according to supply and demand) ? Or are some dominant agents manipulating market parameters ? It is possible to explain the process working with an interpretation grid combining several economic paradigms : agents strategies interfere with structural parameters to shape in time and space the dynamics of world cocoa trade. Volume: 228 Number: 354218 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354218 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354218/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_228_1_4742.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin, Jean-Philippe Title: De Turgot à la nouvelle économie institutionnelle. Brève revue des théories économiques du métayage Abstract: In an evolutionary approach, classical economists understood sharecropping as a tenancy system imposed mainly by tenants' capital constraints. Later, the orthodox neoclassical economics has not been able to offer a satisfactory explanation of sharecropping. Since two decades, New Institutional economists have been analyzing the economic rationality of sharecropping in terms of risk, imperfect markets, asymmetrical information, and transaction costs. Volume: 228 Number: 354219 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354219 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354219/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_228_1_4743.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perrot, Christophe Author-Name: Landais, Etienne Author-Name: Pierret, Pascal Title: L'analyse des trajectoires des exploitations agricoles. Une méthode pour actualiser les modèles typologiques et étudier l'évolution de l'agriculture locale Abstract: To be useful for extension services (farmers advising and agricultural policies orientation), farm typology must be updated regularly. Nevertheless, typology updating can't be reduced to build ex nihilo a new typology. First, the previous typology provides essential references to analyse farm trajectories and to caracterize local agricultural changes. Then, the elaboration of the new typology is mainly based on the results of this first analysis. Volume: 228 Number: 354220 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354220 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354220/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_228_1_4744.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prod'homme, Jean-Pierre Title: Diversité des organisations rurales en Afrique noire et prémices d'un mouvement paysan Abstract: Northern as well as southern style of state intervention often led to mitigated results in black Africa. However, new conditions seem to favor recently more appropriate development practices, founded on the due recognition of peasants as full fledged decision makers. In the wake of various initiatives, new rural organizations have emerged during the last few dozens of years. Moste of them are focused on agricultural development. This fresh peasant movement constitutes a true social innovation. In order to secure its success, redefining the role of each partner in the development is urgent. It is also urgent to seek operational synergies, capable of ending in concrete actions, benefiting to peasants as well as to collectivity. Volume: 228 Number: 354221 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354221 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354221/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_228_1_4745.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Foko, Emmanuel Title: Les problèmes de financement de l'agriculture vivrière au Cameroun Cas du village Bafou Abstract: An analysis of financing problems facing the food crop sector has revealed that it is financed by four major sources namely: farmers' savings, loans, farm revenues and gifts. Investment expenses are financed mostly by savings for approximately 58,5% of the total amount. It has also appeared that farmers rely mostly either on autofinancing or on credit from informal sources. Solidarity continues to play an important role through gifts especially for young farmers. From these analysis, it seems that the best approach to solving financing problems for agriculture is to built a network of small size savings and loan cooperqtives. They can satisfy the needs for short term or even medium term funds, but the State will have to intervene for long term fundings. Volume: 228 Number: 354222 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354222 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354222/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_228_1_4746.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Indignation. Lutter contre les friches humaines Volume: 228 Number: 354223 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354223 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354223/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_228_1_4748.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354223 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Note de lecture. Gerald A. Carlson, David Zilberrman, John Miranowski Agricultural and environmental resource economics Volume: 228 Number: 354224 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354224 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354224/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_228_1_4749.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 228 Number: 354225 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354225 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354225/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_228_1_4975.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berger, Alain Author-Name: Rouzier, Jacques Title: L'espace rural, élargissement conceptuel et orientation méthodologique Abstract: The evolution of the rural area poses many questions and determines sometimes contradictory answers. More optimistic analyses referring to the rebirth or to the reconquest are opposed to the pessimistic vision who speaks of desertification and depopulation. In fact, the uncreasing complexity of the rural world questions the use of indicators still largely used in an exclusive manner. This poses in addition the problem of approach methodologies of rural milieus. This article provides on the one hand tracks to establish new indicators of rurality and proposes a process of analysis more suitable to include the uncreasing complexity of rural areas. Volume: 229 Number: 354226 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354226 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354226/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_229_1_4751.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Citoyenneté, individualisme, coopération et lien local Abstract: The citizenship question is akin to the convergence between individual and general interests. This question cannot be seriously examined without considering « values ». It was at the core of the founding fathers debate about the economic science, but is now relagated by modern economists in search of the objectivity which legitimates science. This ignorance was acceptable as long as « private vices were making public benefits », but it is no more the case when economics promote a process which contradicts commonly shared values. The promotion of citizen-like behaviours means to get out of the « prisoner's dilemna ». The local development processes, the implementation of the subsidiarity principle seem to be favourable directions to be explored in rural areas. Volume: 229 Number: 354227 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354227 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354227/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_229_1_4752.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guglielmi, Michel Title: Vers de nouvelles fonctions de l'agriculture dans l'espace ? Abstract: We can expect an increasing social demand relating for different functions of agriculture in rural space, but its effects will stay limited. Moreover it's necessary that supplies satisfy this demand. The analyse of some local cases shows that these supplies mainly depend of the historic, spatial ans socioeconomic singularities of the territories, cannot be possible everywhere and has to be sustained by active local policies. Volume: 229 Number: 354228 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354228 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354228/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_229_1_4753.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sahuc, Philippe Title: Du bureau de Poste à un poste d'observation des mutations rurales Abstract: An ethnographie research, joined up, for three years, with the practise of letter carrying in a valley of Pyrénées, allowed to point out the social groups and their mutual pictures. From observation of moments of collective life and interdependence has been drawn a typology of villages, that shows the importance of geographic situation. But nowadays, the stronger and stronger attachment for aesthetic of the frame of life makes the usual cleavings change and also makes new unions appear. These, joined up with the emergence of new kinds of actors, individual ones as new retired people and collective ones, as the organizations for rebirth of local culture, can give rise to new dynamics where the social evolution seemed to be stuck. Volume: 229 Number: 354229 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354229 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354229/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_229_1_4754.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barouch, Gilles Author-Name: Claudez, Patrick Title: La méthode patrimoine-qualité : un outil d'intervention pour une meilleure adéquation de l'offre agricole aux besoins de la société Abstract: The principal objective of this article is to show the economic and strategic importance of a better consideration of the new social demands with regard to agriculture for the society as a whole and for agriculture. In this respect, a method based on the reconciliation of the patrimonial and quality approach has been proposed. This method by its nature reveals the economic risks in relation to the new requirements of the society ans initiates a patrimonial and partner ship administration in particular regarding the quality of the environnement. Volume: 229 Number: 354230 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354230 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354230/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_229_1_4755.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phélinas, Pascale Title: La fin de la frontière agricole en Thaïlande Abstract: There has long been evidence of the influence of land distribution upon agricultural performance. However, the lack of secure ownership is expected to influence the farmer's decisions regarding the investment and the production techniques he may undertake. The objective of this paper is to highlight the impact of the land frontier on land access and land distribution in Thailand. The extent to which the land law deficiencies jeopardize the rice productivity improvement is then investigated. The rice sector was chosen because Thai agriculture has long been dominated by rice farming. Volume: 229 Number: 354231 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354231 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354231/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_229_1_4756.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lambert, Roger Author-Name: Romain, Robert Author-Name: Howard, Wayne Title: Gestion de l'offre et compétitivité des industries laitières au Canada Abstract: A survey indicates that Canadian processors achieve different performance results. Québec processors, which process half of the Canadian milk production, have been able to maintain their competitiveness along with their Americans counterparts, by specializing in products with high added value such as ice cream, yogourt and fluid milk, mainly by accepting the competitivity on domestic market. But the processors in others provinces which have rather kept specializing in products such as butter and dried milk, products for which the Goverment ensures the selling, are less competitive. Although all processors agree that the price paid to milk producers is much too high, the quota system of the Canadian dairy policy does not seem to have impeded their progress in productivity, particularly in Québec and in Ontario which account for 80 % of the entire Canadian milk industry. In fact, competitive market for high added value products has probably encourage processors to modernize. Volume: 229 Number: 354232 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354232 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354232/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_229_1_4757.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neveu, André Title: Agriculture : le grand tournant Volume: 229 Number: 354233 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354233 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354233/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_229_1_4759.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Note de lecture : Hedrich, Lia, Vennier, Vincq Introduction au raisonnement économique Volume: 229 Number: 354234 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354234 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354234/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_229_1_4760.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 229 Number: 354235 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354235 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354235/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_229_1_4976.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Title: Avant-propos Volume: 230 Number: 354236 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354236 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354236/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_230_1_4977.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Liste alphabétique Volume: 230 Number: 354237 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354237 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354237/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_230_1_4762.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Domaines de recherche Volume: 230 Number: 354238 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354238 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354238/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_230_1_4763.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des auteurs publiés en 1995 Volume: 230 Number: 354239 Year: 1995 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354239 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354239/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_230_1_4764.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: In memoriam : Pierre Coulomb (1937-1995) Volume: 231 Number: 354240 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354240 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354240/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4978.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Galliano, Danielle Author-Name: Pérez, Roland Title: Editorial Volume: 231 Number: 354241 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354241 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354241/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4765.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rainelli, Michel Title: La firme multinationale dans la nouvelle économie industrielle internationale Abstract: The aim of the paper is to survey two kinds of explanation for multinational firms. The first is developed in the context of the "old" industrial economics, based on entry barriers and transaction costs, the second in the frame of the "new" industrial economics, based on strategic comportment. It seems that the two approaches fail to explain empirical facts. Volume: 231 Number: 354242 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354242 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354242/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4766.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delapierre, Michel Title: Les firmes multinationales : évolutions structurelles et stratégies face à la mondialisation Abstract: The globalization is a turbulent and incertain business environment. The increasing multinationalisation of enterprises, the speeding up of innovation and deregulation have induced an intensification of competition and the breakdown of static entry barriers into industries. Multinational corporations combine two growth stategies based, on the first hand on mergers and acquisitions, to build quickly significant market shares, and, on the other hand, on strategic alliances aiming at the regulation of the modes of competition within industries in constant evolution. The spreading of strategic alliances indicates the emergence of new forms of organisation of work which, in turn, lead to the development of networked firms and knwledge based oligopolies. Volume: 231 Number: 354243 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354243 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354243/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4767.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pérez, Roland Title: Les stratégies des firmes multinationales alimentaires Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce a general pattern of analysis for multinational food firms' strategies (FMN-A). First, a general framework of analysis is set which is applicable to the study of firms/groups and more particularly of multinational firms. The same framework of analysis is then applied to the FMNA'S and their strategic duality, illustrated through the exemple of the Danone group. Finally, the main trends leading to changes within the context of competitiveness and their involvement at the level of firms' strategies are mentioned. Volume: 231 Number: 354244 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354244 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354244/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4768.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tozanli Oncuoglu, Selma Title: L'évolution des structures des groupes agro-industriels multinationaux pendant le dernier quart du XXe siècle Abstract: The food multinationals are the active actors of the globalisation process of the world economy. By diversifying their products and markets, and by an international expansion of their markets they adopt new strategies to pull themselves up in world ranking and to maximise their profits in order to stay competitive and efficient in a market submitted to continuous changes and continuously shrinking due to a stagnant consumer demand, especially in Western countries. In fact, we can trace some trends on the evolution of the world's agro-food system by observing their structural evolution. Volume: 231 Number: 354245 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354245 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354245/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4769.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vieille, Jean-Noël Title: Analyse des performances des leaders mondiaux de l'agro-alimentaire Abstract: A comparative study of the French companies versus their European and American counterparts shows that in France companies specialise more in the basic initial stage of food processing, which is a sign of structural weakness. However, from a financial point of view this sector remains in France very attractive and fairly sound. Of all industrial companies, it is still the one which generates the most free cash flow. Taking all these factors into account, and given the difficulties the industry is facing situation as far as the level of consumption is concerned (e.g. October 95), acontraction in this industry should be expected, the larger players absorbing their frailer competitors. It is indeed the only way for these companies to maintain an upward growth trend. Our analysis tries to pinpoint those companies best placed to benefit from this situation. Volume: 231 Number: 354246 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354246 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354246/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4770.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glais, Michel Title: Les entreprises de grande taille face au droit communautaire de la concurrence Application au cas des multinationales de l'agro-alimentaire Abstract: Being subjected to the regulation of the E.C. policy, multinational companies can see their price, commercial and external growth policy questioned, as soon as they are found guilty of « dominant position » on one or several markets. The methodology adopted by the competition authorities to make such a diagnosis leads the companies of the agri-foodstuffs sector to be all the more vulnerable to the 86 article of the Treaty of Rome and to the regulations of the E.C. policy about concentration. Volume: 231 Number: 354247 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354247 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354247/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4771.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvander, Bertil Title: Normalisation et concurrence internationale : La politique de qualité alimentaire en Europe Abstract: In this article we wish to show, according to different economical approaches, that normalization creates contradictorial and situated tendencies in the frame of the economical globalization. One actor may hesitate to adopt standards since their building and their adoption modify their duties and their justifications. Thus, conditions of competition between firms and between « normalization areas » may be changed. In this way, the main point becomes the socio-eco- nomical process itself of the standards building. The article is based on several examples in the agricultural and food sector. Volume: 231 Number: 354248 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354248 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354248/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4772.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rama, Ruth Title: Les multinationales et l'innovation Localisation des activités technologiques de l'agro-alimentaire Abstract: This study analyzes the geographicalm location of specialized tehcnological affiliates and their relative importance in the structure of large agro-industrial multinationals. These laboratories have an independent status within the firm; they play a significant role in the coordination of the firm R-D activities and in the development of generic technology which may be used in various trades. The study also analyzes the technological exchanges taking place between these large firmes and their « filière ». Attention is also devoted to the internationalization of R-D in agro-industries. Europe, and especially France, has benefited from this process. These countries are becoming hosts to international laboratories working in fields such as R-D in protein, biotechnology and engineering. By contrast, with the exception ofbritish multinationals, these types of laboratories are relativeley less important in the structure of Japanese multinationals. Volume: 231 Number: 354249 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354249 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354249/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4773.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 231 Number: 354250 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354250 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354250/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_231_1_4774.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Author-Name: Daucé, Pierre Title: La préretraite en agriculture 1992-1994. Premier bilan et éléments d'impact structurel Abstract: The early retirement policy was implemented in France in 1992 for a three-years period and was included in the accompanying measures of the cap reform. This paper presents the first results of this policy and some elements for an assessment of its structural impact. About 40 000 farmers (from 55 to 59 years old) benefit by the measure and released about 1 300 000 ha that were used mainly by young holders to enlarge their farm. The early retirement policy has made easier the adaptation of the French agriculture to the CAP reform but it could lead to a strong reduction of the land market during next years. Volume: 232 Number: 354251 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354251 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354251/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_232_1_4776.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brangeon, Jean-Louis Author-Name: Jégouzo, Guenhaël Author-Name: Quinqu, Maurice Title: Politique de préretraite et bas revenus agricoles Abstract: An early retirement scheme was applied as a cap accompanying measure in France since 1992. Even though this policy does not take the low income farmers as its target, it speeded up the decrease in the number and the duration of agricultural employments with low return. The results of an inquiry for 1992-93 period revealed a real but restricted impact of the measure. Many factors determine the choice between early retirement and going on farming; their influence was tested. Volume: 232 Number: 354252 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354252 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354252/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_232_1_4777.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Author-Name: Blogowski, Alain Author-Name: Boyer, Philippe Title: Réforme de la PAC et réduction des inégalités de revenu agricole. Premiers effets en France Abstract: Based on the Farm Accounting Data Network, the analysis of french farm incomes evolution from 1991 to 1993 (first years under cap reform) shows a clear decrease of disparities bet- wen natural handicaps areas. The new mechanisms of agricultural income support and farmer's adaptations to this new deal explain this breaking off of the former trend. For instance, direct subsidies based on farm structures (acreage, cattle), instead of former production-proportional prices support, involve higher relative increases in farm incomes of mountain or less favoured areas, wich are less productive per acre. The extra subsidies granted to extensive breeding, widely present in disadvantaged areas, accentuate the decoupling between land productivity and income support. However, in 1994, the less favoured areas looses a part of their advantage, wile the other regions increases their incomes. in the future, the evolution of cap measures up to reform completion will not have accentuated effects on incomes diparities reduction; the greater part of planned mechanisms have applied between 1991 et 1993. Volume: 232 Number: 354253 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354253 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354253/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_232_1_4779.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Author-Name: Legagneux, Bruno Author-Name: Lhermite, Michelle Author-Name: Vignau-Loustau, Laurent Title: Les effets de la réforme de la PAC sur le revenu des éleveurs spécialisés en viande bovine de Midi-Pyrénées Abstract: Cattle breeders of Midi-Pyrénées, mostly located in disavantaged areas, have generally very low incomes. For this kind of producers, the cap reform will have had, at the end of the transitory period (1995) a positive financial impact, due to the entensive systems of production, the nature of the products (low value-added) and the favourable market prices situation since 1992. Volume: 232 Number: 354254 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354254 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354254/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_232_1_4780.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vercherand, Jean Title: La jachère : une maîtrise de la production coûteuse Abstract: This article compares a strategy of fall of yield with the one of set aside in rotation to reach a same drop in production of grains and seeds. The first way would be actually much cheaper than the second one in inputs, in variable costs, and neutral in work. Volume: 232 Number: 354255 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354255 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354255/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_232_1_4781.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquart, Dominique Author-Name: Mazenc, Lucien Title: Dynamique et financement des filières agro-alimentaires : le cas des filières viande en Midi-Pyrénées Abstract: The objective is to analyse in detail the relationships between real and financial spheres in the concrete case of the meat channels and of the Midi-Pyrénées Region. The autors first show that the important economic difficulties of the breeding activity to which add a fragile financial situation of the wholesale industry, the regression of craftoman's butcher's, an intra-channel financial solidity which is not much developped and the lack of financial commitment from hypermarkets and supermarkets in local activities are many factors which explain the difficulties of the regional links of the meat channels to ensure their widened reproduction. It is then underlined that in the actual context of an exacerbated competition, the different links of the meat channels which are present in the Midi-Pyrénées region are all confronted with important investment needs which are not satisfied by the different kinds of outside financial contributions in spite of the importance of public helps. Volume: 232 Number: 354256 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354256 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354256/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_232_1_4783.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubeuf, Brigitte Title: La construction d'un produit de terroir haut de gamme : le beaufort Abstract: Competition implicated the beaufort production model. For coping with deep identity's crisis at the end of fifty years, Beaufort cheese producers get organized and constructed the quality of their product. This paper shows, how this local cheese of quality, of which the notoriety is today acknowledged, has been constructing. Volume: 232 Number: 354257 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354257 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354257/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_232_1_4784.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Negro, Yves Title: Le secteur sanitaire et social en milieu rural : un secteur d'avenir? Abstract: Medical and social activities in rural sphere are often perceived as throwing out from urban environment. They constitute in fact one of the structuring axis of the economic fabric of rural areas, offering them a number sometimes very large of jobs. There are therefore in great demand by the rural elect concerned about economic development. The main attractive factor that accounts for the présence of establishments for physically dependent people however remains the low cost of both land and rural estate in the rural sphere, wich expresses on a economic point of view an alleged inclination for rural areas to receive any excluded people. Volume: 232 Number: 354258 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354258 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354258/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_232_1_4786.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 232 Number: 354259 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354259 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354259/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_232_1_4979.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Avant-propos Abstract: CAP'S reform leads to a deep remodelling of agricultural's support methods. "Apparent" aids, incumbent to tax payers, succeed to "invisible" aids at consumer's charge. Last five years, EEC's market supports dropped from 12,3 to 3,4 thousand millions ecu, while direct aids increasead by 18,2 thousand millions. That new legibleness of european's farmers financial supports goes with great variations of their sectorial and geographical affectation. Thus, while expenses in arable crops sector, especially cereals, are substantially growing, one observed a decrease of dairy sector's expenses. Public expenditures relative value for breeding's cattle are stable all over the period. Taking in account high level of arable land's and live-stock's owned by french farmers, CAP'S reform first years lead to a substantial increase of public expenditures in favor of french agriculture : 58 thousand millions of francs in 1991, more than 75 in 1995. That growth, substantial greater than european public outlays, leads to an increase of France's share in these outlays : 19,7 % in 1991, 24 % in 1994, and probably 25% in 1995. Volume: 233 Number: 354260 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354260 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354260/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4982.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blogowski, Alain Author-Name: Hairy, Denis Title: Le redéploiement des concours publics à l'agriculture dans la CEE et en France Abstract: Since 1992, price support and other subsidies to agricultural production have cost consumers and taxpayers in OECD countries about US$350 billion a year. These subsidies, moreover, have distorted trade patterns and heightened tensions and conflicts between countries. In 1987, OECD countries committed themselves to reducing total support and to moving from output related subsidies to other policy measures, such as direct payments, which let producers and consumers react to market signals. The main advantage of direct payments is that they can be designed to be less economically distorting while improving support transparency and efficiency. They can be better targeted to farmers whose situations are deemed to warrant such payments. They stand in contrast with market price support measures and other production linked measures of support, which mainly benefit the largest producers who may not warrant such support. Volume: 233 Number: 354261 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354261 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354261/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4787.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Portugal, Luis Title: Le rôle des paiements directs dans la réforme des politiques agricoles Abstract: This work explains the results of a survey which is mainly based on the "National Accounts" and which accords to weigh up, from the first oil crisis, the extent of public funds allocated to the working of the whole economy and specially of agriculture which has become one of the branches which is the most reliant on budgetary funds as it gets the third of the whole funds. It's true that feoga's expenditures in favour of France correspond to the 30% of the funds of the financial assistances issued to production system. Aids to the agricultural sector have reached such a level that on average, each producer has received for the last campaign, by way of income, the exchange value of two net SMIC, the first one earned by its marketable production and the other one granted through direct payment Volume: 233 Number: 354262 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354262 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354262/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4788.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: Évaluation des concours budgétaires au système productif : aides directes à l'agriculture et à l'économie non agricole Abstract: After having stayed virtually unchanged from 1983 until 1990, the share of social security benefits in national income started to rise again in the beginning of the 90s. The sluggish growth of the early 90s and the 1993 recession are the main reasons for this recent increase. In fact, since the mid-70s, there has been an increase in the share of social security benefits during every economic downturn. Over the past ten years, there has been a sharp slowdown in the increase of social benefits. This change is notably due to restrictions of benefit entitlement conditions and the stability of most benefits in real terms. Volume: 233 Number: 354263 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354263 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354263/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4789.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Concialdi, Pierre Title: Ajustement économique et transferts sociaux Abstract: The preparation of the new Farm Bill, that should govern the support programs to agriculture during the 1996-2002 period, has given rise to a big debate on the amount of direct payments to farmers, their form and their distribution. The Congress has proposed to reduce subsidies and to decouple them from production in order to diminish the intervention of the Federal government and favor a more marketoriented agriculture. The goal is to increase the insertion of the farm sector in the world economy to take advantage of the rising food demand. For free trade advocates, the current boom in world agricultural markets offers a unique opportunity to depart radically from the traditional farm policy that has been implemented since the New Deal. Volume: 233 Number: 354264 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354264 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354264/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4790.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debar, Jean-Christophe Title: Les aides directes à l'agriculture aux États-Unis : le débat du Farm Bill Abstract: Utility maximising allocation of time between leisure and labour would imply to adjust labour supply to the level of non-labour income. Therefore, agricultural support measures that are decoupled from production or working activities, may be expected to decrease the amount of labour supplied by farm households. This article reports an empirical investigation of the labour supply response to variations in non-labour income in a sample of Danish farm households. The sample was partitioned according to a range of characteristics assumed to express features of the households' utility function. Elasticities of labour supply with respect to non-labour income and wages are reported and illustrated by policy scenarios. Results suggest that the magnitude of labour response to decoupled payments may be significantly different between the household groups identified. Policy implications are discussed. Volume: 233 Number: 354265 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354265 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354265/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4791.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kjeldahl, Rasmus Title: Offre de travail des ménages agricoles et revenu découplé : une enquête au Danemark Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse the distribution of farm sub- sididies before and after the CAP reform (1994). To acheive this purpose, we use a representative sample of french farms, the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). We compare the account of subsidies and we evaluate the effects of a limitation of direct payments per agricultural labour unit (50000 FF, 100000 FF, 150000 FF). This analysis is based on three systems of production (cereals and crops farms, milk farms, cattle farms) and take the economical dimension into account. Volume: 233 Number: 354266 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354266 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354266/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4792.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Chatellier, Vincent Title: Modulation des aides et emploi : scénarios pour l'agriculture française Abstract: Debates about the new CAP focus on the question of public support distribution. The article analyses the evolution of the economic, sociologie and institutional context. Then, it presents the three schools of thinking which are discussing inside the French farm movement : the economic school supports the new PAC; the protectionist school pretends to rebuild a preferential European market; the modulation school wants to equalize the access to the public support. The conclusion insists upon the interest to study the problem of scale economies in farm sector to precise how the CAP could combine equity and efficiency. Volume: 233 Number: 354267 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354267 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354267/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4793.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Title: Les syndicats agricoles français et la répartition des aides publiques : contexte et contenu du débat Abstract: Some EU common policies could be more efficient if they were managed in a decentralised way by national agents (member states or regions) who are more able to fine-tune these policies to local conditions. This might, however, lead to a renationalisation of the CAP, generating competition distortions between countries. Delegation of EU policies to national agents is seen as a trade-off between information (efficiency of local management) and the risk of "conclusion" (i.e. a converging interests between States and producers for benefiting from EU funding). Recent contributions of economic theory of contracts and information are illustrated with the case of EU agri-environmental payments. Volume: 233 Number: 354268 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354268 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354268/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4794.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bontems, Philippe Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Title: Les paiements directs aux agriculteurs dans l'Union européenne : politique communautaire ou politiques nationales? Volume: 233 Number: 354269 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354269 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354269/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4795.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Paul Bairoch Mythes et paradoxes de l'histoire économique Volume: 233 Number: 354270 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354270 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354270/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4980_t1_0063_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Luc Rouban et Marie-Françoise Souchon-Zahn L'espace politique en milieu rural Volume: 233 Number: 354271 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354271 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354271/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4980_t1_0063_0000_5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Jean-François Chosson (dir.) Peuple et culture. 1945-1995. 50 ans d'innovations au service de l'éducation populaire Volume: 233 Number: 354272 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354272 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354272/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4980_t1_0064_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreau, Robert Title: Jacques Blanchet et Denis Lefèvre PAC, GATT, OMC... Le grand chambardement Volume: 233 Number: 354273 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354273 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354273/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4980_t1_0065_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 233 Number: 354274 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354274 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354274/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4981.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chominot, Albert Author-Name: Daviron, Benoît Author-Name: Griffon, Michel Title: Introduction Volume: 234-235 Number: 354275 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354275 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354275/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4796.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daviron, Benoît Title: Quelques faits marquants de la dynamique récente des échanges de produits alimentaires Abstract: The renewal of international food trade, recorded since 1989, comes along with a considerable alteration of his compound and geography. Grains are loosing their central position for the benefit of animal proteins (meat and fish), fruits and vegetables. Import demand is gradualy rocking to Asia while a tripoly, opposing United States, EU and developping Asia, is emerging. This upsetting of the hierarchy of the countries comes along with a stronger regional trade in Asia and America, and, on the contrary, weaker internal relations in Eurafrica. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354276 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354276 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354276/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4797.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sturgess, Ian Title: Sécurité alimentaire, auto-suffisance et protectionnisme dans les pays industrialisés Abstract: The continuing influence of the notion that self-sufficiency in foodstuffs increases or maintains food security is demonstrated. The dearth of economic analysis is noted and tentatively redressed. The risks and costs of food insecurity in rich countries are systematically investigated. Then critically assessed is the contribution of policies which maintain self-sufficiency, irrespective of their effects on the form of agricultural production. Finally some elements of a more effective policy are proposed, involving storage, international contracts, and preparation for consumption adjustment. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354277 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354277 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354277/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4798.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D'Hauteville, François Title: Marketing global et mondialisation des marchés agro-alimentaires Abstract: From a marketing point of view, globalization means that global marketing strategies are superior to multi-national approaches of markets. The choice of global marketing has therefore something to do with the internationalization of markets at consumption level. This paper describes the concept of globalization, its relations with those of international trade and international corporate strategies, and exposes the hypothesis of a link between globalization of demand and internationalization of economies. In this purpose, we examine the choice processes and quality perception of the consumer, as well as the strategies of trade marketing deve- lopped at distribution level. We show in our findings those factors that are favorable to global marketing, and those factors who limit such strategies. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354278 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354278 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354278/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4799.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pérez, Roland Title: Sur l'internationalisation des industries et des stratégies des firmes alimentaires Abstract: In this first part of this paper the internationalization process of food industries is analyzed in connection with firms' strategies. Particular stress is laid on the various types of internationalization and the operational policies of firms. Those strategies, whether they arise from a search for competitiveness by means of cost or differentiation, involve decisions in the field of internationalization. In a second part, the structural strategies of firms are dealt with. It is shown that multinational firms play a major role in the internationalization of food industries and constitute the foundation stone of the whole food sector dynamics. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354279 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354279 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354279/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4800.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chaour, Chérifa Author-Name: Lanini, Luca Author-Name: Nicolas, François Title: Le rôle des firmes d'amont dans la globalisation et la régionalisation Le cas de la filière poulets de chair Abstract: Standardisation is a condition of the globalization. It allowed the creation of the ches ter of industries whid produce broilers. In this chestr, some activités are worldwide, whereas others may be organized only at a local or regional level. The diversification de la demande is one the globaliszation limitation, lies in institutional forms put on national industrial structures. Local and régional context has to stimulate copétition and innovation activities of companies, specially through investments in R and D. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354280 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354280 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354280/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4801.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354280 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Priolon, Joël Title: Changements techniques et localisation des activités Le cas de l'industrie semencière Abstract: Globalization is a fudamental tendency of economic dynamics ; However, in some cases, sectorial specificities hinder that trend. For exemple, the internationalization of seed companies is hampered by the need to adapt crops to different environmental conditions. Are biotechnologies able to make seed industry world-wide development easier ? Volume: 234-235 Number: 354281 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354281 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354281/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4802.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boutonnet, Jean-Pierre Title: Le marché international des viandes : un régulateur des marchés alimentaires nationaux? Abstract: International meat trade has been increasing, for the last fourty years, faster than world production. The increase of world meat production is the result of a larger utilization of grain in animal feeding. Only a few countries are mainly exporters (Oceania) or importers (Far East or South West Asia). The bulk of world meat trade is the result of market adjustments. Meat trade is one of the way of adjusting supply and demand of meat, grains, milk, oilseeds, and of allocation of agricultural land (pasture/crop). What proportion of the grain will be, in the future, traded as meat ? Volume: 234-235 Number: 354282 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354282 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354282/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4803.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lançon, Frédéric Title: Note de recherche La protection du marché du soja en Indonésie. Justifications et contraintes Volume: 234-235 Number: 354283 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354283 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354283/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4804.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Author-Name: Loeillet, Denis Title: Le marché mondial de la banane : entre globalisation et fragmentation Abstract: This article examines the world banana market over a long period. It brings to light the great diversity in production systems, from gathering economies to agro-industrial plantations and the strong internationalisation in the sector in Central America and in the Andes, in certain countries in Africa and the Antilles. The European market, highly coveted, is the first in size and price. The world market is dominated by three "historic" North American multinational companies, a British and an Irish firm, new entrants. At the present time, it is divided into two large zones : open market for the dollar-banana, protected market for the European Union. The perspectives for the globalization, after the end of the Bcmo, are strong, taking into account the multiple technological, financial and especially geopolitical restraints which weigh on this very symbolic product. In this turbulent context, the partners in the sector will have to develop original differentiation (quality, brands) and alliance (critical size) strategies to ensure their survival. In order to accomplish this, it is indispensable to have a long-term forecast. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354284 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354284 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354284/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4805.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scoppola, Margherita Title: Entreprises multinationales et politiques nationales sur les marchés agricoles mondiaux Abstract: National policies have affected the investment's pattern of multinational firms, which trade and process agricultural products. The paper examines how agricultural policies and taxation have contributed to determine the location of firms in the grain and oilseeds trading and processing industries, where few multinational control 85 % of world markets, in first processing industries, firms have invested in countries protecting domestic markets, white in the trading industry, firms have invested in exporting (importing) capacity in countries subsidising agricultural exports (imports). The reform of agricultural polices is likely to induce a world-wide reallocation of investments, determined more by comparative advantages than by policy. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354285 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354285 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354285/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4806.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Bredahl, Maury Author-Name: J. Bullock, Bruce Title: Politique agricole et alimentaire des États-Unis Abstract: The forces for change - the trade and fiscal deficit, the perceived infairness of agricultural policies and the shift in politival power to the Repiblicans - overcame the vested self- interests of farmers and their political allies and so lead to a dramatic change in US food and agricultural policies. Direct payments were decoupled from market prices ant the level of supply, as farmers will receive fixed annual payments for the next seven years. In turn, farmers will not face supply restrictions and will have almost complete freedom to plant whatever they choose, and so will respond to market forces. The stance that the Us will take in international forums will reflect its domestic programs, wich suggest increased confrontations with the European Union. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354286 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354286 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354286/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4807.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chibbaro, Arnaldo Title: ALENA : implications pour les exportations Centre-Américaines et Caribéennes vers les Etats-Unis Abstract: The main features of alena are described, with emphasis on agriculture. Because of changes in tariff and non tariff protection rules, relative competitivenesses are changing, both between countries within the region, and between the region and Mexico. This does not mean that the new emerging situation will last for long. New agreements may reshaffle the cards again. Above all, permanent comparative advantages are probably more important than preferences in explaining trade. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354287 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354287 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354287/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4808.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chaloult, Yves Author-Name: Hillcoat, Guillermo Title: Intégration et compétitivité dans le Mercosur Vers une introversion des échanges agricoles et agro-alimentaires? Abstract: MERCOSUR is an original feature of the Latin American Integration process which occurs in the context of unilateral trade liberalisation of its member countries. During the 1990- 1994 period, intrazone trade has increased faster than total trade of members. This has been true for all categories of products. Concerning agricultural products, the marked increase in trade is mainly due to the tradecreating influence of Mercosur, with countries basing their respective competitiveness on comparative advantage. These countries are complementary and, given the size of its market, Brazil, while remaining very competitive for processed food products, appears as a "natural customer" for the other three members. Since trade also concerns some sensitive products it is necessary to devise compensation procedures and rules for harmonisation. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354288 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354288 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354288/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4809.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry de Frahan, Bruno Author-Name: Libert, Patricia Title: Le commerce intra-banche dans l'industrie agro-alimentaire européenne. Une nouvelle forme de globalisation Abstract: At a high level of desegregation, this study examines between 1980 and 1990 the evolution of bilateral intra-in- dustry trade (HT) in the 18 NACE branches of the food industry of seven European countries. This type of trade is particularly important for Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and France and has increased considerably for Spain, Italy and, to a lesser extent, the United Kingdom. Most of the food branches, particularly starch and grain milling, show increases in bilateral HT. Using HT theoretical models, this study identifies the main determinants underlying this new form of trade. These determinants are as much a reflection of country-specific characteristics as attributes of the particular industry branch. This study suggests that HT in the European food sector will continue to increase with the increase in per capita incomes, the levelling out in per capita incomes across European countries, the reduction in the common external tariff, the complete elimination of non-tariff barriers among European countries, the continuing integration of European markets and, finally, further technological development in food manufacturing. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354289 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354289 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354289/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4810.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tracy, Michaël Title: L'Union européenne et l'Europe centrale et orientale. Politique agricole et incidences commerciales Abstract: During the "pre-accession" period, the European Union grants to the Central and Eastern European countries tariff preferences on agri-food products, mostly subject to quantitative limits. However, the CEECS have not so far taken full advantage of these concessions, while exports by the EU to the CEECS are increasing significantly. As regards agricultural policy in an enlarged Union, there is a difference of opinion between those who put in question the CAP, stressing the excessive cost of applying it in the CEECS, and those who reject such an approach, considering that the 1992 MacSharry reform is working. Indeed, while the CAP is not in crisis, the Commission is unlikely to propose radical reform. The CEECS, however, need dear guidance, especially as regards price policy, the role of compensatory payments and production quotas. The Commission must work out a strategy to this effect. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354290 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354290 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354290/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4811.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Cenival, Laure Title: Vers un espace agricole euro-méditerranéen? Abstract: Speaking about structures and trade, the agriculture in the EU and in the Mediterranean countries is very mixed, both in the North and in the South. About geopolitics and institutions, relationships between these two regions during the last 30 years pass from cooperation and aid to mutual partnership. But as négociations are only between governments, economic and social concerns are still subordinated to strategic interests of Europe and the USA. Balanced agricultural relations between the Eu and the mediterranean countries can only developed upon a dialogue about politics, gathering social and economical participants of civil society. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354291 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354291 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354291/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4812.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pradelle, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Snrech, Serge Title: Le rôle des marchés dans la transformation à long terme de l'agriculture ouest-africaine Abstract: African agriculture is presently in the middle of a transformation process, from a situation dominated by self-sufficiency strategies (risk aversion, low capital investment, priority to economic diversification) to a situation where agriculture is more diversified, more intensive and more integrated in the overall economy. Although the most visible part of this transition is the development of export crops, the main factor behind this evolution is urbanization, which gives rise to a local commercial demand for agricultural products, resulting from the local division of labor. Urbanization should provide the largest contribution to agricultural growth in the next decades, as export markets remain uncertain. World markets influence this local division of labor by dumping their unmarketable products in the region. These products compete both with local food and crafts production, the workers of which constitute the principal market of peasants. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354292 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354292 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354292/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4813.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suzuki, Fukumatsu Title: Le système alimentaire au Japon et la globalisation de l'économie agro-alimentaire Abstract: Japanese food consumption is changing under the influence of occidental styles : less rice and more meat, oils, vegatables and drinks. It leads to increase imports. Japan used to import feed grains for livestock and is nowprefering direct meat importation. Great Japanese firms are investing in South-Est Asia in order to produce meat -mainly chiken- for their captive national market. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354293 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354293 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354293/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4814.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maekawa, Tetsuya Title: L'industrie japonaise des semences Abstract: The Japanese seed sector strategy can be characterized by its internationalization, specially in Asia. Japanese firms delocate their national production investing in countries of the region because of the hight production costs in Japan and of the exchange rate. This new competitiveness allows these firms to export seeds on other markets. The second characteristic is the importance of investments in biotechnologies. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354294 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354294 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354294/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4815.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wen, Simei Title: Les récents développements de la politique de réforme agricole en Chine Abstract: Chinese agriculture is one of the oldest in the world. After the collectivism, deregulation came with different steps : land restitution, contracts between the State and farmers, aleviation of the controls on these contracts, and at last deregulation of markets and prices. Growth in agriculture reached 6 % during 15 years. This growth was accompanied by a fast industrialization process, particularly in rural areas. Now, Chinese agriculture have to face new challenges : small farms, relative decreasing of agricultural income, less infrastructure and rapid demand diversification. Volume: 234-235 Number: 354295 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354295 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354295/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4816.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fontguyon, Guy de Title: Jean-Pierre Boutonnet et Jean-Paul Simier Les viandes Volume: 234-235 Number: 354296 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354296 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354296/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4817_t1_0117_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Sous la direction de Philippe Chalmin Les marchés mondiaux 96 Volume: 234-235 Number: 354297 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354297 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354297/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4817_t1_0117_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Title: Bertrand Hervieu Les agriculteurs Volume: 234-235 Number: 354298 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354298 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354298/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4817_t1_0118_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Garcia Azcarte, Tomas Title: A. Tristan, Médart Lebot Au-delà des haies Visite aux paysans de l'Ouest Volume: 234-235 Number: 354299 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354299 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354299/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4817_t1_0118_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Title: Actes du septième colloque international organisé en collaboration avec l'Ecole Nationale d'Administration Publique du Québec. Montréal, 3-4 novembre 1994La gestion des collectivités locales et régionales face à l'incertitude Volume: 234-235 Number: 354300 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354300 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354300/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4817_t1_0119_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Title: Le Déméter 96 - Économie et stratégies agricoles Les enjeux de l'agriculture dans le monde Évolution • Prospectives • Statistiques Volume: 234-235 Number: 354301 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354301 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354301/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4817_t1_0120_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 234-235 Number: 354302 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354302 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354302/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4983.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Landais, Etienne Title: Typologies d'exploitations agricoles. Nouvelles questions, nouvelles méthode Abstract: Following an analysis of the new social demands with regard to farm typologies, the autor compares two new methods. These have emerged from the traditional approach in Frenc agronomy of producing typologies based on the concept of farm functioning. Volume: 236 Number: 354303 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354303 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354303/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4819.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joulie, Isabelle Author-Name: Perichon, Catherine Author-Name: Pons, Yves Author-Name: Steyaert, Patrick Title: Une typologie d'exploitations spatialisées : outil de diagnostic régional de l'agriculture Abstract: The spatialisation of a typology of functioning was made through the regional diagnosis of the cereal farms of the Rochefort and Poitou marshlands. The realised typology is based on different strategies of management, and particularly on marketing. The distribution of these types in the space is not homogeneous but depends on two main criteria : physical background and economic environment Linking territory to typologies of functioning seems particularly interesting. Indeed, it permits to take in account the notion of potentialities of evolution of the farm (linked to its type and to its territory). Moreover, this tool of regional diagnosis permits to treat problems needing collective solutions. Volume: 236 Number: 354304 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354304 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354304/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4820.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mormont, Marc Title: Agriculture et environnement : pour une sociologie des dispositifs Abstract: This paper aims at providing an analytical model of the environmental regulations of agriculture. These firstly can be distinguished according the object, the underlying meaning of environment, the incentives, the scale and mode of implementation. But some case-studies show that regulation have to solve technical/scientific uncertainties and economic/social ones as well: this can only be done by mobilizing and coordinating hererogeneous elements. Considering these processes a new typology of institutional settings is drawn up. It emphasizes the double constraint of any regulation : it has to fit in the logic of one institutional setting and has to be developed within a communicational process that gives credibility and reliability to each involved actor. Volume: 236 Number: 354305 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354305 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354305/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4822.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Romagny, Bruno Title: La taxation des pollutions agricoles. Le cas des moulins à huile dans les Alpes-Maritimes Abstract: This article, through the study of the taxation of oil crushers emissions in the Alpes-Maritimes, is analyzing the compatibility between, the land planning policies on one hand, whose aim is to avoid the desertification of rural and natural areas, and on the other hand, the environmental policies concerning the preservation of the aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, this analysis integrates the cross-border dimension and the negative results of the taxation, in terms of olive growers' drain towards Italy and the province of Imperia. The author will try to bring up a picture of the taxation effects over all the olive growing sector, underlying the powerful links between production and processing sectors and will wonder about the future of this traditional activity in the Alpes-Maritimes. Volume: 236 Number: 354306 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354306 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354306/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4823.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rodrigo, Isabel Title: Les déterminants du choix professionnel dans l'agriculture familiale au Portugal Abstract: On the basis of ethnographie data collected in Portugal, the aim of the paper is to identify the factors that explain career options made by individual members of farm family households. Behaviour changes between age cohorts is a central issue in this analysis. Professional decisions made by the younger show a rural society fragmented on its traditions. Younger make their career decisions on the confrontation with urban social segments and their options are increasingly becoming a matter of sober reflections based on life-styles and ways of living aspirations more than on traditionally prescribed roles. Volume: 236 Number: 354307 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354307 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354307/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4825.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oliveira Santos, Rui Title: L'impact de la politique d'installation et de modernisation agricoles au Portugal Abstract: The article takes stock of the implementation in Portugal of Ec Regulation n° 797/85 on improving the efficiency of agricultural structures. It aims at assessing the actions designed to favour settling and modernizing in agriculture and consequently a wellbalanced development of the country. It is based on research studies concerning the analysis of the agricultural settling process in Portugal. This process is defined as starting from the date when a new farmer gains control of a farm to the date when he actually manages it. Volume: 236 Number: 354308 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354308 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354308/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4826.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dulcire, Michel Title: Le jeu de l'implication et le feu de l'engagement : chroniques nicaraguayennes Abstract: It is now well-known that quality of the technical solutions is interdependent with those who produce and apply them. The invention of a different agriculture, reclamed by numerous researchers and institutions calls for the invention of different relationships between research, development and production. These three poles have to learn to work together so that they may build a new research object where everyone will provide his know-how. This practice isn't so easy for the agronomist who tries to do so by reconciling research and action, through a permanent to and fro process of construction-de- construction-reconstruction and finally taking distance. For five years in a researchdevelopment project in Nicaragua, the researcher, initially an observer, became involved and then truly participated in the action with the extensionists. The itinerary, the resistance, the doubts, the interest, and the lessons of this social experimentation are thus drawn. Volume: 236 Number: 354309 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354309 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354309/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4828.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Author-Name: Brun, André Title: Les limites de la coopération Volume: 236 Number: 354310 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354310 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354310/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4830.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Garcia Azcarate, Tomas Title: La politique agricole commune : contribution à un débat Volume: 236 Number: 354311 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354311 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354311/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4832.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 236 Number: 354312 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354312 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354312/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4833.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des auteurs Volume: 236 Number: 354313 Year: 1996 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354313 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354313/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_236_1_4984.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Avant-Propos Volume: 237 Number: 354314 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354314 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354314/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4834.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chiche, Jean Author-Name: Hervieu, Bertrand Title: Les agriculteurs dans les consultations électorales de 1992 à 1995 Abstract: Among 3 862 metropolitan cantons, 1 025 are cantons where, at least, 10 % heads of family are farmers. Electoral results booked in these cantons at the time of the referendum of Maastricht on the 20 th septembre 1992, parliamentary elections on 1993, european elections on 1994 and presidential election on 1995 are analysed. The moderate right-wing increases strongly in these cantons (9 points). The right orientation of this electorate is confirmed. The Goustat list (Hunters) registered a higher score than the national average at the european elections ; and Edouard Balladur made points at the presidential election. A majority of these cantons said "no " at the referendum of Maastricht but those of them who said "yes" were of higher proportion than the national average. Volume: 237 Number: 354315 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354315 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354315/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4835.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Author-Name: Chiche, Jean Title: Le comportement des ruraux lors des élections municipales de juin 1995 Abstract: Local elections are a good field of research to study rural dwellers ' behaviour. Small cities, less than 3 500 inhabitants, may be isolated. The poll is not the same than for great towns. They represent 40 % of the electors and 45 % of the voters. For the previous elections, in 1983 and 1989, the lists baptized "others" were chosen by about 20 % of the voters. They dropped to less than 1 %. In 1995, the Home Secretary hoped the proximity of the presidential election would favour the current majority. In fact, it has only "politized" the attitude of the candidates. "Right" and "Left" are more important, secondary forces do not meet with success. Volume: 237 Number: 354316 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354316 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354316/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4836.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Platone, François Title: Le comportement électoral des agriculteurs sous la Ve République d'après les enquêtes par sondage Abstract: Because of the small frequency of farmers in the population, national sample surveys at the occasion of general elections are not likely to provide anything but crude indications of their electoral behaviour. Nevertheless, they allow for the identification of main tendances, which confirm the links between the Right, as well as, logically, the small audience of the Left, especially, the Communist Party. In front of the "Front national" upsurge and the emergence of the Ecological Movement, farmers remain unconcerned by the latter, and they never payed any decisive role with respect to the former. Volume: 237 Number: 354317 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354317 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354317/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4837.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Souchon Zahn, Marie-Françoise Title: Les maires en milieu rural Abstract: Mayors, in rural districts, have typical features from political, institutional as well as sociological point of view. They have a very strong and personnal bond with the village. They act for the economical development of the district and also to keep the local community alive. In that way new administrative and political processses like decentralization or intermunicipal cooperation are managed by them with great pragmatism. Volume: 237 Number: 354318 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354318 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354318/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4838.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grangé, Jean Title: Le poids des campagnes au Sénat. Effets et problèmes de la surreprésentation rurale Abstract: Three elements in the Senators' election system combine to warp the indirect suffrage system into a distorting mirror for the electorate that gives rural areas too much importance: the overwhelming preponderance of the French "communes" within the constituencies; unbalanced representation between rural and urban population which gravely affects the sociological image of over 75 % of the "départements"; and majority vote in the predominantly rural "départements" where the rural majority thus enjoys nearly total exclusiveness. Consequently there results a constant and oneway distortion of the Senate's political representativity which hardly helps carry out its regulating mission and sometimes even brings about serious malfunctioning in the bicameral system. As a matter of fact, the very nature of the senatorial institution should normally lead to a way of finding out a better-balanced and pluritarian representation system that would ensure right of expression for the various territorial, sociological and political parties and be better fitted to the specific function of the Senate while maintaining its most distinctive feature, i. e. the particular bond that exists between the Senators and France's rural population. Volume: 237 Number: 354319 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354319 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354319/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4839.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Minot, Didier Title: Les élections aux Chambres d'agriculture de 1983 Abstract: In 1983, the elections for the "Chambres d'agriculture" took place according to a new way of casting the votes and new constituencies. They ended in a significant representation of small trade-unions, without unhorsing the Fnsea's majority. For these elections, the number of voters has been geater than ever. Volume: 237 Number: 354320 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354320 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354320/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4840.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354320 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Guen, Roger Title: Les élections aux Chambres départementales d'agriculture du 31 janvier 1995 Abstract: The "Chambres d'agriculture" elections stand as a significant stake for the representation of farmers 'professional organizations. The last three elections have been under scrutiny: 1983, 1989 and 1995. Participation is lessening, however it remains higher than for other professional polls. Since 1983, minority forces gained seats, without unhorsing the fnsea- cnja's absolute majority. Detailed investigations on five "départements" allow to go further by putting results in relation with socio-economic, demographic and geographical variables. Volume: 237 Number: 354321 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354321 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354321/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4841.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vercherand, Jean Title: Le syndicalisme agricole dans la Loire. Un demi-siècle entre unité et pluralité Abstract: This article describes briefly one half-century of farmers ' trade-unionism in a region of France which took an important part in the national debates. Key periods are emphasized : the creation of unitary trade-unionism during the Vichy's government and the Liberation period, the trade-unionism revival in the early sixties, the growth of a new farmers ' left- wing - against the unitary trade-unionism - in the seventies and eighties and its failure to change the agricultural policy. Volume: 237 Number: 354322 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354322 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354322/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4842.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin, Jean-Philippe Title: Le syndicalisme viticole en Languedoc sous la Ve République Abstract: At the beginning of the Fifth Republic, winegrowers' unions have specific characters. Specialized, they are indépendant from national farmers'union. The cooperation takes a protest role. The leaders of the viticulture are often left wing and for them when they defend viticulture they fight for all the Languedoc. The European legislation on wine production in 1970 changes the situation. Unions must have a new discurse and new practices. Beyond changes, permanent features are still present in winegrowers' unions. Volume: 237 Number: 354323 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354323 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354323/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4843.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Author-Name: Simantov, Albert Title: Les aides à l'agriculture Volume: 237 Number: 354324 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354324 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354324/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4845.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: René Dumont, introduction et bibliographie par Igor Besson La culture du riz dans le delta du Tonkin Volume: 237 Number: 354325 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354325 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354325/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4846_t1_0053_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354325 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Geneviève Gavignaud-Fontaine La révolution rurale dans la France contemporaine. XVIIIe - XXe siècle Volume: 237 Number: 354326 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354326 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354326/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4846_t1_0053_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marloie, Marcel Title: Jean Vercherand Un siècle de syndicalisme agricole La vie locale et nationale à travers le cas du département de la Loire Volume: 237 Number: 354327 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354327 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354327/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4846_t1_0054_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354327 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Ouvrage collectif dirigé par P. Midmore etL Harrisson-Mayfield Rural Economie Modelling : an input/output approach Volume: 237 Number: 354328 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354328 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354328/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4846_t1_0055_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Title: Pierre-Yves Guiheneuf (DIR.) Cultiver l'Europe Volume: 237 Number: 354329 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354329 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354329/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4846_t1_0056_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354329 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Title: Jean-Paul Charvet Le blé Volume: 237 Number: 354330 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354330 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354330/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4846_t1_0056_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berlan, Jean-Pierre Title: Bush L • Lacy W.B. • Brukhardt J. • Ilemken D. Moraga-Roje J. • Koponen T. • Souza S. Making Nature, Shaping Culture, Plant Biodiversity in Global Context Volume: 237 Number: 354331 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354331 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354331/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4846_t1_0056_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354331 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 237 Number: 354332 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354332 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354332/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_237_1_4847.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chosson, Jean-François Title: Le militant et le manager : vers une nouvelle culture associative Abstract: The politics of co-management between State and associations established during the sixties, updated in 1964 by the creation of the Fund for Youth Popular Education, were superseded during the eighties by diversified decision centers : Europe, regions, local authorities. The multiplicity of partners generated funding disparity whereas the employment capacity of associations for non-qualified personnel is expanding, providing a positive source of experimentation for the employment of young people. Based on cultural politics, the most significant points are the association of the community environment with today's creative applications instructed by confirmed professionals. Volume: 238 Number: 354333 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354333 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354333/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4848.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mengin, Jacqueline Title: Vers une organisation des associations en milieu rural : un exemple, le CELAVAR Abstract: The economic crisis as well as the decentralization process have deeply modified the working conditions of associations, which are particularly active in rural areas. These associations have taken up the challenge of launching new economic activities and creating jobs. They established contacts with local authorities, but have difficulties in laying down a clear and binding set of rules for their cooperation : associations want to preserve the autonomy of their project, while local authorities want to make use of them to implement their own policies.To a certain extent, these associations run the risk of becoming too centered on local issues and so they seek to establish outside links. The cost of setting up regional networks is too high, which explains the tendency to reinforce a national network such as celavar. Volume: 238 Number: 354334 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354334 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354334/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4849.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Smith, Andy Title: Europe, secteurs économiques et développement rural Abstract: One of the key bets laid by the 1988 reform of the structural funds was to incite actors from diffferent branches of the economy to work more closely together through the territo- rialisation of sectoral logics. However, given the strength of the policy networks involved, the actual integration of EU- funded projects has been relatively low. This article seeks to explain this state of affairs by sketching out translations of the funds for agriculture and for tourism in France, Spain and the United Kingdom. The central hypothesis developed is that in spite of the commitment of Commission officials and many actors in the field, translation of the EU's rural development policy cannot overide the contours of the local- sectoral relations which exist in each area. If the universalism of the integrated approach turns out to be a ghost, nevertheless it has fueled the institutionalisation of new modes of public action within a political system which may now be European but which remains highly polycentric. Volume: 238 Number: 354335 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354335 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354335/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4850.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdelmalek, Ali Aït Title: L'Europe et l'exploitation familiale agricole. L'exemple du pays de Redon - Bretagne Abstract: Sometimes eclipsed by the disputes about the "indispensable harmonisation " of laws and social applications on the European level, the question about the part and position of the farmers (and agriculture) has become today of the utmost importance ; we have tried to point it out from the analysis made by the APO and the Land Institutions action, as they are considered to be "Institutional and Organizational Mediations" between family-size farms and Europe. What does actually mean "joint management" for the farmers, who are indead the pioneers of the European Community and are today representing less than 8% of the working population ? Volume: 238 Number: 354336 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354336 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354336/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4851.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Auvolat, Michel Title: Les artisans en milieu rural, une force entravée Abstract: Although the environment in which they have developed is essentially urban, englobing more than 250 000 enterprises, French artisans make up one of the crucial economic components of rural society. Little present in local power structures and fragmented amongst diverse and multiple professional forms of representation, it is only recently that artisans have attempted to formulate a collective strategy for rural areas. The principal handicap stems from their mode of action which favours a view of the profession in its sector rather than as regards its localisation. Contrary to this trend, any policy which differentiates between localities, or attempts, through diversification, to attenuate the specificities of the profession, is seen as a threat to equality- based competition between companies. These reasons explain why artisans have very often been on the defensive when confronted with policy propositions from agriculture or public authorities. Volume: 238 Number: 354337 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354337 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354337/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4852.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerbaux, Françoise Title: Entrepreneurs et créateurs d'activités en milieu rural Abstract: Diversification is no longer a specificity of the agricultural world. It is practised by urban people, in activities such as services and tourism. This article identifies the motivations of the corresponding decisions, as well as the difficulties encountered in their implementation. A statistical analysis, based on the declared income, emphasizes that this kind of occupation is far from being secondary. Volume: 238 Number: 354338 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354338 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354338/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4853.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roussel, Véronique Title: La politique des services publics dans l'espace rural : du discours aux pratiques Abstract: For a long time, the keeping up of the public services was considered as one of the priorities of the policy for rural development. Then the right to exist for "the - public - service- for - all 'was put forward, this right being part of the general principles of our constitution. Since the eighties, ideas have changed. The appearance of the logic of modernization in accordance with what was called the "renewal policy " of the public service - a policy set up by Michel Rocard in a circular of February 23rd) 989 - appears as a need both for the producers and the consumers, a condition of profitability for the former, a condition of quality for the latter. To implement this new policy, the instructions at the level of the "département" for the organization and improvement of the services have to be defined and commissions, at the level of the "département" too, have to be set up according to a partnership which must be as wide as possible. What is the meaning of such a policy ? What are the consequences for the rural public services ? The analysis of this policy raises many questions as far as the aims and the modes of enforcement are concerned. Furthermore it does not look to take enough into account the realities of the rural world and more particularly that of the rural areas which are said to be hard to live in. Volume: 238 Number: 354339 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354339 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354339/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4854.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rémy, Jacques Title: Les sans-dot de l'agriculture : faut-il aider les installations sans aide ? Abstract: Unaided farm installations (without a subsidy for young farmers which is called "Dotation Jeune Agriculteur") make up about a third of today's young farmer's installations in France. For several years now, these unaided installations have caught the attention of the media and of agricultural unions. More and more demanding requirements to be eligible for the "Young Farmers Subsidy" also exclude unaided farmers from different forms of aid such as quotas. Nevertheless, they produce, occupy territory, maintain the landscape, and above all, are off welfare. In the present social, political and economic context, the ways of distributing different aids between regions, different forms of production and types of farmers, often create feelings of discrimination and exclusion. In the end, it might be wiser to give out aid more equitably for all active farmers. Volume: 238 Number: 354340 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354340 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354340/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4855.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: L'agriculture "hors" du rural ? Abstract: Agriculture has long been confused with the rural world. Farmers still estimate holders of the rural legitimacy. This legitimacy is no longer obvious. One hundred years ago, agriculture occupied and fed essentially rurals. Space, rural and agricultural activities intermingled : farmers, workers, artisans and land owners were interdependent actors of a society with various landscapes, real and symbolic. Modem agriculture has made burst this society. The farmer became an entrepreneur producing for larger markets. As producer, he abandoned maintenance activities of rural territories. Farmers are becoming a minority in the rural population. The present rurals (workers of industry, employees, pensioners, secondary residents) no longer share the culture, even less interest of farmers. These last are more attentive to the market's evolutions, less to these of the territory. The rupture is difficult to recognize. Regrouping of lands, erosions, pollutions, evolution of landscapes : these sources of conflicts subtract to farmers a certain legitimacy to represent the rural world. Finally the rural territory is marked by authorities, public or private. Although majority owners, farmers master less and less the future of the land. Volume: 238 Number: 354341 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354341 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354341/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4856.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Revel, Alain Title: Sommet mondial de l'alimentation. Rome - 11-18 novembre 1996 Abstract: The hedonic price method was used to study the impacts of agriculture intensification on the profitability of rural tourism. The objective was to found the policies for rural tourism by identifying the nuisances and amenities which influence the renting-price. 600 rural cottages of Brittany (France) were described using three main categories of attributes : intrinsic, geographic and environmental. The environmental variables describe the agricultural activities surrounding the cottages. Agriculture intensification causes the renting price to decrease, thus jeopardizing the profitability of the cottages. The study also leads to the evaluation of agri-environmental policies. Volume: 238 Number: 354342 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354342 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354342/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4858.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Revel, Alain Title: Jacques Blanchet, Louis Lorvellec, Pascal Raphael Le droit à produire en agriculture Volume: 238 Number: 354343 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354343 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354343/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4859_t1_0048_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354343 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Title: Bertrand Hervieu Du droit des peuples à se nourrir eux-mêmes Volume: 238 Number: 354344 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354344 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354344/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4859_t1_0049_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Title: François Monnier Terre nourricière Afin que vivent les hommes Volume: 238 Number: 354345 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354345 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354345/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4859_t1_0049_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chominot, Albert Author-Name: Gozlan, Estelle Title: SOLAGRAL Avec l'appui du ministère français de la Coopération Du GATT à l'Organisation mondiale du commerce? Volume: 238 Number: 354346 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354346 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354346/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4859_t1_0050_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 238 Number: 354347 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354347 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354347/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_238_1_4860.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354347 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Goffe, Philippe Author-Name: Delache, Xavier Title: Impacts de l'agriculture sur le tourisme. Une application des prix hédonistes Abstract: With the help of a plant growth simulator and of a risk constrained linear programming farm model, an « engineer production function » is designed to represent the consequences of the Me Sharry reform upon farm incomes and environmental issues. The model, dynamic and recursive according to Day's definition, is applied to many situations representative of the main French grain producing regions, including those raising cattle. Despite the vast variety of situations, overall, the reform seems to meet its objectives of extensification, and income equalisation. Yet, changes in the farmers'perception of risks could modify this conclusion. Volume: 239 Number: 354348 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354348 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354348/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4861.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cerf, Marianne Author-Name: Sébillotte, Michel Title: Approche cognitive des décisions de production dans l'exploitation agricole Abstract: Can african agrarian systems carry on rapidly increasing populations ? To contribute to this debate, a model has been built at the village level in the cotton zone and is used in a recursive way. The maximum of the available information on the zone has been incorporated. Simulations show a crucial threshold when fallow desappear and when it is necessary to combine different techniques for a better management of the soils and of the organic matter ; doing so, a permanent regime could be reach with four times more people but with half the revenue. Volume: 239 Number: 354349 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354349 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354349/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4862.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benoit-Cattin, Michel Title: Avant-Propos Abstract: Demographic pressure in African countries requires that the production of cash crops and food crops be simultaneously increased. Both are necessary for food security. This work identifies the conditions under which such a challenge can be carried out. By using results of field surveys and models of cocoa and coffee farming systems, it demonstrates that complementarities between crops are based on the exploitation of the "agro-ecological" capital. It also shows to what extent liquidity constraints may limit input intensification. It finally explains how conditions under which food crops are produced determine the shadow price of labour. It assesses to what extent this price is a key factor in the competitiveness of cash crops. Volume: 239 Number: 354350 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354350 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354350/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4864.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354350 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Boussemart, Jean-Philippe Author-Name: Flichman, Guillermo Author-Name: Jacquet, Florence Author-Name: Lefer, Henri-Bertrand Title: Les effets de la réforme de la Pac sur les exploitations de grande culture Abstract: Based on a farm typology which matches the intensification level and their production structure, this study makes the effort to determine the technico-economic decision criteria of each type of farm targetted by the agricultural extension. The method is the mathematical programming modeling of production systems complemented with the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technic applied to different types of farms. The main farmer's objective is the profit maximization only for the "Young" farmers. The "Capitalised" ones maximize "profit/variable cost" ratio, the "Diversified" farmers minimize variable cost and the "Traditional" ones minimize the management difficulty. These results can allow a better screening of technical proposals made to different farmers. Volume: 239 Number: 354351 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354351 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354351/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4865.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbier, Bruno Author-Name: Benoit-Cattin, Michel Title: Viabilité à moyen et long termes d'un système agraire villageois d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Le cas de Bala au Burkina Faso Volume: 239 Number: 354352 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354352 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354352/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4866.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fadani, Andréa Author-Name: Temple, Ludovic Title: Cultures d'exportation et cultures vivrières au Cameroun Volume: 239 Number: 354353 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354353 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354353/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4867.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Méndez, Juan Author-Name: Benoit-Cattin, Miche Title: Détermination des objectifs économiques des petits producteurs de café au Guatemala Volume: 239 Number: 354354 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354354 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354354/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4868.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghersi, Gérard Title: Michel Sebillotte Les mondes de l'agriculture Une recherche pour demain Volume: 239 Number: 354355 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354355 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354355/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4869_t1_0059_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D'Iribarne, Alain Title: Jean Cranney 50 ans d'un organisme de recherche Volume: 239 Number: 354356 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354356 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354356/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4869_t1_0059_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chataigner, Jean Title: François Ruf Booms et crises du cacao Volume: 239 Number: 354357 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354357 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354357/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4869_t1_0061_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kayser, Bernard Title: François de Ravignan L'avenir d'un désert au pays sud-audois Volume: 239 Number: 354358 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354358 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354358/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4869_t1_0062_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 239 Number: 354359 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354359 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354359/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_239_1_4870.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Cacheux, Jacques Title: Avant-Propos Volume: 240 Number: 354360 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354360 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354360/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4871.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354360 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cazes, Sandrine Author-Name: Coquet, Bruno Author-Name: Lerais, Frédéric Title: Scénario pour un élargissement à l'Est de l'Union européenne Abstract: An enlargement of the eu to Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECS), would constitute an unprecedented change : ceecs transitions are underway, and eu is currently facing major transformations, reforms, uncertainties and challenges. This paper intend to evaluate macroeconomic consequences of an enlargement, with the International Macroeconomic Model Mimosa. Our study shows that an eastern enlargement would have beneficial macroeconomic consequences relatively modest for the EU current members, but quite substantial for the newcomers. It appears that trade openness and financing are essential for the success of an enlargement process. An increase in Structural Funds currently allowed to the CEECS -relatively modest for the current eu members- would greatly foster more rapid and sustained growth in these countries, and in the rest of Europe, so that the additional transfers would soon be self-financing. This study shows that obstacles to enlargement process do not come from economic difficulties, but mainly stems from political and strategical issues. Volume: 240 Number: 354361 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354361 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354361/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4872.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurel, Mathilde Author-Name: cheikbossian, Guillaume Author-Name: Schumacher, Dieter Title: L'intégration des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale à l'Union européenne Abstract: The Central Eastern European trade represents a little amount of total European trade : it is less than 1 % of French and German gnp. But in some sectors, the export of Eastern Europe can reach 10 %-20 % of total European import. Thanks to the trade liberalisation process, a significant trade reorientation has taken place, but barriers remain in the sensitive sectors, where the Central Eastern European countries (CEEC's) may have comparative advantages. Although positive (new markets do not compensate for the CMEA trade collapse), the disintegration cost of cmea is decreasing. The analysis of trade at a disaggregated level reveals the sectors where CEEC's have comparative advantages. By estimating the factor content of Eastern European exports, it can been shown that they embody more labour than imports from Western Europe. Volume: 240 Number: 354362 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354362 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354362/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4873.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vocke, Ralph Author-Name: Le Cacheux, Jacques Title: Implications économiques des Accords d'association entre l'Union européenne et les PECO. Le cas de la Roumanie (synthèse) Volume: 240 Number: 354363 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354363 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354363/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4874.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duponcel, Marc Title: Les accords européens et l'élargissement de l'Union européenne aux PECO Abstract: Our paper is based on an assessment of the trade impact, with respect to agricultural products, of the European Agreement signed by Hungary and the European Union (EU). The paper focuses on Hungarian exports to the EU. Assessment of the agreement shows a very weak impact for Hungarian agricultural trade. Detailed analysis of the trade preferences and analysis of the Hungarian agricultural situation provide elements to explain such weak results. We then review different ways to improve the implementation and impact of the preferences which could be applied during the second period of the agricultural part of the agreement (1996-2001). The second section of the paper is devoted to lessons that can be drawn from implementation of the EA in the agricultural sphere for accession of Hungary to the EU. First, the role of EA in the convergence of legislation is underlined. Second, the necessity of increasing Hungarian agro- food industry competitiveness is stressed. Potential support of the eu in this endeavour is finally discussed. Volume: 240 Number: 354364 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354364 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354364/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4875.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon, Françoise Author-Name: Blogowski, Alain Title: La métamorphose progressive de l'agriculture tchèque Abstract: Based on macro and micro-economic data analysis, the article presents a review of czech agriculture. In 1995, after a recessive adaptation, the agricultural production seems to enter into a boost (variable within productions). Despite the tightening of price scissors and the granting of direct subsidies, it does not allow the farmers to insure the renewal of working capital yet -whatever their juridical form or their localisation is-. This leads the governement to set up a strong supportive policy. It actually aims at encouraging a competitive agriculture in low agronomic constraints areas as well as developing extensive systems in less favoured areas. Applied to an agriculture where big structures prevail, where farms are not very specialized and where labour remains important, this policy influences the choices of aid that European Union may grant. Volume: 240 Number: 354365 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354365 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354365/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4876.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rieu, Michel Title: Production porcine en Pologne, République tchèque et Hongrie. Les perspectives après le choc de la transition Abstract: The pig production, as the whole agriculture, suffered during the political and economical changes in central and eastern Europe. In the three countries observed, the lack of money is the main obstacle for maintaining or adapting the pig production. First country in pig production, Poland had always private and very small farms, even under the communist system. The pig herd is now the same as in 1989, but its technological level is still very bad. The communist structure of the Czech pig industry suffered very hardly of financial problems in the last years. In Hungary, first exporter, the pig livestock has fallen by 50 % because the loss of the soviet market and the structural changes. The fall is now stopped, but the recovery will be very difficult. Volume: 240 Number: 354366 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354366 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354366/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4877.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Title: Dynamiques et compétitivités agro-alimentaires dans les peco Abstract: In 1994, some prominent western assessments expressed no doubt on the actual and foreseeable agrofood competitiveness of the CEECS, compared to the EU. This lead to dramatize the risk of more excess supplies after enlargement, hence the need for radical further step of CAP reform. Carefully revisiting and updating relevant evidence lead us to different views. For a core of basic products and Central European countries, the EU 15 would likely draw durable net trade advantage from mutual deprotection. Meanwhile, such a scenario requires : further cap reform for removing quantitative selflimitation to net trade expansion eastward, and significant pre- (and post) accession structural supports by the eu to the CEECS. Volume: 240 Number: 354367 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354367 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354367/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4878.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Author-Name: Revel, Alain Author-Name: Linglin, alexandra Author-Name: Kosciusko-Morizet, Nathalie Author-Name: Wormser, Véronique Title: L'intégration des PECO à la nouvelle PAC. Une double révolution inachevée Abstract: The CEECs own two third of the EU 12 grain land. The production of grains, oilseeds, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, dairy and pork products is significant. Not following the China's example of 1978, the 1990 agricultural revolution has not braught any farm production increase, but on the contrary, a one third decrease. The kolkhozian structures have been maintained under an other name. This unacomplished revolution of the ceecs' side force the reformed cap of 1992 to a new evolution, perhaps unavoidable for other reasons. So, the new extension of European Union will not be like the preceeding ones. Two great options are open : does cap be reformed again before its widening towards East countries ? What position to adopt towards production subsidies which became the base of the new policy ? Volume: 240 Number: 354368 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354368 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354368/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4879.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Cacheux, Jacques Title: Conclusion Volume: 240 Number: 354369 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354369 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354369/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4880.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon, Françoise Title: Violette Rey (coordinateur) avec la contribution de M. Billaut, F. Gerbaud, B. Von Hirschhausen, G. Zrinscak Nouvelles campagnes de l'Europe centre orientale Volume: 240 Number: 354370 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354370 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354370/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4881_t1_0062_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354370 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Michel Rainelli L'organisation mondiale du commerce Volume: 240 Number: 354371 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354371 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354371/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4881_t1_0062_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Groupe de Bruges Agriculture, un tournant nécessaire Volume: 240 Number: 354372 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354372 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354372/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4881_t1_0063_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354372 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Title: Pierre Limouzin Les agricultures de l'Union européenne Volume: 240 Number: 354373 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354373 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354373/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_4881_t1_0063_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354373 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 240 Number: 354374 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354374 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354374/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_240_1_5370.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Gafsi, Mohamed Title: Exploitations agricoles et protection de la qualité de l'eau. Analyse d'un processus d'adaptation Abstract: Farms are obliged to carry out adaptation in order to address the vital problem of environmental protection. We propose an economic analysis of an adaptation process by examining several farms having changed their production system, using the example of mineral water protection within a perimeter, associating a private company and a number of farmers. The analysis shows a trend towards specialisation of production systems and an improvement of economic results due to production means made available to farmers and to the existence of a back-up organisation. Volume: 241 Number: 354375 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354375 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354375/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4882.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daucé, Pierre Title: Politiques « horizontales » et politiques territoriales des structures agricoles. L'exemple de la Bourgogne Abstract: This paper compares the two arms of public intervention in agricultural structures put in place by the European Union : the one under objective 5a, and the other as part of objective 5b of the European structural fund reform. Observations made in Burgundy beetween 1991 and 1993 indicate that the conventional structural policy remains the more important quantitatively ; its impact is more widely recognized and more significant. The territorialized agricultural policy, in its first stage of implementation, is having difficulty in getting across its distinctive character and often appears as a mere adjunct to the usual measures. However, in some areas, it affects a wide section of the farming community and prompts initiatives and behaviour that may be the way forward for better integration of agriculture in the development of rural activities. Volume: 241 Number: 354376 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354376 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354376/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4883.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carles, Roland Author-Name: Millet, Guy Title: Nouvelle PAC L'exploitation agricole de grande culture en Ile-de-France de 1991 à 1995 Abstract: The grain and oilseeds farms have been directly moved by the CAP reform of 1992. It is interesting to compare their situation before and after the reform : 1991 is the last year of application of the farmer CAP of 1962 and 1995 is the first year of full implementation of the 1992 reform and for which data are available. It is also interesting to analyse the reasons for the lay between farmer simulation of the new CAP and what actually happened. With the assistance of a model farm type in Ile-de-France, it is possible to present a set of reasons explaining the evolution : 1993 and 1994 prices higher than expected in 1992, farm-size increase, inputs saving, lower set-aside rate and effects of some others factors with less influence. Volume: 241 Number: 354377 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354377 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354377/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4884.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coutureau, Gérard Title: Groupes domestiques et recomposition sociale de l'agriculture. Le cas des micro-exploitations agricoles du piémont pyrénéen Abstract: The survival of micro-farms as studied in a precise area of the Pyrénées foothill, can be explained by the variety of agricultural combined activities embraced by the famely groups living on traditionnal breeding systems whereas others diversify their activities and turn to processing, commercializing and, services. Those diversified strategies follow the social and economical changes noticed in the famely groups themselves. Volume: 241 Number: 354378 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354378 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354378/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4885.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lehmann, Bernard Author-Name: Stucki, Erwin Title: Les paiements directs, instrument central de la politique agricole suisse Abstract: The factors exerting an influence on the recent development of Swiss agriculture are rapidly changing. Some of the main factors of change initiated by the new agricultural policy are the following : (i) Guiding agricultural production thanks to the rehabilitation of the rules of the market, (ii) Giving up of the price policy (guaranteed, high prices as sole remuneration for agricultural activities). (iii) Increasing importance of direct payments, especially for awarding environmental prestations. The article stresses the quick and considerable increase in direct payments which are the result of the government's determined policy in this transitional phase of Switzerland's agriculture. However, it is important to analyse the direct payments in an economic perspective. These direct payments are only justified if the polluter-payer principle cannot be applied and if market-external benefits for the society are not paid for by the market mechanism, neither locally, nor nationally, nor internationally. Volume: 241 Number: 354379 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354379 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354379/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4886.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354379 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Foko, Emmanuel Title: La pratique du prêt avec remise de gage. Instrument de financement en milieu rural au Cameroun Abstract: There are many credit sources in the rural areas. Loans obtained are used for a wide range of activities. These loans practices involve various forms of guaranties, both physical and moral. Pledging assets as collaterals is a widely used form of physical guaranty existing found in the rural area. A study on this topic in Bafou (a Bamileke village of West Cameroon) has revealed that pledging assets loan collaterals is widely practiced. Land plots rank first, followed by coffee farms. Productive assets are preferred because during the loan period, creditors may use the productive capability as interest. In case of default, these collateral's are rarely sold, du to various social and economic constraints. So, when the loan can not be repaid, the creditor will simply withhold the asset until the complete settlement, either by repayment, or from income generated by the pledged asset. Interest payment on these loans are mostly implicit, but it plays a key role in contract negotiations. So far, the contribution of these practices to the financing of rural production has been rather poor. Volume: 241 Number: 354380 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354380 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354380/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4887.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moustier, Paule Author-Name: Pages, Jacques Title: Le péri-urbain en Afrique : une agriculture en marge ? Abstract: Peri-urban agriculture is a major source of income and food for the urban poor. It is subject to many constraints, the first one being pressure on land. Distant agricultural areas may be an alternative option relative to peri-urban areas supplying food to the cities. As shown by the vegetable chain supplying Brazzaville, rural and peri-urban areas are indeed complementary. Leaf-vegetables and temperate vegetables originate from peri-urban areas while local fruit-vegetables originate from village fields. Land constraints, but also transport, access to inputs and technical assistance are crucial to explain where production is located. Finally the historical analysis invalidates hypotheses of linear trends of peri-urban agriculture towards decline or development through intensification. Volume: 241 Number: 354381 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354381 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354381/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4888.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354381 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Revel, Alain Title: Élargissement de l'Europe à l'Est (débat) Volume: 241 Number: 354382 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354382 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354382/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4890.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: Louis Malassis et Gérard Ghersi Économie de la production et de la consommation Volume: 241 Number: 354383 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354383 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354383/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4891_t1_0058_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Jacques Blanchet, Claude Chéreau, Jean-Christophe Debar, Alain Revel, Politiques agricoles La révolution agricole américaine Volume: 241 Number: 354384 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354384 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354384/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4891_t1_0058_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354384 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquin, Emmanuel Title: Jacques Le Cacheux (dir) Europe : La nouvelle vague. Perspectives économiques de l'élargissement Volume: 241 Number: 354385 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354385 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354385/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_4891_t1_0059_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 241 Number: 354386 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354386 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354386/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_241_1_5373.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanc, Michel Title: La ruralité : diversité des approches Abstract: This paper try to shed a light on the way rurality can be conceptualised. It is argued that there is not one concept of rurality, but many ways to build it which can be derived from as many ways to question space heterogeneity. By way of illustration, three different theoritical approaches of space are considered. Volume: 242 Number: 354387 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354387 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354387/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_242_1_4892.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354387 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aubert, Francis Title: Gestion de l'emploi dans les entreprises rurales et fonctionnement du marché du travail Abstract: This contribution to the analysis of the specific features of labour in rural areas concentrates on the workings of the labour market, assuming that the forces organizing the buying and selling of labour vary in space or, at least, are variously expressed depending on the geographical context of implantation of agents. Using an institutionalist approach, the task consists in identifying those mechanisms with a geographical dimension that bring about segmentation of the labour market. After presenting the two selected models, which pertain to « industrial » and « paternalistic » reasoning, and reviewing them in terms of labour management, the findings of a survey of manufacturing plants located in one rural area of France — Bresse bourguignonne — are used to evaluate the practices. The example of Bresse suggests there is some « paternalistic » practices, in small traditional firms, and they may underlie the processes of segmentation. Volume: 242 Number: 354388 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354388 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354388/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_242_1_4893.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: Les enjeux de l'approche géographique de l'exclusion sociale Abstract: This paper tries to answer to the question : « Have geographers anything to say about exclusion ? » First they disqualify the assimilation made by the decision makers between spatial segregation or social division of space and ethnic and social exclusion. More, by precise analysis of localities, areas and spaces, like what was done in three rural « arrondissements » of France, they can say something about the spatial dimension of exclusion processes as well as about the role of the quality of spaces on the indivdual representations of social regression, and about the evaluation of the practices of associations and local collectivities in front of the « rising underclass ». Volume: 242 Number: 354389 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354389 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354389/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_242_1_4894.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe Author-Name: Sencébé, Yannick Author-Name: Sylvestre, Jean-Pierre Title: Rapport à l'emploi et processus d'exclusion dans les espaces ruraux : un cadre d'analyse Abstract: The exclusion process cannot be analyzed apart from the mechanism of professionnal socialization, because the laborious activity is a central element of the identity construction in our societies. In the case of rural areas, the exclusion problem is apprehended from the hypothesis that, in them, its expressions are neither uniform nor a simple extend, more or less important, of urban phenomenons. They are not specific phenomenons, either only suiting the increase of previous situations of parenty and precariousness in rural societies. Volume: 242 Number: 354390 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354390 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354390/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_242_1_4895.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Capt, Danièle Title: Différenciation des produits de consommation finale et agriculture de service Abstract: The aim of this paper is to identify the factors responsible for the diversification of farming away from specialisation in the production of raw materials for the industrial sector and towards the commercial production of end-user goods and services. This turnaround requires a revision of the approach traditionally used by agricultural economists with its emphasis on the specific features of agricultural markets and calls for industrial economics approaches that analyse the link between product differentiation and market structure and for spatial economic analyses that focus on the interdependence between the spatial behaviour of consumers and the geography of supply. It is thus possible to correlate the variable market position of farms depending on product type with technological factors, the attributes of farm products and variations in consumer behaviour. Volume: 242 Number: 354391 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354391 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354391/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_242_1_4896.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354391 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beuret, Jean-Eudes Title: L'agriculture dans l'espace rural. Quelles demandes pour quelles fonctions ? Abstract: The explicitation of the demand of the society in terms of the quality of the rural environment is of great interest to an agriculture in search of a new role. Surveys have revealed the establishment of a social demand based on latent private demands, expressed and socialised through various organisations. These surveys bring to light the fact that the demand refers to common representations which determine what functions are attributed to farmers in terms of rural space management and who is recognised as able to evaluate the actions of the farmers in this respect ; they set forth the content of the demand, and also the fact that the demand frequently not expressed. These representations appear as implicit conventions, which are the basis for and the product of a means of coordination in a non-commercial trade situation, between an offer which is the result of the effects of agriculture on the rural space, and the demande of the users. Observation of the insufficiencies of this mode of coordination is a source of learning for public action. Volume: 242 Number: 354392 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354392 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354392/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_242_1_4897.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Demotes-Mainard, Magali Title: INSEE L'agriculture, tendances et disparités Volume: 242 Number: 354393 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354393 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354393/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_242_1_4898_t1_0054_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miclet, Gérard Title: OCDE Effets sur l'environnement des programmes de mise hors culture des terres agricoles Volume: 242 Number: 354394 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354394 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354394/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_242_1_4898_t1_0054_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354394 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Garrabé, Michel Title: Marc Dufumier Les projets de développement agricole : manuel d'expertise Volume: 242 Number: 354395 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354395 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354395/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_242_1_4898_t1_0056_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 242 Number: 354396 Year: 1997 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354396 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354396/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1997_num_242_1_5374.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benoit-Cattin, Michel Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Title: Avant-propos Volume: 243 Number: 354397 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354397 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354397/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_243_1_4985.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Introduction. Politiques économiques et économétrie appliquée Volume: 243 Number: 354398 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354398 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354398/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_243_1_4986.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Araujo Bonjean, Catherine Title: Les marchés mondiaux des produits agricoles sont-ils efficients ? Abstract: The aim of this paper is to test the random walk and martingale versions of the efficient market hypothesis using tools deriving from financial markets analysis. Tests are performed for a sample of agricultural products in order to detect long term memory in world prices, which is considered as an indicator of market imperfection, and to distinguish between stochastic and deterministic processes. Results show that most of the series are long memory processes generated by non-linear stochastic or déterministe systems. Although long memory does not imply the existence of profitable trading rules, for chaotic processes price changes are potentially predictable in the short run. Volume: 243 Number: 354399 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354399 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354399/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_243_1_4987.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Labys, Walter Author-Name: Badillo, Dominique Author-Name: Lesourd, Jean-Baptiste Title: Cycles à moyen terme des prix mondiaux des matières premières agricoles Abstract: Agricultural commody prices have long been recognized as displaying cyclical behavior. The purpose of this study is to provide a new analysis of the medium term cyclical behavior of different agricultural commodity prices through the use of recently developed business cycle methodologies. We identify the cycles, which needs to detrend the series before applying a method closed but not identical to the NBER procedure to determine the timing, frequency and amplitude of price cycles. Then we perform tests of cyclical duration in order to compare the regularity of fluctuations in the cycles against the alternative of random walk behavior. The results provide confirmation of cyclicality for a number of agricultural price series. Volume: 243 Number: 354400 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354400 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354400/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_243_1_4988.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Voituriez, Tancrède Title: Dynamique non linéaire du marché mondial des huiles et des graisses Abstract: Price dynamics analysis provides key information on the possible consequences one can expect from the opening up and the liberalization of agricultural markets. The potential role of chaotic dynamics in generating world vegetable oils prices is investigated here with more than 1400 weekly data. The evidence of a pure chaotic determinism cannot be accepted, while the proof of nonlinear dynamics in prices remains strong and casts some doubt on the market's ability to find out its equilibrium position and stabilize by itself. Volume: 243 Number: 354401 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354401 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354401/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_243_1_4989.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Von Cramon-Taubadel, Stéphane Author-Name: Loy, Jens Title: Estimation des transmissions de prix asymétriques avec des prix intégrés Abstract: The method of estimating asymmetric price transmission developed by Wolffram (1971) is still widely used. However, this method fails to consider the time series properties of integrated process. We explore the relationship between asymmetric price transmission and cointégration and demonstrate that Wolffram's approach is incompatible with cointégration between two price series. We then develop an alternative method for the estimation of asymmetric transmission between cointegrated prices. This method is applied to wheat price data from world's major exporters, data for which Mohanty, Peterson and Kruse (1996), using Wolffram's approach, have recently presented evidence of asymmetric transmission. Volume: 243 Number: 354402 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354402 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354402/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_243_1_4990.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bouamra, Zohra Author-Name: Réquillart, Vincent Title: Structure verticale de production et intervention publique. Application au cas des produits laitiers en Europe Abstract: This paper analyses the effect of policy instruments used in the dairy sector. The analysis considers the supply of milk, the processing step characterised by joint production and final demand for processed goods. A short term partial equilibrium model is defined. We use it to determine the effects of different policy scenarios on price, production, consumption and exports for the different products. Because the gatt agreements imply a decrease in the subsidised exports, we particularly analyse the impact of policy instruments on exports of different milk products. Volume: 243 Number: 354403 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354403 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354403/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_243_1_4991.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guyomard, Hervé Author-Name: Laroche, Catherine Author-Name: Le Mouël, Chantal Title: Marché contingenté à l'importation et marché des droits à importer en concurrence imparfaite Abstract: The Common Market Organisation (CMO) for bananas in the European Union sets a tariff quota for Latin American and non-traditional ACP (Africa, Carribean and Pacific countries) bananas. Import rights are allocated between A operators (who imported dollar bananas in the pre-CMO regime) and B operators (who imported ACP and European fruits in the pre- CMO regime). In this paper, we develop an analytical framework which allows us to define the equilibrium characteristics on both the banana market and the import rights market. The model takes into account the market power potentially exerted by A operators on these markets. Volume: 243 Number: 354404 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354404 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354404/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_243_1_4992.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354404 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carles, Roland Author-Name: Decouvelaere, François-Xavier Author-Name: Millet, Guy Author-Name: Revel, Alain Author-Name: Sourie, Jean-Claude Title: Nouveaux outils pour analyser les effets de la prochaine réforme de la PAC sur les exploitations agricoles Abstract: Since 1990 one is witnessing a new interest for models of simulation which function at the farm level. They have allowed to make projections of the CAP reform. They represent faithfully the regional agriculture. At INRA of Grignon, three micro-economic models have been used : the farm type analysis (Simulpac) ; the linear programming, traditional tool of optimisation ; the non linear programming, following the Howitt's new method taking into account a coefficient of risk aversion, individualised for each farmer and each crop. Interest and limits of these three methods have been tested and analysed on two different French regions. Different changes of the CAP have then been simulated. They have been compared to the CAP applied in 1995: 0% to 25% set aside rate change; different food crops prices declines until intervention prices. Agricultural policy scenarios including more complex effects have been then tested : premiums reductions as proposed by the Commission for 1997 or single premium to the hectare. Finally the introduction of three non food crops has been simulated. Volume: 243 Number: 354405 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354405 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354405/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_243_1_4993.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354405 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 243 Number: 354406 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354406 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354406/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_243_1_4994.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harff, Yvette Author-Name: Lamarche, Hugues Title: Le travail en agriculture : nouvelles demandes, nouveaux enjeux Abstract: Organization of labour in agriculture has known new trends for the last four or five years. These trends may impulse deep transformations in the running of farms and beyond this, in the characteristics which used to shape their identity. In the first part, we analyse the different economical, domestic and psychological reasons which explain the present needs for labor and its new features : flexibility and qualification. The second part is supported by a survey which we are conducting in Beauce and Brittany, in order to show the changes already observable at the level of the different devices supposed to answer these needs : adaptation of the existing devices (cuma, eta, replacement services) and new devices (employers groups, exchange circles). Observing these new practices confirms at the same time the still undeterminated character of the ongoing changes and the hypothesis of a deep rupture. Volume: 244 Number: 354407 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354407 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354407/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_4995.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Author-Name: Cartier, Stéphane Author-Name: Fabre, Camille Author-Name: Mundler, Patrick Author-Name: Ponchelet, Danielle Author-Name: Rémy, Jacques Title: L'activité agricole des ménages ruraux et la cohésion économique et sociale Abstract: The functions of agricultural activity relating to economic and social cohesion are becoming fullyfledged components of national and eu policies. Surveys have been carried out in several French regions in households exercising an agricultural activity. The diversity of the forms of exercise of this activity was condensed into a typology. The various functions of household agricultural activity (economic functions, social integration functions, hedonistic functions) can be assigned in three major areas: professional life, personal and social life, family and domestic life. This analysis provides an insight into the mechanisms by which agricultural activity plays a role in the economic and social cohesion of rural society. It also highlights that agricultural policy measures are adapted to only a fraction of households having an agricultural activity. Volume: 244 Number: 354408 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354408 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354408/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_4996.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354408 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gohin, Alexandre Author-Name: Guyomard, Hervé Author-Name: Le Mouël, Chantal Title: Éléments de définition d'une politique agricole commune pour le XXIe siècle Abstract: This paper proposes some changes to the Common Agricultural Policy from a long term perspective. Proposed changes are aimed at better establishing the double role of farmers : food producers on a world competitive basis on the one hand and stewards of the environment and the country side on the other hand. One shows that some general principles for public regulation and policy instrumentation in the euro- pean agricultural sector can be defined : a maximal decoupling of income support policies through direct aids which should be as neutral as possible with respect to farmers' production decisions and a maximal coupling of policies directed to reward farmers for the provision of positive externalities through direct aids tunely targeted and based on primary factors. Volume: 244 Number: 354409 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354409 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354409/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_4997.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354409 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadai, Alain Title: Des conditions d'émergence d'un écolabel de produit Abstract: Since the beginning of the nineties, product ecolabelling devices have proliferated world-wide. However, an industrial opposition hinders the development of the ecolabels on the final markets. We discuss the conditions for their successful development before turning on to examine the theoretical implications raised by this case study. It appears that the ability of the existing theoretical frameworks to analyse the impact of market competition on products qualification has to be examined more in detail. Volume: 244 Number: 354410 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354410 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354410/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_4998.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marty, Pascal Title: Propriété privée et politique de reboisement Le cas des groupements forestiers Abstract: Since 1954, forest groupings are observed in the french forests. This collective private property was imposed thanks to very interesting financial conditions. But, during a period of 30 years, these resinous voluntary reforestations will be managed by the forest department of Agricultural Ministry. At the end of this period, the owners groups will encounter problems to manage themselves forest groupings because they were kept out of the practical experience of management. The becoming of these reforestations could take several directions but the change from collective private property to the public forest is not excluded. Volume: 244 Number: 354411 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354411 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354411/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_4999.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354411 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deybe, Daniel Author-Name: Robilliard, Anne-Sophie Title: Dévaluation et consommation alimentaire en zone franc. Le cas du Burkina Faso Abstract: The decision of devaluating de F CFA should generate the decrease of imports, the improvement of exports competiti- vity, and of economic development in general, in particular of the agricultural sector. However, these effects can have negative social consequences, specially on food consumption. This is the reason why Burkina Faso among other countries implemented policies to partially avoid these negative impacts. An agricultural sector model was built up for this country to complete the analysis of the impact of the devaluation. This model is based on detailled representation of farmers' and consummers' behaviours (based on preferences and budgets). The results indicate that the devaluation had a positive impact on farmers in general but specially for those of the western region. Urban consummers seemed to have responded by a substitution among products (rice by broken rice or millet, etc.). The results on the trade balance are lower that expected. Volume: 244 Number: 354412 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354412 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354412/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_5000.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simantov, Albert Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Title: Des droits à produire négociables ? Volume: 244 Number: 354413 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354413 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354413/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_5002.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354413 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Patrick Pigeon Espaces ruraux et échanges internationaux Volume: 244 Number: 354414 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354414 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354414/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_5003_t1_0056_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: Nicole Mathieu (Dir.) L'emploi rural : une vitalité cachée Volume: 244 Number: 354415 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354415 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354415/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_5003_t1_0056_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Title: Bruno Amable, Rémy Barré, Robert Boyer Les systèmes d'innovation à l'ère de la globalisation Volume: 244 Number: 354416 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354416 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354416/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_5003_t1_0057_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354416 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Thomas Hertel (editor) Global trade analysis Volume: 244 Number: 354417 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354417 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354417/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_5003_t1_0058_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Jacques Brossier, Eduardo Chia, Eric Marshall, Michel Petit Gestion de l'exploitation agricole familiale Éléments théoriques et méthodologiques Volume: 244 Number: 354418 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354418 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354418/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_5003_t1_0059_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354418 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boisseau, Pierre Title: Jean-Pierre Darré. Préface de Jean-Pierre Chauveau (Orstom) L'invention des pratiques dans l'agriculture Vulgarisation et production locale de connaissance Volume: 244 Number: 354419 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354419 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354419/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_5003_t1_0060_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 244 Number: 354420 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354420 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354420/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_244_1_5004.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 245-246 Number: 354421 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354421 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354421/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5005.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Codron, Jean-Marie Author-Name: D'Hauteville, François Author-Name: Green, Raul Title: Grande distribution alimentaire : approches pluridisciplinaires Volume: 245-246 Number: 354422 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354422 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354422/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filser, Marc Title: Évolutions et stratégies dans la distribution alimentaire Les apports des sciences de gestion Abstract: The magnitude of evolutions in marketing channels has led to a major shift in the theoritical models developed by the research in business, mostly in marketing and strategic management. Three main research areas can be envisioned: analysis of retailing, both in terms of retail evolution and search of productivity gains at the store level, analysis of marketing channels, that greatly benefits from the progress of a contractual theories of interoganizationnal relations, and the development of theories of strategies management of the distributive firm. Even if these constructions are based on little unified theoritical frames, they show how researchers tend to formulate managerial guidelines for channel members : producers, wholesalers and retailers. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354423 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354423 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354423/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5009.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Codron, Jean-Marie Author-Name: D'Hauteville, François Title: Une approche conceptuelle des relations fournisseurs-distributeurs Abstract: Supplier-retailer relationships in the food industry vary markedly from one subsector to another. This paper aims to explain the diversity in governance structures encountered in three sectors of food products (dairy products, wine and counterseason fruit), with a model grounded in the New Institutional Economics. The model emphasizes consumers' preferences and information issues, which play a key role in the supplier-retailer transactions environment. The basic NIE model is specified and applied to the French retail food industry, using the three products mentioned above. In this context, we use the model to explore in more detail the factors that play a key role in NIE analysis (uncertainty, asset specificity), discuss what the appropriate unit of analysis should be, and analyze the principles guiding the choice of governance structures. This application also allows us to incorporate into the model the critical importance of quality conventions and of technical progress in dealing with information to the choice of specific assets and governance structures in the different subsectors. The paper is primarily programmatic. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354424 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354424 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354424/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5011.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sirieix, Lucie Author-Name: Dubois, Pierre-Louis Title: Le rôle de la confiance dans l'explication de la satisfaction Abstract: Research regarding consumer behavior has focused on identifying the antecedents of consumers' satisfaction. Although brand theorists suggest empirical relationship between product quality, the brand and the consumer's satisfaction, more systematic research on these effects is needed. A conceptual model of quality, trust and satisfaction, is developed in this paper by identifying the antecedents of consumers' satisfaction, including trust in the brand. The model is empirically tested on fast-food industry. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for marketing managers and further research. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354425 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354425 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354425/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5012.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saada, Estelle Author-Name: Valentin, Julie Title: Grande distribution : le paradoxe de l'effet-prix Abstract: Since 1986, it seems to be obvious that the french governement, wants to protect little shops against the stringent su- permarkets'competition. The aim of this paper is to analyse the perturbations due to the entry of a supermarket on a pure competitive market composed only by little shops. This study provides a conceptual framework to deem not only the prédation but also the price effects of this entry. À paradoxal effect on prices appears. The conclusion suggests the relevant levels of the technological conditions that are necessary to yield positive effects on the social welfare. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354426 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354426 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354426/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5013.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354426 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouzenc, Michaël Title: Implantations et agrandissements de grandes surfaces alimentaires Abstract: During the 1980's, the network of supermarkets became much more dense, particularly in rural areas, involving an increasingly complex geographical pattern of retail competition. This complexity is insufficiently understood in market studies preceding the creation or enlargement of a supermarket Evaluations of customer catchment areas are clearly approximative and do not really take account of the spatial organization of the competition. In these circumstances, retail efficiency and organization problems are spatial management problems too, these market studies serving those responsible for supermarkets as well as 'département committees of retailing infrastructure. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354427 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354427 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354427/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5014.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paché, Gilles Title: Distribution alimentaire et prestation de services logistiques Abstract: For many years, European food retailers have been controlling the logistics channel by setting up or taking over distribution centers whose task it is to supply the stores network in the place of manufacturers and wholesalers. However the present trend is to subcontract the management of operations to such third-party logistics providers as have acquired a sound experience in this field. The latter more and more often offer tailored solutions, rather than standard ones, which exactly meet the requirements of each shipper. The paper focuses on this theme and develops in particular the French system, by showing that it stands apart from the general scheme, owing to the weight of history in the definition of logistical choices. The food retailers having opted for own account distribution, at the very start, find it very difficult to give it up today. Yet when such is the case, the outsourcing process remains marginal and favours a policy of cost reduction. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354428 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354428 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354428/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5016.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiel, Daniel Title: Mise en évidence de l'instabilité des modèles de réapprovisionnement continu par une analyse dynamique des systèmes logistiques Abstract: This paper consists in analysing the dynamics of the exchanges between the distributors and the producers basing the ECR new paradigm. More precisely, different methods of continuous replenishments of shops and distributors warehouses has been compared. Generic models which represent these three logistic organisation diagrams have been implemented. The modelling phase based on Forrester's system dynamics paradigm, used an empirical approach of the relationships between industry and commerce and was based on the papers talking about ECR. Finally, we summarise the major simulation of the three models results in objective to try to improve the understanding of the common politics of the distributors and producers, which rapidly permits to react upon the supply chain. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354429 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354429 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354429/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5017.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354429 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bouvier-Patron, Paul Title: Les formes relationnelles entre les enseignes de grande distribution et leurs fournisseurs Abstract: Vertical integration on the one hand and contractual relations on the other hand are two main features of the food retailing sector. The economical weight of each of these both sides is more or less similar. However, in the long run, it seems that (a) the contractual side is more important than the integrated one and, in the same time, that (b) contractual forms related to high quality tend now to be dominant These two points (a, b) are the one we are going to explain here. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354430 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354430 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354430/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5018.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brousseau, Eric Author-Name: Codron, Jean-Marie Title: La complémentarité entre formes de gouvernance Abstract: Observed relationships between off-season fruits wholesaler-importers and supermarket retailers show that governance structures are selected not only to minimize transactions costs. « Market» enables the marketing chain to adjust flexibly to the high degree of uncertainty. It also enables buyers to benefit from low purchase prices. However, it fails to elicit satisfactory management of product quality when that requires specific investments. That is the reason for the design of« hybrid forms ». Hybrids, however, do not offer sufficient flexibility. As a result, the wholesaler-importers and supermarket retailers employ both forms of governance, which turn out to be complements rather than substitutes. From a theoretical point of view, our study confirms several william- sonian intuitions. However, it invalidates the idea that choices are made solely on the basis of transaction costs. We show that economic agents evaluate paired «coordination properties/transaction costs», and that discrete forms of governance can be combined to obtain hybrid properties. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354431 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354431 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354431/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5019.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferrier, Didier Title: Le droit des relations entre producteurs et grands distributeurs de produits alimentaires Abstract: In view of rapidly evolving bargaining positions between farmers and supermarket distribution chains, many regulations of all kinds have been edicted recently. In general, they have been poorly efficient in settling and avoiding disputes. It is suggested here that mutually beneficial synergies, deriving from contracts, could be more effective. On such basis, the Law is not a constraint anymore, but rather a tool which helps in reaching agreement. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354432 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354432 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354432/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5020.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354432 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graff, Michèle Title: Note informative : Le droit de la concurrence dans le rapport producteur-distributeur Volume: 245-246 Number: 354433 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354433 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354433/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5021.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Kinsey, Jean Title: Une revue de la littérature académique anglo-saxonne sur la grande distribution alimentaire Abstract: Literature from economics and business journals and books that addresses the concentration of market power and its relationship to retail food prices and profits are reviewed in this article. With some exceptions, the review covers research published in the United States and the United Kingdom over the past two decades. Market structure, power and performance speaks to the overall behavior and performance of the industry and provides a perspective on the dramatic consolidation and shifts in power that we observe in the retail food industry today. A discussion of the theoretical background and advances precedes the findings that focus on two major questions : does the concentration of retail food firms in local markets increase food prices and firms' profit ? Has the retail sector become relatively more profitable ? The results are mixed, especially with regard to price. Most studies imply that it is due to lower costs. These costs have been and are being lowered in the retail food business through the use of information technology and vertical integration with suppliers. There was no evidence that retailers' profit are increasing faster than food manufacturers' profits. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354434 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354434 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354434/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5023.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354434 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pariente, Simon Title: Carrefour depuis son introduction en bourse Abstract: This study gives informations about Carrefour's results and strategy since the entry of the company in the Stock Exchange (1970). The Carrefour group has become one of the best retailers in the world. An investor who acquired Carrefour stock at the IPO and resold it at the end of 1997 got 24 % per year return. The excellent performance of the French leader, especially since 1992-1993, maybe explained by an exceptional qualitative and quantitative leap in an increasingly internationalized context. The first part of this paper presents the territorial and strategic position of Carrefour as well as the methodology employed to analyze the retailer's financial situation. The second part of the survey justifies the power acquired by Carrefour, measurable by both economic value added and shareholder value. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354435 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354435 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354435/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5024.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sans, Pierre Author-Name: Coquart, Dominique Title: Grande distribution alimentaire et changements organisationnels Abstract: Over the last 30 years, hypermarkets outlets have become the first beef channel of distribution. At the same time, the beef processing industry has undergone a great development. Thanks to the results of a survey carried out into the main companies from this field of activity, the authors point out all the changes that occurred in the organization of the marketing channel. The structures of beef meat supply and the way they are run show the will of hypermarkets to have a tight control over the dealings that obliges meat suppliers to adjust. Volume: 245-246 Number: 354436 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354436 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354436/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5025.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tirel, Jean-Claude Title: Marcel Mazoyer, Laurence Roudart Histoires des agricultures du monde. Du néoloithique à la crise contemporaine Volume: 245-246 Number: 354437 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354437 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354437/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5375.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354437 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 245-246 Number: 354438 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354438 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354438/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_245_1_5027.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tchayanov, Alexandre Author-Name: Doligez, François Title: À propos de l'organisation du crédit rural Volume: 247 Number: 354439 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354439 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354439/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5028.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: La notion de rural et les rapports ville-campagne en France Les années quatre-vingt-dix Abstract: The significance of rurality in the present process of social change and spatial allocation cannot be estimated without taking into account the prevailing « urban » and « rural » symbolisation as well as the conception of their relation. During the nineties in France the dominant social representation of rurality is idyllic when at the same time the city is considered unsustainable. The rural way of life is so valorised that new real dynamics of migrations are observed. Volume: 247 Number: 354440 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354440 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354440/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5029.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Jacquet, Florence Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Title: Aides directes et extensification de la production. Abstract: A mathematical programing model is built in order to measure the effects of « decoupling » cap compensation payments on three cattle farms in Pays de la Loire (a dairy intensive farm, a beef farm with suckler cows, an intensive beef farm with bull calves). The model maximizes the income under technical and administrative constraints. The object of this paper is to appreciate the adaptation of farmers and to value the impact on the extensification of changing support payments from a per capita to a per hectare basis. Globally, one can expect a redistribution of supports in favor of extensive farms, but the extensification means a complex adaptation of the farm system. The extensification is hardly incited in the intensive areas of Pays de la Loire, where crops yield are high, and the competition beetween beef products and crops is strong. Volume: 247 Number: 354441 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354441 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354441/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5030.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loué, Sophie Author-Name: Daucé, Pierre Author-Name: Laplana, Ramon Title: Éléments pour l'évaluation de l'impact des politiques agricoles à l'échelon de deux cantons aquitains Abstract: Studying the direct farming subsidies provides insight into the relative weight, the respective impacts of the various procedures agricultural policies and the adequacy between these policies and the local requirements. Analysis reveals the significant effects of structural measures, despite the predominance of compensatory subsidies. However, their impact is felt to widely varying degrees, according to whether they involve farm renewal, the adaptation of production factors, system dynamics or income. In other respects, with regard to of the local agriculture, the study highlights some discordance between CAP effects and objects of the structural measures. On another front, the multiplicity of public aids and subsidies induces highly certain and complex management procedures, leading to difficulties in accessing information. Furthermore, this approach demonstrates also the consequences of the distance that separates the levels of management and of the uniformity of the methods of policy implementation opposite the local territorial context. Volume: 247 Number: 354442 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354442 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354442/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5031.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorin, Bruno Title: Politique alimentaire et sécurité nutritionnelle Le cas critique des lipides en Inde Abstract: Through the analysis of the Indian nutritional availability and accessibility, this paper focuses mainly on the determining factors of production, distribution and consumption of lipids. It can be stated that there is a much more severe deficiency of lipids than the one of carbohydrates and proteins, especially among the rural population. This leads to assess the role of food policies - especially those related to the Green Revolution - in this socially expensive situation. Volume: 247 Number: 354443 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354443 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354443/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5032.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354443 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Author-Name: Colson, François Author-Name: Chatellier, Vincent Title: Simulation, dans le cadre de l'Agenda 2000, d'un rééquilibrage des aides directes privilégiant les soutiens à la gestion de l'espace Volume: 247 Number: 354444 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354444 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354444/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5034.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oliveira Santos, Rui Title: De l'installation agricole à l'installation rurale. Propositions pour une réforme des systèmes d'aide Volume: 247 Number: 354445 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354445 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354445/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5036.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Courboin, Véronique Author-Name: Thoyer, Sophie Title: Économie et stratégies agricoles - Demeter 97/98 : L'agriculture et la monnaie unique de Claude Gnos L'agriculture chinoise : pour une approche régionale de C. Aubert Sécurité alimentaire : États et marchés internationaux de T. Giordano, Y. Jadot, L. Tubiana, B. Vergriette Volume: 247 Number: 354446 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354446 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354446/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5037_t1_0059_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary, Fabienne Title: Gérard Buttoud La forêt et l'État en Afrique sèche et à Madagascar : changer de politiques forestières Volume: 247 Number: 354447 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354447 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354447/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5037_t1_0060_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: John H. Sanders, Barry I. Shapiro, Sunder Ramaswamy : The Economics of Agriculture in Semiarid Sub-Saharan Africa Volume: 247 Number: 354448 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354448 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354448/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5037_t1_0061_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Touzard, Jean-Marc Title: Claudine Durbiano Le Comtat et ses marges : crises et mutations d'une région agricole méditerranéenne Volume: 247 Number: 354449 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354449 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354449/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5037_t1_0062_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 247 Number: 354450 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354450 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354450/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_247_1_5038.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Bilan et perspectives Volume: 248 Number: 354451 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354451 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354451/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5039.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Michel Augé-Laribé (1876-1954) et l'économie politique rurale Abstract: In 1948, Michel Augé-Laribé created the Société française d'économie rurale. Although his works are very often quoted, his ideas have not been deeply analysed. As a liberal, he is in favour of free-trade market and individual property, opposed to socialist theories. The size of tenures is not so important for him than the way they are managed. He is also a « social » economist aware of the quality of life of every farmers, especially agricultural workers. He thinks teaching is an essential part in the progress of agricultural economy and associative movement must remain apart of political figths. He is himself in favour of the prospects of the French Radical-Socialist Party. Volume: 248 Number: 354452 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354452 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354452/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5040.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barkaoui, Ahmed Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Title: Modélisation de l'agriculture meusienne et « Paquet Santer » Abstract: We simulate the effects of the European Commission's proposals for reforming the CAP, called the « Agenda 2000 » on the agriculture of the Meuse département, in France. This simulation is based on analytical economic accounts of a sample of farms representing professionnal Meuse agriculture, and on mathematical programming models. The originality of the model is to consider a flexibile yields and stocking rate and to integrate the effects of both technological and structural change on farms. According to the simulations, one may expect a decrease in beef production, an increase in grain production and changes in farm income that depend on production systems. The results on the Meuse agriculture make it possible to infer some more general effects of the proposed reform. Volume: 248 Number: 354453 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354453 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354453/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5041.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boyer, Philippe Title: La politique des pêches maritimes et des cultures marines françaises Abstract: In 1996, national and EU budgetary expenditures to french fisheries and sea-farming reach 450 millions francs, in the form of direct subsidies to the branch or market support. More than 50 p.c. of this amount is devoted to the restructuring policy, wich supports modernization under the constraint of global fishing capacity reduction, in order to preserve the ressource. Market support expenditures have increased during the crisis of the sector, but reach only 15 p.c. of total amount (instead of 80 p.c. in agricultural sector). The fisheries and sea-farming budgetary support in proportion to output value or labour unit is below average level noted in agriculture. Volume: 248 Number: 354454 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354454 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354454/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5042.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Crevoisier, Olivier Author-Name: Muller, Ariane Title: Évolution économique de la filière bois. Une analyse par les milieux innovateurs Abstract: Forestry and wood industry meet difficulties in countries like Switzerland and France. Several action have been undertaken in order to overcome them. We argue in this article that the failure of those policies is mainly due to a lack of understanding of the functionning of territorial production systems. Mobilizing the concept of innovative milieux, we present the result of a survey led in the swiss Jura region and put into evidence many barriers to cooperation between regional actors. The multiplicity of small firms, administrative bodies, professional associations, etc. and the absence of any discussion site is an explanation of the weakness of innovation dynamics in that region. Volume: 248 Number: 354455 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354455 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354455/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5043.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ninnin-Massenet, Véronique Author-Name: Ribier, Vincent Title: Saisonnalité des prix céréaliers en Afrique subsaharienne Abstract: The theoretical framework of seasonal price analisis is an inter-temporal market model of assets with several storing agents, farmers, traders or processing agents, depending on situations. The simplified model underlines the role of each agent and the impact of variables such as liquidity constraints, asymmetric information and risk aversion on price stability. Several situations of complementarity and destabi- lization among agents are identified and the consequences of those interactions on seasonal price patterns are analyzed. This representation helps design public policies and target them on those agents whose contribution to price stabilization is the largest. Volume: 248 Number: 354456 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354456 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354456/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5044.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Apoteker, Arnaud Author-Name: Gay, Philippe Author-Name: Riesel, René Author-Name: Marteau, Didier Author-Name: Guillou, Marion Title: Les OGM : les points de vue en présence. Conférence de citoyens sur l'utilisation des organismes génétiquement modifiés Volume: 248 Number: 354457 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354457 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354457/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5045.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Porin, François Title: Point de vue Un quatrième volet de négociations agricoles de I'OMC pour se protéger des distorsions de concurrence créées par les fluctuations monétaires Volume: 248 Number: 354458 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354458 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354458/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5046.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duponcel, Marc Title: Jacques Blanchet et Alain Revel Élargissement de l'Europe à l'Est, danger ou chance pour les agriculteurs ? Volume: 248 Number: 354459 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354459 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354459/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5047_t1_0054_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Besson, Igor Title: Marie Alexandrine Martin Les Khmers Daeum, « Khmers de l'origine ». Société montagnarde et exploitation de la forêt. De l'écologie à l'histoire Volume: 248 Number: 354460 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354460 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354460/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5047_t1_0055_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 248 Number: 354461 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354461 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354461/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5048.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des auteurs 1998 Volume: 248 Number: 354462 Year: 1998 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354462 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354462/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1998_num_248_1_5049.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barrès, Danièle Author-Name: Boisson, Jean-Marie Author-Name: Colson, François Title: Mesures agri-environnementales. Quel bilan ? Quelles perspectives ? Volume: 249 Number: 354463 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354463 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354463/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5051.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354463 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Couvreur, Marc Author-Name: Mitteault, François Author-Name: Pech, Michel Title: Les mesures agri-environnementales mises en œuvre en France Volume: 249 Number: 354464 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354464 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354464/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5053.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiébaut, Luc Title: Mesures agri-environnementales et politiques d'environnement. Intégrations, complémentarités et décalages Abstract: Agri-environmental measures are a starting point for the (external) integration of environmental concerns into agricultural policy. They also contribute to the (internal) integration of environmental policies on a compartmental basis. But these processes of integration and the effectiveness of the measures relative to their agricultural and environmental objectives are compromised by a lack of clarity as to the interests pursued and by their extension to purposes which only indirectly relate to the environment, or at least are not very consistent with earlier policies for environmental protection. Volume: 249 Number: 354465 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354465 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354465/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5055.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berthelot, Philippe Author-Name: Chatellier, Vincent Author-Name: Colson, François Title: L'impact des mesures agri-environnementales sur le revenu des exploitations agricoles françaises Abstract: This article presents the main agro-environmental measures decided in the accompanying plan of the Common agricultural policy reform (1992). Based on the Farm Accounting Data Network (FADN - 1995), it characterises the farms which are eligible to this disposal and analyses the weight of these specific subsidies in the farm income. Around 17% of the whole French professional farms have agro-environmental subsidies, these subsidies represent 15% of their total amount of direct subsidies. The eligible farms have a lower income than the others but they have a larger surface (67 hectares including half of permanent grass). These farms are mostly localised in disadvantaged areas, especially in the region specialised in beef production such as Auvergne, Bourgogne, Limousin, Midi-Pyrénées and Rhône-Alpes. Volume: 249 Number: 354466 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354466 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354466/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5056.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbut, Laurent Title: Évaluation du programme agri-environnemental franc-comtois Abstract: This paper is based on an assessment of the «Franche- Comté» agri-environmental program. All the French regions' programs were to be assessed with a common methodology, but this one was carried on first Therefore, this material is characterized by its tailor-made methodology, designed to take up the two main challenges of this kind of valuation : their regional scale and their numerous topics of interrogation (ecological, economical, sociological, political). The proposed methodological recommendations about public policy valuation will be based on the results of this work, but also on its gaps. Eventually, it is shown that such type of reflexion should be better combined with advanced thinking on decision-making tools. Volume: 249 Number: 354467 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354467 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354467/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5057.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thannberger-Gaillarde, Elisabeth Title: Contrat agri-environnemental : un outil pour quelles coordinations ? Abstract: The agro-environmental measures implement contracts between the State and the farmers. Their aim is to change the practices of the contractors or to maintain them, which is supposed to have an environmental impact. The aim of the paper is to show what constrains the contractor. With the help of an economics of conventions analysis, we show that the integration of the contract in the functioning of the farm system puts of the proof of the legitimacy of the contract. The contract induces new forms of coordination between the farmer and his socio-economic environment. The analysis is carried out the case of forest protection against fire in the Cevennes mountains and out the case of protection of species in the Crau steppe. We analyse constraints through the coordinations they involve. Volume: 249 Number: 354468 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354468 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354468/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5058.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354468 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Guen, Roger Author-Name: Sigwalt, Annie Title: Le métier d'éleveur face à une politique de protection de la bio-diversité Abstract: The introduction of an environnemental measure which aims to protect in the corne crake meadows liable to be flooded brings news responsabilities to local farmers : the upkeep of an environnemental sensitive area. The various interpretations of the conservation scheme (bearing in mind the network of relations and influence of individuel farmers) have provoked debates on meadows management norms, which have been called into question by new ornothological and landscape interests. But in conflicts with other agents for environnemental conservation, farmers have gradually come to be respected as experts and mediators, and therein found a new sense of indentity. Volume: 249 Number: 354469 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354469 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354469/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5059.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354469 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steyaert, Patrick Author-Name: Papy, François Title: Contribution de l'agronomie à l'évaluation des opérations locales agri-environnementales Abstract: Agri-environmental policies have been designed by national and EU authorities to deal with environmental problems involving farming activities. In evaluating Local Agri-Environmental Operations, French agronomists have needed to take into account the spatial distribution of farming activities across the territory concerned by the Operation. Agronomic analyses focus on the following aspects of the Operation : coherence of the measures regarding the delimitation of the area concerned and the content of the list of obligations applying to the cropping systems (annual crops and grasslands); consequences of contracting and of farm adaptability to technical change. We illustrate the potential of these agronomic analyses with an evaluation of agri-environmental measures applied in the wetlands of western France for biotope protection through maintenance of grasslands and advocacy of extensive management practices. Volume: 249 Number: 354470 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354470 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354470/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5060.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buller, Henry Title: Les mesures agri-environnementales en Grande-Bretagne Abstract: If Great Britain has long been characterised by a high degree of concern for the protection and management of its rural environment, the introduction of a specific EU led agri-environmental policy has both highlighted the British tradition for supporting environementally sensitive farming systems and exposed the particularity of the British position with respect to other EU member States. The first member State to introduce a network of ESAs in 1985, Great Britain has subsequently fallen behind in the full implementation of agri-environmental policy as laid out in the 1992 regulation. This paper describes the emergence of British agri-environmental policy and considers the reasons behind the current position adopted by Britain with respect to subsequent agri-environmental regulation and, crucially, CAP reform. Volume: 249 Number: 354471 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354471 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354471/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5062.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Billaud, Jean-Paul Author-Name: Pinton, Florence Title: De l'institution à l'individu. Esquisse du paysage agri-environnemental dans trois pays européens Abstract: This paper accounts fora comparative research on the application of agri-environmental measures in Germany, France and Portugal. The results we present here are extracted from a sociological inquiry conducted with about 700 farm-holders, in seven regions of these three above-mentioned European countries. We have questioned these farmers -had they signed or not any agreement- and all the various actors implied in the implementation of this European policy on the local as well as on the national scale. In this paper, we aim at explaining why applying these agri-environmental measures impulses a paradoxical dynamics coming to light thanks to the different scales taken into account by the analyses. If these measures come in addition to others already existing, the engagement of farmers is to be replaced in a social logic combining choices arising from their experience as producers, but also arising from their growing awareness of their citizenship. Volume: 249 Number: 354472 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354472 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354472/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5063.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delvaux, Lionel Author-Name: Henry de Frahan, Bruno Author-Name: Dupraz, Pierre Author-Name: Vermersch, Dominique Title: Adoption d'une MAE et consentement à recevoir des agriculteurs en région wallone Abstract: To explain the low adoption rate of the agri-environment measures in place since 1994 in the Region of Wallonia, Belgium, this study identifies and analyses the adoption determinants of the two most popular measures: late mowing and the maintenance of quickset hedges. Under agri-environment measures, the farmer may simultaneously receive a payment for supplying environmental goods and derive utility from their presence on his farm. Based on the theory of farm household, the model used for this analysis takes into account this absence of rivalry characterising the environmental goods. Using this model with data from a survey of 245 farmers, the econometric analysis confirms the validity of this type of behaviour and shows in particular to what extent the household's environmental sensitivity influences the probability of adopting these two agri-environment measures. The econometric results for the adoption of the late mowing measure compared to those for the willingness to accept a payment to adopt this measure are coherent with each other and confirm the validity of using contingent evaluation to estimate the costs of providing a public good by private agents. Specific recommendations for broadening the adoption of these two measures are also proposed. Volume: 249 Number: 354473 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354473 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354473/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5064.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lorvellec, Louis Title: Travail agricole et territoires du droit Volume: 249 Number: 354474 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354474 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354474/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5066.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, François Author-Name: Vermersch, Dominique Title: La dimension environnementale dans la réforme de la PAC Volume: 249 Number: 354475 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354475 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354475/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5067.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salles, Jean-Michel Title: Catherine Larrère Les philosophies de l'environnement Volume: 249 Number: 354476 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354476 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354476/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5068_t1_0091_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boisson, Jean-Marie Title: Louis Malassis Les trois âges de l'alimentaire Tome I : L'âge pré-agricole et l'âge agricole, Tome II : L'âge agro-industriel Volume: 249 Number: 354477 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354477 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354477/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5068_t1_0092_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 249 Number: 354478 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354478 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354478/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_249_1_5069.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Christensen, Ane Katherine Title: Modèles calculables d'équilibre général. Risque et place de l'agriculture dans l'économie nationale. Abstract: In order to discuss the place of agriculture in growth, as well as the economic relationships between sectors, general equilibrium models of Hungarian and Polish economies are built up. Because price stabilisation policies are at stake in these countries, emphasis is put on introducing risk consideration into the equilibrium. Because growth is an important issue, the models are made recursive, by making current stocks dependant upon past year flows. It is shown that many conclusions, such as the large benefits from trade, which seem firmly founded when risk is not considered in models, mus be revisited when it is. Volume: 250 Number: 354479 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354479 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354479/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5070.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caillavet, France Author-Name: Nichele, Véronique Title: Autoconsommation et jardin. Arbitrage entre production domestique et achats de légumes Abstract: This paper studies the trade-off between vegetables purchases and home production with the 1991 French National Food Survey. We model the availability of a garden, and the total and home-produced vegetables consumptions. Estimation is obtained by using two-step procedures in which the decision to consume is distinct from the decision on the amount consumed. Results show the independence between total vegetables consumption and home-produced vegetables consumption. We obtain as well interesting socio-demo- graphic effects which can differ on the frequency and the volume of home-produced food consumption. Volume: 250 Number: 354480 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354480 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354480/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5071.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354480 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allain, Sophie Title: Approche cognitive du pilotage stratégique de l'entreprise agricole. Abstract: The area of strategic management, especially for equipment decisions, is a key-concern for management consulting in a farm. We propose there to show the interest of a behavioral approach of équipement decisions in cropping areas, that is, an approach which purpose is to understand why and how somebody makes his decisions. We'll begin to present our theoretical groundings for studying strategic management decisions, then we'll build a framework for équipement decisions; we'll then apply it to different cases, and finally examine some implies for strategic management consulting. Volume: 250 Number: 354481 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354481 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354481/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5072.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanc, Michel Author-Name: Aubert, Francis Author-Name: Detang-Dessendre, Cécile Title: Le fonctionnement des marchés du travail ruraux Abstract: In this contribution, rural space is regarded as characterised mainly by low density of population and jobs and by small size of the firms. The impact of these characteristics on the labour market is analysed. Two hypotheses are tested : matching difficulties and existence of paternalism. Matching difficulties appear to play a role in the selection of the rural labour markets' actors. Wage determination and job stability seem to depend mainly on the social relationships which may link employers and employees outside the production sphere. In conclusion, the impact of the weight of paternalistic industrial relationships on the economic competitiveness of rural areas is discussed. Volume: 250 Number: 354482 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354482 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354482/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5073.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Disez, Nathalie Title: Agritourisme. Logiques d'acteurs ou logiques de territoires ? Abstract: Agritourism, meaning leisure and tourism activities proposed by farmers in relation with the farm, is an innovating activity and takes part in rural development. The analysis of agritourism contribution for rural development in six regions of the Massif Central must bring some reservations. The collective feature of the development is lower. And, even if territorial factors take part in the farmer's choice agritouristic, strategies show us more the diversity than a real territorial characteristic. These conclusions are relative. On the one hand, it may be early to analyse agritourism contribution because it is moving to more complex activities with bigger farmers'commitment in tourism. On the other hand, is not the small territorial dimension in relation with the characteristics of studied spaces ? At last, this survey could be extended by the study of rural and farming policies'effects on agritourism. Volume: 250 Number: 354483 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354483 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354483/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5074.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Point de vue. Pressions sur la PAC. Peut-on prévoir son avenir sur la base de l'interprétation du passé ? Volume: 250 Number: 354484 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354484 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354484/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5075.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Huiban, Jean-Pierre Title: Rapport de congrès 45e North American Congress. Régional Science Association International Volume: 250 Number: 354485 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354485 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354485/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5076.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Hommage à Danièle Ponchelet Volume: 250 Number: 354486 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354486 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354486/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5077.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: René Groussard et Pierre Marsal Monde du vivant, agriculture et société La pépite et le grain de blé Volume: 250 Number: 354487 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354487 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354487/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5078_t1_0056_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pinton, Florence Title: Textes réunis et présentés par Pierre Alphandery et Jean-Paul Billaud Cultiver la nature Volume: 250 Number: 354488 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354488 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354488/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5078_t1_0057_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 250 Number: 354489 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354489 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354489/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_250_1_5079.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354489 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Agenda 2000 : quelles sont les perspectives des aides directes aux exploitations agricoles ? Volume: 251 Number: 354490 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354490 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354490/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5377.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Title: Introduction Abstract: The main purpose of this article is to highlight the relevance of the computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach for the analysis of agricultural issues. Principles of the CGE modelling are first reminded. CGE models differ from multi-market partial equilibrium models about two main respects : their exhaustive treatment of the economy considered and the robustness of their micro-economic foundations. The significance of these two caracteristics is next underlined with a CGE model focused on the United States Agriculture. Volume: 251 Number: 354491 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354491 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354491/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5081.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gohin, Alexandre Author-Name: Guyomard, Hervé Author-Name: Le Mouël, Chantal Title: L'analyse des politiques agricoles : l'apport de l'équilibre général calculable Abstract: The effects of removing all internal support measures in the French cereal, oilseed and protein crop (COP) sector, under the alternative assumption that the Community preference is either maintained or abolished, are assessed with MEGAAF. French grain imports from third countries are explicitly modeled, as well as the European protection system. Simulation results show that the French COP sector is far less affected when the Community preference is maintained. Results also suggest French selfsufficiency in grains could be challenged following the removal of the Community preference. Volume: 251 Number: 354492 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354492 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354492/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5082.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354492 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gohin, Alexandre Author-Name: Guyomard, Hervé Author-Name: Le Mouël, Chantal Title: De l'importance du maintien de la préférence communautaire pour l'agriculture française Abstract: Since a few years, computable general equilibrium models have been intensively used to analyse environmental policies. These models rely on a walrasian framework and allow for an explicit description of economy/environment interactions. In the first section, we describe briefly the main features of the computable general equilibrium models. Then in the second section we focuse on various ways to model environmental feedbacks on households or firms behaviours. We illustrate the notions of static and dynamic non-separability (or static and dynamic feedbacks) by taking examples from the recent literature. In the third section we finally present the scope of the calculable general equilibrium model and their role in the rise of the so-called 'double dividend' issue. Volume: 251 Number: 354493 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354493 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354493/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5083.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beaumais, Olivier Author-Name: Schubert, Katheline Title: La modélisation en équilibre général calculable Abstract: Despite the significative influence of the CAP on European agricultural markets, the agricultural sector of EU countries are also partly under the influence of macroeconomic activity and policy shocks. One of the questions raised by the relationships between macroeconomy and agriculture in Europe concerns the comparison of the expected impact of the future EMU monetary policy schocks on the agricultural sector in European countries. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the sensibility of agriculture to monetary policy shocks among european countries. Volume: 251 Number: 354494 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354494 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354494/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5084.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tavéra, Christophe Title: Les effets comparés de la politique monétaire sur les secteurs agricoles européens Volume: 251 Number: 354495 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354495 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354495/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5085.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Colson, François Title: Introduction Volume: 251 Number: 354496 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354496 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354496/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5378.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Analyse comparée des effets budgétaires d'Agenda 2000 pour les différents pays membres de l'Union européenne Résumé de l'intervention de Joël Mathurin, ministère de l'Agriculture, DAFE Volume: 251 Number: 354497 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354497 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354497/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5087_t1_0043_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Conséquences du projet "Agenda 2000" sur le montant des aides directes aux exploitations agricoles françaises Résumé de l'intervention de François Colson et Vincent Chatellier, Lereco Inra, Nantes Volume: 251 Number: 354498 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354498 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354498/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5087_t1_0044_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Négociations internationales et découplage des aides directes Résumé de l'intervention de Hervé Guyomard, Inra-Esr, Rennes Volume: 251 Number: 354499 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354499 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354499/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5087_t1_0045_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Négociations internationales et découplage des aides directes Résumé de l'intervention de Hervé Guyomard, Inra-Esr, Rennes Volume: 251 Number: 354500 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354500 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354500/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5087_t1_0046_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Agriculture et négociations commerciales Résumé de l'intervention de Dominique Bureau, Conseil d'analyse économique Volume: 251 Number: 354501 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354501 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354501/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5087_t1_0047_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Revel, Alain Title: Agenda 2000 et découplage : boîte verte, jaune ou bleue? Volume: 251 Number: 354502 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354502 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354502/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5089.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wolfer, Bernard Title: La réforme des politiques agricoles. Le découplage: une fausse solution Volume: 251 Number: 354503 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354503 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354503/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5090.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Vient de paraître. Compte rendu du colloque de Clermond-Ferrand sur les signes officiels de qualité et le développement agricole Volume: 251 Number: 354504 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354504 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354504/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5091.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Jean-Marie Attonaty (sous la direction de) Les chercheurs et l'innovation Regard sur les pratiques de l'INRA Volume: 251 Number: 354505 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354505 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354505/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5092_t1_0055_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Groupe de recherches ethnologiques de L'Anjou Paroles et parcours de paysans Nous avons cru au progrès Volume: 251 Number: 354506 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354506 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354506/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5092_t1_0056_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Yujiro Hayami et Vernon Ruttan Agriculture et développement, une approche internationale Volume: 251 Number: 354507 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354507 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354507/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5092_t1_0057_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: C. Laurent, I. Bowler (Eds) Cap and the Regions, Building a Multi- disciplinary Framework for the Analysis of the EU Agricultural Space Volume: 251 Number: 354508 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354508 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354508/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5092_t1_0058_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Jean-Pierre Bertrand, Jacques Blanchet, Alain Revel, Claude Roger Le pouvoir alimentaire mondial en question Volume: 251 Number: 354509 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354509 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354509/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5092_t1_0059_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mouchet, Christian Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: André Pochon Les champs du possible. Plaidoyer pour une agriculture durable Volume: 251 Number: 354510 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354510 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354510/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5092_t1_0060_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: Jean-Marie Legay L'expérience et le modèle Un discours sur la méthode Volume: 251 Number: 354511 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354511 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354511/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5092_t1_0061_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Pierre Bourdieu Les usages sociaux de la science. Pour une sociologie clinique du champ scientifique Volume: 251 Number: 354512 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354512 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354512/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5092_t1_0063_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354512 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 251 Number: 354513 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354513 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354513/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_251_1_5093.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Facchini, François Title: La mise en œuvre de l'article 19 du règlement CEE 797/85 en France et en Grande-Bretagne Abstract: This paper compares the French and the British application of article 19 of EC Directive 797/85. It shows that France was very slow in this application. But UK had quickly financed the management agreement. France was opposed to management agreement, and this was shown by : small size of the surface area under contract, slightness of the budget allowed and hight delay in the implementation of the law. The difference between French and british responses to the article 19 of EC Directive is explained by the way the regulating was drawn up. France was delayed, but this country was inforced to implement the article 19. On the one hand, because from the beginning France, as all the other members of EEC, was financing part of the subsidies. On the second hand, because all the countries of EC were inforced to implement the article. However, France always favores the balance between districts and this before taking care of environment quality. This way French administration uses the article 19 to subsidize some districts. So, an european policy can have different aims and different implementations from one country to an other. Volume: 252 Number: 354514 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354514 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354514/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5094.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354514 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Candau, Jacqueline Title: Usage du concept d'espace public pour une lecture critique des processus de concertation Abstract: In order to carry out a critical examination of the dialogue process, this article proposes to use the concept of public sphere, as defined by J. Habermas. This analysis applied to three local agri-environmental programmes shows that dialogue can be limited to a simple procedure or, on the contrary, turn into the construction of a collective process with more or less strong modes. These gradual modes of collective action are as follow : emergence of a multiple voiceddiscussion, construction of a common will and criticism of the institutional space. Volume: 252 Number: 354515 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354515 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354515/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5095.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Risoud, Bernadette Title: Développement durable et analyse énergétique d'exploitations agricoles Abstract: Does the energy balance of farm, in which are accounted non-renewable energy incorporated into farm inputs and gross energy of the products, provide indicators of sustainable development ? On the basis of examples, it is shown that, in simplifying and quantifying complexity, energy efficiency reveals farm autonomy, its utilization of local ressources and non-renewable energies. Furthermore, it is pointed out that: better energy efficiencies are obtained in plant production than 20 years ago ; energy analysis is relevant to compare different management sequences of a given crop or animal product and to provide an internal assessment of the farm. Volume: 252 Number: 354516 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354516 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354516/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5096.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fortier, Agnès Title: De l'efficacité sociale d'une réglementation Abstract: What is the social efficacity of regulation about collecting Helix pomatia, anedible snail? An ethnographic survey of amateurs of this practice led us to consider the validity of this regulation. This regulation would be effective and legitimate only if it is able to solve the problem : the rarefaction of breed. Now, in the special case of Helix pomatia; the collecting is only one factor among others to explain decrease in numbers of snails. The degradation of favourable habitats also contribute to decreased populations. The effect induced by collecting the snail population seems the more reduced that this practice is limited to a minority. Constraints and representations linked with culinary preparation become so important that they dissuade many people to do it But the non-respect of rules by many collectors also depend upon some practices and cultural uses, not taken into account in the 1979 regulation. Volume: 252 Number: 354517 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354517 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354517/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5097.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alary, Véronique Title: Le système coopératif laitier en Inde à l'épreuve de la libéralisation Abstract: In 20 years the average availability of milk has crossed 112 gms per day per inhabitant (1973-1974) to about 194 (1994- 1995). These achievements lie numerous technical and organizational efforts to tap a scattered supply system and make the product accessible to the urban population. These results are the fruits of « Operation Flood », launched by the National Dairy Development Board (nddb) in 1970- 1971. However, since the liberalization of the dairy sector in 1991, the increase in number of the private dairy industries threatens the monopoly of the nddb. But the possible imports of milk powder at low price, specially from Europe and New Zealand, could constitute the biggest danger to the producers and the nddb, and, in the longer term, to the national production of milk. Volume: 252 Number: 354518 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354518 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354518/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5098.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khedhiri, Sami Title: Analyse empirique de l'intégration des marchés agricoles en Tunisie Abstract: The development of the agricultural sector requires that agricultural products be competitive in the domestic and the international markets. This may be shown by the degree of market integration which is studied in this article for the case of Tunisia. Our cointegration analysis results show that the degree of wholesale market integration is low in particular for the strategic products. It is also shown that the distance between markets and the volume of transactions cannot explain this lack of linkage between the markets. Volume: 252 Number: 354519 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354519 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354519/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5099.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guilmoto, Christophe Z. Author-Name: Sandron, Frédéric Title: Approche institutionnelle de la migration dans les pays en développement Abstract: The new development and institutional economics have renewed the study of economic behaviour in Third World countries. The main point of this article is to incorporate these new theoretical insights to analyse certain migration patterns as a inter-temporal contract linking actors and various local organizations in the developing world. Through a process of gradual self-reinforcement, these contracts lead to the "institutionalization" of migration which generates its own operating rules. This approach suggests to adopt a new perspective to examine the economic rationale of social processes linked to migrations. Volume: 252 Number: 354520 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354520 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354520/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5100.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Louhichi, Kamel Author-Name: Flichman, Guillermo Author-Name: Zekri, Slim Title: Un modèle bio-économique pour analyser l'impact de la politique de conservation des eaux et du sol Abstract: The present study applied on a big farm in Tunisia, based on a double observation relative to the gravity of the erosion and, on the other hand, the importance of public expenditures for water and soil conservation aiming to lessen this phenomenon. The divergence of results obtained by the adoption of conservation techniques constitutes the principal reason for questioning of this public intervention. The quantitative evaluation of the impact of these conservation on yield, the farming system and on the profitability of capital invested as well as on the erosion constitutes, there fore, the essential objective of this study. The bio-economic approach combining the use of a biophysical simulator and an economic optimization model is proposed as method to judge this efficiency. Volume: 252 Number: 354521 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354521 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354521/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5101.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sérès, Claire Author-Name: Laplana, Ramon Title: Note de recherche. Politiques de protection des eaux contre les pollutions agricoles Volume: 252 Number: 354522 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354522 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354522/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5102.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sirieix, Lucie Title: Notes de lecture : Innovation of Food Production Systems: product quality and consumer acceptance Volume: 252 Number: 354523 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354523 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354523/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5103.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 252 Number: 354524 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354524 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354524/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_252_1_5104.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354524 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanc, Michel Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Author-Name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe Title: Introduction Volume: 253 Number: 354525 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354525 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354525/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5105.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanc, Michel Author-Name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe Title: Emploi agricole : les cadres d'analyse à l'épreuve des dynamiques actuelles Abstract: This paper reviews three questions which have to do with agricultural employment Is there a change in the factors which bear upon the agricultural employment volume ? Is there a change in agricultural job characteristics and in occupational trajectories leading to these jobs ? Is agricultural employment still a key variable of rural employment ? The authors underscore the more conspicuous dynamics, investigate how they could be modified in the near future and question the need for reassessing the classical analytical frameworks explaining agricultural employment trends. Volume: 253 Number: 354526 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354526 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354526/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5107.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthez, Alice Title: Installation « hors du cadre familial » et relation d'adoption Abstract: The family farm takeover by a non family taker always existed although it was very much in the minority. If we consider the case of farm entrance by means of corporate farming, we can see that the relations between partners refer to the logic of family, in the meaning of a striking resemblance to an adoption process, rather than to the professional attitude normally connected to their business contract. This situation may give rise to tensions between the young partner, who doesn't easily stand the rules of an other family than his own, and the older, who tries to induce his own point of view of the business as included in a family continuation. Volume: 253 Number: 354527 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354527 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354527/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5109.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354527 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mundler, Patrick Author-Name: Ponchelet, Danielle Title: Agriculture et mobilité sociale. Ces agriculteurs venus d'ailleurs Abstract: Due to the constant decrease in the number of farms and to the insufficient number of descendents of farmers likely to get started on a farm, settlement outside of the family structure is encouraged. Using monographical cases studies the present article aims at understanding the motives of these "new farmers", at presenting the specific hardships they have to go through in term of work as well as in term of access to property and at analyzing the strategies they develop to overcome these difficulties. Through these examples, the selectivity and coherence of agricultural aids strategies are also questioned. Volume: 253 Number: 354528 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354528 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354528/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5110.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dedieu, Benoît Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Author-Name: Mundler, Patrick Title: Organisation du travail dans les systèmes d'activités complexes Abstract: A significant proportion of farm households combine several types of professional activities. However the compatibility of these different activities is not obvious. Work planning aspects should therefore be included when analysing change in farming and rural employment. Animal production specialists addressing these issues have developed a method named « Bilan Travail » (work planning assessment) which is implemented in diagnostic and advisory work on livestock farms. Some of its principles could be taken up to analyse all the professional activities of farm households. Volume: 253 Number: 354529 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354529 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354529/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5111.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354529 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bodiguel, Luc Title: La reconnaissance juridique de « l'entrepreneuriat » rural Abstract: A few authors have pointed out the emergence of a new social group belonginig to the rural class -rural entrepreneur- and of new forms of business -rural entreprises. The aim of this article is to know whether a juridical concept could correspond to the sociological and political concept of rural entreprise, in others words if the definition of a juridical status of their own, for entreprises located in the country, could square with the system of classification of the private economic activities. Indeed it must be admitted that the notion of territorial link of an economic unit does not fit in the spirit of private law. Volume: 253 Number: 354530 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354530 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354530/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5112.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Mortaud, Jean-Marie Author-Name: Thareau, Jean Title: Performances économiques et aides publiques en production laitière Abstract: How does government aid influence the economic performance of agricultural holdings and subsequently production system dynamics and employment in the dairy industry ? To outline an answer to this question and back up hypotheses from monographic observations for Mayenne (France), OTEX milk-specific agricultural accounting information network cate (RICA 1995) are processed with holdings ranked by economic size, level of support per labour unit and degree of independence of the production system. Analysis of production system performances combined with simple simulations of possible orientations for specialist dairy structures indicate potential alternatives to the present model of concentration and of intensification through greater reliance on intermediate consumption, alternatives which are far preferable in terms of income and employment. Volume: 253 Number: 354531 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354531 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354531/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5114.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daucé, Pierre Author-Name: Leturcq, Fabrice Author-Name: Quinqu, Maurice Title: L'impact du deuxième dispositif de préretraite agricole sur l'installation des jeunes agriculteurs Abstract: The aims of the second early retirement scheme for farmers, implemented in France from 1995 to 1997, has known substantial changes, to support more than the first programme, the intergenerational transfer of farm holdings in favour of the young farmers. In this paper, we try to measure the effects of this policy. It seems that the objectives have been reached since the number of establishments in agriculture is significantly higher than during the 1992-1 994 period. However the mid term impact will be less favourable, because the land market will be strongly reduced; besides the real additional establishments are not so important specially those that are achieved out of the family frame, and the cost of the programme seems very high, comparatively with the results that have been obtained. Volume: 253 Number: 354532 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354532 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354532/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5115.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Author-Name: Delord, Bernard Title: Politiques agricoles locales et emploi Abstract: Since the laws of decentralisation in the eighties, French local authorities at departmental and regional levels have reinforced their economical interventions. Their review, for the agricultural part, has been realised for years 1992 and 1995 and reveals that the agricultural local spending represent about 3 billions French francs, so less than 5% of National and European subsidies. There is a high correlation between local agricultural policies and farm working population, whereas National and European spending are related to the agricultural gross added value. The analysis of the economical mechanisms, on which these local policies have an impact shows a probable contribution of some of them on local employment maintenance or development. Volume: 253 Number: 354533 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354533 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354533/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5116.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354533 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guérin, Marc Title: Proximité et actions publiques pour l'emploi : Quelle pertinence avec l'évolution économique des territoires ruraux ? Abstract: A local analysis allow to examine the pertinence of the proximity approaches in order to maintain or to develop employment and activity in the rural areas. The search to improve the functioning of labor market and to support creation of activities appears more or less adapted to the functioning of the labor market and the local contexts. Volume: 253 Number: 354534 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354534 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354534/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5117.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bono, Pierre Author-Name: Touzard, Jean-Marc Title: La contribution de l'agriculture à l'emploi régional Abstract: The paper analyzes agriculture effects on Languedoc Roussillon employment. The methods is based on structural model of the relationships between agriculture and the rest of the regional economy. Linked employment are quantified with appropriate descriptors, considering the accessibility to statistics at the regional level. The application to the case of Languedoc Roussillon region shows that one non agricultural employment is linked to one agricultural employment. The most important effects proceed from agricultural household consumption. Application of this method at the local level is also tested, using sample survey into farms and local companies. Volume: 253 Number: 354535 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354535 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354535/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5118.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354535 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fournier, Mauricette Title: Une véritable politique de l'emploi : élément de la resilience industrielle des moyennes montagnes d'Auvergne Abstract: The middle mountains industry in Auvergne is currently facing a lack of qualifications both due to insufficiency of local labour training and to the difficulty in attracting resources of other regions, specially skilled people. However, the industrial system didn't seem to suffer that much from this handicap and the characteristics of the local labour remain for the local managers one of the key advantages of their geographic situation. These two assessments, apparently contradictory, are indeed the cause and the consequence of a third one : the necessity in which many companies are to train themselves their staff had led them to implement a true employment policy, main element of the industrial resilience. Volume: 253 Number: 354536 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354536 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354536/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5119.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gillet, Marie Title: Analyse sociologique des transmissions dites hors cadre familial Volume: 253 Number: 354537 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354537 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354537/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5121.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354537 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchemanche, Sandrine Title: La combinaison d'activités : Ajustement ou discordance entre les pratiques professionnelles et les goûts Volume: 253 Number: 354538 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354538 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354538/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5122.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chiffoleau, Yuna Title: La pluriactivité en coopération viticole : une chance pour l'emploi en Languedoc-Roussillon ? Volume: 253 Number: 354539 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354539 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354539/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5123.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Epagneul, Marie-France Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: Introduction Volume: 253 Number: 354540 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354540 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354540/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5125.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chalopin, André Author-Name: Commoy-Lenoir, Daniel Title: Une exploitation rurale : 50 chèvres et 20 ânes. Visite pédagogique et chambres d'hôtes Volume: 253 Number: 354541 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354541 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354541/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5127.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354541 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chalopin, André Author-Name: Masson, Pierre Title: Construction de la CUMA-COMPOST Volume: 253 Number: 354542 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354542 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354542/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5128.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chalopin, André Author-Name: Monier, Alice Title: Le groupement d'employeurs ruraux du sud-Aveyron (GERSA) Volume: 253 Number: 354543 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354543 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354543/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5129.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354543 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 253 Number: 354544 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354544 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354544/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_253_1_5380.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354544 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rieu, Thierry Author-Name: Ruf, Thierry Author-Name: Terreaux, Jean-Philippe Title: Introduction Volume: 254 Number: 354545 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354545 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354545/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5130.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perret, Sylvain Author-Name: Le Gal, Pierre-Yves Title: Analyse des pratiques, modélisation et aide à la décision dans le domaine de l'irrigation Abstract: A limited collective resource of irrigation water gets actors to negociate common rules of distribution and management. A study has been conducted in La Réunion on a collective reservoir project, to help farmers to better define the supply-demand relationships of water and the risks of shortage, and to test various rules of distribution. This paper presents the methodology used, which closely associates (i) analysis of the individual farmers' irrigation practices, (ii) design of tools for modelling and simulation of the individual water consumptions and the water supply dynamic according to various climatic scenarios, and (iii) discussion of the results with the farmers' group. Volume: 254 Number: 354546 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354546 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354546/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5132.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354546 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Garin, Patrice Author-Name: Strosser, Pierre Author-Name: Lamacq, Sophie Title: Quelle représentation d'un système irrigué pour une analyse prospective des réformes de gestion ? Abstract: The paper presents the different steps of the systemic analysis applied for identifying appropriate policy and management interventions in irrigation systems in Pakistan. A key element of this analysis is the building of a representation of the irrigation systems considered that combines relevant biophysical and de- cisional processes. This representation is the basis for the development of disciplinary activities, and for their integration into a simple but robust integrated model used for assessing the impact of potential interventions. The authors stress the non-universal character of this representation that has been built according to the issues, spatial and temporal scales and irrigation system investigated. This is further confirmed by the diversity of representations presented in the literature. The limits of the approach and its other possible uses are discussed. Volume: 254 Number: 354547 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354547 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354547/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5133.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Montginoul, Marielle Author-Name: Strosser, Pierre Title: Analyser l'impact des marchés de l'eau Abstract: In response to the increasing water scarcity, water markets are sometimes proposed to reach an efficient allocation. Such markets already exist in a number of countries (USA, Mexico, India). However empirical studies analysing the impact of water markets are rare and not sufficient to recommend their implementation in other contexts, apart from a theoretical point of view. After a description of what is called water market the paper focuses on the literature analysing the economic impact of existing water markets. The impact of potential irrigation water markets in France and in Pakistan is then analysed using an economic model based on linear programming; this impact seems limited. However, the study identifies necessary physical and socio-economical conditions for such water markets to have a significant economic impact. Volume: 254 Number: 354548 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354548 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354548/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5135.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thabet, Chokri Author-Name: Macgregor, Bob Author-Name: Surry, Yves Title: Effets macro-économiques de la politique du prix de l'eau d'irrigation en Tunisie Abstract: In this article, we examine the impacts of a change in water pricing on Tunisia's agriculture sector and the rest of the economy. For this purpose, we built a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with five production sectors : irrigated and rainfed agriculture, production and distribution of drinkable water, manufacuring and services. Three different scenarios are assessed. The first one assumes a 10% increase in the price of irrigated water. The second scenario consists of simulating a significant increase (30 %) in non-agricultural water demand by 2010. The last scenario combines the previous two. Simulation results indicate that: i)Tunisia's agricultural sector would be able to absorb, over the longer term, the effects of an increase in the price of irrigated water, ii) the government budget deficit would shrink, and iii) farm and urban households welfare would improve. Volume: 254 Number: 354549 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354549 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354549/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5136.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354549 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rinaudo, Jean-Daniel Author-Name: Morardet, Sylvie Title: Acceptabilité des réformes des politiques de gestion de l'eau Abstract: This paper proposes a framework to analyse the acceptability of water policy reforms. It shows that the question of reform acceptability arises at three different stages of the reform process : during its design (definition of reform objectives and guidelines), its implementation (choice of policy instruments) and its enforcement. Using theoretical arguments and examples from two case studies (France and Pakistan), the paper shows that, according to the institutional context where the decision is taken (centralised or negotiated decision) the acceptability of a reform can be assessed through the analysis of its political feasibility or through the analysis of the negotiation process. Volume: 254 Number: 354550 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354550 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354550/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5137.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grappey, Corinne Title: Fiabilité des résultats de méthode d'évaluation contingente et modes d'interrogation Abstract: This paper explores the reliability of estimates from contingent valuation method assessing the variability of contingent values collected by two modes of data collection: face-to-face interviewing or mail survey. We compare the results of two contingent valuation surveys on the willingness to pay for preserving groundwater quality in the Bievre-Liers Plain (Isere, France). Empirical results indicate that the mean willingness to pay estimated for each survey are significantly different Volume: 254 Number: 354551 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354551 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354551/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5138.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354551 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Terreaux, Jean-Philippe Author-Name: Gleyses, Guy Title: Évolutions comparées de l'emploi dans les exploitations agricoles irriguées et non irriguées Volume: 254 Number: 354552 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354552 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354552/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5141.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piet, Laurent Title: Modèle d'équilibre général calculable distribué et gestion de l'eau Volume: 254 Number: 354553 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354553 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354553/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5142.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Négociations à l'OMC : remettre l'économie à sa juste place Volume: 254 Number: 354554 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354554 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354554/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5144.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354554 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thoyer, Sophie Title: Rosemary Fennell The Common Agricultural Policy Continuity and Change Volume: 254 Number: 354555 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354555 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354555/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5145_t1_0066_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Adrian Kay The reform of the common agricultural policy Volume: 254 Number: 354556 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354556 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354556/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5145_t1_0066_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354556 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Henri Atlan Sciences et Techniques La fin du «tout génétique»? Volume: 254 Number: 354557 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354557 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354557/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5145_t1_0068_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 254 Number: 354558 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354558 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354558/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5146.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Table des auteurs Volume: 254 Number: 354559 Year: 1999 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354559 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354559/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1999_num_254_1_5147.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354559 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Avant-propos Volume: 255-256 Number: 354560 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354560 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354560/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5148.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354560 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Introduction: Le cinquantenaire de la SFER Volume: 255-256 Number: 354561 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354561 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354561/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5149.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Author-Name: Demotes-Mainard, Magali Title: Les cinquante ans qui ont changé l'agriculture française Abstract: The fifty years which transformed french agriculture - In 1950, one-third of French employed persons worked in agriculture, only one among 22 nowadays, and farmers are less numerous than manufacturing industry workers in rural areas. Agricultural holdings remain family units, but their average area has become more than three times larger in fifty years. Over the same period, productivity gains, mainly due to the development of machinery, have been considerable. Agricultural output is more than twice higher, allowing France to become net exporter of agricultural products. This performance improvement leads to an upward trend in the purchasing power of gross individual income despite the sharp decrease of real output prices. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354562 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354562 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354562/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5151.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354562 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Cinquante ans de sondages d'opinion: les agriculteurs vus par les autres Français et par eux-mêmes Abstract: Fifty years of public opinion polls: farmers seen by other french people and by themselves - The «awful» image of farmers and rural areas, largely spread fifty or one hundred years ago, has entirely changed. For public opinion, agriculture is, nowadays, a good stake for French economy, especially for exportation. It has to be helped, because it has a promising future and life is better in rural areas than in towns. Farmers themselves think they have become true managers who run their farm according to the most modern methods and to the market's laws. They are a little afraid by the European building, but are keen supporters of the «euro».This paper in based on the study of old and recent authors and of public opinion polls since 1945. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354563 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354563 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354563/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5152.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354563 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muller, Pierre Title: La politique agricole française: l'État et les organisations professionnelles Abstract: French farm policy: state and professional organizations - During the last fifty years, French farm policy went along with the transformation of French agriculture. So, during the sixties, the implementation of a new policy encouraging modernization of the farms leads to an increasing participation of the farmers'unions in the new policy. But, since the eighties, with the change of the European context and the increasing requirements of competitiveness on the one hand, the growing importance of environmental protection on the other, the partners of farm policy have to elaborate a new «référentiel». Volume: 255-256 Number: 354564 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354564 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354564/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5153.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354564 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdelmalek, Ali Aït Title: L'exploitation familiale agricole: entre permanence et évolution Approche ethno-sociologique Abstract: The family farms: between permanence and evolution. ethno-sociological approach - Organization of labour in agriculture has known new trends for the 30 years. The modernization of agricultural farms since the mid-sixteen in France in consolidated around family farm; thus, one refutes the idea that the family constitutes an obstacle to the technical progress and to reconversion. We hypothesize the fundamental role of family structures which have been adapted to the new conditions of production, to the institutional, the climatological and social-economic constraints. This paper traces the principal watersheds in the evolution of gouvernmental ideas and attitudes concerning agriculture and its relationship to family. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354565 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354565 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354565/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5154.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354565 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Author-Name: Ghersi, Gérard Title: Sociétés et économie alimentaire Abstract: Societies and food economics - Agri-food economics is a newly born discipline arising from various changes in the western food systems and from the impact of the industrial revolution. A certain number of French economists, authors of articles published in "Économie rurale ", have contributed to the creation of new concepts and to the implementation of new tools and theories likely to allow a better analysis and a better understanding of the rapid changes having occurred these last few years in the field of agriculture and food. The aim of this article is to remind the important contribution of the French rural economy to this new field of reflection and research. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354566 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354566 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354566/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5156.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354566 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: Une brève histoire de l'industrie alimentaire Abstract: A short economic story of french food industry - This paper presents an historical picture of the French agro-food dynamics in the second part of the XX th century. After emphasizing the remarkable economic expansion in this sector (specially the contribution to the balance of trade and to direct or inferred employment), the author listed the different scientific publications on this subject. He pointed out that we passed from an « agricolo-centrée» approach to a «strategic» vision. A prospective analysis indicates that the agrofood industry will have to face 3 challenges in the forthcoming years: like new forms of competition (by concentration, innovation, and quality), value-creation for the partners of the firm (shareholders, wage-earners, suppliers and customers) and governance (towards a loss of autonomy for small firms ?). Volume: 255-256 Number: 354567 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354567 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354567/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5157.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D'Hauteville, François Title: La grande distribution alimentaire: la recherche est-elle en phase avec l'histoire? Abstract: Food large distribution: is research in accordance with history? - The author presents a historical view of modern retail, particularly since the 1960 years. He points out factors such as that technological changes in the information systems, the emerging economic power of retailers and the new fears of the consumer explain some of the new concepts that emerge in the relationships between retail and its suppliers. He looks into research work at INRA since 1978 by agro economists and management scholars, and finds that there is a lag between this academic production and the importance of current debates on these matters. He suggests some explanations and reviews briefly some of the conceptual tools that may help explore the economics of food retail, and the changes that are occuring in vertical relations in the food sectors. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354568 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354568 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354568/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5158.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joly, Pierre-Benoît Author-Name: Lemarié, Stéphane Title: Cinquante ans d'innovation en agriculture: quelques enseignements des approches socio-économiques Abstract: Agricultural innovation in the last fifty years: some lessons from socio-economic approaches - A synthesis of the analysis concerning the agricultural research and innovation processes is proposed in this paper. It focus on the parallel between the transformation of the agribusiness sectors on the one hand, and the evolution of the analytical framework on the other hand. A first set of studies has been developed from the 60's, and address the effect of the innovation to the evolution of agriculture, with two different perspectives. The American economists focus mainly on the analysis of the productivity, and the French economists analyze more particularly the transformation of both the production systems and the social networks within agriculture. A second set of studies, developed more recently, analyze the conception and the implementation of innovation. The choice of these analyses is justified because of the evolution of the agribusiness chains, and an increased interest for questions related to the products' quality. Such innovations result from the interaction of multiple actors and, as a consequence, the role of the research institutions needs to be revisited. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354569 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354569 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354569/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5159.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kayser, Bernard Title: L'intégration de la ruralité. Les campagnes françaises au XXIe siècle Abstract: Rural life and society - The second half of the century which is drawing to a close has seen rural life affected by the huge forces of change present in society as a whole. The traditionnal terms of the debate about what exactly is rural are now irrelevant. The new reality about rural life is that it has become urban. The 13.5 million people present in the countryside have, in the main, an urban way of life. In the recomposition of village society, the emergence of the middle classes is playing a decisive role. Since we can now speak of parity between the countryside and the city, there may be a possibility that social innovation in the XXI century could happen through these new actors on the rural stage. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354570 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354570 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354570/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5161.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larrère, Raphaël Author-Name: Vermersch, Dominique Title: Agriculture et environnement. L'économie rurale revisitée Abstract: Agriculture and environment. rural economy reconsidered - Because they carry enormous political stacks, the environmental impacts of agricultural policies fall within the scope of many research fields, where economics stand on the same foot as other disciplines. In economics, the solution of environmental questions are sought for in markets, in the hope of a synergy with current reappraisal of agricultural policies. Yet, such an approach leaves open a number of recurrent agricultural economic issues such as the mode of appropriation of natural resources and technological innovations, the ration for food self sufficiency, or the equity of public support to farmers. Admittedly, economics include an ethical aspect in its normative dimensions. Whatever its origin, either a wider utilitarism or any other more fundamental approach, the later always implies a certain ethical relativism, difficult to maintain compatible with alternative logic, such as the "citizen ", the "homo oeconomicus", or the moral being rationality....ln such a perspective, agricultural and - more generallyrural economics look like a microcosm. It reflects a large number of present social issues. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354571 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354571 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354571/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5162.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daucé, Pierre Title: Développement et ruralité Abstract: Development and rurauty - In France, since World War II, rural development has known great changes. In this paper, we review the evolution of the rather complex relationship between development and rural ity, that has strongly influenced the contemporary society and has given rise to a constant concern of the public policy. Three stages have been identified. The first one corresponds to the opening up of rural people and areas to « modernity ». The second one sees the expansion of agricultural development to the detriment of rural development. At last the third period opens new prospects linked to the current assets of rural areas. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354572 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354572 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354572/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5163.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: La revue Économie rurale et la PAC. Cinquante ans de publication Abstract: The journal économie rurale and the cap: 50 years of publication - Articulating quantitative and qualitative analysis, the article shows the changing status of the cap in the journal: a remote background for the country's productive mobilization during the fifties and sixties, it becomes during the seventies and eighties the spear-head of the French «export calling» before being reduced in the nineties to a mere appendix to the wro. These shifts reflect the phases of French agricultural development and the movements of the rural economy as it evolves from a Key- nesian productivism to a heteregoneous and contested neo liberalism. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354573 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354573 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354573/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5165.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354573 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahé, Louis-Pascal Author-Name: Laroche-Dupraz, Catherine Title: La politique agricole dans les négociations internationales Abstract: The paper covers the main topic of the French agricultural trade policy: the cap and the gatt. We review some developments of the cap in relation to the successive gatt rounds. Against early evidence of difficulties, the cap was not significantly adjusted, even in 1984, before the 1992 reform under the pressure of the Uruguay Round and of the previous concessions making the grain policy untenable. The French agricultural strategy is seen as too narrowly focused on the financial and trade benefits derived from the customs union and the financial solidarity principle. The French agricultural policy is paradoxical for a structural exporter as it relies extensively on market support, intervention and restitutions. Some explanations of this French paradox are suggested, and the supra national nature of the cap viewed as a main factor. Agenda 2000 and the « Loi d'orientation » could launch a far reaching agricultural policy, consistent with the European model of the countryside, if the whole support to the farm sector were channelled through the system of the «Contrats territoriaux d'exploitation», based not on agricultural products volumes, but on agricultural practices and effective environmental services. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354574 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354574 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354574/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5166.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354574 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Revel, Alain Title: L'Europe centrale, centre de l'Europe? Abstract: Central Europe has always been considered as a rural and agricultural dwarf. Nevertheless after the accession of the 10 CEECs, 100 millions of residents, of which 40 millions rural and 10 millions living from agriculture will be added to the eu. The widening of the EU will provoke a great mutation and will push the cap toward new problems, beyond those coming from Agenda 2000 and the wro negotiations. This process of widening will continue for long as Europe has no limit on its east side. Also long periods of post accession transition will be necessary in order that structural and agricultural adjustments be realised without slowing down the economic integration. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354575 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354575 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354575/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5167.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Griffon, Michel Title: Les pays en développement et l'économie internationale dans la revue Economie rurale de 1949 à 1999 Abstract: Less developed countries and international economy: topics in économie rurale, 1949-1999 - During the last 50 years, what has been the role of the economic journal of the French Society for Rural Economics in the debates related to Less Developed Countries and -more generally- international agricultural economics ? This question gives us the opportunity of reviewing all the research streams and quoting the authors. The main themes are: development project analysis, heterodox methods for economic analysis, rural intervention, agrarian and farming systems approaches, participatory research, commodity chain analysis, economic modelling of agriculture, globalization. The journal has never been the main medium for expression of the specialists of these research areas, but it is playing nowadays an increasing role and it has always expressed all what can be considered as a kind of specif icity of the French schools in agricultural economics. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354576 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354576 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354576/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5168.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ménard, Claude Title: Une nouvelle approche de l'agro-alimentaire: l'économie néo-institutionnelle Abstract: A new approach to the agro-food sector: the new institutional economics - The agro-food sector represents an exceptional domain of analysis for the two major branches of the research program in New Institutional Economics, i.e.: the microanalytics, focusing on the study of «governance structures», and the analysis of institutions, emphasizing the impact of the «rules of the games» on the behavior and performance of economic entities. On the first aspect, the agro-food sector offers a great variety of modes of organization and of contractual arrangements accompanying these modes. On the second aspect, all countries have experienced interactions between the institutional environment and the organization of the agricultural sector, particularly because of the role of state interventions. This paper summarizes some main developments in New Institutional Economics, with an emphasis on their relevance for the analysis of these problems. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354577 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354577 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354577/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5170.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Visions étrangères Abstract: Foreign points of view - We asked four foreign colleagues (M. de Benedictis, F. Heidhues, W. Moyer et M. Tracy) to give us their points of view on agricultural economics in France (more precisely on « économie rurale » as it is called in France), seen both as a discipline and as a profession. What is striking is how much these points of view, which are necessarily partial and different, in fact reach very similar conclusions. They stress the importance of pluridisciplinary approaches which in the past contributed to a good grasp of social and rural dimensions. This French specificity is much less clear today than in the past, because of the current predominance of neo-classical approaches. The main limitations emphasized by our neighbors are our reluctance to engage in normative analyses of agricultural policies and the weakness of the linkages between research and teaching. These ring two warning bells which we must reflect upon. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354578 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354578 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354578/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5171.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354578 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Blanc, Michel Title: L'évolution des disciplines et des métiers Abstract: Evolving profession - Since the Second world war, agricultural economics in France evolved as a discipline under a set of three main influences: changes in institutional and material setting, changes in "social demand", changes in ideas and power within the scientific community. Whereas the interwar period had been rather poor in terms of economic and sociological analysis of the rural world (in contrast with the situation at the beginning of the century), the postwar period was first marked by the necessity of recovery after the destruction of the war, and then, by the upsurge of the "marxist" school, which, in France, was particularly vigorous and somewhat original. Since the mid eighties, the French production in agricultural economics is more "mainstream ", yet marked by difficult relations with general economists, who do not in general consider agriculture as a subject of study by itself. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354579 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354579 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354579/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5172.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354579 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debailleul, Guy Title: La revue en perspective Volume: 255-256 Number: 354580 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354580 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354580/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5173.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Conclusion: Peut-on encore parler d'économie rurale ? Volume: 255-256 Number: 354581 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354581 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354581/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5174.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354581 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 255-256 Number: 354582 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354582 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354582/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5175.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Numéros d'économie rurale parus en 1998 et 1999 Abstract: Agricultural, equilibrium models and WTO - For years, computable general equilibrium models have been extensively used for the promotion of the free trade ideology in international audiences and trade negotiations. Yet, presently, they totally ignore risk and mainly dynamic considerations. Thus, the strength of their conclusions can be challenged. After an overview of the models which have been in operation recently, the paper presents alternative specifications. They would explicitly incorporate risk and dynamics into the analysis, while keeping the multi- sectoral approach and market clearing conditions which constitutes the comparative advantage of these tools. Very different results are expected. Volume: 255-256 Number: 354583 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354583 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354583/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5176.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Agriculture, équilibre général et OMC Volume: 257 Number: 354584 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354584 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354584/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5177.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354584 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roudart, Laurence Title: Négociations internationales et politiques agricoles après Seattle Volume: 257 Number: 354585 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354585 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354585/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5178.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, François Author-Name: Hy, Michel Title: Apprentissage technologique et innovation en agro-alimentaire Abstract: Technological learning and innovation sources in food industries -The technological and structural changes in the food industries during the last forty years have been the result of a technological learning, located in enterprises. The accumulation of scientific and technological knowledge is a long term process: three periods may be identified into this long evolution since the second part of the ninetieth century. There is an heterogeneity of learning activities, which make possible the distinction of five different types of firms. In each of them, there are different capacities to use external sources of innovation, due to the organisation of internal learning. Volume: 257 Number: 354586 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354586 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354586/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5179.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354586 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmitt, Bertrand Author-Name: Goffette-Nagot, Florence Title: Définir l'espace rural ? De la difficulté d'une définition conceptuelle à la nécessité d'une délimitation statistique Abstract: Usual definitions of urban areas often oppose this category to urban areas. Rural areas are then defined by low population density, low part of built land areas and presence of agriculture. This paper aims at suggesting a definition based on spatial economics theory. We focus on mechanisms that are able to explain the spatial dispersion of population and activities. Two categories of non urban areas are considered : on one hand, rural surrounding cities, where changes come from population spread mechanisms; on the other hand, rural areas with no urban influence, structured by small employment centres, where centrifugal forces are responsible for the location of activities. This approach is then compared to the zoning in urban and rural areas in order to show how they converge but also what the limits of the two approaches. Volume: 257 Number: 354587 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354587 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354587/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5180.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354587 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roussel, Véronique Author-Name: Mamdy, Jean-François Title: Nouveaux venus et organisation des territoires. L'exemple de l'Auvergne Abstract: After decades of rural drift, rural areas today experience a new demographic dynamism. Yet all the rural areas are not concerned by this trend. The Auvergne and the Limousin keep losing population habitants because of a natural and the young'continuous going away from their region. Here and there, however, the arrival of a new population can be seen. Given the stake they represent for the future of less favoured areas, it seems relevant to survey to population of newcomers and to define the strategies for attracting population. Building on the work done on 5 rural areas in the Auvergne, the article presents these new populations' characteristics and offers an analysis of the newcomers' representations and behaviours and tries to interpret the differences in attractiveness among these areas. Volume: 257 Number: 354588 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354588 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354588/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5181.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elyakime, Bernard Author-Name: Bruno, Jean-François Title: Gestion de la lutte contre une érosion de versant avec dégâts sur site public Abstract: Every year, soil water erosion on cropland in the Southwest of France is the source of numerous damages on public areas such as roads. In this context, we propose technical solutions for preventing water erosion with public damage. Then an economic evaluation using an original model is done to compare costs and monetary gains of the technical practice proposed to the farmer and to public administration that subsidies soil conservation pratice. Volume: 257 Number: 354589 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354589 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354589/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5182.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koffi-Tessio, Egnonto Title: Incitations et offre du coton au Togo. Une estimation économétrique Abstract: The promotion of the cotton sector through incentives policies in Togo focuses mainly on price policies. Based on 1966-1995 time series data, the supply response functions were estimated for two main cotton producing zones in Togo. First the results indicate that price policies have not positively influenced cotton supply before and during Structural Adjustement Programmes (sap). Cotton and maize that are complements before sap become substitutes during sap and in the long run. Conversely cotton and sorghum- millet remain complements before, during sap and in the long run. Second the non price factors such as investment have positively influenced cotton supply before and during sap in both producing zones before and during sap. Policy makers should incorporate both factors with greater emphasis on the non price factors in future cotton policies design in Togo. Volume: 257 Number: 354590 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354590 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354590/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5183.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oliveira Santos, Rui Title: Agriculture et progrès social. Quelle régulation publique pour le xxie siècle ? Volume: 257 Number: 354591 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354591 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354591/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5185.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquet, Florence Title: Gestion des exploitations et des ressources rurales, INRA-Département SAD Volume: 257 Number: 354592 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354592 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354592/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5186_t1_0095_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354592 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daucé, Pierre Title: Agriculture et alimentation en quête de nouvelles légitimités, Gérard Miclet, Lucie Sirieix, Sophie Thoyer Volume: 257 Number: 354593 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354593 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354593/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5186_t1_0097_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: La politique de la montagne Rapport d'évaluation, Gilles Bazin et al Volume: 257 Number: 354594 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354594 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354594/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5186_t1_0099_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 257 Number: 354595 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354595 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354595/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_257_1_5187.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354595 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lagrange, Louis Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Introduction Volume: 258 Number: 354596 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354596 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354596/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5188.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354596 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lagrange, Louis Author-Name: Briand, Hervé Author-Name: Trognon, Laurent Title: Importance économique des filières agro-alimentaires de produits sous signes officiels de qualité Abstract: This article presents an overview of the economical importance of food products with an official quality label in France and in the European Union. French wine products were studied from 1970 to 1997 and other french products from 1991 to 1997. European volumes of produced quality wine and cheese with a PDO label were studied for the year in 1997. This comparative paper shows that different development strategies are applied according to the product or the country. Volume: 258 Number: 354597 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354597 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354597/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5189.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giraud, Georges Author-Name: Lebecque, Annick Title: Comportement d'achat des consommateurs envers le camembert aoc de Normandie Abstract: Consumers'attitude seems positive towards PDO cheeses. The observation of the market's shares however lets appear a less favourable reality. Based on a scanned data consumers'panel, the paper is focusing on purchases of PDO camembert from Normandy in order to study the gap between attitude and behaviour. PDO camemberts are really appreciated or rejected but do not leave consumers indifferent. The number of consumers mainly buying them remains small. Despite its complexity the scanned data panel seems a convenient tool to study consumers'behaviour towards typical foods in mass marketing. Volume: 258 Number: 354598 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354598 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354598/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5190.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Author-Name: Mazé, Armelle Title: La politique de la qualité agro-alimentaire dans le contexte international Abstract: Quality policy becomes a central issue for agro-food sector. Distinctive regulatory strategies have been followed in France, and more recently in the European Union, in order to promote quality differentiation and consumer information about food products. We show that these strategies are all based on the two following rules, i. e the promotion of producer's collective reputation and the certification of «localized production systems». The main innovation introduced by these institutional arrangements is then to define the origin of products as a credible quality signal. The aim of this article is, first to characterize the main institutional factors that may explain the economic success met by this policy. Second, futures opportunities for their extension at the international level are emphasised, focusing more precisely on the possible hurdles they will have to overcome. Volume: 258 Number: 354599 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354599 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354599/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5191.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354599 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peri, Claudio Author-Name: Gaeta, Davide Title: La nécessaire réforme de la réglementation européenne des dénominations de qualité et d'origine Abstract: The purpose of this article is suggest an analysis grid of the agrofood denominationsof origin in order to underline the differences from the industrial brand names. The main results of an exhaustive survey of the situation of the quality collective brands in the 15 countries of the European Union are presented. Finally the main weaknesses of the european regulation of the quality collective marks will be underscored and three major orientations to reform it will be proposed. Volume: 258 Number: 354600 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354600 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354600/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5192.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354600 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scheffer, Sandrine Author-Name: Roncin, François Title: Qualification des produits et des terroirs dans la reconnaissance en aoc Abstract: This contribution aims to present issues from a survey carried on within the French institution 'INAO'(Institute for Denomination of Origin) which is in charge of the implementation of the EC regulation about Protected Denomination of Origin. The main objective is to observe the qualification processes of products and 'terroirs' used by the INAO's agents and to analyse their coherence with regard to the diversity of products, INAO's agents most often agree with each others to common choices of homogeneously defined concepts of Denomination of origin. Netherthe- less, some concepts are quite difficult to define and to use on an homogeneous way, such as 'terroir'. Volume: 258 Number: 354601 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354601 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354601/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5193.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Author-Name: Ossard, Hervé Author-Name: Réquillart, Vincent Title: Effet d'un prix minimum sur le marché d'un bien différencié Le cas de la pomme dans l'Union européenne Abstract: This paper aims to study the short term impact of a change in the level of the intervention price in the fruit market, consecutive to the E.U. reform of 1996. Taking the example of fresh apple, we consider a market for goods differentiated by quality. The equilibrium are determined as a function of an exogenous level of production, with and without government intervention. Contrary to a widespread belief, we show that government intervention affects the prices of the different qualities marketed, even if the intervention is directed only towards the low quality products. Then, the decrease in the intervention price dramatically affects producers sales on the whole. Volume: 258 Number: 354602 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354602 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354602/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5194.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354602 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe Author-Name: Sylvander, Bertil Title: Firmes, coordinations et territorialité Une lecture économique de la diversité des filières d'appellation d'origine Abstract: The 'filières d'appellation d'origine'all have a similar legal foundation and rely on the same notion of products possessing specific qualities that are related to territory. But, they are not a homogeneous group. This paper contributes to the understanding of the economic diversity of these supply chains by analysing three aspects of their organisation - the strategies of the individual firms (where we emphasise the models of enterprises); the different forms of coordination, that are indicative of the different collective strategies of the firms involved; and thirdly the territorial dimension of these localised systems of production where we find a tension between sectoral and territorial forms of governance. Volume: 258 Number: 354603 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354603 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354603/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5195.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354603 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barjolle, Dominique Author-Name: Chappuis, Jean-Marc Title: Coordination des acteurs dans deux filieres aoc Une approche par la theorie des couts de transaction Abstract: Regional supply chains of quality products (PDO for example) build up their strategy on differentiation. The analysis by means of Transaction Cost Theory (Williamson, 1975, 1985) of two supply chains of Protected Designation of Origin allows us to identify the advantages and the disadvantages of organization forms for the transactions from milk producers to retailers. It was not possible to calculate the economies of costs linked to the observed governance mode. This is one of the classical criticisms of this approach. Nevertheless, the analysis remains interesting for us because it highlights the various mechanisms of the transactions at the different levels of the supply chain. We stress that the microeconomic character of the approach is a limit to the analysis. Mesoeconomic elements such as cultural bonds between the actors or macroecomomic elements such as market power of large retailers must be considered if we want to explain the encountered governance structures. Volume: 258 Number: 354604 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354604 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354604/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5196.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354604 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raynaud, Emmanuel Author-Name: Sauvee, Loac Title: Signes collectifs de qualite et structures de gouvernance Abstract: Common Labelling! Mechanisms of Governance! Hybrid Forms! Contractual Hazards! Produces organization! Volume: 258 Number: 354605 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354605 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354605/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5197.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giacomini, Corrado Title: L'Appellation d'origine protegee ajoute-t-elle de la valeur a un produit typique comme le Parmigiano Reggiano? Volume: 258 Number: 354606 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354606 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354606/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5199.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Birlouez, Eric Title: L'accompagnement regional, par le developpement agricole, des demarches qualite des produits Volume: 258 Number: 354607 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354607 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354607/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5200.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pivot, Catherine Title: Analyse structurale d'une convention de qualite Volume: 258 Number: 354608 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354608 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354608/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5201.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354608 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maze, Armelle Author-Name: Aubry, Christine Author-Name: Papy, Francois Title: La certification des exploitations agricoles Volume: 258 Number: 354609 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354609 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354609/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5516.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 258 Number: 354610 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354610 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354610/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5202.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Knoeber, Charles Title: Les contrats de production dans l'agriculture americaine. Une caracterisation de la recherche empirique actuelle Abstract: While the production under contract used to hold a significant place in the American agriculture during many years, economists have recently shown a renewal of relevance of the study and the understanding of this phenomenon. The purpose of this essay is to define the existing empirical research concerning the production under contract in the American agriculture and to introduce some research issues for forthcoming studies. Volume: 259 Number: 354611 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354611 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354611/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5203.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Epagneul, Marie-France Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: Explorer le rale des associations dans l'insertion et la creation d'emplois en milieu rural Abstract: In order to evaluate rural associations' influence on problems of unemployment and test their reputation in creating employment and social insertion, several approaches have been experimented. Numerous and diverse are the associations acting in rural areas under the banner of " local development ". Based on different criteria (origin, purposes, function....), a typology has been first established. It shows that the old and " cultural " associations have introduced, in their targets, the fight against unemployment and exclusion, though the more recent ones born out of French decentralization and EU rural development programs, are less preoccupied by those problems. Then, through the analysis of an inquiry giving some quantitative information (number of employees, status of workers in a federation of 6 network associations) we have appreciated the direct role on rural employment. Volume: 259 Number: 354612 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354612 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354612/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5204.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354612 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rio, Patrick Author-Name: Causeret, Francois Author-Name: Andrieux, Patrick Author-Name: Dejean, Cyril Author-Name: Frot, Elisabeth Author-Name: Louchart, Xavier Title: Gerer la pollution par les herbicides: une simulation en milieu viticole mediterraneen. L'emission de polluants vue comme probleme de decision Abstract: We investigate in a hydrologic-economic integrated model framework, how different incentive instruments aiming at regulating the emission of no-point source pollutants (herbicides) do heva an impact on cultural practices. Based on multiparametric programming techniques, two combined tools are considered by the decision model: (i) positive and negative quality-based differentiation of the price of the products and (ii) positive differentiation and tax on the polluting inputs. Non-linear responses are observed, with a favorable environmental effect at the farm level when positive differentiation of the price is noticeable. However, this favorable response at the farm level results into poor performances at the watershed level, because the described incentive design does not include location-based devices. Volume: 259 Number: 354613 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354613 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354613/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5205.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354613 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piketty, Marie-Gabrielle Title: Espace et deforestation: Quelles consequences pour le developpement regional en Indonesie? Abstract: Will forests conversion and exploitation lead to Outer Islands economic development in Indonesia ? Core-periphery models allow to better understand why these regions development may remain limited. Moreover, a recursive general equilibrium model with transport costs is applied to an Indonesian province, which lead to discuss the compatibility of forest ecosystems sustainable management and regional development. Volume: 259 Number: 354614 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354614 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354614/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5206.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alary, Veronique Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Actualisation, risque et cacao. Les insuffisances de la theorie Abstract: Given observed prices, current rates of discount seldom produce positive present values for forest investments. Especially in LDC's, where rates of interest are high, a rational investor should remove trees, and plant annual crops. Yet, it is not unusual to find tree planting farmers. In order to explain such behavior, one is forced to admit that the preference to present against futures consumption is less important than assumed by current theory, and should perhaps be replaced by dynamic risk aversion. These remarks are illustrated by a survey and a multi-period model of Cameroon cocoa planters. It is shown that the predictions of current theory are not conformable with observed facts. On the other hand, by endogenously defining the rate of discount from risk consideration, a better fit to reality is obtained. Volume: 259 Number: 354615 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354615 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354615/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5207.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354615 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nkamleu, Guy-Blaise Author-Name: Coulibaly, Ousmane Title: Le choix des methodes de lutte contre les pestes dans les plantations de cacao et de cafe au Cameroun Abstract: Pests! Pesticides! Plant Protection! Cocoa! Coffee! Multinomial Logit! Socioeconomic Factors! Cameroon! Volume: 259 Number: 354616 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354616 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354616/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5208.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chominot, Albert Title: Instruments de marches anti-risque et garantie des prix agricoles Volume: 259 Number: 354617 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354617 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354617/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5517.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger, Claude Title: L'agriculture europeenne face aux enjeux internationaux, Jacques Blanchet, Alain Revel Volume: 259 Number: 354618 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354618 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354618/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5210_t1_0088_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354618 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Les interventions decentralisees en agriculture, Marielle Berriet-Solliec Volume: 259 Number: 354619 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354619 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354619/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5210_t1_0089_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354619 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 259 Number: 354620 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354620 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354620/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5211.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354620 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 260 Number: 354621 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354621 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354621/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1104.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthelemy, Denis Author-Name: Facchini, Francois Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Author-Name: Pivot, Catherine Title: Introduction Volume: 260 Number: 354622 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354622 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354622/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1105.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354622 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lorvellec, Louis Title: Droit rural et fait Abstract: This article focuses on the relations between Law and Facts. Instead of bringing a new theory of law or a new method to discover how to improve the efficiency of a particular statute or regulation from a social or an economical analysis, this article tries to explain the French legal system for agriculture as the most formal form of a political speech aimed at reflecting a honorable image of the French rural society. The real purpose is not to shape and frame agriculture but both to express with taboos and myths the traditional urban perceptions of this society and to transform the scientific standards into social schemes of behavior. Volume: 260 Number: 354623 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354623 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354623/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1106.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Commaille, Jacques Title: Transformations du droit et de l'action publique Abstract: Putting together changes, respectively in the field of law and public policy, in relation with the transformation of the statute of State and of the mode of government, gives the opportunity of a new approach of the juridical and political regulation, specially in the field of agriculture, and suggests new perspectives of theorization. Volume: 260 Number: 354624 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354624 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354624/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1107.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthelemy, Denis Title: Etre et avoir. Patrimoine versus capital : le cas de l'agriculture Abstract: The legal organization of the farm may be viewed as the relative movement of two institutions: the firm (ensuring the growth of a capital) and the family (presiding over a patrimony designed to secure its long-term survival). An analysis of the farm lease legal regulations, of the policy with regard to farm structure and farm entry, and of the operating principles of the CAP, reveals the emergence of a capital rationality in contrast to the pre-existing patrimonial logic, accompanied by the submission of the firm to a patrimonial finality. This research brings out the lack of consistency characterizing the concept of patrimony in economic analysis, echoing its individualizing reduction at the level of legal concept. Volume: 260 Number: 354625 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354625 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354625/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1108.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354625 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchemanche, Sandrine Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Author-Name: Mouriaux, Marie-Francoise Author-Name: Peskine, Elsa Title: Multifonctionnalite de l'agriculture et statuts d'activite Abstract: The new French Agricultural Law passed in 1999 confirms the government's determination to acknowledge the multifunctional role of agriculture and to subject the granting of an increasing proportion of public financial transfers to respect of environmental and employment objectives. These new orientations pose questions regarding the growing mismatch between the changing activity situations of individuals and the reference model that still grounds the different legal frameworks (civil, social, fiscal...) which serve to define the status of people exercising an agricultural activity. Volume: 260 Number: 354626 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354626 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354626/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1109.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354626 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boy, Laurence Title: Contrat agri-environnemental: aide ou remuneration? Abstract: Agri-environmental measures, specially agri-environmental contracts, have been analyzed as an alibi, concealing in fact an act of benevolence issue from the Administration and therefore as subsidies without any counterpart. This survey tries hard to refute such an analysis from the legal notion of the sufficient and valuable consideration ant to demonstrate that agrienvironmental subsidies constitute the price for services promised by the farmers. So they cannot be considered as technical trade barriers condemned by the wro rules. Volume: 260 Number: 354627 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354627 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354627/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1110.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354627 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bascourret, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Delaplace, Marie Author-Name: Gaignette, Antonin Title: Elements de reflexion relatifs a l'interaction entre reglementation et structures industrielles Abstract: This paper is part of a research program. The aim of this program is to identify the structural and strategic determinants which are likely to influence the industrialization of an innovation (starch based bio-polymers used in packaging) in two countries, France and Germany. In this paper, we focus on one determinant, the regulation. More precisely, the aim of this paper is to present some theoretical considerations about the link between regulation and industrial structure. We intend to put forward that it is very difficult to analyze the impact of regulation on industrial structures because regulation is building by strategies of actors in the same time than industrial structures. Volume: 260 Number: 354628 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354628 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354628/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1111.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicourt, Christian Author-Name: Girault, Jacques Author-Name: Bourliaud, Jean Title: Les odeurs d'elevages: textes, conflits et negociations locales Abstract: From now, the space within agriculture is producing, is considered as ambivalent, between private and public. Thus, bad smells are unacceptable. This reject is so hard as near as populations seem to discover industrial agriculture and its effects. Then, the lack of texts, as regulation means, increase resentments and conflicts. With an approach limited to husbandry waste smells and referins to fieldwork located in Dordogne, we developed the hypothesis that legal inefficiency taking care of smell problem lead to a non formal management, with find today its limits in a recombined rural space. Volume: 260 Number: 354629 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354629 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354629/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1112.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hudault, Joseph Title: L'exploitation agricole individuelle en droit francais et communautaire Abstract: Despite an increasing shift towards different types of company holding over the past few years, in particular in the form of Gaecs (Groupement agricole d'exploitation commune), Earls (Exploitation agricole a responsabilite limitee) and Sceas (Societe civile d'exploitation agricole), individual family type agricultural holdings (considered by some as undertakings) still make up 85 % of the total number of farms. This phenomenon needs to be analyzed. Given the fact that farming mentalities remain attached to the farming model as laid down in the 1960 framework Agriculture Act (article 2, family type holding structure, 2 person-work units), which the most recent framework Agriculture Act (1999) has not modified, it would be appropriate to think again about the necessity of the recognition of a status with legal universality (universum jus) for this majority type of holding. Decisions handed down by the Highest French Court show small signs of change in several rulings of the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. A fiscal approach, as recommended by the European Committee of Agricultural Law, appears to be best way of addressing this difficult problem, by discreetly enabling the law to serve as a framework for agricultural policy and economics. Volume: 260 Number: 354630 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354630 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354630/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1113.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354630 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boinon, Jean-Pierre Title: La propriete des droits a produire : une comparaison France - Royaume Uni Abstract: The different links which exist, in France and in the United Kingdom, between the landed property and the farm, influence the management of the dairy quotas and the rights to premium. The French landowners have a logic of conservation and transmission per heritage of their real estate which is opposed to the logic of their British counterparts which manage their inheritance according to a model of firm. Dairy quotas and the rights to premium are regarded to the United Kingdom as attributes of the firm and their marketing is possible. In France, the position of the landowner is weakened by the regulation of the tenant farming and the strongest autonomy of the farm towards the landed property. Volume: 260 Number: 354631 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354631 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354631/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1114.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354631 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gaignette, Antonin Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Title: Cooperatives: la fin d'une forme institutionnelle? Abstract: During the post-war boom years, the agricultural co-operation distinguished itself from the cooperatives of other sectors by developing into an institutional form of monopolistic competition serving small agricultural businesses. Indeed, the agricultural co-operation has all the characteristics of an institution (a social legitimacy defined by its mission to modernize and its capacity to direct its agents behavior). This article provide an historical context for this institutional structure. In the economic arena following the three decades of post-war boom, the political strategies designed to shape economic operations became less central. Consequently, the co-operation would be called upon to continue as a legal organization, but at the cost of losing its foothold as a sectorial institutional structure. Volume: 260 Number: 354632 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354632 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354632/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1115.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354632 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larrere, Raphaal Title: La loi sur la protection des especes sauvages : des mesures inefficaces, inadequates... et pourtant bien utiles Abstract: A nature protection act has been enacted in France on July 10, 1976. The rationals behind protecting endangered species (based on anthropology, biocentric, or ecocentric considerations) are first discussed. Then, one indicates the reasons for why the enforcement of this law is both sociologically infeasible, and ecologically inefficient. Ironically, if it had any positive effects on nature protection, the reasons lie mostly in unintentional consequences of the regulations it imposes. First, naturalists, whose former interest in their personal collections led to a predatory behavior, were induced to self restraint. Then, beyond the protection of endangered species, it was mainly used to protect the corresponding ecological niches, which is its main benefit. Volume: 260 Number: 354633 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354633 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354633/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1116.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pivot, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Aznar, Olivier Title: Acquisition fonciere et environnement: le cas de la protection d'un captage d'eau potable Volume: 260 Number: 354634 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354634 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354634/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1118.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354634 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delahaye, Olivier Title: Le foncier agricole et le droit aux etats-Unis: des origines de l'economie institutionnelle au Post Consensus de Washington Volume: 260 Number: 354635 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354635 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354635/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1119.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354635 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Author-Name: Boinon, Jean-Pierre Title: Analyse des instruments d'orientation de l'agriculture departementale Volume: 260 Number: 354636 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354636 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354636/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1120.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354636 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: eric Brousseau, Jean-Michel Glachant (sous la direction de) : Economie des contrats: bilan et perspectives Volume: 260 Number: 354637 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354637 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354637/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1121_t1_0155_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354637 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 260 Number: 354638 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354638 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354638/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1122.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354638 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Title: Editorial Volume: 261 Number: 354639 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354639 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354639/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5212.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354639 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Introduction au dossier Volume: 261 Number: 354640 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354640 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354640/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5214.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Les politiques agricoles et rurales dans les regions: une nouvelle organisation des pouvoirs publics en Europe? Abstract: A growing regionalisation of the EU member states combines with the European integration process to develop new forms of "multi-level governance ". In the field of agricultural and rural policies, the article analyses the new patterns of the relation between EU and regions policies, and consequently the possible prospects of Europe-regions driven agricultural and rural policies. EU integration and regions autonomous policies have been closely related through changes in the CAP and rural development programs (structural funds) based on European norms and subsidies, which results in both policy levels supporting each other with a decrease in the traditional role of central state. But this process cannot be simply analyzed as a continuous move of institutions towards a functional and necessary "modernization ", for several reasons: risks of cohesion problems; a lack of correlation between regional policy creativity and political autonomy; growing difficulties in defining and defending national policies in the most decentralized member states. Volume: 261 Number: 354641 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354641 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354641/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5215.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel, Karine Author-Name: Maillard, Laurent Title: Politiques agricoles et localisation des productions dans l'Union europeenne La deconnexion des marches Abstract: We analyze the impact of the evolution of the demand location on the location of agricultural productions within the European Union. The developed empirical analysis is based on theoretical works led in geographic economy field. The agricultural productions tend to concentrate near the demand to minimize the access costs to the market. The location of productions strongly supported by the Common Agricultural Policy program is less dependent on transport costs. These productions (milk - bovine meat and cereals) are less concentrated geographically than the others products. Volume: 261 Number: 354642 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354642 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354642/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5216.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pecqueur, Bernard Title: Qualite et developpement territorial: l'hypothese du panier de biens et de services territorialises Abstract: This paper seeks to define a model of supply of goods and services anchored in a territory in a composite and specific form. This model combines the characteristics of the supply of goods per batch or set (bundling) and those of an offer of products of quality anchored in a soil of the type of the products labellized by a Controlled Label of origin. The type of offer which appears is called "basket of goods and services territorialized". Such a model results from an institutional construction which brings together on the scale of a territory various producers of goods or private services and the producers of local public goods. The supply of goods of basket can constitute a strategic objective for public policies of local development. Volume: 261 Number: 354643 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354643 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354643/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5217.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354643 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebillotte, Michel Title: Des recherches en partenariat pour et a sur le developpement regional a I'INRA Volume: 261 Number: 354644 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354644 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354644/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5219.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354644 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guigou, Jean-Louis Title: Une nouvelle pensee territoriale Volume: 261 Number: 354645 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354645 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354645/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5220.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Quelques articles deja parus sur les problemes agricoles a l'etranger Abstract: The European import banana market has been regulated through a Common Market Organization (ocmb) since 1993. Condemned by the World Trade Organization (mo) in 1997 after four Latin American countries and the United States complained, the European Union had to modify the ocmb for January 1999. But the new regime made immediately the object of a new complaint by the United States and Equator, and was condemned in April 1999 by the WTO, because some points of the new regulation did not conform with WTO conclusions in 1997. The article aims to precise the positions of the different actors during this last debate. Conclusions of the panel in 1999 and the last proposition of the ue are analyzed as well. Volume: 261 Number: 354646 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354646 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354646/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5525.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354646 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laroche-Dupraz, Catherine Title: Vers une nouvelle reforme de l'organisation commune de marche de la banane Abstract: Sharecropping is usually explained by a trade-off between tenant's risk aversion and incentives (standard Principal-Agent approach) or between agency costs under various market imperfections, and with risk-neutral agents (transaction costs approach). This Mexican case-study illustrates a situation where contractual rationales refute the standard Principal-Agent model and where share- cropping can be analyzed as a resource pooling device, but without any major role given to moral hazard in contractual choice. In this situation, sharecropping features a partnership rather than agency relationships. Volume: 261 Number: 354647 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354647 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354647/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5222.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354647 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin, Jean-Philippe Author-Name: Bouquet, Emmanuelle Title: Le metayage comme partenariat. L'arrangement a medias dans la Sierra Madre orientale Abstract: In this study we use a multimarket model to evaluate the effects of free trade according to the agreements made at the Uruguay Round regarding free trade of agricultural products between Tunisia and the European Union. We present different trade policy experiments and we show the resulting changes in the goods prices and their supply and demand in Tunisia. Our results indicate that free trade policies reduce subsidies and thus create more efficiency in production. However it is shown that wheat production and consumption go down considerably if we totally suppress consumer subsidies. Intermediate steps are therefore recommended. Volume: 261 Number: 354648 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354648 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354648/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5223.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354648 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghazi, Boulila Author-Name: Khedhiri, Sami Title: L'impact agricole de la liberalisation des echanges entre la Tunisie, l'UE et le monde Volume: 261 Number: 354649 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354649 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354649/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5224.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berthelot, Jacques Title: Debat: La mystification du decouplage des aides agricoles Volume: 261 Number: 354650 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354650 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354650/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5225.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354650 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquet, Florence Title: Les cacaoculteurs camerounais face aux risques. Essai de modelisation, Veronique Alary Volume: 261 Number: 354651 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354651 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354651/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5226_t1_0113_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertrand, Nathalie Title: Activites agricoles et agro-alimentaires et developpement local Volume: 261 Number: 354652 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354652 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354652/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5226_t1_0114_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 261 Number: 354653 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354653 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354653/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5227.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lupton, Sylvie Title: Securite environnementale et sanitaire : les biens controverses Abstract: Scientific controversies concerning environmental and health impacts of a good leads us to revisit the nature and status of quality uncertainty on goods' characteristics in economics. Up to now, three types of goods have been established : experience goods, search goods, and credence goods. Quality uncertainty shared by all agents in a market allows us to propose a new class of goods : controversial goods. Volume: 262 Number: 354654 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354654 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354654/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5228.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Remy, Elisabeth Title: Natura 2000 : une expertise partagee Abstract: The effect of the directive is to make the decision from a scientific point of view reversible because it is always possible to turn back, and, also, to give a frame to certain decisions and to stop the proliferation of debates because it deals with the very elements of nature consolidated by various normative processes. Instead of the fragile balance of any social negotiation, the process of identification of sites prescribes a "cognitive frame ".. Volume: 262 Number: 354655 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354655 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354655/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5229.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354655 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grolleau, Gilles Title: Management environnemental et exploitation agricole Abstract: We describe and analyze the IS0 14001 standard by considering its implementation in farms. We identify some opportunities and barriers for developing environmental management systems on French farms. Lastly, we propose some strategies to overcome the barriers and to encourage the adoption of environmental management systems on farms. Volume: 262 Number: 354656 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354656 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354656/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5230.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354656 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guerin, Marc Author-Name: Vollet, Dominique Title: Évaluation des politiques regionales: l'elevage dans un contrat de plan Etat-Region Abstract: The use of a partly novel approach emphasizes the sharp contrast in policy efficacy according to the type of objective targeted. Policy is relatively efficacious in economic terms but is much less so for the environment and for rural and regional planning. Lastly, by improving a markedly one-sided information flow, the assessment played a non-negligible part in repositioning certain agencies. Volume: 262 Number: 354657 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354657 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354657/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5231.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanselme, Franck Title: Entre sciences sociales et sens commun: La ruralite dans les Maisons familiales rurales Abstract: The concept of "rurality" is divided between common sense ans social science. It is the expression of the existence of a true intellectual coproduction between the two forms of knowledge. The first one, that is to be linked with the "Maisons familiales rurales", is to take on its relation to the (changing rural) world and to itself; a bric-a-brac made up of, among other things, the discourse of social science, is then used. The second one objectivizes a knowledge in which its own analyses are constantly taken over again and become full part of ways of understanding that members of that institution use: therefore it contributes to partly produce the object it analyses. Volume: 262 Number: 354658 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354658 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354658/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5232.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354658 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Compagnone, Claude Title: Pratiques d'ingenieurs et identite de l'Institut de l'Elevage Abstract: This article studies the conceptions and constructs of technicians in the husbandry institute. From the emergence of needs among breeders to the formulation of responses, social interactions among executive staff and technicians are shown to play a role in choosing the jobs undertaken by the institute. These interactions are accounted for in light of the organizational characteristics of the institution, and the social characteristics of the agents involved. Volume: 262 Number: 354659 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354659 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354659/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5233.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354659 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupressoir, Sophie Title: Changements organisationnels et liberalisation La commercialisation du riz au Mali Abstract: The aim is to understand the organizational mechanisms underlying the liberalization of rice trade in Mali. The theoretical frameworks of complex systems. Economics of conventions and "Economies de la grandeur" are used to develop a model of trade systems. Using a set of date collected from firms we identify different arborescent trade systems which differ from their temporal horizons and their goals. Volume: 262 Number: 354660 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354660 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354660/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5234.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354660 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupraz, Pierre Author-Name: Leon, Yves Author-Name: Pech, Michel Title: Soutien public a l'agriculture et au developpement rural: l'equite introuvable? Volume: 262 Number: 354661 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354661 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354661/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5236.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 262 Number: 354662 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354662 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354662/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5237.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354662 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Classification JEL Volume: 262 Number: 354663 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354663 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354663/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5238.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354663 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mangematin, Vincent Author-Name: Torre, Andre Title: Creation et developpement de pme dans le secteur des biotechnologies: le cas francais Abstract: Based on a survey on French biotech SMEs in France, this article analyses the different development trajectories of biotech SMEs. The typology is based on the main internal characteristics of firms and on the way in which they manage their environment Four trajectories are described: success stories represent only a minority of firms. A large majority of small independent SMEs are growing but not sky rocketing. Firms are mostly subsidiary companies to large groups involved in agri and agrobusiness. The last group is composed by firms which have bee bought out after an independent start up. Volume: 263 Number: 354664 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354664 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354664/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5239.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mollard, Amedee Title: Qualite et developpement territorial: une grille d'analyse theorique a partir de la rente Abstract: In this paper, we try to build a grid of analysis of the territorial development starting from the theory of rent. A series of criteria must be observed in reality and collected together in a synthetic matrix so that are generated various forms of rents: territorial rent due to the valorization of specific resources on certain spaces ; quality rent related to the emergence of quality products or services; rent of territorial quality, when all these elements interact. After a clarification of the contextual reasons for returning to the concept of rent and a justica- tion of its relevance when it is applied to quality and territory, two theoretical filiations of the rent theory - the ricardian one, then the marshallian - are approached in order to show that they are complementary from the point of view of relationship between quality and territorial development and can be combined as a grid of theoretical analysis of territorial development Volume: 263 Number: 354665 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354665 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354665/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5240.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354665 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paoli, Jean-Christophe Title: Politique globale et developpement local: une lecture institutionnaliste du developpement rural sarde Abstract: An Italian national act on the settlement of rural tenancy in whole Italy, dating from 1971, led to a spectacular and unexpected development of dairy ewe activity in Sardinia. Institutionalism allows to interpret this case as a rule selection, made operational by local social groups, in order to solve a conflict between shepherds and landlords, that was limiting regional development. Volume: 263 Number: 354666 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354666 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354666/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5241.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354666 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aviles Benitez, Anastasia Title: Gestion des ressources naturelles et viabilite des exploitations agricoles. Le cas de l'agriculture de dehesa en Andalousie Volume: 263 Number: 354667 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354667 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354667/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5242.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354667 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Title: Russie: la nouvelle question agraire Volume: 263 Number: 354668 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354668 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354668/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5243.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354668 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorin, Bruno Author-Name: Pingault, Nathanaal Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Formation et repartition des gains de productivite dans l'agriculture indienne. 1980-1996 Abstract: 1980-1996 Since the early 1980s, India has been self sufficient in cereals thanks to the Green Revolution initiated fifteen years earlier and to the public support it received. This paper characterizes the established situation and examines how it has evolved by using the Surplus Accounting Method which measures the formation and the distribution of productivity gains in the agricultural sector. Volume: 263 Number: 354669 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354669 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354669/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5244.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354669 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Djato, Kouakou Kra Title: Credit agricole et efficacite de la production agricole en Cote d'Ivoire Abstract: Although there is an intense debate in Cate d'Ivoire about the opportunity of creating a bank to finance the agricultural sector, no scientific research has tackled the issue thoroughly to serve as a basis of policy choice. This paper attempts, to some extent, to circumvent this insufficiency. It shows that access to credit can increase peasants economic efficiency in rice production. Since peasants all have the same allocative efficiency the difference in economic efficiency is attributable to the credit-induced difference in technical efficiency. Thus, access to credit is an important stimulus to agricultural growth. After an historical review of financial institutions and their relation to agriculture in Cate d'Ivoire we recommend a change in the management of these institutions and the creation of a new agricultural bank. Volume: 263 Number: 354670 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354670 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354670/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5245.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354670 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Le Pensec, Louis Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Author-Name: Mehaignerie, Pierre Title: Autour d'un ouvrage: Politique agricole: un modele europeen de Louis-Pascal Mahe et Francois Ortalo-Magne Volume: 263 Number: 354671 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354671 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354671/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5246.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354671 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Unknown Title: Denis Barthelemy, Jacques David, L'agriculture europeenne et les droits a produire Volume: 263 Number: 354672 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354672 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354672/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5247_t1_0118_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354672 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salancon, A. Title: Remi Mer, Le paradoxe paysan. Essai sur la communication entre l'agriculture et la societe Volume: 263 Number: 354673 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354673 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354673/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5247_t1_0122_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354673 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Unknown Title: Franck Sanselme, Les Maisons familiales rurales. L'ordre symbolique d'une institution scolaire Volume: 263 Number: 354674 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354674 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354674/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5247_t1_0124_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354674 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Title: Martin Angel, La nature a-t-elle un prix? Critique de l'evaluation monetaire des biens environnementaux Volume: 263 Number: 354675 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354675 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354675/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5247_t1_0126_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354675 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 263 Number: 354676 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354676 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354676/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5248.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354676 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 264-265 Number: 354677 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354677 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354677/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5249.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: Introduction Volume: 264-265 Number: 354678 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354678 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354678/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5250.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354678 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guilhon, Bernard Title: Vers de nouvelles configurations productives: les entreprises globales Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the firms' globalization process from the point of view of organization. In this line, the notion of global commodity chains points out the organizational transformations seen in practices in which outsourcing is pro-eminent. The cross-border-production-networks are the organizational design convenient to divided value chains. These latter are subject to a shifting process of the added value to the intermediary products. Volume: 264-265 Number: 354679 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354679 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354679/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5252.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354679 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coelho, Alfredo Manuel Jesus Oliveira Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: Globalisation du marche du vin et strategies d'entreprise Abstract: The purpose of this research is to describe and explain the wine market globalization phenomena. By analyzing the structural trends of market behavior - production, consumption and exchanges - and the main characteristics represented by the emergence of new producing countries, the authors point out the levels of concentration of the industry in some countries and the impact on the strategic orientation of the enterprises. Based on the concept of asset specificity, several strategic groups and the strategic map of the industry are proposed. The need to proceed to a hierarchy of supply side assets led to identify the main expected scenarios Volume: 264-265 Number: 354680 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354680 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354680/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5254.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354680 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D'Hauteville, Francois Author-Name: Perrouty, Jean-Philippe Author-Name: Schaer, Burkhard Title: Nationalite et preference gustative du lait. Une experience aupres de consommateurs allemands et francais Abstract: The authors question the links between culture and preferences for food. Through an experimental blind test on milk with German and french consumers, they show that respondents show significantly a preference for local milks. The authors conclude that practitioners should pay attention to local taste variations in their international product policies. The research suggests a validation of nationality as a variable which may enter as a synthetic and explicative factor of sensory preference for food. Volume: 264-265 Number: 354681 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354681 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354681/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5255.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354681 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fort, Fatiha Author-Name: Couderc, Jean-Pierre Title: Le terroir: un avantage concurrentiel a l'exportation? Le cas des entreprises agro-alimentaires du Languedoc-Roussillon Abstract: In the new forms of competition which characterize the "agro-food" sphere today, the strategic axis of differentiation by the way of the "soil" reference in SMEs (Small and Medium-sized firms) seems to offer new opportunities worth to investigate. We shall show in this article that the territorial anchoring of the food-produce companies of Languedoc Roussillon constitutes a key factor of success for their national and international markets development. The results obtained from a research conducted in the field of agro-food enterprises in Languedoc Roussillon show some evidence of a better performance of exports for products with a 'soil reference'. These findings show the relevance of a strategic coordination between a localization of production and a global market approach developed by agro-food SMEs. Volume: 264-265 Number: 354682 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354682 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354682/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5256.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354682 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albert, Pierre Author-Name: Martin, Michel Title: Transformation des formes organisationnelles des firmes. Une application a l'industrie des vins et spiritueux Abstract: This paper rely on previous research issues in which the organization form notion was used to bring out firm varieties in wine and alcoholic beverage industry. The object of this paper is to show that a global measure of firms specificity can be achieve from the organizational form stability criterion and to test the relationship specificity-integration. Volume: 264-265 Number: 354683 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354683 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354683/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5257.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354683 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruffio, Philippe Author-Name: Guillouzo, Raymond Author-Name: Perrot, Pascal Title: Strategies d'alliances et nouvelles frontieres de la cooperative agro-alimentaire Abstract: This document is based on the analysis of 70 alliances established between 1987 and 1999 by the cooperatives of the Brittany region. It analyses the consequences of this strategy on the agro-food cooperative boundaries. It shows the emergence of new cohesion forms regarding the business, geographical, strategical and governing dimensions. Their control represents a key challenge for the future of the co-operative system. Volume: 264-265 Number: 354684 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354684 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354684/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5258.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frayssignes, Julien Title: L'ancrage territorial d'une filiere fromagere d'AOC. L'exemple du systeme Roquefort Abstract: This article intends to study the evolution of the relationships between an old cheese industry - Roquefort - and its territory. In spite of deeply divergent logics and recurrent crisis, the economic and institutional pereniality of this system is a reality. In accordance with us, the territorial footing of the industry is a foundation of its pereniality, so, this complex notion must be clarified, notably in order to highlight its numerous dimensions. Volume: 264-265 Number: 354685 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354685 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354685/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5259.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354685 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saives, Anne-Laure Author-Name: Lambert, Annie Title: Territorialisation et organisation des IAA: l'exemple du processus d'approvisionnement Volume: 264-265 Number: 354686 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354686 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354686/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5261.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354686 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Macias, Adolfo Alvarez Title: Dynamiques organisationnelles de la filiere laitiere d'Aguascalientes, Mexique Volume: 264-265 Number: 354687 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354687 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354687/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5262.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354687 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marchesnay, Michel Title: Le paradoxe global/local au gre des capitalismes Volume: 264-265 Number: 354688 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354688 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354688/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5264.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354688 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rio, Yves Title: Vers une globalisation limitee des filieres? Volume: 264-265 Number: 354689 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354689 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354689/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5265.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354689 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: Anne-Lucie Raoult-Wack, en collaboration avec Guy Paillotin, Dis-moi ce que tu manges Volume: 264-265 Number: 354690 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354690 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354690/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5266_t1_0137_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354690 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fourcade, Colette Title: Pierre Veltz, Le nouveau monde industriel Volume: 264-265 Number: 354691 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354691 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354691/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5266_t1_0139_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354691 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 264-265 Number: 354692 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354692 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354692/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5267.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354692 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Hommage a Jean Chombart de Lauwe Volume: 264-265 Number: 354693 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354693 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354693/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5268.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354693 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthelemy, Denis Title: Hommage a Louis Lorvellec Volume: 264-265 Number: 354694 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354694 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354694/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5269.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354694 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 266 Number: 354695 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354695 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354695/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5270.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354695 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larrere, Raphaal Title: Introduction. Les citoyens et les OGM ou les OGM et la democratie Volume: 266 Number: 354696 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354696 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354696/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5272.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354696 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joly, Pierre-Benoit Title: Les OGM entre la science et le public? Quatre modeles pour la gouvernance de l'innovation et des risques Abstract: This paper presents four models for the governance of innovation and risks, based on different views of the public and of science. These models address two key issues in current policy debates: the question of public participation and of the management of uncertainty. These models are used to highlight the difference between the transformation of the use of scientific expertise for public decision-making which occurred in the US in the 70's and ongoing developments in the European Union. Volume: 266 Number: 354697 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354697 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354697/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5273.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354697 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Noussair, Charles Author-Name: Robin, Stephane Author-Name: Ruffieux, Bernard Title: Comportement des consommateurs face aux aliments avec OGM et sans OGM: une etude experimentale Abstract: In this paper we study the French consumer behaviors with regard to the use of genetically modified organisms in the food supply. We report the results of an economic experiment in which we elicited willingness-to-pay information for products that contained gmo's and others that were GMO-free at various thresholds. A well established European survey reveals public opinion on the same subject. Participants in both the experiment and the survey were a demographically representative sample of French urban households. We find that actual consumer behavior exhibits a lower level of hostility toward GMO's than that suggested by the survey. Volume: 266 Number: 354698 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354698 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354698/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5274.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354698 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvander, Bertil Author-Name: Leusie, Marc Title: La dequalification des OGM aux yeux des consommateurs: des attitudes aux conceptions Abstract: In the current framework of food industry, recent crisis show that agriculture is less and less qualified in the eyes of consumers. In the meanwhile, high quality supply chains (as red label, organic farming or designations of origin) resist quite well. An hypothetic ogm less supply chain seems not to be feasible, as it has to face a deep crisis of consumer's opinions towards agriculture and technology. Thus, what needs to be better analyzed is less consumer's attitudes or representations than their basic conceptions. This approach taken from the theory of pedagogy states that consumers shape real theory about the world. Those conceptions have to be transformed by learning in order to contribute to a basic solving of the problems. They are here analyzed out from the results of a consumer survey carried out in June 1999 in the framework of a aqs project (French government's Food, Quality and Safety Program). Volume: 266 Number: 354699 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354699 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354699/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5275.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354699 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marris, Claire Title: La perception des OGM par le public: remise en cause de quelques idees recues Abstract: Two types of results about public perceptions of GMOs are presented. On the one hand, focus groups were used to study perceptions of GMOs among ordinary citizens. In parallel, visions about the public held by actors engaged in the GMO controversy were also studied through interviews, participant observation and document analysis. In addition to the value of the results obtained separately from members of the public and from the actors, the comparison of these two components sheds new light on the subject of public perceptions of risk. The results suggest the persistence of a certain number of myths about the public which are shared among numerous actors but which are not supported by our analysis of the expression of citizens in the focus groups. Volume: 266 Number: 354700 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354700 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354700/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5276.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354700 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Araujo Bonjean, Catherine Author-Name: Brun, Jean-Francois Title: Les politiques de stabilisation des prix du coton en Afrique de la zone franc sont-elles condamnees? Volume: 266 Number: 354701 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354701 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354701/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5278.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354701 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Belhaj Hassine, Nadia Author-Name: Thomas, Alban Title: Aversion au risque et decisions de production: l'agriculture irriguee en Tunisie Abstract: This paper presents a multi-output production model that explicitly incorporates farmer risk aversion and its influence on agricultural production and land allocation decisions. The model is used to evaluate the role of irrigation water price on agricultural land allocation, output supply, and irrigation water demand in the area of Nabeul, Tunisia. Estimation results highlight the role of irrigation water policy on cropland allocation decisions, and the importance of farmer risk aversion in production decisions. Volume: 266 Number: 354702 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354702 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354702/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5279.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354702 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cordier, Jean Title: Assurance, marches financiers et politique publique Volume: 266 Number: 354703 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354703 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354703/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5281.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354703 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Assurances et marches a terme: similitudes et differences Volume: 266 Number: 354704 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354704 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354704/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5282.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354704 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albouy, Isabelle Author-Name: Debar, Jean-Christophe Title: OMC: le diable est dans la boite orange Volume: 266 Number: 354705 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354705 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354705/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5284.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354705 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 266 Number: 354706 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354706 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354706/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5285.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354706 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Referees 2001 Volume: 266 Number: 354707 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354707 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354707/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5286.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354707 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Title: Editorial Volume: 267 Number: 354708 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354708 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354708/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5288.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354708 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthews, Alan Title: Les pays en developpement et les negociations de l'OMC sur la liberalisation des echanges agricoles Abstract: This article discusses the interests of developing countries in the mo negotiations. First, they seek meaningful improvements in market access for their agricultural exports. Second, they seek greater equality of outcomes between developed and developing countries particularly in the use of domestic supports. Third, meaningful concessions on special and differential treatment will be necessary to satisfy the interests of both developing country exporters and food importers. Fourth, innovative and reliable guarantees will need to be provided against the risk of world price volatility. Volume: 267 Number: 354709 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354709 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354709/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5290.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354709 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Borzeix, Veronique Author-Name: Marette, Stephan Title: Les effets indirects des monopoles en matiere de protection et de subvention Abstract: This article analyses the State Trading influence on international trade. After the presentation of some data regarding both imports and exports, the Canadian Wheat Board role is detailed. Then, the main effects of State Trading enterprises for the exports are introduced. We insist on mechanisms that determine both export and domestic prices. The equivalence between the pooling price promoted by these organizations and the export subsidies are underlined. Volume: 267 Number: 354710 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354710 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354710/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5291.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354710 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra Author-Name: Dartigues, Karen Author-Name: Requillart, Vincent Title: Reforme de la politique laitiere europeenne et nouvelles negociations de I'omc Abstract: This paper analyses different scenarios of dairy policy reform in the European Union using a dairy spatial equilibrium model. It focuses on scenarios combining trade liberalization and changes or abolishment of the milk quota system. This study gives some insights for the design of dairy policy reforms in the EU. Volume: 267 Number: 354711 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354711 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354711/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5292.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354711 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chevassus, Emmanuelle Author-Name: Unguru, Manuela Title: L'elargissement de l'union douaniere europeenne aux pays d'Europe centrale et orientale Les enjeux pour les echanges agricoles et alimentaires des pays-tiers Abstract: By the ceecs accession to the EU, the eu will enlarge its custom union. This implies both the adoption by the new incumbents of the Common external tariffs and the negotiation at the wro of a common list of commitments. The aim of this paper is to estimate, by the use of the Armington assumption, the likely changes in agro-food trade flows and the potential market access compensation issues when enlargement takes place. Volume: 267 Number: 354712 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354712 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354712/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5293.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354712 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gallezot, Jacques Title: Acces au marche agricole et agro-alimentaire de Tue Le point de vue du negociateur a I'omc et celui du douanier Abstract: Reality of tariff rules in the European market differs considerably from what is negotiated in the wro. This situation leads to estimate an actual level of protection under the most favored nation regime larger than what EU notified to the wro (24 % against 19 %). However the true degree of EU market access has to take into account the preferential access to provided to emerging countries. According to our computations, around half of agricultural and farm-products are imported within preferential agreements. Therefore, the overall level of EU protection (including tariff and non tariff barriers) is sharply lower (9,7 %) than what appears in the multilateral agreements only. Volume: 267 Number: 354713 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354713 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354713/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5294.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354713 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mace, Anne-Gaalle Title: Le systeme americain de securite des aliments: science, precaution et reponse aux demandes sociales Abstract: The international trade negotiations concerning food products are a battlefield for the European Union and the United States, at the center of which is the question of the acknowledgment of the precautionary principle. The aim of this article is to understand the arguments of the American negotiators by studying their national food safety system. The article first describes the system's main guiding principles and what are the institutions involved in food safety. Then, it focuses on a surprising provision. The Delaney Clause, which was enacted in 1958, sets a zero tolerance standard for food additives that contain carcinogenic substances. Being in contradiction with the main principle of the system -that is the requirement of a sound science basis, this text seems to be the best example of the situations where the United States also take public opinion's demands into consideration Volume: 267 Number: 354714 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354714 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354714/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5295.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354714 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arnaud, Charles Author-Name: Giraud-Heraud, Eric Author-Name: Hammoudi, Hakim Title: Barrieres fiscales et commerce international: l'exemple des vins et spiritueux Abstract: The alcoholic beverage is a good example for non tariff barrier policies. In this sector, countries increase the difficulties for entrance of imported products, mostly for food safety reasons which arise from consumption of alcohol. This paper bring to light to the main role of the specific taxes for consumption, showing how an harmonization of these taxes could be accepted by different countries. Volume: 267 Number: 354715 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354715 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354715/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5296.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354715 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonny, Sylvie Title: Le succes des cultures transgeniques aux etats-Unis: facteurs agro-economiques et perspectives Abstract: Looking at the case of herbicide-tolerant soybean, this paper examines the agro-economic factors contributing to its rapid adoption in the USA. Firstly, data is presented on the transgenic crops cultivated around the world and in the USA. Then the paper examines agro-economic factors explaining the rapid spread of glyphosate tolerant soybean in the USA. It also takes up its various environmental and health aspects. Lastly, the prospects of transgenic crops are examined, taking into account outlet issues due to the suspicion of GMOs in some importing countries. Volume: 267 Number: 354716 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354716 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354716/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5297.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354716 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin, Catherine Author-Name: Piot-Lepetit, Isabelle Title: La viande bovine en France Modelisation micro-economique et dynamique de l'offre Abstract: This article focuses on the dynamics of beef supply response in the French beef sector. The objective of this paper is to provide a model of beef supply response within a dynamic microecono- mic framework. The aim of this model is the understanding of cattleman decisions and the assessment of how the behavior of beef producers is sensitive to changes in production prices and to changes in premiums. In particular, this paper studies how the beef supply response is modified when various exogenous variables like prices or policy instruments are changed. Volume: 267 Number: 354717 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354717 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354717/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5298.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354717 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Doussin, Jean-Pierre Title: Du bon usage des negociations internationales concernant les reglementations sanitaires et techniques des aliments Volume: 267 Number: 354718 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354718 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354718/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5300.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354718 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Le modele agricole europeen est-il acceptable par les pays-tiers? Volume: 267 Number: 354719 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354719 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354719/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5302.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354719 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 267 Number: 354720 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354720 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354720/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5303.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354720 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Helene Author-Name: Loyat, Jacques Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Introduction Volume: 268-269 Number: 354721 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354721 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354721/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5304.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354721 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahrens, Heinz Author-Name: Lippert, Christian Title: Politiques agricoles comparees de l'Allemagne et de la France Abstract: This article seeks to survey the evolution of the French and German agricultural policy positions from the creation of the EEC to the negotiations on the Agenda 2000. The fact that France favored price cuts while the Federal Republic pleaded for quantitative restrictions, is explained taking into account the differences in the economic and natural conditions of agriculture in the two countries. Finally, account is taken of the new agricultural policy concepts resulting both from the German reunification and from the change in the French government in 1997. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354722 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354722 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354722/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5306.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354722 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Agriculture et industrie agro-alimentaire francaises Abstract: The economic performance of French agriculture and of the agri-food sector during the last fifty years, particularly the growth of exports, has generally been a great success. Yet public intervention in this sector remains controversial. A new social contract, including multiple and diverse dimensions, is in the process of being formed. But the consensus on it is still shallow. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354723 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354723 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354723/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5307.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354723 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Nouvelles orientations de la politique agricole francaise: quelques questions a propos du contrat territorial d'exploitation Abstract: The new french farm bill of July 1999 aims to improve the multifonctionnality of agriculture and put forward for this purpose a new purview called the Farming Territorial Contract (FTC). The comparison between the objectives announced in the bill, the effective implementation and the noted results of FTC leads to put any basic questions about the trends of french and European agricultural policies. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354724 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354724 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354724/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5308.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354724 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tangermann, Stephan Title: Le cycle du millenaire de I'omc et l'avenir de la politique agricole commune Abstract: The new mo agricultural Round should deepen the liberalization movement which was initiated during the Uruguay Round. participating Countries widely agree with the new wro rules, they may have very different views of wro's future. The EU will be put under pressure in order to cut its subsidies to agricultural exports. When adopting Agenda 2000, it has made a big step in that direction for grain markets but for other products, there is still much to be done. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354725 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354725 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354725/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5309.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354725 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Title: Decentralisation et politique agricole en France Abstract: This article sets out the main reasons which can explained political and administrative decentralization in the 80's in France and points up the development of agricultural supports at departmental and regional tiers. First we identify these supports and propose an analyze of their grounds. We stress the evolution of agricultural subsidies towards integrated rural measures. Then some assumptions about evolution of the roles of sub- national government in the agricultural sector follow. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354726 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354726 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354726/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5311.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354726 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thoroe, Carsten Title: Repartition des competences de politique agricole entre Lander, Etat federal et Union europeenne Abstract: In Germany the various governmental levels (federal government, federal states, municipal authorities) form a sturdy "network". In the field of agricultural policy this networking is superimposed by the incorporation of the EU. Against the background of changed underlying conditions for integration and increased integration of European agriculture in world trade, the extensive transfer of agricultural policy responsibilities of the EU is in need of revision. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354727 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354727 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354727/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5312.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354727 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehl, Peter Author-Name: Plankl, Reiner Title: Politique des structures agricoles et programmes agri-environnementaux en RFA Abstract: In Germany, agricultural structure policies are formulated within an institutional framework associating the National State, the federated States (the Landers) and the European Union. This institutional framework is conceived as a double interlocked federalism; it is criticized by a theory which considers it prevents the development of accurate policies as it has a strong tendency to lower conflicts and to favor status quo ante. This article, based on an empirical analysis of the agricultural structure and the agri-environmental policies in Germany, gives results which moderate the predictions of the theory. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354728 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354728 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354728/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5313.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354728 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthelemy, Denis Title: Economie patrimoniale et repartition des moyens de production dans l'agriculture francaise Abstract: Farm structure policy and administrative management of production rights in France play a significant part in the distribution of the means of production in agriculture. This common patrimonial management, implemented by farmers and their representatives, limits the usual field of activity of market economy, in order to promote principles of equality between farmers of the same generation and solidarity between generations. This play between patrimonial economy and market economy, here highlighted in the case of France, is at work by other ways in Germany and United Kingdom. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354729 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354729 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354729/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5315.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354729 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Doll, Helmut Author-Name: Fasterding, Ferdinand Author-Name: Klare, Klaus Title: Droit d'heritage, droit du fermage et contrale des structures agricoles en Allemagne Abstract: According to the prevailing inheritance regulations, respectively the laws of inheritance for agricultural property, heirs to farms are favored in Germany because one heir takes over the entire property whereas the retreating heirs are often compensated with relatively small sums of money. This can contribute to take over without sharing competitive farms but also farms without any chance of development, what will delay structural change of farm size which is necessary for the improvement of competitiveness of agriculture. On the other hand, the prevailing laws for the selling of agricultural land as well as the law of land lease and land lease transaction do not obstruct agri- structural change, because they are only used carefully. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354730 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354730 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354730/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5316.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354730 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piot-Lepetit, Isabelle Author-Name: Brammer, Bernhard Author-Name: Kleinhanss, Werner Title: Regulation environnementale et efficacite des exploitations en Allemagne et en France Abstract: This paper develops a methodology dealing with desirable and undesirable output asymmetrically which is used to evaluate the impact of agri-environmental policy, both in France and Germany, on the technical and environmental efficiency of arable farms with a nitrogen surplus. Results highlight only few possibilities of environmental improvements, mainly for farms included in agrienvironmental programs. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354731 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354731 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354731/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5317.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354731 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karner, Julia Author-Name: Weiss, Christoph R. Title: Le cycle des profits en economie agro-alimentaire: comparaison internationale Abstract: Based the structure-conduct-performance-approach the present paper analyses determinants of pricecost-margins over the business cycle for food industries in Germany, the USA as well as the Netherlands. Controlling for market structure variables, cyclical fluctuations in profitability are interpreted as evidence for changes in firm behavior. The econometric panel data models reveal procyclic fluctuations of profits on highly concentrated industries in Germany. In contrast, profitability in competitive industries in Germany as well as in all US-food industries are found to be more stable over the business cycle. This observation is explicable in terms of a more aggressive behavior of firms in boom periods. The econometric model does not adequately explain industry differences in profitability in the Netherlands. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354732 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354732 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354732/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5318.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354732 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Author-Name: Rueda, Cristina Author-Name: Vounouki, Eleftheria Title: Multifonctionnalite et egibilite aux aides pac dans I'ue Abstract: European agricultural policies emphasize the need to take into account the multifonctionality of agriculture, and reflect objectives concerning employment and the preservation of the economic and social texture in rural areas. These new policies grant new importance to farms which are part of complex systems of activities (pluriactivity, etc.). A comparison of regulations governing conditions of eligibility for four types of direct paiements in five countries (Germany, Spain, France, Greece and the UK) reveals a real change of the standards of occupational practice taken into account in the economic aid for agriculture. Yet, this trend is ambiguous and can also be interpreted as a step towards deregulation of the labor market. This could result in an increasing number of precarious jobs. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354733 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354733 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354733/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5320.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354733 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chateluer, Vincent Author-Name: Kleinhanss, Werner Title: Agenda 2000 et modulation des aides directes de la pac en Allemagne et en France Abstract: The horizontal measures of Agenda 2000 (article 4) opens the possibility to the member states to implement a modulation of the compensatory payments. A comparative analysis of the development of direct payments from 1991 to 2008 between farms in France and Germany and of their modulation is assessed within this study. Based on data of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (fadn), this work includes the specification of simulation models for the assessment of Agenda 2000 and of the French scheme of modulation. Volume: 268-269 Number: 354734 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354734 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354734/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5321.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354734 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 268-269 Number: 354735 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354735 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354735/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5322.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354735 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piketty, Marie-Gabrielle Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Consequences possibles de la liberalisation des echanges de sucre: deux modeles et leurs reponses Abstract: Price volatility and protectionism are main features of the world sugar market The assumptions, results and limits of two models of the world sugar market are analyzed. Taking into account the consequences of price volatility on agents decision making may radically change expected results of sugar trade liberalization, underlying the need to improve supply functions representation in models used during wro negotiations. Volume: 270 Number: 354736 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354736 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354736/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5323.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354736 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Candau, Jacqueline Author-Name: Ruault, Claire Title: Discussion pratique et discussion strategique au nom de l'environnement. Differents modes de concertation pour definir des regles de gestion des marais Abstract: Two dialogue plans, distinguished by their participants and the modal of discussion, were launched in 1990 in Charente Maritime about the marsh management. They have produced various results: le- gitimization of collaboration relations on one hand, formulation of a technical problematic on the other hand. These results are complementary to further define new action rules. But their difficult linking questions the conditions to consider the practitioner's knowledge, and the possibilities to fit the plans to the discussions progress. The evolving and pragmatic nature of the plans proved a condition to have a productive dialogue about ideas. Volume: 270 Number: 354737 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354737 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354737/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5324.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354737 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hommel, Thierry Author-Name: Godard, Olivier Title: Trajectoire de contestabilite sociale et production d'OGM a usage agricole Abstract: This article develops an interpretation of voluntary early action of firms in regard to potential collective risks affecting health and the environment. The paper explores what happened to agricultural GMOs industry in France since the early nineties. Empirical observations are interpreted on the basis of the model of proactive Management of contestability, which explores the economic conditions under which an anticipated threat of social protest, although just potential, can discipline firm's behavior effectively. The situation of the GMO's producers in 2001 is interpreted as a result of partial and unsuccessful attempts to settle such a management of contest ability. Volume: 270 Number: 354738 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354738 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354738/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5325.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354738 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Risoud, Georges Author-Name: Parguel, Pierre Title: Renforcement des conditions de production laitiere dans les aoc fromageres dites de plaine : le cas de l'Epoisses Abstract: The Syndicate de Defense de l'Epoisses' has promoted a reflexion, between local cheese makers and milk producers, on the conditions of milk production in the epoisses supply chain. This work contributed to install new, strong and durable relationships between these partners. The method used on the field to elaborate the new rules of production, was proposed by the 'Institut de l'Elevage'. It was mainly based on a precise analysis, conducted by the farmers, of their daily actions to herd the cattle and to produce the milk. The first results help strengthening the typicality of the cheese of epoisses; more over, the integration of the supply chain in its environment, reinforce the social legitimity of the producers of milk and of cheese. Others cheeses, under Protected Designation of Origine, which presently carry on such reflexions, should take advantage of this experience. Volume: 270 Number: 354739 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354739 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354739/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5326.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354739 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: La nouvelle loi agricole americaine. Quelles lecons tirer du revirement ideologique qu'elle illustre? Volume: 270 Number: 354740 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354740 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354740/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5328.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354740 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cochet, Hubert Author-Name: Devienne, Sophie Title: Premieres reflexions sur la mise en place des contrats territoriaux d'exploitation dans le departement de la Meuse Volume: 270 Number: 354741 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354741 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354741/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5329.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354741 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Quotas et marches a terme: similitudes et differences Volume: 270 Number: 354742 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354742 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354742/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5331.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Priolon, Joa Title: Quotas et marches derives : des differences radicales Volume: 270 Number: 354743 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354743 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354743/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5332.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354743 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Andre Pochon, Les sillons de la colere: la malbouffe n'est pas une fatalite Volume: 270 Number: 354744 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354744 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354744/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5333_t1_0098_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354744 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Remi Mer, Le paradoxe paysan. Essai sur la communication entre l'agriculture et la societe Volume: 270 Number: 354745 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354745 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354745/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5333_t1_0098_0000_7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354745 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Jean-Philippe Colin, Eric W. Crawford, Research on Agricultural Systems: Accomplishments, Perspectives and Issues Volume: 270 Number: 354746 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354746 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354746/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5333_t1_0101_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354746 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 270 Number: 354747 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354747 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354747/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5334.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354747 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Priolon, Joal Author-Name: Roudart, Laurence Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 271 Number: 354748 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354748 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354748/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5335.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vermersch, Dominique Title: Introduction Economie, Ethique... Ethique economique: mariage de convenances ou mariage de raison? Volume: 271 Number: 354749 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354749 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354749/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5336.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354749 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brague, Remi Title: Entree en matiere La nature, demeure ethique? Volume: 271 Number: 354750 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354750 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354750/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5337.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354750 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leseur, Alexia Title: L'etat face a la repartition de ressources publiques entre entreprises. Un eclairage a partir des theories de la justice Volume: 271 Number: 354751 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354751 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354751/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5339.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354751 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy, Alexis Title: L'influence des cultures du risque sur l'expertise scientifique. Le cas des ogm Volume: 271 Number: 354752 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354752 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354752/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5340.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354752 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hottois, Gilbert Title: Ethiques, sciences et societes: pour de nouvelles figures de dialogue Volume: 271 Number: 354753 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354753 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354753/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5341.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354753 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupraz, Pierre Author-Name: Vermersch, Dominique Title: Meditations environnementales autour du phenomene Bove. La non-violence a l'epreuve de la nature Volume: 271 Number: 354754 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354754 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354754/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5343.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354754 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Pascal Author-Name: Marette, Stephan Title: L'ethique et les echanges agro-alimentaires: principes et realites Volume: 271 Number: 354755 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354755 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354755/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5344.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354755 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Chantreuil, Frederic Author-Name: Dupraz, Pierre Title: Criteres d'equite et repartition des aides directes aux agriculteurs Volume: 271 Number: 354756 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354756 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354756/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5345.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354756 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouteau, Sylvie Title: Place du debat public face aux enjeux ethiques des biotechnologies Volume: 271 Number: 354757 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354757 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354757/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5346.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354757 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Christian Arnsperger, Catherine Larrere, Jean Ladriere, Ethique: Trois essais sur l'ethique economique et sociale Volume: 271 Number: 354758 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354758 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354758/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5347_t1_0102_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354758 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 271 Number: 354759 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354759 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354759/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5348.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354759 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 272 Number: 354760 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354760 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354760/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5349.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354760 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giraud-Heraud, Eric Author-Name: Priolon, Jo Title: Introduction Volume: 272 Number: 354761 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354761 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354761/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5351.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354761 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Demotes-Mainard, Magali Title: Entree en matiere De l'Internet a la nouvelle economie... et retour? Volume: 272 Number: 354762 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354762 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354762/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5352.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354762 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Green, Raul Author-Name: Hy, Michel Title: Internet et chaines d'approvisionnement agro-alimentaire Abstract: This article tries to clarify the debate on allocation of public resources (tradable permits or subsidies to farmers) among firms with the help of theories of justice developed in moral philosophy; the latter suggest different rules of "equitable" allocation of goods between individuals. We firstly make the point that a firm can be considered as a moral entity beyond individuals involved. We present the main theories, insisting on the individual's characteristics that each enhances. Responsibility appears to be the key point for any transposition of these views on equity between individual and firm. Volume: 272 Number: 354763 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354763 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354763/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5353.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354763 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hafsa, Sarra Author-Name: Hovelaque, Vincent Author-Name: Soler, Louis-Georges Title: Organisation des chaines d'approvisionnement et commerce electronique Abstract: With the case of GMOs, we show in this paper how the way risk assessment is implemented in scientific expertise and is framed by epistemics cultures. Mainly based on molecular biology principles, this culture contributes to define norms about the social utility of innovation. In France, scientific expertise has played a major role until 1 997 in the design of a pragmatic philosophy of security. Volume: 272 Number: 354764 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354764 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354764/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5354.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354764 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chambolle, Claire Author-Name: Dumans, Marie-Elise Title: Internet et la grande distribution alimentaire francaise Abstract: Part I analysis the difficulties of dialog in the most pluridisciplinary context which might exist - i.e. bioethico-taking into account the claim for pluralism and the specific expectations of scientists and philosophers. Part II explains the author's prints of view (agnosticism, anthropocentrism and methodological materialism, wild operture of space and time framework). Part III explores the substitution of the complex paradigm of the "ethics committee" to the old simply modern concept of "scientific community" as a model for the whole society. Volume: 272 Number: 354765 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354765 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354765/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5355.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354765 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin, Jean-Philippe Title: Contrats agraires ou conventions agraires ? Volume: 272 Number: 354766 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354766 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354766/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5357.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354766 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Doyon, Maurice Title: Analyse critique du concept d'ESP, estimation du soutien au producteur. Application au secteur laitier Volume: 272 Number: 354767 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354767 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354767/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5358.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354767 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roudart, Laurence Title: Liberalisation des echanges agricoles et securite alimentaire dans les pays en developpement Volume: 272 Number: 354768 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354768 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354768/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5360.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354768 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cordier, Jean Author-Name: Guinvarc'h, Martial Title: Assurance et finance agricoles. Une approche descriptive et comparative Volume: 272 Number: 354769 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354769 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354769/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5362.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354769 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pingault, Nathana Title: Les bienfaits de la liberalisation: mise en perspective Volume: 272 Number: 354770 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354770 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354770/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5364.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354770 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Bertrand Hervieu Jean Viard, L'archipel paysan La fin de la republique agricole Volume: 272 Number: 354771 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354771 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354771/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5365_t1_0121_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354771 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Louis Malassis, La longue marche des paysans francais Volume: 272 Number: 354772 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354772 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354772/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5365_t1_0122_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354772 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Albert Ledent Philippe Burny, La politique agricole commune des origines au IIIe millenaire Volume: 272 Number: 354773 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354773 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354773/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5365_t1_0124_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354773 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 272 Number: 354774 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354774 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354774/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5366.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354774 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Referees 2002 Volume: 272 Number: 354775 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354775 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354775/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5367.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354775 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roudart, Laurence Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 273-274 Number: 354776 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354776 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354776/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5382.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354776 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdelmalek, Ali Aat Author-Name: Moreddu, Catherine Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Author-Name: Barthelemy, Denis Author-Name: Delorme, Helene Title: Introduction Volume: 273-274 Number: 354777 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354777 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354777/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5383.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354777 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Burrell, Alison Margaret Title: Multifonctionnalite, considerations non commerciales au Cycle de Doha Volume: 273-274 Number: 354778 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354778 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354778/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5385.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354778 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Massot-Marti, Albert Title: Le paradigme multifonctionnel : outil et arme dans la renegociation de la PAC Abstract: Multifunctionality: instrument and weapon for the re-negotiation of the CAP - The EU cannot pretend that the CAP already has fully developed the "multifunctional" nature of the European Farming Model. Multifunctionality can thereby be understood as: a) an excuse in favor of greater border protection justified by the specific nature of the agricultural sector (closed multifunctionnality inside the Dependent Agriculture paradigm); b) an argument in favor of greater use of rural development measures (within the so- called Green Box measures) (rural multifunctionality inside the Competitive paradigm); c) recognition of the links between trade and non economic objectives (Multifunctional Agriculture paradigm strictu sensu). The debate continues in the WTO and in the EU as to which of the three interpretations will prevail during the agricultural trade negotiations and the reform process of the CAP. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354779 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354779 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354779/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5386.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Les ambiguates de la multifonctionnalite de l'agriculture Abstract: Ambiguities of the multifunctionality of agriculture - The prospects coming along with the notion of the multifunctionality of agriculture (MFA) depend on the uncertainties of the MFA in scientific and policy debates. The paper explores several aspects of this ambiguity. It stresses out the historic role of the mfa in a process of doctrinal and policy change, as a synthesis of several paths of policy measures. It shows the ambiguity and possible contradictions between several definitions of the mfa resulting in policy consequences. It sketches the pattern of particular versions of the MFA in different states and regions. At last, the paper shows that the mfa leads to a basic uncertainty about its possible final result, between a sector regression and a new development paradigm. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354780 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354780 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354780/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5387.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354780 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bodiguel, Luc Title: Le territoire, vecteur de la reconnaissance juridique de l'agriculture multifonctionnelle Abstract: A way to establish the multifunctional agriculture : the notion of territory - In order to translate in law the political objective of assistance to the multifunctional agriculture, the European and french legislators used a specific notion : "territory". This article is aiming to analyses and explain this mechanism of translation. The idea of "territory" is very delicate to handle; it conceals many facets : when "territory" is used as a simple calculation modality of the public aids or of the agricultural activity, it remains subsidiary and subject to the sectoral logic dominating in agricultural law. On the other hand, when it becomes a true qualification tool - foundation of a right according to a geographic location - the agricultural law may become a mixed law for the agricultural exploitations and the rural territories. This technical function of the "territory" is reinforced by his conceptual aspect : "territory" is a base of a new social and economical representations of agriculture. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354781 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354781 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354781/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5388.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354781 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreddu, Catherine Title: Multifonctionnalite : un apercu des travaux de l'OCDE Abstract: Multifunctionality : an overview of OECD work - OECD work on multifunctionality takes place within the context of discussions on agricultural policy reform. The economic analysis of the characteristics of multiple outputs of agriculture, regarding jointness, market failure and the public good nature of such outputs led to a practical definition of multifunctionality. Applying the conceptual analytical framework to empirical studies should yield policy implications. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354782 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354782 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354782/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5390.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354782 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Cotty, Tristan Author-Name: Aumand, Anthony Author-Name: Voituriez, Tancrede Title: Multifonctionnalite et cooperation multilaterale Une analyse du cout de fourniture de biens publics par l'agriculture Abstract: Multifunctionality and multilateral co-operation a cost analysis of a public good supply by agriculture - The multilateral reform of agricultural policies mainly addresses the price effects of domestic policies on international markets, aiming to diminish specific supports to agricultural productions, including multifunctional productions. This type of coordination can decrease the efficiency of domestic policies in providing the optimal level of national public goods when the agricultural sector is the most competitive fora certain level of public good supply. A reason for this is the economies of scope between agricultural commodities and public goods. A specific support to a multifunctional sector can then lead to a domestic gain which can be compared with the loss in third countries. A mechanism designed to compensate the foreign loss caused by domestic subsidies of large countries is proposed in cases where domestic gains exceed foreign losses Volume: 273-274 Number: 354783 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354783 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354783/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5391.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354783 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthelemy, Denis Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Title: Multifonctionnalite agricole : biens non marchands ou biens identitaires ? Abstract: Agricultural multifunctionality: non market concerns or identity production? - In the international discussions, the analytical framework about agricultural multifunctionality usually puts great emphasis on the separation between commodity outputs and non market concerns . But these two aspects seem not to be accurately specified. Economists use to analyze non market products as joint products, externalities or public goods, what in our opinion induces a lose of substance in multifunctionality notion. We are holding the opinion that market relationship requires some necessary counterweight relationship, whose aim is to produce or to maintain peculiar states of things according to time and space. The concerned goods are devoted to satisfy need for each group to build up own identity. They give to these groups ability to persist is as much as they constitute the material of their heritages : historic and cultural, natural, professional patrimony... In this way, multifunctionality as a concept would be to understand as the necessary connection between commodity production and identity production. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354784 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354784 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354784/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5392.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354784 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabourin, eric Author-Name: Djama, Marcel Title: Pratiques paysannes de la multifonctionnalite Nordeste bresilien et Nouvelle-Caledonie Abstract: Peasants practices of multifonctionnality. Two no European cases: northeast of Brazil and new Caledonia - This paper considers how multifunctional aspects of agriculture still remains in countries where public or private resources allocation for multifunctionality are not available. After discussing the problems raised by supporting multifonctionality as a national policy in many developing countries, it investigates the way multifonctionality works at the community level. Examples from peasants communities in Brazil and New Caledonia are analyzed to illustrate the social, environmental, but also economical integration capacity of non market relationship, generally governed by reciprocity rules. They illustrate, on a local level, the apprehension of agriculture as a public good. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354785 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354785 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354785/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5394.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354785 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Author-Name: Maxime, Francoise Author-Name: Maze, Armelle Author-Name: Tichit, Muriel Title: Multifonctionnalite de l'agriculture et modeles de l'exploitation agricole Abstract: Multifunctionality of agriculture and farm models - A literature reviews allows to identify four major ways of conceiving and modeling the farm. They representa wide basis for studying changes in agricultural production. However, the analysis of three research programs shows the need for adaptations in these models to address the new issues arising in the recent debates on the multifunctionality of agriculture. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354786 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354786 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354786/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5395.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354786 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aznar, Olivier Author-Name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe Title: Les services environnementaux dans les espaces ruraux Une approche par l'economie des services Volume: 273-274 Number: 354787 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354787 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354787/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5396.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354787 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raymond, Richard Title: La concertation sur l'espace cultive et la nature dans le Vexin francais Abstract: Nature production in shared space areas of great culture in Vexin francais - Observing informal meetings between farmers and other locals can reveal their different ways of presenting relations between agriculture and nature. The definition of what can be considered as nature in urban outskirts being a starting point a sharing of land takes shape. Therefore, the negotiations concerning the protection of nature tend not to include areas of production. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354788 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354788 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354788/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5397.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354788 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vounouki, Eleftheria Title: L'agriculture grecque : multifonctionnalite, politique agricole et reseaux sociaux informels Abstract: Greek agriculture: multifunctionauty, agricultural policy and social informal networks - Greek agriculture seems to follow a different evolution compared with the other countries of the EU. It is sustainable because it is already multifunctional. Its productive structure reflects and maintains the logic of the Greek agricultural family's functioning and of the social informal networks into which it is integrated. In fact, these networks have been reinforced by the CAP's implementation. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354789 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354789 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354789/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5398.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354789 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Author-Name: Depres, Christophe Author-Name: Vollet, Dominique Title: La multifonctionnalite de l'agriculture entre efficacite et equite Abstract: Agricultural multifonctionnality between efficiency and equity the case of territorial exploitation contracts in Auvergne - A specific grid for analyzing multifunctionality was created in order to identify the arguments (allocation/distribution), objectives and gearing of the program Territorial Exploitation Contract. This grid is proving to be a useful tool for analyzing and examining the coherence of a multifunctional policy. The simultaneous pursuit of objectives (allocation/distribution) creates tensions between sector and territory, to the detriment of the latter. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354790 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354790 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354790/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5400.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354790 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Struillou, Jean-Francois Title: La preponderance de la dimension environnementale dans les CTE Abstract: Farming territorial contracts and multifunctionality. The predominance over the environmental dimension - The farming territorial contracts and the rules which frame them, transpose in the law the values and the objectives of the multifunctional agriculture. If the study of these standards' s terms seems, from that time, indispensable to outline the multifunctionality, this approach must be completed by a description of the action 's frames of the juridical purview and a taking into consideration of the custom's variety in which it does or can do the aim. The analyze of the application of this purview in Loire-Atlantique's subdivision has, like this, succeeded in showing, that beyond the texts, the multifunctionality tends to be reduced, in the studied acts, at the water's protection and the biological diversity of the landscape. Volume: 273-274 Number: 354791 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354791 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354791/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5401.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354791 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andriot, Patricia Title: Approche institutionnaliste des mesures agro-environnementales Comparaison entre l'Auvergne, la Bourgogne et l'Ecosse Volume: 273-274 Number: 354792 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354792 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354792/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5403.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354792 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Title: La PAC contre la multifonctionnalite ? Volume: 273-274 Number: 354793 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354793 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354793/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5405.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354793 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Facchini, Francois Title: La contractualisation des aides en agriculture a qui doit-on donner les droits ? Volume: 273-274 Number: 354794 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354794 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354794/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5406.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354794 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 273-274 Number: 354795 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354795 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354795/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5407.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354795 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Priolon, Jo Title: Editorial Volume: 275 Number: 354796 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354796 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354796/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5409.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354796 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charlier, Christophe Title: La tracabilite comme un standard de production Abstract: Traceability: as a production standard - The aim of this article is to show that traceability, initially a means of differentiating products, has now become a production standard, as a result of having become the prevalent mechanism relied upon by the vast majority of producers to ensure food safety. However, a coordination problem naturally emerges among producers attempting to set such a standard. The question raised here is whether the solutions to this problem can come into conflict with the goal of achieving food safety. The article also explores the effects of a stricter regulation that would establish a minimal traceability standard. Volume: 275 Number: 354797 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354797 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354797/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5410.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354797 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Author-Name: Monier-Dilhan, Sylvette Title: Transmission des prix dans la filiere fruits: une approche hedonique Volume: 275 Number: 354798 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354798 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354798/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5411.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354798 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, Andre Author-Name: Marette, Stephan Title: Le bilan d'un contrat de riviere: le cas de la Reyssouze Abstract: The assessment of a river agreement: the case of the river Reyssouze - For 20 years, "river contracts " have been widely used in France. They aim at making agents aware of their responsibilities via a decentralized water management. The "river contract Reyssouze" (a river in Ain, France) studied in this paper has led to civil engineering (water purification plants, hydraulic structures...). However, this river is still quite polluted (hypertrophication) and many agents have not modified their behavior regarding the river. We show that the efficiency of this kind of contract is very limited because of a lack of measures to enforce the laws in the farm sector. Volume: 275 Number: 354799 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354799 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354799/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5412.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354799 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Author-Name: Dupeuble, Thierry Title: De la multifonctionnalite a la multi-evaluation de l'activite agricole Abstract: From multi-functionality to multi- valuation of agricultural activities - Based on a discussion of issues and debates which focus on multifunctionality and after considering the continence of the publicness which goes with multifunctional activities, this paper argues that considering multifunctionality within public policies leads to conception of decentralized processes of standardization in three arenas: public, private and collective. Efficiency of the French public contractual device to enhance multifunctionality (CTE), viewed such as a new pattern for public policy, is depending on a transformation of professional competencies system. Volume: 275 Number: 354800 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354800 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354800/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5413.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354800 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugon, Philippe Author-Name: Mayeyenda, Abel Title: Les effets des politiques des prix dans les filieres coton en Afrique zone franc: analyse empirique Abstract: Effects of price policy in cotton network in francophone Zone Africa: an empirical analysis - Price instability is a characteristic of agricultural markets. The reduction of that instability has been for a long time a major objective in many countries. The integrated subsidiary cotton organization in many Francophone Zone Africa (FZA) countries has intended to alleviate this instability. The purpose of this paper is to analyze relationship between integrated cotton organization and stability of real prices. There is also a contribution to the debate in progress between opponents and followers of the privatization of the integrated cotton organization in FZA. The stabilization-support device of the integrated subsidiary cotton in FZA is operative in the production organization, the management of farms and the technical innovations. The decomposition of effects of price instability into anticipated and non-anticipated shocks shows they have an impact on the cotton organization in certain producer countries. Volume: 275 Number: 354801 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354801 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354801/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5414.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354801 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bougherara, Douadia Author-Name: Thiebaut, Luc Author-Name: Grolleau, Gilles Title: L'exclusion des produits agroalimentaires du dispositif d'ecolabellisation Volume: 275 Number: 354802 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354802 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354802/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5416.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354802 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Resumes Volume: 275 Number: 354803 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354803 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354803/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5417.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354803 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chahed, Youssef Author-Name: Drogue, Sophie Title: Incidence du processus multilateral sur la viabilite des accords preferentiels: le cas euro-mediterraneen Abstract: Incidence of the multilateral process on the viability of the preferential agreements: the euromediterranean case -The signatory countries of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) had to reduce their import tariffs for agricultural products under the most favored nation (MFN) clause. Many of these countries had concluded bilateral trade agreements enabling them to benefit from preferential market access. It is the case of the Mediterranean countries which signed agreements with the European Union (EU). The decrease in MFN tariffs initiated by the URAA is likely to be greater at the end of the forthcoming negotiations. This may induce an erosion of the preferences granted by the EU to Mediterranean countries and have adverse effects on their agricultural exports. We focus on the consequences of a decrease in EU MFN tariffs on Mediterranean agricultural exports. Volume: 276 Number: 354804 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354804 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354804/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_276_1_5420.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354804 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnieux, Francois Author-Name: Rainelli, Pierre Title: Politiques agricoles et environnement dans les pays riches Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 189 Number: 354805 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354805 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354805/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_189_1_3954.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354805 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de WIT, C.T. Title: Impact sur l'environnement de la Politique Agricole Commune Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 189 Number: 354806 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354806 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354806/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_189_1_3955.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354806 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dubresson, Alain Title: Urbanisation et consommation alimentaire citadine en Cote d'Ivoire Abstract: Since the fifties, Ivory Coast has been characterized by a rapid urbanization : 60 /o of the population will live in cities around the year 2000. Observing food products consumption by urban people allows to refute the idea of occidentalized alienation. During the last thirthy years, dishes and the budgets structure have few changed, the alimentary habits have not been dramatically modified. On the contrary, the dishes prepared as well as social practices are witnessing to an urban africanity, which is not reducible to an universal stereotype. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 190 Number: 354807 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354807 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354807/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_190_1_3957.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354807 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Reardon, Thomas Author-Name: Thiombiano, Taladidia Author-Name: Delgado, Christopher Title: L'importance des cereales non traditionnelles dans la consommation des riches et des pauvres a Ouagadoudou Abstract: Using a representative sample of the various types of households in the city of Ouagadougou, the authors analyzed the potential effects of a price rise for imported rice on food consumption. The inquiry contradicted their initial hypotheses which deemed that such a rise would boost the consumption of traditional cereals (millet and sorghum). This result is due to the low price elasticity of the demand for rice by the poorest households, which are compelled by their usual jobs to buy, for lunch, prepared rice from street vendors. Consequently the substitution is likely to be oriented to imported wheat rather than to the long to prepare traditional cereals which require considerable preparation time. However, a development can be foreseen for a consumption of corn, which can be cultivated in Burkina Faso. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 190 Number: 354808 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354808 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354808/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_190_1_3958.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354808 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delgado, Christopher Title: Questions a propos d'un espace regional protege pour les cereales au Sahel Abstract: West Africa countries in the Sahel zone are worried about increases in their imports of cereals, which according to some slows the development of their national agricultures. A proposal for a Regional Protected Area for Cereals (RPAC) was made in a symposium (Mindelo, 1986), and this paper attempts to lay out the key issues raised. The main question is to determine whether it is possible to find a price for rice that would be incentive enough for peasants in the region, and affordable to consumers. But it is also necessary to prompt these farmers to increase their total supply of cereals, cash-crops to providce the States with foreign exchange, and animal products. Finally, the critical problem of sharing out the eventual benefits of the RPAC must be solved. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 190 Number: 354809 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354809 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354809/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_190_1_3959.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354809 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Courade, Georges Title: Les politiques alimentaires sont-elles adaptees aux changements d'habitudes alimentaires en Afrique au sud du Sahara ? Abstract: In the South of Sahara part of Africa, the more and more increasing food imports do not necessarily mean a generalized impoverishment of food production or the adoption of western food patterns, particularly in urban areas. The food habits are still largely independent of supply conditions, but relative prices of various products are beginning to stress upon the evolution of market demand. The low prices of imported cereals create unfavourable condition principally to small farmers. Food policies are based on hypotheses contrary to those proposed in this paper, and are first aimed to meet the financial requirements of the states. They are difficult to modify and helpless to solve food problems. Particularly, they do not take into account solutions offered by alimentary craftsmen and eating houses, and prefer copied or naturalized agro-industrial products too expensive and few appreciated. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 190 Number: 354810 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354810 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354810/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_190_1_3960.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354810 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kermel-Torres, Doryane Title: Securite, autosuffisance, autonomie : la strategie alimentaire de l'Inde Abstract: In order to achieve food security, self-sufficiency and self-reliance, the public intervention of India for the last twenty years is focused on incentives to means of production and on regulation of the cereals market. Imbalances were generated that specific programmes aim at mitigating. Owing to the "Green Revolution" and the incentive policy, the cereal output has increased twofold enabling India to marginalize imports, to generate export flows and sizeable stocks. Those results, which are generally used to define the indian self-sufficiency, do not prejudge the population's nutritional status, of whom an important part suffers from under-nutrition and malnutrition. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty Volume: 190 Number: 354811 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354811 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354811/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_190_1_3961.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354811 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lancon, Frederic Title: Centres urbains secondaires et commercialisation des produits vivriers au Togo Abstract: Secondary cities are located at the intersection of assembling, wholesale distribution and retailing in foodstuffs. Therefore, they act as buffer between the different stages of the distribution process. Their inhabitants' consumption increases the level of the final demand and multiply the number of marketing channels which facilitates the management of the whole system and lowers the trading risk. Trade guilds are closely linked with those cities, and women, who are in charge of supplying the family with food, often get into this business to achieve this goal and not only to earn money. Then, Togo's food policy has to take into account the future of small and medium size cities. Keywords: Marketing Volume: 190 Number: 354812 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354812 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354812/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_190_1_3962.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354812 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cobbi, Jane Title: L'evolution du comportement alimentaire au Japon Abstract: In order to understand the Japanese attitude toward Western food practices, it is useful to study its introduction in Japan from a historical point of view. Some innovations in this field are due to the initiative of the Japanese government or even to the Meiji emperor himself, and have been applied through collective ways like the army and school lunches. In this paper have been quoted examples concerning mainly the meat and milk consumption. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 190 Number: 354813 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354813 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354813/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_190_1_3963.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354813 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milbert, Isabelle Title: L'impact des changements culturels et economiques sur les comportements alimentaires : le cas de l'Inde Abstract: Food traditions in India are very rigid, since they are part of the religions rites of the different communities. Food and cooking traditions are closely linked to health and to the main events of family life. Yet a slow change does take place in food behaviour patterns. The urban middle class way of life introduces a rationalisation of cooking habits ; the Green Revolution obliges some food traditions to change in several regions. But the main obstacle to a diversification of the Indian diet is poverty. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 190 Number: 354814 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354814 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354814/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_190_1_3964.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354814 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Metaile, Georges Title: Habitudes alimentaires en Chine : traditions - perspectives de changements ? Abstract: In any study about food habits in China two things seem very important : any food has to "nourish life" and in this way belongs to the traditional pharmacopea while on the other hand a meal is composed of a staple food generally completed by dishes. Through some samples of traditional food one aknowledges a great continuity in these practises during the last hundred years in China. Showing what he thinks to be underlying this fact, the author suggests, carefully, possible changes. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 190 Number: 354815 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354815 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354815/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_190_1_3965.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354815 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harre, Dominique Title: Production nationale et approvisionnement exterieur. Le cas de la Cote d'Ivoire Abstract: The growth of food import in Ivory Coast, especially rice, took place thanks to low prices in the world market and as the result of a policy favoring the consumer's security. The evolution of the relative prices of basic foodstuff as a whole points to the limits of a policy of rice import substitution. In a context of considerable loss of purchasing power since 1 978, particularly in the so-called informal sector, the economic parameter takes over the cultural factor as a determining element of the food choice. Rice, consumed in all social stratas, progressively becomes "the poor people's disk", the State's ability to adopt protectionist measures or to carry out a cheap supply policy is limited, considering external constraints, due to the evolution of world markets, as well as internal constraints, linked to the effect of structural adjustment policies. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 190 Number: 354816 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354816 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354816/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_190_1_3966.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354816 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buttoud, Gerard Title: Politiques et pratiques forestieres en Afrique seche Abstract: The way the wooded lands are presently used in dry Africa doesn't give guarantee for the conservation of resources for a long term, and increases the effects of the rural crisis. The difference between the official rules and their practical application is so important that a new policy is needed to control forest uses. Some directions to make peasants more responsible are formulated. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 191 Number: 354817 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354817 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354817/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3967.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354817 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delahaye, Olivier Title: Reforme agraire et marche foncier en Amerique Latine : quelques reflexions au sujet des cas venezueliens et chiliens Abstract: One of agrarian reform's objectives in Latin America concerns the land tenure's resettlement for the benefit of peasants. In Venezuela, this resettlement did not happen. In this country and, under different conditions, in Chile, agrarian reform has really facilited the land market's constitution and development. This result had not been anticipated for the agrarian reform's promotives. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 191 Number: 354818 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354818 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354818/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3968.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354818 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goossens, Frans Author-Name: Tollens, Eric Title: Le concept et l'application des parites agricoles a la CEE en 1984 Abstract: International comparisons of real values of final production of agriculture are usually made in Ecu by applying the exchange rate. These comparisons may produce distorted results caused by a difference in price level for the same product in the countries concerned. In all comparisons where results in real values or in volume terms are required, i.e. ignoring differences in price levels, purchasing power parities are necessary. At the Community level, the use of Purchasing Power Standards calculated on the basis of GDP as exchange rates allows the general price level in Member States to be taken into account. To eliminate the specific distortions related to a difference in price level of agricultural products, a specific agricultural parity called Agricultural Parity (AP), i.e. a fictitious exchange rate for the aggregates of the economic accounts of agriculture, has been established. The reference unit in which these new values are expressed is called the Agricultural Standard (AS). The total value of final production of agriculture in the Community in 1984 in Ecu is by definition equal to its value in AS. The AS reflects the real price level of final production of agriculture in each Member State. It differs significantly from the value expressed in Ecu and in PPS. The article presents the calculation of AP for agriculture in the Community in 1984 and analyses the consequences for comparisons in real values of the aggregates of the economic accounts of agriculture available in CRONOS. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 191 Number: 354819 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354819 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354819/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3969.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354819 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Revel, Alain Title: Situation alimentaire mondiale : excedents, technologies, negociations Abstract: The terrible inflation in agricultural prices which occured between 1972 and 1975 made us believe of a major food crisis. As soon as 1978 the surpluses have come back and this situation could be worse at the end of the century with occuring new technologies : computer science, financial tools, bio technology. The European Communities and the United States will be faced with a gigantic dilemma : falling grain prices or ever increasing subsidies. What could we do ! The only reasonable answer is : agricultural negociations at a triple level : european, transatlantic, north-south. Keywords: International Relations/Trade Volume: 191 Number: 354820 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354820 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354820/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3970.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354820 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sneessens, J.-F. Title: La coherence de l'agriculture europeenne Abstract: The notable profusion of agricultural surpluses in the EEC is attributed to incorrect price relationship that was fixed at the beginning of the CAP. This has led to an incoherent development of the European agricultural sector (separation between crop and livestock farming, excessive intensification in production, etc.) and the artificial creation of surpluses. Given the international and agricultural constraints that the EEC is faced with, a system of special cereal quotas is proposed, in order to accelerate the restoration of correct price relationship. By discriminating between two types of outlets and two types of prices for cereals in the Community, this system would enable equilibrium between European production and demand to be reached rapidly whilst maintaining agricultural income. It would also exercise a wide-spread influence on the intensity of utilization of arable land. Various other measures such as free geographical mobility of agricultural quotas, and above all of milk quotas, are necessary in order to enable the European agriculture to return to a situation of maximum coherence. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, Agribusiness Volume: 191 Number: 354821 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354821 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354821/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3971.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354821 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berthelot, Jacques Title: Les insuffisances du Plan Guillaume de reforme des marches cerealiers mondiaux Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 191 Number: 354822 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354822 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354822/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3973.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354822 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillaume, Francois Title: Reponse Volume: 191 Number: 354823 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354823 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354823/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3974.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354823 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Afsa, Xavier Author-Name: Guermond, Yves Title: La geometrie variable de la CEE Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods Volume: 191 Number: 354824 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354824 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354824/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3976.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354824 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: J.P. Bertrand (sous la direction de). Le monde des oleo-proteagineux ; politiques des Etats et strategies des acteurs Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 191 Number: 354825 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354825 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354825/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3977_t1_0038_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354825 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: J.P. Charvet. La guerre du ble. Bases et strategies des grands exportateurs Keywords: Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries Volume: 191 Number: 354826 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354826 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354826/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3977_t1_0038_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354826 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: J. Klatzmann. Aide alimentaire et developpement rural Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 191 Number: 354827 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354827 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ECRU_362_0001.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ECRU_362_0007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ECRU_362_0009.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ECRU_362_0029.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ECRU_362_0049.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ECRU_362_0065.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ECRU_362_0091.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ECRU_362_0099.pdf File-Format: application/pdf 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https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_2_1285.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1286.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1287.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1288.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1289.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1290.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1291.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1292.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_3_1293.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_4_1294.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354827/files/ecoru_1146-9374_1952_num_4_4_4420.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354827 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: John W. Mellor et Raisuddin Ahmed (Ed.) - Agricultural price policy for developing countries Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 191 Number: 354828 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354828 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354828/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3977_t1_0040_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354828 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: OCDE. Formulation de la politique rurale. Nouvelles tendances. Etude preparee par Christian Huillet, Pieter Van Dijk et Theodore Alter Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 191 Number: 354829 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354829 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354829/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3977_t1_0042_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354829 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Louis Lorvellec. Droit Rural Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Agribusiness Volume: 191 Number: 354830 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354830 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354830/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3977_t1_0042_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354830 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: J. Catanzano. Retour vers l' arriere-pays, migrations en Languedoc-Roussillon Volume: 191 Number: 354831 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354831 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354831/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3977_t1_0043_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354831 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Collectif (1988). Changement rural en Europe. Actes du colloque de Montpellier du 6 au 10 juillet 1987 Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 191 Number: 354832 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354832 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354832/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3977_t1_0045_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354832 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Collectif (1987). Enjeux fonciers dans la Caraa be. Actes du seminaire international du 21 au 24 novembre 1983 sur le theme "Transformations foncieres et changement social dans les societes rurales de la Caraabe" Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use Volume: 191 Number: 354833 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354833 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354833/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_191_1_3977_t1_0046_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354833 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonny, Sylvie Title: Avant-propos Volume: 192-193 Number: 354834 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354834 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354834/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3979.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354834 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lesourne, Jacques Title: Les nouvelles technologies et le developpement economique Abstract: Having located the present technological changes in the Christopher Freeman's classification, this paper displays the importance of the interference of new technologies diffusion with the growing intricacies between national economies. Hence, international networks of collective cleverness are under extension and offset the growing number of single owners of small fragments of this cleverness. The main consequences of this transformation are less the spreading unemployment than the revelation that, from a macro-economic point of view, the rythm of technical progress has slowed down for 15 years, and the development of a middle class of skilled technicians replacing workers and employees. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354835 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354835 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354835/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3981.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354835 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Claude Title: Les nouvelles technologies en agriculture : quelques lecons d'histoire Abstract: The tremendous innovations potential of the technologies being at present time settled by scientists provokes justified enthusiasms and fears. A brief flash-back upon events from the last forty years could make the debate more serene. Actually, some expectations not transferred into the production sector (twin calves, biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen) recall us that research is a very uncertain activity. The evolution of programs generated by both crises in 1973 (fuels, soybean) emphasizes the impact of economic fluctuations on it. Finally, the economists will have to remain careful in order to make clear to the political and farm unions officials the nature and magnitude of unavoidable disruptions. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354836 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354836 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354836/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3982.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354836 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paillotin, Guy Title: L'avenir des biotechnologies dans l'agriculture et l'agro-alimentaire Abstract: Biotechnology constitutes a scientific and technological revolution because we now have the ability to analyse and intervene at a molecular level which opens a lot of prospects (e.g. gene transfer, selection of quality products on the basis of genetic characteristics, reagents which use the ability to recognize forms of certain molecules, etc.). At an economic level, biotechnology renews existing activities (in different ways depending upon the structure of the sector) rather than creating new activities ; it follows the technical progress of the last thirty years while incorporating technological changes : new methods of selection, creation of modified living beings by gene transfer, appearance of new technological procedures, etc. But the end user of biotechnology is not always conscious of making use of it because it is embodied in already existing products. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354837 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354837 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354837/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3983.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354837 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosier, Bernard Author-Name: Berlan, Jean-Pierre Title: Les nouvelles technologies agricoles comme production sociale Abstract: Technological change is usually considered as given and the only task is to study its impact. This paper takes the opposite view : technology has a history, a genesis, it is socially contingent and marked. Looking at the main features of the transformation of agriculture in the 20th century, it deals with the corresponding structure and organization of the production of innovations, particularly of public agricultural research. It questions the capacity of the present "new" technologies to solve the problems inherited from the very development of the past "new" ones (excess capacity, environment, public health, North-South relations, etc.) and suggests rather to design the new technologies according to the impact we want from them. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Agribusiness Volume: 192-193 Number: 354838 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354838 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354838/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3984.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354838 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rives, Marc Title: Consequences des technologies nouvelles dans le secteur des semences Abstract: New biological technologies already have and will have in the future a significant impact in the agrobusiness channels. They will not, however, represent a qualitative jump. They will simply stand in a very good position among the tools that various disciplines in research and technology that work for these channels use and will use. They will not fundamentally alter their present approaches. The impact on agriculture may not be visible to the farmers, as they will operate either upstream or downstream from the farm. Inputs will continue evolving as in the past. Downstream, demand is likely to be influenced by the requirements, demand is likely to be influenced by the requirements from the users of farm products, as a fallout from the new technologies that these will adopt. This, and the tendency of companies to try and follow their industrial property rights farther than this was usual up to the present time, is likely to lead to an increased domination of the markets by operators from upstream and downstream, at the expense of the farmers. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354839 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354839 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354839/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3987.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354839 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meynard, Jean-Claude Author-Name: Sebillotte, Michel Title: La conduite des cultures : vers une ingenierie agronomique Abstract: As agronomists, we discuss the innovations to be expected in crop management. We analyze the new ways to control the productive process, and point out the effect of economic changes as well as of increasing farmer's means, on decision aid. We consider the elaboration of "itineraries of techniques" (coherent combinations of techniques) which allow to reach various targets of production as the main stake for the next years. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 192-193 Number: 354840 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354840 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354840/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3988.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354840 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Assouline, Gerald Title: L'evolution technologique de l'industrie des phytosanitaires : quelles interactions avec l'agriculture Abstract: The understanding of the technological evolution of the pesticide industry relies upon an examination of technical change potentialities and constraints and integration of the economic reality of agriculture. On one side, chemists have to defend their specificities and market shares. Famers know how to count and choose in fonction of the price and not only of the quality and inclination for new products ; more than ever, marketing and communication policies are tools for products and marks differentiation. On the other side, agrochemical industry participates strongly to a new technological pattern consolidation based on plant and biotechnologies. Is it a way to fit the durable crisis ? Or, is that orientation able to push on agricultural economy and to help (Which ?) farmers to resolve their financial and technical problems? Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Agribusiness Volume: 192-193 Number: 354841 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354841 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354841/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3989.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354841 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mouchet, Christian Title: Consequences economiques de l'emploi de la somatotropine bovine dans la production laitiere en France Abstract: Within certain conditions especially feeding Bovine somatotropine (BST) allows an increase in the yield of dairy cows. Budget studies of representative situations have shown that this product may further intensification in dairy farms, in spite of the restraint of quotas, and provided that substitution activities be introduced, and production be diversified. Being flexible in use, BST can be employed either systematically or in particular instances. Recording to BST revives political, economical and sociological debates about the future of cattle farms, and more generally of agricultural sector. Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 192-193 Number: 354842 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354842 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354842/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3991.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354842 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Broussolle, Claude Author-Name: Brule, G. Title: Les biotechnologies dans l'industrie agro-alimentaire : champ d'application et impact economique Abstract: After the presentation of the biotechnological fields and their economical stakes in food industry, we investigated the different steps of biotechnological processes. We specified the position of Food Companies at each level of the process in order to evaluation strengths and weaknesses of our industry and then to define future prospects for the biotechnologic's development. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354843 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354843 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354843/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3993.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354843 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joignaux, Guy Title: Productique et IAA : une approche socio-economique Abstract: At its use was spreading, from the very beginning of the 80s, the term Productics saw its content broaden. Strongly marked by industrial automation and data processing technologies, which it is born of, productics analysis was progressively enriched with economics, science of management and sociology contributions ; this shows what transformations extent Productics management procedures are slowly making their way, allow to put forward some hypothesis as to the way of analysing them. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 192-193 Number: 354844 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354844 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354844/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3994.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354844 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perez, Roland Author-Name: Renault, Christian Title: La productique dans la filiere viande Abstract: Using the results of a survey of businessmen, this communication presents an initial report on automation processes in the French meat industry. Restructuring of this industry was part of food industry modernization. Automation accompanied a mutation of production standards. These results permit identification of the future outlook and conditions for success of modernization programs in this industry from an industrial policy perspective. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 192-193 Number: 354845 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354845 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354845/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3995.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354845 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussemart, Jean-Philippe Title: Changements technologiques et demandes de facteurs de production. Une analyse de la modification des combinaisons productives de l'agriculture francaise Abstract: Econometric modeling of a dual translog cost function shows that the prices of intermediates inputs and household earnings have dominant effects on farmers'technical choices. Productivity gains are supposed to be due essentially to technical progress incorporated in the intermediates inputs necessary to vegetal productions. Finally, it is shown that output growth sharing (especially in the case of animal productions) has increased the share of the intermediates inputs more than the shares of the other inputs, beside it did not have any positive effects on the family labor income. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354846 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354846 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354846/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3997.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354846 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guyomard, Herve Title: Progres techniques et productivite totale des facteurs : analyse theorique et application a l'agriculture francaise Abstract: Typically measures of total factor productivity growth have been based on a non parametric framework : this residual approach is based on divisia indexes of inputs and outputs and likens technical change to the percentage growth in total factor productivity. Unfortunately, this simple equivalence is true only if several assumptions are satisfied : Hicks neutral technical change, constant returns to scale, separability between inputs and outputs, perfectly variable inputs and outputs and competitive markets for all commodities. When one of these assumptions is not satisfied, the parametric or economic approach is a convenient alternative even if the representation of technical change in the production function or in its dual (profit, cost or revenue functions) is, with no doubt, too restrictive. As a final objective both approaches are applied to French Agriculture (1960-1984). Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354847 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354847 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354847/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3998.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354847 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Rousselle, Jean-Marc Title: Les indices de productivite. Aspects methodologiques et application a l'agriculture Abstract: Numerous index formulas can be derived from aggregator functions, which correspond to different assumptions about technology. They give different estimations of total factor productivity in the french agricultural sector between 1967 and 1985. We try here to explain these differences and to choose which index, among the different ones (superlative, arithmetic, geometric indexes, chain or non chain versions) is advisable in agricultural economic studies. Keywords: Productivity Analysis Volume: 192-193 Number: 354848 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354848 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354848/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_3999.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354848 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonny, Sylvie Author-Name: Dauce, Pierre Title: Les opinions des agriculteurs a l'egard des nouvelles technologies. Une enquate dans le Centre et la Bretagne Abstract: A survey conducted in 1987 in two French areas Centre and Brittany on several hundred farmers (500 questionnaires studied) showed a generally rather favourable attitude toward technical innovations of which a list had been proposed. Management data processing, reasoned fertilization, telematics and - variable with the area - crops intended for industry or energy, or selection on high-yielding animal and crops were particularly well greeted. However plough-robot, growth accelerator, growth hormone (BST) and milking-robot got a majority of unfavourable opinions. A question about innovations that farmers would like to introduce in their farm pointed out a little more reserved attitude and a strong preference for management data processing. Results are presented for both rough and weighted sample and opinion variations according to various structural characteristics of farms are also analysed. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354849 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354849 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354849/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_4001.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354849 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jullian, P. Title: Innovations et diversite des exploitations agricoles Abstract: Innovation is not an absolute guarantee of progress. It has to be adapted to the context of the technical management itinerary and above all to that of the farm. Each farm is a unique system of techno-economic relationships. Innovation alters the way this system operates and only entails progress when beneficial changes are greater than maleficent changes. An innovation can only be assessed by the farmer who operates the system, who has to bear its constraints and through which he attempts to achieve his life goals. This implies that innovations must be tested within a wide range of "insertion" and not only of performance criteria, and that a specific innovation way not be of equal interest to all farms. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354850 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354850 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354850/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_4002.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354850 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicourt, Christian Author-Name: Souron, Olivier Title: Incidences de quelques innovations sur les conditions de travail des agriculteurs Abstract: The few technical changes we studied show about peaseant working conditions a common evolution. It is well known that physical workload has hardly regressed. But static physic work and more precisely postural pains has increased. Frequently, a cohort of nuisances : noise, vibrations, toxics, symbolise mecanisation. Technical changes definite a new organisation of work. Population at work is restricted and recombine. The selected worker must follow new rythmes in an other temporal frame. His specialisation lead him to get specific powers : information management, planning, coordination. New technics display a large part usually unknown, of operators knowledges. More basically may be, they behave towards agricultural work, as showing its mental side. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354851 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354851 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354851/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_4003.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354851 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darre, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Le Guen, Roger Author-Name: Lemery, Bruno Title: Changement technique et structure professionnelle locale en agriculture Abstract: The process of technical change may be observed and analysed in other terms than those imposed by the concentric visions of society, according to which knowledge spreads from producing centres towards the peripheral multitude of executants. The technical transformations are neither the ordinary result of spreading effects, nor the ordinary result of technical or technico-economical logics, or of macro-sociological connections. They are also the result of social interactions, in keeping with systems of relatively lasting relations. The adoption of a new technic, introduced by the farmers in the existing system is therefore a process of negotiation and not only a transfer and an acquisition. We show, from empirical studies realised in French villages, that there is a correlation between the morphological caracteristics of the social systems of dialogue and interinfluence on one hand, described with the means of social network analysis, and, on the other hand, the modalities according to which the ideas and the ways of doing remain, change, adjust, unify or vary within a group. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354852 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354852 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354852/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_4004.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354852 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: Perspective de developpement des marches de l'agrionique Abstract: Agrionics, new concept integrating electronics and fam equipment, is projected to have a significant contribution both in the increasing substitution of manpower by machine observed in agriculture and in the control of production costs (best use of farm inputs as seeds, pests, etc.). In the mid-term, conventional tractors and self-propelled machines, should have been highly automatised, and the first achievement of faming robots shouls have appear (fruit crop and cow milking robots). However the growth of agrionics markets keeps conditioned by large scale enterprises, to profit by a "volume-effect" allowing to cut down industrial costs, to set up efficient distribution and maintenance networks, and finally to finance a very expensive research and development. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 192-193 Number: 354853 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354853 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354853/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_4006.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354853 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Netter, Louis-Noal Title: Perspectives offertes a l'exploitation agricole par la micro-informatique et la telematique Abstract: After a little less than ten years of existence, micro-computer and videotex applications for farms have a slow but steady development. The market is getting close to its maturity in micro-computer applications, but it is not yet the case with videotex. Although not as important as some had thought it would be, the actual stake remains the supply to business farmers of new types of goods and services using information technologies. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354854 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354854 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354854/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_4008.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354854 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charrier, Andre Title: (Note de recherche). Approche internationale de la conservation des ressources phytogenetiques Volume: 192-193 Number: 354855 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354855 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354855/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_4010.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354855 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cordonnier, Jean-Marc Title: (Note de recherche). Les nouvelles technologies et le developpement agricole Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354856 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354856 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354856/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_4012.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354856 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucquin, Denis Title: Impact des biotechnologies sur les relations industrielles de l'INRA Abstract: The relationships between INRA and its industrial partners have gradually passed from the mere utilization of results to a close partnership involving firms in the life of the institute. A recent example gives the opportunity to analyse some peculiarities of these relationships when they take place in the field of biotechnologies. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Industrial Organization Volume: 192-193 Number: 354857 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354857 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354857/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_4013.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354857 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gremillet, Daniel Title: Les nouvelles technologies : vers une autre revolution agricole et industrielle Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 192-193 Number: 354858 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354858 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354858/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_192_1_4015.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354858 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, Andre Title: La famille comme unite d'analyse du secteur agricole Abstract: Why farms are still family farms ? This long debated question tends now to be replaced by new ones concerning the distance between farm and family which makes each of them more autonomous. Economic and social context shifts are responsible for this new focus : family traditionnal constraints are relaxing and women jobs are generalizing ; unemployment rises and simultaneously job precariousness ; agricultural protectionnism is declining. The rising importance of farm household income originated in non or off farm activities comes here at the center of the picture, but has quite different micro and macro-economic meanings according as farmers or farm household members are job takers or job makers for their off or non farm activities, and also as the new income is or not determinant of the farm activity continuation. The study of these changes demands that the family be promoted as the unit of analysis even if its theoritical status is not well established. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 194 Number: 354859 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354859 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354859/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4016.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354859 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catanzano, Joseph Author-Name: Gilly, B. Author-Name: Lantz, F. Title: Les entreprises de pache artisanale : essais de typologie Abstract: This paper presents some attempts for a French artisanal fishing enterprises typology. The originality of these attempts arises from the lead given to economic variables in order to analyze the fishing fleet using accountable datas both at national then regional level. The theorie use of economic and financial ratios (added value, solvency and financial autonomy) leads to the presentation of the artisanal fleet economic situation. The choice of a geographic area and the use of multiple-correspondanceanalysis permits a cross analysis of fisheries features and return criteria. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 194 Number: 354860 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354860 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354860/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4017.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354860 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coquart, Dominique Author-Name: Soufflet, Jean-Francois Title: Dynamique de la concurrence et evolution de la filiere viande bovine Abstract: In this article, the writers study how a lot of new strategies chosen by some firms, changed the stability of french slaughtering, beef processing and wholesale trading sector at the end of the sixties. They show that the firms who have chosen development, capitalization and products-innovation get better performances. They explain the effects of these changements on the market structures. Indeed they involved a progressive decline of small-scale production by crafstmen and emergence of a concentrated and industrial pole. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 194 Number: 354861 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354861 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354861/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4018.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354861 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Defo, Thomas Title: Organismes publics face au secteur libre dans la commercialisation des produits vivriers : le cas du Cameroun Abstract: Facing ever since the early 70's the steady population growth and specifically the rapid expansion of the urban population, Cameroun has, over the past decade, been striving through various agricultural policies to resolve the evident imbalance between cash crops and food crops. Among different measures, the government intervened directly in the commercialisation of food crops. This study attemps to analyze the results of this policy and eventually demonstrates how is the governmental intervention limited within an economy which is certainly poor but where the private sector has proved its dynamism. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 194 Number: 354862 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354862 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354862/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4019.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354862 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Domecq, Jean-Pierre Title: Origine des excedents agricoles et leurs roles dans l'economie francaise Abstract: The reason for the agricultural surplus produce is the blind developement of productivism which is compelled to rule over agriculture in order to face this increasing differences between the selling prices and the cost of the inputs. This survey shows how this first source of surplus is heightened by the E.E.C. Agricultural Policy, to the prejudice of the french production of cereal and french farming and this, without the French economy being able to recover, for its own benefit, its agricultural surplus produce throught exports or any limitation of the agricultural production. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 194 Number: 354863 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354863 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354863/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4020.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354863 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Harvey, David Title: Comment faire face a la crise financiere dans les pays industrialises : le cas de la CEE Abstract: Three main aspects of the agricultural financial crisis are examined. First, the policy adjustment problem : the progression from unlimited support through price reductions and stabilisers to production quotas is likely to continue. However, environmental considerations and international pressures may modify this trend. Second, the farm adjustment problem : shrinking farm margins and incomes may not lead to continued exodus from rural areas if capital values fall and multiple jobs are available. Third, the international adjustment problem : effective decoupling of support from the market could reconcilie internal pressures with external concerns and responsibilities. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 194 Number: 354864 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354864 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354864/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4021.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354864 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvander, Bertil Title: Alimentation service et contraintes de temps dans les menages Abstract: As showed by E. Engel a century ago, increasing incomes lead the households to allocate a smaller part of their budget to food expenditures. In addition, the structure of consumption is changing by the substitution towards richer products, denoted as "the quality effect". This paper aims to explain the consumption of "convenience foods", as a part of this evolution, which is assumed to be related to the time constraints imposed on households. From an analysis of survey data, the author finds a positive relationship for every income category between the consumption of "convenience foods" and the degree a household is time constrained. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 194 Number: 354865 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354865 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354865/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4022.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354865 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Catherine Mougenot, Marc Mormont. - L'invention du rural, l'heritage des mouvements ruraux (de 1930 a nos jours) Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 194 Number: 354866 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354866 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354866/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4023_t1_0048_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354866 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Pierre Alphandery, Pierre Bitoun, Yves Dupont. - Les champs du depart. Une France rurale sans paysans Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 194 Number: 354867 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354867 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354867/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4023_t1_0049_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354867 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Claude Servolin. L'agriculture moderne Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 194 Number: 354868 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354868 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354868/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4023_t1_0051_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354868 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: P. Muller, A. Faure, F. Gerbaux. - Les entrepreneurs ruraux. Agriculteurs, artisans, commercants, elus locaux Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 194 Number: 354869 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354869 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354869/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4023_t1_0053_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354869 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Dominique Gambier et Michel Vernieres. - L'emploi en France Keywords: Labor and Human Capital Volume: 194 Number: 354870 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354870 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354870/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4023_t1_0054_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354870 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Alain Desrosieres et Laurent Thevenot. - Les categories socio-professionnelles Volume: 194 Number: 354871 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354871 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354871/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4023_t1_0055_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354871 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Nicolas Herpin, Daniel Verger. - La consommation des Francais Keywords: Consumer/Household Economics Volume: 194 Number: 354872 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354872 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354872/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4023_t1_0057_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354872 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Ruth Gasson. The economics of part-time farming Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 194 Number: 354873 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354873 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354873/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4023_t1_0058_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354873 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Secondo Tarditi, Kenneth J. Thompson, Pierpaolo Pierani, Elisabetta Croci-Angelini. - Agricultural trade liberalization and the European Community Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 194 Number: 354874 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354874 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354874/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4023_t1_0059_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354874 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Table des auteurs 1989 Volume: 194 Number: 354875 Year: 1989 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354875 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354875/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1989_num_194_1_4024.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354875 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourgeois, Lucien Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Tirel, Jean-Claude Title: Remerciements Volume: 195 Number: 354876 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354876 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354876/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4025.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354876 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Editorial Abstract: Three organisms carried out studies on wheat costs of production in three regions where cereals production is quite important. Methods of calculation are not exactly the same but similar enough to compare the conclusions. Results showed a steady increase in total cost of production and since 1984 a decrease of the net income due to the sharp decrease of the price of wheat within EEC. It results from this, that capital and familly labour are no more payed for at their right value ; the consequence may be, in the future, the evasion of these factors towards other fields of activities. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 195 Number: 354877 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354877 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354877/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_5369.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354877 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Camaret, Denis Author-Name: Le Stum, Herve Author-Name: Murphy, Michael Author-Name: Petersen, Asmus Title: Les coats de production du ble tendre en East-Anglia, au Schlesswig-Holstein et en France Abstract: Poultry productions soared in the EEC during the thirty pas years. Together, in 1987, the twelve countries have produced more than 80 billion eggs and 5,8 million tons of poultry meat. But while the growth of international outlets has been stopped for some years, production has increased, mainly as a consequence of a greater per capita consumption and of increased exchanges between european countries. There is a geographical concentration, with poultry production concentrating in a smaler number of regions, where costs are lower. But the comparison of coasts is not easy with few and heterogeneous data. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 195 Number: 354878 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354878 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354878/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4026.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354878 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, Francois Author-Name: Sinquin, J.-P. Title: Developpement et competitivite des productions avicoles dans les regions europeennes Abstract: Costs of dairy production are investigated for herds grouped according to herd size and productive performance. Significant economies of size are found, especially in the use of labour. Optimum herd size is estimated, and it is found that in 1986-7 fewer than 25% of herds had exploited most of their potential economies of size. The implications for dairy policy are discussed. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 195 Number: 354879 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354879 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354879/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4027.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354879 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Burrell, Alison Margaret Title: Les coats de production laitiere au Royaume-Uni Abstract: This study analyses the dynamics of regional development which try to create local monopolies and to get a better value for these products than if they were commercialised on more competitive markets, owing to their high quality and image attached to their soil. The study concerns the cheese networks protected by an appellation controlee , in three european countries : Franche Comte, Auvergne, Emilia-Romagna. The conditions of production and the economic results of these regional systems, their general organisations, the means of their durability and finally their perspectives, especially in the context of the european economic policy, are analysed in this work. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 195 Number: 354880 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354880 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354880/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4028.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354880 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe Title: Les filieres regionales de qualite dans l'agro-alimentaire. Etude comparative dans le secteur laitier en Franche-Comte, Emilie Romagne et Auvergne Abstract: International farming systems comparisons must not be based only on structural or economical analysis (prices, costs...) but also on the social economical context. Thus, there is a social consensus upon the aims and logic of running a farm which is different from one country to another. The Dutch and French cases show that the steps toward farm management which are proposed by both advisary services are opposed. In France, it is an agronomical point of view which consists in enhancing selfproduced forage considered as the limiting factor of animal production. In the Netherlands, the optimal use of family labour is the goal. The combination of production factors (animals, bought or selfproduced feed...) depends upon the quest of an economical optimum. Non- soil production is then looked upon as a complementary means to an intensification of forage areas whose limits are rapidly reached. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 195 Number: 354881 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354881 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354881/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4029.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354881 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruffio, Philippe Title: L'intensification de la production laitiere : des logiques et des pratiques en Europe Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 195 Number: 354882 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354882 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354882/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4030.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354882 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bresson, Denis Author-Name: Gagey, D. Title: Industries agro-alimentaires : comparaison europeenne Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agribusiness Volume: 195 Number: 354883 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354883 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354883/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4032.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354883 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grosskopf, Werner Author-Name: Fanfani, Roberto Author-Name: Briz, Julian Title: Industries agro-alimentaires : approche par pays Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agribusiness Volume: 195 Number: 354884 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354884 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354884/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4033.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354884 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meizels, M. Author-Name: Acher, Olivier Author-Name: Briand, Herve Title: Couts de production dans le secteur cerealier Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 195 Number: 354885 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354885 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354885/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4034.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354885 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mainsant, Pascal Author-Name: Soufflet, Jean-Francois Title: Couts de production dans le secteur viande bovine Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 195 Number: 354886 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354886 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354886/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4035.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354886 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lauret, Frederic Title: Couts de production fruits et legumes et aviculture Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 195 Number: 354887 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354887 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354887/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4036.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354887 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Cyncynatus, Michel Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Author-Name: Caries, Roland Title: Comparaison des couts de production Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 195 Number: 354888 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354888 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354888/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4037.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354888 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas, Philippe Author-Name: Madec, Anne Title: A propos de l'ouvrage de G. Deshayes Logique de la cooperation et gestion des cooperatives agricoles Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 195 Number: 354889 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354889 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354889/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4039.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354889 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Denis R. Bergmann et Pierre Baudin. Politiques d'avenir pour l'Europe agricole Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 195 Number: 354890 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354890 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354890/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4040_t1_0050_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354890 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Michael Tracy. Government and agriculture in Western Europe 1880-1988 Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 195 Number: 354891 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354891 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354891/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4040_t1_0051_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354891 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Philippe Chalmin. Les assurances mutuelles agricoles : de la cotise au groupe Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 195 Number: 354892 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354892 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354892/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4040_t1_0052_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354892 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Jean Louis Boisante et Henri Jouve. L'enseignement agricole a l'horizon 2000 Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 195 Number: 354893 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354893 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354893/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4040_t1_0053_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354893 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Florence Weber. Le travail a cote. Etude d'ethnographie ouvriere Volume: 195 Number: 354894 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354894 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354894/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4040_t1_0054_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354894 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Bernard Picon. L'espace et le temps en Camargue Volume: 195 Number: 354895 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354895 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354895/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_195_1_4040_t1_0055_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354895 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Appel a communications - Session d'automne 1990 Volume: 196 Number: 354896 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354896 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354896/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4041.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354896 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cosse, Pierre-Yves Title: Le secteur agro-alimentaire dans le Plan Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 196 Number: 354897 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354897 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354897/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4042.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354897 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Choc de nations et competitivite dans l'agro-alimentaire europeen Abstract: World trade development leads to an increase of the chocks between countries. The confrontation between national economic policies is a determining factor of competition not only between firms, but also between nations. Only a higher degree of international cooperation could avoid the risk of break up resulting from the exarcerbation of this competition. This is particularly true in the field of agricultural trade, where national interventions are predominent. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 196 Number: 354898 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354898 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354898/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4043.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354898 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: Le challenge a Neuf des prises de marche dans l'agro-alimentaire intra-europeen (1973-1985) Abstract: The paper concerns the evolution of the intra-muros market shares in the european community during the period of the permanent working of the nine EEC countries. The mesoeconomic model makes use of the international two figures nomenclature, say 13 classes of food products and divides in three elements the variations of the sharing observed in the long run and linked with competition factors of offer, demand restructuration, mutual adaptation of both. The results show that countries with weak initial agronomic vocation, BRD, UK, are those which realized the greatest advance in the markets conquest while the countries regarded as the strongest of the Green Europe, France, Nederland, Danmark, had to drawback, the other partners keeping their respective seller situation. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 196 Number: 354899 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354899 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354899/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4044.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354899 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lambert, Frederic Title: L'agriculture europeenne est-elle competitive face a ses concurrents d'Amerique du Nord ? Une approche par les prix a la production Abstract: As far as prices paid to farmers are concerned, european agriculture is rather competitive with Northern America for essential commodities such as milk, sugar and wheat. On the contrary, it's quite disadvantaged on all the productions for feed. Thus, animal productions-especially hogs are strongly harmed by excess feed cost, although their own level of performance is good. More generally, the global trends show a reduction of the differences between the two groups of countries on all the products. The reforms which have been implemented by EEC since 1984 are thus clearly expressed. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 196 Number: 354900 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354900 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354900/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4045.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354900 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Corsani, Antonella Author-Name: Marquis, Anne Author-Name: Nefussi, Jacques Title: La restructuration des industries alimentaires dans les annees quatre-vingts (France, Italie, Royaume-Uni, RFA) Abstract: Financial concentration and internationalisation of food industry are the main facts of the eighties. Rationalisation of the working force is another caracteristic of the decade. During this period, financial and economical factors take the lead in the concentration process, overweighting technical factors. On an other hand, the end of the seventies shows a turning point in employment's evolution which had been stable during the thirty pressions years. But these trends in different sectors and countries vary accross countries, according to national specificities and the state of demand satiation. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 196 Number: 354901 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354901 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354901/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4046.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354901 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Me Corriston, Steve Title: Les deformations du marche europeen des inputs agricoles en matiere de concurrence Abstract: In spite of its importance to the agricultural sector, little attention has been given to the European agricultural inputs sector. This paper outlines the nature of the industrial organisation of two important constituents of this sector, the EC fertiliser and tractor industries. Specifically, the paper focusses on the prevailing market distortions in the EC fertiliser and tractor markets and the potential benefits to farmers following completion of the EC internal market in 1992. It is expected that farmers' welfare will increase following the removal of barriers to EC trade but the welfare gains will be more significant if the single market also promotes the rationalisation of these industries. However, given the structure and ownership of the fertiliser and tractor industries, it is suggested that further structural change is unlikely to occur and that the welfare gains to farmers will be limited mainly to the removal of existing non-tariff barriers in the EC. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 196 Number: 354902 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354902 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354902/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4047.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354902 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boudy, J.-Francois Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Author-Name: Barjolle, Dominique Author-Name: Hulot, Jean-Francois Title: L'influence des politiques economiques sur la competitivite Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 196 Number: 354903 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354903 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354903/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4049.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354903 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brum, Arnold Author-Name: Jurgen Sauer, Hans Title: L'influence des politiques economiques et sociales sur la competitivite Keywords: Public Economics Volume: 196 Number: 354904 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354904 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354904/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4050.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354904 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hayami, Yujiro Title: La Communaute rurale, le Marche et l'Etat Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 196 Number: 354905 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354905 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354905/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4051.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354905 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Title: Quelques reactions a l'article de David Harvey Faire face a la crise financiere agricole dans les pays industrialises : le cas de la CEE (In Economie Rurale, n 194) Volume: 196 Number: 354906 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354906 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354906/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4053.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354906 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Harvey, David Title: Reponse Volume: 196 Number: 354907 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354907 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354907/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_196_1_4054.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354907 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Author-Name: Barjolle, Dominique Title: La politique de la montagne en Suisse. Quelques enseignements pour la France Abstract: The swiss mountain policy plays an integral part in the national independence and neutrality of the Confederation. Its aim is to be nutritionally self sufficient (it reached as high as 64 % in 1983) to ensure the protection and the maintenance of territory and a sufficient population in the more remote regions. Without a specific policy adapted to include mountain territory which covers 70 % of the land and constitutes 37 % of the farms, these aims couldn't be achieved. The mountain policy defined in 1951 tries to maintain and encourage the family farms and to guarantee their income. This article analyses the aims, the methods and the results of this policy and it creates some examples for France. Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy Volume: 197 Number: 354908 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354908 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354908/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4055.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354908 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Becker, Jean-Jacques Title: Incidences budgetaires de nouvelles orientations de l'agriculture Abstract: The economic evaluation of new agricultural policies must be considered from a social economic point of view and in particular include budgetary aspects. This paper presents a methodology which quantifies budgetary impacts without carrying out a sophisticated modelisation, although a comprehensive representation of the economic phenomena could be obtained. The method is applied to crop farms and compares a production of bioe- thanol from wheat or sugar beet and a set-aside program to the production of wheat exported on the world market. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 197 Number: 354909 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354909 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354909/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4056.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354909 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Cyncynatus, Michel Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Title: Les avantages compares des agricultures europeennes Abstract: According to the ricardian international trade theory, it is the interest of the countries to specialize themselves in the productions where they have comparative cost-advantages. This paper, which relies on the results of a study of costs of production executed by the National Institute of Agricultural Research in connection with the EEC and the National Institute of Statistics and Economical Studies, tries to estimate if this theory can be verified in the European agriculture. The paper shows that if the agricultural specializations of the EEC member States are effectively in relation with their comparative cost-advantages, nevertheless, several factors weaken the correlation : "induced" specializations (for example barley by pig-production) ; gaps between costs and benefits in relationship with the system of prices ; differentiation of the products. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 197 Number: 354910 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354910 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354910/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4057.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354910 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carles, Roland Author-Name: Millet, Guy Title: Avantages compares des principales cultures dans les systemes de production agricole europeens (1979-1988). Une approche par l'estimation de marges a l'hectare Abstract: This study is part of a larger one, requested by EC, devoted to the production costs of the main agricultural crops. It is based on the idea that taking into account the gross margin per ha of crop can throw some lights on the substitutions, orientations and specializations under way in the European cash crops sector, which are summarized by an analysis of the evolution of arable land to the main crops in France, Germany, Italy and United Kingdom. For different crops, soft wheat, hard wheat, barley, corn, oleaginous crops, sugar beet and potato, gross margins have been estimated, for each of these countries, from an econometric model, based upon a multiple linear regression. Their influence on the behaviour of farmers when they plan their farming systems, is being discussed, beyond the impacts of prices and yields. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 197 Number: 354911 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354911 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354911/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4058.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354911 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: La notion de rural et les rapports ville-campagne en France. Des annees cinquante aux annees quatre-vingts Abstract: The important transformations of the french "rural space" and the different forms of reconstitution of rural economies and societies require new insights into the concepts of "rurality" and "countryside". The relevance of these categories of spatial analysis must be revisited, and we have to identify the consequences of the observed changes on the concepts themselves. On the one hand, the relation with the landscape and the agricultural activity is vanishing ; at the same time, the employment in secondary and tertiary activities is growing, and the residential function of this space is enhanced ; a complete reversal of the social representations appears. On the other hand, the relations of this "rural space" strongly re-emerge with the concepts of nature, milieu, and natural ressources, due to the rise of environmental concerns, and to the new valorisation of landscape in the thinking of spatial differenciation. Moreover, the prominent place taken by the concept of crisis in the analysis of spatial dynamics is introducing a new factor, with a tendancy to erase the rural/urban cleavage to the advantage of the concept of locality. We'll try to define the consequences of these contradictory moves on the possibility to identify new divisions of rural space, i.e. the new spatial categories resulting from these recompositions. We'll try also to compare them with the previous typologies, more often proposed without integrating the environmental dimensions. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 197 Number: 354912 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354912 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354912/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4059.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354912 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soufflet, Jean-Francois Title: Competitivite et strategies agro-industrielles dans la filiere viande bovine europeenne en constitution Abstract: In the French cattle and beef marketing system, the big slaughtering groups lead a strategy in which the main componants are : creating industrial units, innovation in products, preferential relations with the main groups of distribution, and new forms of restauration. The last stage in the constitution of the great european market open frontiers to pieces of meat, and industrial products, wich where initially confined in the national spaces. Then, what may be the new competition between industrial units at an european level ? Keywords: Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 197 Number: 354913 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354913 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354913/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4060.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354913 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boudy, J.-Francois Author-Name: Kervella, Marie-Claude Title: Les PAM touristiques en 1987 Volume: 197 Number: 354914 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354914 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354914/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4062.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354914 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Paul Houee. Les politiques de developpement rural, des annees de croissance au temps d'incertitude Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 197 Number: 354915 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354915 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354915/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4063_t1_0052_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354915 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Louis Lagrange. La commercialisation des produits agricoles et agro-alimentaires Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 197 Number: 354916 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354916 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354916/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4063_t1_0052_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354916 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: B. Pecqueur. Le developpement local. Syros, Alternatives Economiques Volume: 197 Number: 354917 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354917 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354917/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4063_t1_0053_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354917 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Eric Fottorino. La France en friche. Editions Lieu Commun Volume: 197 Number: 354918 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354918 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354918/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4063_t1_0055_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354918 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: B. Kalaora et A. Savoye. Les inventeurs oublies. Francois LE PLAY et ses continuateurs aux origines des sciences sociales Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession Volume: 197 Number: 354919 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354919 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354919/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4063_t1_0056_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354919 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Jean-Pierre Carriere. Les transformations agraires au Portugal. Crises, reformes et financement de l'agriculture Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 197 Number: 354920 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354920 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354920/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4063_t1_0057_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354920 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: P. et G. Pinchemel. La face de la terre Volume: 197 Number: 354921 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354921 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354921/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_197_1_4063_t1_0058_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354921 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Avant-propos Volume: 198 Number: 354922 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354922 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354922/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4064.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354922 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Title: Les differences de productivites des exploitations laitieres de plaine et de montagne Abstract: The natural conditions created by altitude carry with them large differences in the technico-economic results between farms in the moutains and farms in the plains. This article looks to evaluate them in the case of French dairy farms. Keywords: Productivity Analysis, Farm Management Volume: 198 Number: 354923 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354923 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354923/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4066.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354923 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnafous, Patrick Title: L'impact economique de la BST sur l'evolution de quelques systemes de production laitiere Abstract: The bovin somatotropin used as intensifying dairy production factor can improved the profitability of the farm. This study shows the economic interest of this innovation. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354924 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354924 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354924/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4067.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354924 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buisson, Michel Author-Name: Guglielmi, Michel Title: Qui gagne et qui perd au jeu des quotas laitiers. Une approche a partir de travaux conduits en Rhone-Alpes... Abstract: Besides the observations of the quotas-effects on farms and local agricultural economies, it has been brought out how local bodies and individuals haved worked together in relation to the quota national compromise, as it is one of the main features of the functioning dairy economy with the quotas. Keywords: Productivity Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354925 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354925 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354925/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4068.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354925 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Title: Couts marginaux et rendements d'echelle en production laitiere : perspectives quant a l'instauration d'un marche des quotas laitiers Abstract: a model for the possible market of milk quotas give some information about the equilibrium price, enven if the very strong neoclassical assumptions required about the determinants of the producer's behavior prevents us to predict correctly who will buy and sell quotas. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354926 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354926 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354926/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4069.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354926 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Danechvar-Kakhki, Mahmoud Title: Impact des prix sur la demande d'intrants. Une application a la demande de concentres dans l'elevage laitier Abstract: Linear programming methods and econometric methods are compared to estimate the demand response to price variations for concentrate feed in dairy production. The potential interest of using pseudo data is emphazised. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354927 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354927 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354927/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4070.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354927 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philippot, Jean-Baptiste Title: Strategies des laiteries et quotas Abstract: This study in industrial organization is a detailed analysis of strategies of dairies in western France faced with the new economic context during the first three years of limitation. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354928 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354928 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354928/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4071.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354928 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bardini, Thierry Title: Modele technique et innovations rurales. Le modele Roquefort 1950-1985 Abstract: Technical model and agricultural innovation; Case study of "the Roquefort Model, 1950-1985" The case study of the Roquefort ewe milk production modernization allows the settlement of a new analysis method of the technical change based on the "technical model" concept. Volume: 198 Number: 354929 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354929 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354929/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4073.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354929 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Causeret, Francois Author-Name: Chaalali, A. Title: Resultats des exploitations ovines en France. Un constat a partir du RICA Abstract: The decrease of mutton production in France and the difficulties of breeders during a few last years make necessary the analysis of sheep farms economic situation. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354930 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354930 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354930/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4074.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354930 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lagrange, Louis Author-Name: Hullo, Georges Title: La mise en place, le fonctionnement et l'utilisation d'un panel de consommateurs Abstract: The observation of the consumption of label cheeses in the Auvergne, in their production area, from a consumers' panel. Volume: 198 Number: 354931 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354931 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354931/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4075.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354931 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Hy, Anne Title: Le renouvellement des exploitations et de la population agricole en France, Italie, RFA Abstract: The comparison of the conditions of the transfer of farms and of the change of generation in three european agricultures shows three different schemes that are mainly depending on the types of arbitrations made between the economical interests of the "family" on the one hand and of the "enterprise" on the other hand. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 198 Number: 354932 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354932 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354932/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4076.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354932 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pernet, Francois Title: Differenciations des agricultures et differenciations spatiales : des correspondances Abstract: The formation of differenciated rural spaces lays the question of a suitable organization of rural activities and their links with nonagricultural activities. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 198 Number: 354933 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354933 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354933/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4077.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354933 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vallerand, F. Author-Name: Casabianca, Francois Title: Organisation des services et dynamisation de l'elevage extensif Abstract: Description of the extension service policy in Corsica, enable to allow a significative improvement in extensive animal production in Corsica Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries, Farm Management Volume: 198 Number: 354934 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354934 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354934/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4078.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354934 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vercherand, Jean Title: La question du developpement de l'elevage en Corse Abstract: Because of an human massive emigration, the corsican breeding system evolved to an extensive logic, characterized by an important decrease of the number of animals and a near stagnation of the physical yields. To day, this extensive logic is showing all its limits. Volume: 198 Number: 354935 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354935 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354935/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4079.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354935 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Chia, Eduardo Title: Analyse economique des relations entre les acteurs intervenant dans un systeme agraire soumis a des imperatifs nouveaux. Construction d'une recherche-developpement Abstract: Economie of the relations between actors of an agrarian system subject to new imperatives (water quality, nitrates, pesticides). Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 198 Number: 354936 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354936 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354936/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4081.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354936 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caneill, Jacques Author-Name: Capillon, Alain Title: Gestion de la qualite des productions vegetales au plan regional Abstract: The quality of sugar beet is determined by soils, climate and cultural practices ; it also is dependent on relations between Sugar Companies and farmers. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354937 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354937 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354937/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4082.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354937 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delahaye, Olivier Title: Marche foncier et structure agraire au Venezuela Abstract: The observation of Venezuelan agricultural land market, in concrete terms, explains how the transfe- rance of land operates from the peasants to the medium size farmers. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 198 Number: 354938 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354938 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354938/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4083.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354938 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jauneau, Jean-Claude Title: Politiques territorialisees et installation en agriculture. Evaluation de programmes locaux d'installation en Rhone-Alpes Abstract: In a context which is becoming worse, territorial procedures in favour of farming setting up (in Rhone- Alpes) have had quantitative and qualitative results, which are not spectacular, but draw interessant conclusions. Keywords: Farm Management Volume: 198 Number: 354939 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354939 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354939/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4084.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354939 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moisan, H. Title: Contribution methodologique pour l'approche locale du developpement agricole a differentes echelles de territoire Abstract: To identify the local determinants responsible for the diversity of farming situations at different spatial levels (from farms to groups of villages), three approaches are selected : the endogenous representation local actors- farmers and agricultural technicians - have of their environment ; the articulation of social network with the territory ; the sociotechnical analysis of farming activity. By crosschecks this method allows to establish diagnoses of the way the local agrarian system. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 198 Number: 354940 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354940 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354940/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4085.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354940 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zelem, Marie-Christine Title: Une etude des mutations foncieres sur longue periode Abstract: The computerization of communal records of transferts of property facilitates the systematic and exhaustive study of ownership patterns on a long period at the cantonal level. Keywords: Land Economics/Use Volume: 198 Number: 354941 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354941 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354941/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4086.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354941 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchet, Jacques Title: Les jacheres, moyen de reconcilier les interets de l'agriculteur et du contribuable europeens ? Abstract: Set-aside and better more production of ethanol-wheat may be, from a certain level of restitutions, in comparison with exports to third countries, more advantageous, as well for public authorities as for european farmers. Keywords: Agricultural Finance Volume: 198 Number: 354942 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354942 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354942/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4088.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354942 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catanzano, Joseph Author-Name: Lantz, F. Author-Name: Weber, Jacques Title: Adequation entre efforts de peche et ressource : le secteur public dans le secteur des peches Abstract: Analysis of the recent choices to apply the multiannual guidance programme for fisheries. We study the consequences of the EEC demand to reduce the fishing effort on the fishing fleet policy. Keywords: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy Volume: 198 Number: 354943 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354943 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354943/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4089.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354943 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chevassus, Emmanuelle Title: Le choix de la monnaie de facturation. Application aux echanges agricoles et alimentaires Abstract: In order to replace the common unit of account, operators develop billing rules, thus eliminating the need to negociate means of invoicing before each operation. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 198 Number: 354944 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354944 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354944/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4090.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354944 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Requillart, Vincent Title: Politique agricole et transformations industrielles des matieres premieres agricoles - Analyse de quelques scenarios Abstract: Cost/benefit analysis of some agricultural policy scenarios allowing a development of non food uses of agricultural production : methodology and results when a per hectare subsidy for energetic production is given. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 198 Number: 354945 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354945 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354945/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4091.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354945 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blogowski, Alain Title: Difficultes financieres et incidents de paiement Abstract: Bankrupcies are very rare in french agriculture, so the defaults of payment of farm lenders bring more information on the financial stress of farmers. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 198 Number: 354946 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354946 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354946/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4093.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354946 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colson, Francois Title: Difficultes financieres et viabilite des exploitations agricoles Abstract: The analysis of FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) results, with two indicators debt to asset ratio and net income after private expenses, show the 68 000 farmers (1 1 % of full time farmers) were in difficulties, 20 000 of which with very little perspectives of survival. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 198 Number: 354947 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354947 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354947/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4094.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354947 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dechambre, Bernard Title: L'evaluation de la procedure d'aide aux agriculteurs en difficulte de 1982 Abstract: A national programme to help farmers under financial stress was implemented in 1982. Five years after, many of the aided farms are still facing some financial difficulties. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 198 Number: 354948 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354948 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354948/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4095.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354948 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabre, Emile Title: Financement de l'agriculture : evaluation d'une politique de financement global Abstract: An accounting criterion was established to compare the savings of different types of farmers. Keywords: Financial Economics Volume: 198 Number: 354949 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354949 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354949/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4096.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354949 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heintz, Wilfried Title: Strategie des organismes de collecte et qualite : le cas du ble Abstract: The collecting and storage level has an important responsibility in defining wheat quality : individual attitudes towards quality have to be put in relation with the general strategies of the firms. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354950 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354950 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354950/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4098.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354950 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Huiban, Jean-Pierre Title: L'emploi salarie dans les industries agro-alimentaires Abstract: The analysis of sectorial labor markets, applied to the food industry case, shows the singularity of it, compared with the rest of industry, but also reveals the very deep heterogeneity among the sectors which compose this ensemble. Keywords: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Volume: 198 Number: 354951 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354951 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354951/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4099.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354951 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lebail, M. Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Qualite des produits agricoles et coordination dans les filieres agro-alimentaires Abstract: The elaboration of quality (definition, identification, production) for agricultural products is not mechanically controlled by the demand side, but is related to skill-acquisition processes and information exchanges with offerers. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 198 Number: 354952 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354952 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354952/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4100.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354952 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Letablier, Marie-Therese Author-Name: Boisard, Pierre Title: La modernisation des PMI Abstract: Coordination of investiment policy of small firms and its cohrence with the conditions required for innovation. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 198 Number: 354953 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354953 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354953/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4101.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354953 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sauvee, Loac Title: Dynamique des restructurations dans l'industrie avicole francaise Abstract: In today's context of the industrialization of the food trade, the restructurations of the poultry sector have led to the creation of fifteen industrial groups ; thus the conditions of the competition have completely changed. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354954 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354954 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354954/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4102.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354954 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chosson, Jean-Francois Title: Le savant et le militant : sciences sociales et associations rurales Abstract: From 1935 to 1985, the main rural associations made use of social sciences as technics in the service of militant or as knowledge object. Besides the scientific community, the determinative influence came from the modernizer group. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 198 Number: 354955 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354955 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354955/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4104.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354955 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petron, Alfred Title: Transfert de technologie, formation permanente et developpement des personnes dans le monde agricole Abstract: The farmer is a favorite target as regards the application of technology in the agricultural world. Further education for adults must help farmers to transform the technical progress into an economical and social one. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 198 Number: 354956 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354956 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354956/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4105.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354956 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Savy, Herve Title: Politique d'installation et elevation du niveau de formation des agriculteurs a compter de 1992 : quelles consequences sur l'offre d'education Abstract: The qualification required from young farmers will be up-graded from 1992 onwards. This implies changes in the training system. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 198 Number: 354957 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354957 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354957/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4106.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354957 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bousquet, Alain Title: Analyse micro-economique de la demande d'energie Abstract: We develop a theoretically consistent approach to estimate demand relationships when zeros expenditures occur. The empirical analysis consists of estimating a translog cost function for three energy inputs using a cross-section of individual French milk industries. Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 198 Number: 354958 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354958 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354958/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4108.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354958 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guyomard, Herve Author-Name: Mahe, Louis-Paul Title: Theorie du producteur en presence de rationnements : application aux quotas laitiers en Europe Abstract: This paper develops a model to analyze the producer behavior under rationing from the behavior without constraint. This model is applied to milk quotas in EEC. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354959 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354959 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354959/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4109.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354959 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hofstetter, Annie Author-Name: Jayet, Pierre-Alain Title: Representation d'un secteur de production agricole multi-producteurs. Une methode pour l'estimation des charges variables par culture Abstract: A set of models is proposed in order to estimate the effects of the measures of the CAP on the French crop supply. The modelling of the behaviour of each producer group needs a lot of data which are available after using some estimation tools and raw data. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354960 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354960 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354960/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4110.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354960 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquin, Emmanuel Title: Modelisation de l'organisation commune de marche de l'huile d'olive Abstract: Starting from a model of olive oil demand, the minimum expenditure for the community budget dedicated to this product can be established as a function of the quantity to be disposed of : the result is a key for its division between internal consumption and exports in favour of the former. One approach, which takes account of the marginal budgetary cost of every tonne disposed of, highlights the risks of an increase in production at constant support levels. Volume: 198 Number: 354961 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354961 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354961/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4111.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354961 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Roux, Yves Title: Modelisation des exportations francaises de ble tendre : estimation en desequilibre Abstract: High dependency of french soft wheat market on exports suggests to model the exports function and to quantify their shifters. Our approach resorts on disequilibrium econometrics. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries Volume: 198 Number: 354962 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354962 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354962/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4112.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354962 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tavera, Christophe Title: Causalite VS cointegration : le cas des cours mondiaux des produits du soja Abstract: When a set of variables are cointegrated, causal links among these variables are not always perfectly determined with usual causality tests. Cointegration tests are able to detect these causal relationships. The case of relationships among the world prices for soybean products is given as an example. Keywords: Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 198 Number: 354963 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354963 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354963/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_198_1_4113.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354963 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Prix et couts de production en agriculture Abstract: Because of the specificities of agriculture, agricultural production functions are basically homogenous and of degree 1, i.e., with constant returns to scale. Under such conditions, the neoclassical economic theory shows that, under competition, and in the absence of monopoly power, prices should equate production costs. The only possible departures from this arise because of risk (in which case, profits are derived from riskpremia) or because fixed factors are not valued at their opportunity cost. Keywords: Production Economics, Demand and Price Analysis Volume: 199 Number: 354964 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354964 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354964/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4119.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354964 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brossier, Jacques Author-Name: Chia, Eduardo Title: Pratiques agricoles et qualites de l'eau. Construction d'une recherche-developpement dans le cas d'un perimetre hydromineral Abstract: The authors examine some economic aspects of policies to control nitrate contamination resulting from agricultural production. In this case we have a private corporation (producing mineral water) and some farmers, trying to build a collective action with the technical and economical help of INRA. Together they build a research-action with a system approach. Keywords: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 199 Number: 354965 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354965 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354965/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4120.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354965 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buisson, Michel Author-Name: Guglielmi, Michel Title: Qui gagne et qui perd au jeu des quotas laitiers ? Une approche a partir de travaux recents conduits en Rhone-Alpes Abstract: Milk quotas have effects on farms which are all the more negative as technical skill are low, the size of the farm is reduced, the needs for growth are not satisfied, diversification is difficult, and the milk buyer exceeds his reference quantity. On local agricultural economies, their effects result from demographic, technical and economic structure of the producers and from the type and situation of the buyer. Besides these observations it has been brought out how local bodies and individuals haved worked together in relation to the quota national compromise, as it is one of the main features of the functioning dairy economy with the quotas. Keywords: Livestock Production/Industries Volume: 199 Number: 354966 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354966 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354966/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4121.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354966 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delord, Bernard Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Title: Dynamique des structures agricoles : exploitation ou famille Abstract: This article analyzes the dynamics of farms structures from a specific census processing ; in the same time it studies the evolutions of farms and the changes in families in France. The flow between kinds of farms or families maintains the heterogenity of structures. The evolution of farms (upholding, death, increase or decrease) are tightly linked to the evolution of families (number and characteristics of persons, line-up). Although they disappear more frequently, all kinds of small farms and small-scaled families (one person, part-time, retirement...) are renewed because of the declin of large farms and full families. Volume: 199 Number: 354967 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354967 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354967/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4122.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354967 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hulot, Jean-Francois Title: Les performances economiques des exploitations agricoles en zones defavorisees dans la CEE Abstract: Mountainous and less-favoured areas account for more than half the agricultural land of the Community, but only a third of potential production. Agricultural incomes are half those in other regions, because of size difference and less capacity to incorporate more production factors. Subsidies help to balance the situation, especially the compensatory allowances granted through the structural policy, but real parity is not achieved. Where possible, farmers supplement their income by non-agricultural activities. Over and above production, these farms play an important role which now seems to be gaining recognition in environmental protection and maintenance of the countryside. Volume: 199 Number: 354968 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354968 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354968/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4123.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354968 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquin, Emmanuel Title: Modelisation de l'organisation commune de marche de l'huile d'olive Abstract: Starting from a model of olive oil demand, the minimum expenditure for the community budget dedicated to this product can be established as a function of the quantity to be disposed of : the result is a key for its division between internal consumption and exports in favour of the former. One approach, which takes account of the marginal budgetary cost of every tonne disposed of, highlights the risks of an increase in production at constant support levels, particularly following the accession of Spain. A budgetary stabiliser acting on producer's support is conceptually defined. The opinion is that of the author and does not necessarily reflect that of the European Community. Volume: 199 Number: 354969 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354969 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354969/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4124.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pernet, Francois Title: Differenciations spatiales et differenciations sociales dans l'agriculture : des correspondances Abstract: After recalling briefly recent studies about relocation of activities in France, on the one hand, and studies about the increase of social differentiations within agriculture, on the other hand, this article elaborates on the hypothesis of a significant matching between different kinds of rural areas and specific logics of development which they would follow. Such a match could lead, to the differentiation of rural space in three socio-spatial groups : specialized rural production areas, depending on the agroindustrial sector, suburban areas becoming attractive and that could valorize the neighborhood of towns and industries, a deep rural area far from these dynamics and becoming marginal. Volume: 199 Number: 354970 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354970 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354970/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4125.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354970 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bourdon, Michel Title: L'agriculture : puissante locomotive ou simple locotracteur ? (A propos de l'article de Jean-Pierre Domecq dans le n 194, nov.-dec. 1989) Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 199 Number: 354971 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354971 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354971/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4127.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354971 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Domecq, Jean-Pierre Title: Reponse Volume: 199 Number: 354972 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354972 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354972/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4128.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354972 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Tiphaine Barthelemy et Florence Weber. Les campagnes a livre ouvert. Regards sur la France rurale des annees 30 Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 199 Number: 354973 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354973 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354973/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4129_t1_0051_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354973 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Jean-Regis Bonneviale, Roland Jussiau et Eric Marshall. Approche globale de l'exploitation agricole Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 199 Number: 354974 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354974 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354974/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4129_t1_0052_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354974 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Andre Brun, Jean-Claude Bontron, Jean-Marie Stephan (sous la direction de), Le Grand Atlas de la France Volume: 199 Number: 354975 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354975 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354975/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4129_t1_0052_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354975 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Bernard Kayser. Les sciences sociales face au monde rural. Methodes et moyens Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 199 Number: 354976 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354976 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354976/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4129_t1_0055_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354976 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Joseph Klatzmann et Fabienne Julien. Bientot 6 milliards d'hommes a nourrir Volume: 199 Number: 354977 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354977 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354977/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4129_t1_0056_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354977 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Marie-Claude Maurel. Les paysans contre l'Etat. Le rapport de forces polonais Volume: 199 Number: 354978 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354978 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354978/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4129_t1_0057_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354978 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Claude Reboul. Monsieur le capital et Madame la terre Volume: 199 Number: 354979 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354979 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354979/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4129_t1_0058_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354979 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Economie Rurale Title: Vincent Requillart (dir.). L'energie, un nouveau marche pour l'agriculture Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 199 Number: 354980 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354980 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354980/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_199_1_4129_t1_0059_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354980 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nallet, Henri Title: Preface "Economie Rurale n 200" Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 200 Number: 354981 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354981 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354981/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4130.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354981 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chombart de Lauwe, J.-B. Title: Remarques d'un octogenaire sur l'evolution de l'economie rurale Abstract: Although fairly brilliant during the 19th century, the french school of agricultural economics has been decoying during the first half of this century. It recovered after 1950. Nevertheless, many short comings are still present : not enough field trips, too much wording, insufficient concern with methodology. We need a new type of economic engineering in agricultural economics. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 200 Number: 354982 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354982 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354982/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4133.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354982 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Title: Propos d'un veteran Abstract: A clear distinction between food economics and rural economics would allow the clarification of the socio- economical analyses regarding agriculture. The intersectorial and spatial conjunctions between these three approaches in the context of social and economic development should allow the construction of a theory relating to agricultural agro-food and rural development. Volume: 200 Number: 354983 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354983 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354983/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4134.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354983 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klatzmann, Joseph Title: Ce qui m'a le plus frappe Abstract: The title of this paper suggests that the presentation will be a subjective one. What has struck me during the last four decades has been : the evolution of the notion of agricultural economics (from farm management to agricultural policy and even, to-day, the rural world and food consumption) ; the development of research, due to the tremendous increase of the number of agricultural economists, the increasing relations with linked sciences and the progress of statistics ; better statistics have, in particular, made possible the use of more and more mathematical models a favourable evolution, on the condition that the results of the use of models are not misinterpreted ; the criticism of what is called in French "productivism" (technical progress, in order to maximize labour productivity, without taking into account all its negative effects) ; the discussions about terminology, which have shown how difficult it is to define precisely even terms which are very commonly used. Finally, the search for themes, that have been overlooked, has led me to emphasize the need to develop scientific studies on the Third World, in order to prevent dogmatists dominating in this field. Volume: 200 Number: 354984 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354984 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354984/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4135.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354984 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Servolin, Claude Title: Economie Rurale Abstract: The author traces back the development of agricultural economics in France through his own personal history, first as a young executive in a newly established research center, then, latter on, as a political advisor of the ministry of agriculture. He tells his disarray in face of the paucity of available statistical figures, and of the narrow mindedness of the agricultural though during the fourties and the fifties. He explains how, with a few other young colleagues, he rediscovered the old debate on the legitimacy of the individual farm. He criticizes the exagerate importance of normative works, which, too often, are not based on a comprehensive economic analysis. Finaly, he evokes his implication in contemporary problems, especially, the definition of the role of the state in a market agricultural economy, a problem which is the key issue in the present Uruguay round GATT negociations. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 200 Number: 354985 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354985 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354985/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4136.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354985 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tracy, Michaal Title: Les economistes et la politique agricole Abstract: In most of the Member States of the European Community, economists have analysed and often criticised the CAP, especially as regards price support. French economists have contributed relatively little, outside their frontiers, to this activity, and have tended to concentrate on structural and social adjustments in French agriculture. This article pleads for a greater involvement of French economists in scientific work at the European and international levels. Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy Volume: 200 Number: 354986 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354986 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354986/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4137.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354986 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simantov, Albert Title: Quelques reflexions sur l'evolution recente de la pensee economique agricole Abstract: Under the pressure of the deep transformations of the economy, the dominant direction of the thinking in agricultural economics has been the concern to open up agriculture, to reduce its isolation and its specificity both from the conceptual and from the economic and social point of view. The globality of the economy, the internationalization of the market and the sustainability of the environment are increasingly present in any economic analysis and this analysis must be carried out to an increasing extent on a multidisciplinary way. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 200 Number: 354987 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354987 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354987/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4138.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354987 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mendras, Henri Title: La sociologie rurale de 1950 a 1990 Abstract: No such discipline as rural sociology did exist in France in 1950. Since thai time, it progressively emerged, in research institutions, and in the university. Nowadays, many specialists, coming from various horizons, are deserving this appellation. The decrease in agricultural population, and the new importance of environmental problems are going to give it a fresh start. Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development Volume: 200 Number: 354988 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354988 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354988/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4139.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354988 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kayser, Bernard Title: L'Etat francais dans son jardin Abstract: The country planning history during the last forty years can be divided in four phases. After a first period almost exclusively devoted to farming modernization, the finalizing of the main instruments for the rural development reaches its peak around the year 1970. The third period is, in the crisis context, one of budget scarcity. The last period, during the eighties, can be distinguished by the adjustments needed after the decentralization laws. Some progress has been made, but one is still waiting for the great project able to transform in depth the rural world. Volume: 200 Number: 354989 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354989 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354989/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4140.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354989 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lechi, Francesco Title: Reflexions sur l'evolution de la pensee economique agricole en Italie Abstract: Italian agricultural economists (EAI) have utilized both the mainstream economic and structuralist methods. This apart from the single ideological or personal positions. This comes from the historical tradition and the methodological coexistence which separates the contents from the methods of the analyses. The EAI appear higly individualists, with little inclination to group research. Some limits can derive from a minor attention to the problems of economic methods in the empirical analyses, both for the structuralist and the orthodoxe and quantitative researches. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 200 Number: 354990 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354990 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354990/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4142.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354990 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Schmitt, Ganther Title: Etat actuel et evolution de la recherche en economie rurale dans la Republique Federale Allemande Abstract: In Germany agricultural economics research has existed since the XVIIIth century. This activity, which was traditionally linked to university, expanded again around 1920, at which time the neo-classical theory was rediscovered. This new school, influenced by the researches achieved in the USA, has proved fertile and has grown richer with the progress of quantitative methods. Current research is focused on agricultural problems of Germany as an EEC member. The changes now occurring in Eastern Europe incite economists to study the agricultural economy and policy of these countries. It is now necessary for them to enlarge their theoretical knowledge by looking for a more international cooperation Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 200 Number: 354991 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354991 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354991/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4143.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354991 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nazarenko, V.S. Title: Evolution de la recherche en economie agraire en Union Sovietique Abstract: This article describes recent history of science of agricultural economics in the USSR. After a long interruption, research work on this subject began once again in the mid-fifties. Then it a network of 14 research agricultural economic institutes was created, and corresponding departments were opened in 102 agricultural colleges and some universities. Traditionnaly all this scientific institutions were mainly oriented to practical work for central and local agricultural authorities for purpose of economic analysis, drafting of plans, studying of cost of production, efficiency of capital investments and preparation of proposals for investment allocation and increase of farm procurement prices. But in the new political, social and economic situation during last years the direction and nature of scientific research work are changing. There are several lines of such changes : 1. Studies of farm property problems, which have become very acute, because of transformation ofcoilective and state farms, introduction of land rent system and peasant and farmer types of property. It is becoming not only academic, but also an very important practical issue, because of the necessity of preparing of new laws and government orders, regulating relation between peasants, a collective and state farms, and government agencies. 2. Methods of transformation of centrainly planned economy into regulated market economy. All this set of problems comprises price management, planning procedure, system of supply and marketing new credit and banking arrangements. 3. Problems of agrobusiness are becoming more and more important. It is connected with policy of reallocation of resources in fa vour of food processing and storage industries, new types of management of marketing, new managerial systems of agrobusiness companies. 4. The growing importance of human factor, migration of rural labor made it necessary to significantly increase studies in rural sociology. 5. Internationalization of USSR economy in world food system, trade, comparative economic development. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 200 Number: 354992 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354992 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354992/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4144.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354992 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: de Janvry, Alain Title: L'economie rurale aux Etats-Unis : etat actuel et perspectives Abstract: The United States agricultural economics profession remains very lively. This note identifies its specific organizational forms which have helped it maintain its vitality. The profession has recently been criticized for its increasing divorce from the problems of agriculture. Several means for striking a balance between theory, empiricism, and problem solving include the critical role of a professional organization and partial submission of the profession to the demand for its own services. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 200 Number: 354993 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354993 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354993/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4145.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354993 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Ogura, Takekazu Title: Les courants de pensee fondamentaux sur l'agriculture au Japon Abstract: The concept of agricultural fundamentalism emerged in the later period of the Tokugawa Shogunate was renewed in the early Meiji era, and had been predominated until the end of World War II. However, a new thought on the nation-building depending either on commerce and manufacture or on international trade had already come out even just before the Meiji Restoration. Since that time, this new thought had gradually earned a stronger national support during the long period before World War II. After the war, the policy for nation-building depending on international trade has become the principle for the development of economy, overwhelming the concept of agricultural fundamentalism. In terms of economic growth of the nation, a great success has been attained in the last decade. In short, Japan has become an economic power, while at the same time, her agriculture has begun declining. Now that economism is presently predominating in Japan. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 200 Number: 354994 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354994 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354994/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4146.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354994 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Vyas, Vijay Title: L'economie rurale en Inde : orientations et realisations Abstract: economists acquired a place of pride among social scientists their country and also among their peers in other parts of the world. They have distinguished themselves by their contribution to the country's agricultural and rural development policies. Two factors have contributed to the growth of this discipline ; (a) a very reputed professionnal association I. e. the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics (b) the Government's willingness to involve agricultural economists in the policy-making process. Three distinct streams can be distinguished among agricultural economists : the scholar-administrators during colonial and post-colonial period, the economists specialized in agricultural economics and the agricultural scientists trained in the agricultural universities created in the 1950's. The Indian Society of Agricultural Economics has succeeded in providing a strong intellectual leadership, in keeping together disparate groups of scholars. The high quality of its journal, the Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, has spurred young professional to reach a level of proficiency which can be compared to the contributions in very good international journals. Keywords: Productivity Analysis, Agribusiness Volume: 200 Number: 354995 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354995 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354995/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4147.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354995 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dumont, Rene Title: Evolutions recentes des recherches scientifiques en agronomie Abstract: After the second world war, increasing production was the main purpose of the french agronomic thought. This problem was a real one, but it is now solved. For the time being, we have to think the unresolved problems in the field : how to find a compromise between bio agriculture and intensive forming methods ? How to save energy ? Is there feasible production system (including forestry) in mountainous areas ? How to preserve the existing stock of animal and vegetal genes from uniformity ? How to avoid the detrimental consequences of the demographic explosion in developing countries ? How to develop tropical agronomic research ? Keywords: Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 200 Number: 354996 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354996 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354996/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4149.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354996 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Economie rurale et developpement Abstract: Since the time of decolonization, agricultural economists have played a significant, but not always determinant, role in the debates regarding the place of agriculture in economic development. Several phases can be identified in the evolution of these debates : from the promotion of community development through the green revolution and, later, integrated rural development, to the emphasis on structural adjustment policies. For the future, the current challenge facing agricultural economists is to respond to concerns raised by environmental issues. Keywords: Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies Volume: 200 Number: 354997 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354997 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354997/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4150.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354997 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piatier, Andre Title: L'agriculture dans la vie de la planete Abstract: At the end of the century, are fresch thinkings on the role of agriculture to be frought about ? For mille- niums, man hood domination has originated in its life and death power over species. Since about two hundred years, industrial revolutions have made peasants richer, but also crushed between customers and suppliers. To morrow, natural environment is likely to be threatened by men, as welle as mechanical or animal slaves congestion. Different modes of calculations in agronomy as well as in economics will be the only way for saving human hoodfrom disappearance. Keywords: Agribusiness Volume: 200 Number: 354998 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354998 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354998/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4151.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354998 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bairoch, Paul Title: La productivite agricole dans le monde depuis la revolution neolithique : ruptures et stagnations Abstract: If 1948 is the birth date of the SFER, and the starting point of a significant renewal in the french though as applied to agricultural economics, it is also the beginning of a fascinating period of technical progress in western countries agricultures, especially the French one. No similar situation never occured in human history. The coancidence is not fortuitous, for, obviously, the second of these two events impiged upon the first. This is why a few facts are to be recoiled before tackling the evolution of ideas. The most spectacular of them is the increase in the productivity of labour. Between 1950 and 1990, it grew more than between the neolthic revolution and 1950. This growth is more important in western than in thirld world countries, and in agriculture than in industry. Keywords: Agribusiness, Productivity Analysis Volume: 200 Number: 354999 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.354999 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/354999/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4152.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:354999 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Author-Name: Clerc, Francois Title: La SFER regarde sa revue. 200 numeros en 42 ans : quel bilan Volume: 200 Number: 355000 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355000 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355000/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4154.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355000 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barral, Pierre Title: "Les agriculteurs et la politique Keywords: Political Economy, Farm Management Volume: 200 Number: 355001 Year: 1990 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355001 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355001/files/ecoru_0013-0559_1990_num_200_1_4156.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355001 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barjolle, Dominique Author-Name: Chappuis, Jean-Marc Title: Coordination des acteurs dans deux filières aoc Une approche par la théorie des coûts de transaction Abstract: Regional supply chains of quality products (PDO for example) build up their strategy on differentiation. The analysis by means of Transaction Cost Theory (Williamson, 1975, 1985) of two supply chains of Protected Designation of Origin allows us to identify the advantages and the disadvantages of organization forms for the transactions from milk producers to retailers. It was not possible to calculate the economies of costs linked to the observed governance mode. This is one of the classical criticisms of this approach. Nevertheless, the analysis remains interesting for us because it highlights the various mechanisms of the transactions at the different levels of the supply chain. We stress that the microeconomic character of the approach is a limit to the analysis. Mesoeconomic elements such as cultural bonds between the actors or macroecomomic elements such as market power of large retailers must be considered if we want to explain the encountered governance structures. Volume: 258 Number: 355002 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355002 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355002/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5196.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355002 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raynaud, Emmanuel Author-Name: Sauvée, Loïc Title: Signes collectifs de qualité et structures de gouvernance Abstract: Common Labeling! Mechanisms of Governance! Hybrid Forms! Contractual Hazards! Producess organization! Volume: 258 Number: 355003 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355003 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355003/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5197.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355003 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giacomini, Corrado Title: L'Appellation d'origine protégée ajoute-t-elle de la valeur à un produit typique comme le «Parmigiano Reggiano»? Volume: 258 Number: 355004 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355004 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355004/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5199.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355004 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Birlouez, Eric Title: L'accompagnement régional, par le développement agricole, des démarches «qualité des produits» Volume: 258 Number: 355005 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355005 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355005/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5200.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355005 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pivot, Catherine Title: Analyse structurale d'une convention de qualité Volume: 258 Number: 355006 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355006 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355006/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5201.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mazé, Armelle Author-Name: Aubry, Christine Author-Name: Papy, François Title: La certification des exploitations agricoles Volume: 258 Number: 355007 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355007 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355007/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5516.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355007 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 258 Number: 355008 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355008 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355008/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_258_1_5202.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355008 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Knoeber, Charles Title: Les contrats de production dans l'agriculture américaine. Une caractérisation de la recherche empirique actuelle Abstract: While the production under contract used to hold a significant place in the American agriculture during many years, economists have recently shown a renewal of relevance of the study and the understanding of this phenomenon. The purpose of this essay is to define the existing empirical research concerning the production under contract in the American agriculture and to introduce some research issues for forthcoming studies. Volume: 259 Number: 355009 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355009 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355009/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5203.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Epagneul, Marie-France Author-Name: Mathieu, Nicole Title: Explorer le rôle des associations dans l'insertion et la création d'emplois en milieu rural Abstract: In order to evaluate rural associations' influence on problems of unemployment and test their reputation in creating employment and social insertion, several approaches have been experimented. Numerous and diverse are the associations acting in rural areas under the banner of " local development ". Based on different criteria (origin, purposes, function....), a typology has been first established. It shows that the old and " cultural " associations have introduced, in their targets, the fight against unemployment and exclusion, though the more recent ones born out of French decentralization and EU rural development programs, are less preoccupied by those problems. Then, through the analysis of an inquiry giving some quantitative information (number of employees, status of workers in a federation of 6 network associations) we have appreciated the direct role on rural employment. Volume: 259 Number: 355010 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355010 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355010/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5204.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355010 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rio, Patrick Author-Name: Causeret, François Author-Name: Andrieux, Patrick Author-Name: Dejean, Cyril Author-Name: Frot, Elisabeth Author-Name: Louchart, Xavier Title: Gérer la pollution par les herbicides: une simulation en milieu viticole méditerranéen. L'émission de polluants vue comme problème de décision Abstract: We investigate in a hydrologic-economic integrated model framework, how different incentive instruments aiming at regulating the emission of no-point source pollutants (herbicides) do have an impact on cultural practices. Based on multiparametric programming techniques, two combined tools are considered by the decision model: (i) positive and negative quality-based differentiation of the price of the products and (ii) positive differentiation and tax on the polluting inputs. Non-linear responses are observed, with a favorable environmental effect at the farm level when positive differentiation of the price is noticeable. However, this favorable response at the farm level results into poor performances at the watershed level, because the described incentive design does not include location-based devices. Volume: 259 Number: 355011 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355011 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355011/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5205.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355011 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piketty, Marie-Gabrielle Title: Espace et deforestation: Quelles conséquences pour le développement régional en Indonésie? Abstract: Will forests conversion and exploitation lead to Outer Islands economic development in Indonesia ? Core-periphery models allow to better understand why these regions development may remain limited. Moreover, a recursive general equilibrium model with transport costs is applied to an Indonesian province, which lead to discuss the compatibility of forest ecosystems sustainable management and regional development. Volume: 259 Number: 355012 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355012 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355012/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5206.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355012 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alary, Véronique Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Actualisation, risque et cacao. Les insuffisances de la théorie Abstract: Given observed prices, current rates of discount seldom produce positive present values for forest investments. Especially in LDC's, where rates of interest are high, a «rational» investor should remove trees, and plant annual crops. Yet, it is not unusual to find tree planting farmers. In order to explain such behavior, one is forced to admit that the preference to present against futures consumption is less important than assumed by current theory, and should perhaps be replaced by dynamic risk aversion. These remarks are illustrated by a survey and a multi-period model of Cameroon cocoa planters. It is shown that the predictions of current theory are not conformable with observed facts. On the other hand, by endogenously defining the rate of discount from risk consideration, a better fit to reality is obtained. Volume: 259 Number: 355013 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355013 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355013/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5207.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355013 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nkamleu, Guy-Blaise Author-Name: Coulibaly, Ousmane Title: Le choix des méthodes de lutte contre les pestes dans les plantations de cacao et de café au Cameroun Abstract: Pests! Pesticides! Plant Protection! Cocoa! Coffee! Multinomial Logit! Socioeconomic Factors! Cameroon! Volume: 259 Number: 355014 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355014 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355014/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5208.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chominot, Albert Title: Instruments de marchés anti-risque et garantie des prix agricoles Volume: 259 Number: 355015 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355015 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355015/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5517.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355015 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger, Claude Title: L'agriculture européenne face aux enjeux internationaux, Jacques Blanchet, Alain Revel Volume: 259 Number: 355016 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355016 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355016/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5210_t1_0088_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355016 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Les interventions décentralisées en agriculture, Marielle Berriet-Solliec Volume: 259 Number: 355017 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355017 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355017/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5210_t1_0089_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 259 Number: 355018 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355018 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355018/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_259_1_5211.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355018 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 260 Number: 355019 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355019 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355019/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1104.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355019 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Author-Name: Facchini, François Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Author-Name: Pivot, Catherine Title: Introduction Volume: 260 Number: 355020 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355020 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355020/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1105.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355020 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lorvellec, Louis Title: Droit rural et fait Abstract: This article focuses on the relations between Law and Facts. Instead of bringing a new theory of law or a new method to discover how to improve the efficiency of a particular statute or regulation from a social or an economical analysis, this article tries to explain the French legal system for agriculture as the most formal form of a political speech aimed at reflecting a honorable image of the French rural society. The real purpose is not to shape and frame agriculture but both to express with taboos and myths the traditional urban perceptions of this society and to transform the scientific standards into social schemes of behavior. Volume: 260 Number: 355021 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355021 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355021/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1106.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355021 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Commaille, Jacques Title: Transformations du droit et de l'action publique Abstract: Putting together changes, respectively in the field of law and public policy, in relation with the transformation of the statute of State and of the mode of government, gives the opportunity of a new approach of the juridical and political regulation, specially in the field of agriculture, and suggests new perspectives of theorization. Volume: 260 Number: 355022 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355022 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355022/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1107.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355022 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Title: Être et avoir. Patrimoine versus capital : le cas de l'agriculture Abstract: The legal organization of the farm may be viewed as the relative movement of two institutions: the firm (ensuring the growth of a capital) and the family (presiding over a patrimony designed to secure its long-term survival). An analysis of the farm lease legal regulations, of the policy with regard to farm structure and farm entry, and of the operating principles of the CAP, reveals the emergence of a capital rationality in contrast to the per-existing patrimonial logic, accompanied by the submission of the firm to a patrimonial finality. This research brings out the lack of consistency characterizing the concept of patrimony in economic analysis, echoing its individualizing reduction at the level of legal concept. Volume: 260 Number: 355023 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355023 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355023/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1108.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355023 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanchemanche, Sandrine Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Author-Name: Mouriaux, Marie-Françoise Author-Name: Peskine, Elsa Title: Multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture et statuts d'activité Abstract: The new French Agricultural Law passed in 1999 confirms the government's determination to acknowledge the multi-functional role of agriculture and to subject the granting of an increasing proportion of public financial transfers to respect of environmental and employment objectives. These new orientations pose questions regarding the growing mismatch between the changing activity situations of individuals and the reference model that still grounds the different legal frameworks (civil, social, fiscal...) which serve to define the status of people exercising an agricultural activity. Volume: 260 Number: 355024 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355024 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355024/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1109.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355024 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boy, Laurence Title: Contrat agri-environnemental: aide ou rémunération? Abstract: Agri-environmental measures, specially agri-environmental contracts, have been analyzed as an «alibi», concealing in fact an act of benevolence issue from the Administration and therefore as subsidies without any counterpart. This survey tries hard to refute such an analysis from the legal notion of the sufficient and valuable consideration ant to demonstrate that agrienvironmental «subsidies» constitute the price for services promised by the farmers. So they cannot be considered as technical trade barriers condemned by the wro rules. Volume: 260 Number: 355025 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355025 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355025/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1110.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355025 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bascourret, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Delaplace, Marie Author-Name: Gaignette, Antonin Title: Éléments de réflexion relatifs à l'interaction entre réglementation et structures industrielles Abstract: This paper is part of a research program. The aim of this program is to identify the structural and strategic determinants which are likely to influence the industrialization of an innovation (starch based biopolymers used in packaging) in two countries, France and Germany. In this paper, we focus on one determinant, the regulation. More precisely, the aim of this paper is to present some theoretical considerations about the link between regulation and industrial structure. We intend to put forward that it is very difficult to analyze the impact of regulation on industrial structures because regulation is building by strategies of actors in the same time than industrial structures. Volume: 260 Number: 355026 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355026 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355026/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1111.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355026 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicourt, Christian Author-Name: Girault, Jacques Author-Name: Bourliaud, Jean Title: Les odeurs d'élevages: textes, conflits et négociations locales Abstract: From now, the space within agriculture is producing, is considered as ambivalent, between private and public. Thus, bad smells are unacceptable. This reject is so hard as near as populations seem to discover industrial agriculture and its effects. Then, the lack of texts, as regulation means, increase resentments and conflicts. With an approach limited to husbandries waste smells and referins to fieldwork located in Dordogne, we developed the hypothesis that legal inefficiency taking care of smell problem lead to a non formal management, with find today its limits in a recombined rural space. Volume: 260 Number: 355027 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355027 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355027/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1112.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355027 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hudault, Joseph Title: L'exploitation agricole individuelle en droit français et communautaire Abstract: Despite an increasing shift towards different types of company holding over the past few years, in particular in the form of Gaecs (Groupement agricole d'exploitation commune), Earls (Exploitation agricole à responsabilité limitée) and Sceas (Société civile d'exploitation agricole), individual family type agricultural holdings (considered by some as undertakings) still make up 85 % of the total number of farms. This phenomenon needs to be analyzed. Given the fact that farming mentalities remain attached to the farming model as laid down in the 1960 framework Agriculture Act (article 2, family type holding structure, 2 person-work units), which the most recent framework Agriculture Act (1999) has not modified, it would be appropriate to think again about the necessity of the recognition of a status with legal universality (universum jus) for this majority type of holding. Decisions handed down by the Highest French Court show small signs of change in several rulings of the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. A fiscal approach, as recommended by the European Committee of Agricultural Law, appears to be best way of addressing this difficult problem, by discreetly enabling the law to serve as a framework for agricultural policy and economics. Volume: 260 Number: 355028 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355028 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355028/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1113.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355028 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boinon, Jean-Pierre Title: La propriété des droits à produire : une comparaison France - Royaume Uni Abstract: The different links which exist, in France and in the United Kingdom, between the landed property and the farm, influence the management of the dairy quotas and the rights to premium. The French landowners have a logic of conservation and transmission per heritage of their real estate which is opposed to the logic of their British counterparts which manage their inheritance according to a model of firm. Dairy quotas and the rights to premium are regarded to the United Kingdom as attributes of the firm and their marketing is possible. In France, the position of the landowner is weakened by the regulation of the tenant farming and the strongest autonomy of the farm towards the landed property. Volume: 260 Number: 355029 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355029 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355029/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1114.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355029 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gaignette, Antonin Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Title: Coopératives: la fin d'une forme institutionnelle? Abstract: During the post-war boom years, the agricultural co-operation distinguished itself from the cooperatives of other sectors by developing into an institutional form of monopolistic competition serving small agricultural businesses. Indeed, the agricultural co-operation has all the characteristics of an institution (a social legitimacy defined by its mission to modernize and its capacity to direct its agents behavior). This article provide an historical context for this institutional structure. In the economic arena following the three decades of post-war boom, the political strategies designed to shape economic operations became less central. Consequently, the co-operation would be called upon to continue as a legal organization, but at the cost of losing its foothold as a sectorial institutional structure. Volume: 260 Number: 355030 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355030 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355030/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1115.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355030 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larrère, Raphaël Title: La loi sur la protection des espèces sauvages : des mesures inefficaces, inadéquates... et pourtant bien utiles Abstract: A nature protection act has been enacted in France on July 10, 1976. The rationals behind protecting endangered species (based on anthropologie, biocentric, or ecocentric considerations) are first discussed. Then, one indicates the reasons for why the enforcement of this law is both sociogolically infeasible, and ecologicaly inefficient. Ironically, if it had any positive effects on nature protection, the reasons lie mostly in unintentionnal consequences of the regulations it imposes. First, naturalists, whose former interest in their personal collections led to a predatory behavior, were induced to self restraint. Then, beyond the protection of endangered species, it was mainly used to protect the corresponding ecological niches, which is its main benefit. Volume: 260 Number: 355031 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355031 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355031/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1116.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355031 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pivot, Jean-Marc Author-Name: Aznar, Olivier Title: Acquisition foncière et environnement: le cas de la protection d'un captage d'eau potable Volume: 260 Number: 355032 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355032 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355032/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1118.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355032 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delahaye, Olivier Title: Le foncier agricole et le droit aux États-Unis: des origines de l'économie institutionnelle au Post Consensus de Washington Volume: 260 Number: 355033 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355033 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355033/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1119.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355033 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Author-Name: Boinon, Jean-Pierre Title: Analyse des instruments d'orientation de l'agriculture départementale Volume: 260 Number: 355034 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355034 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355034/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1120.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355034 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Éric Brousseau, Jean-Michel Glachant (sous la direction de) : Économie des contrats: bilan et perspectives Volume: 260 Number: 355035 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355035 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355035/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1121_t1_0155_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355035 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 260 Number: 355036 Year: 2000 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355036 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355036/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_260_1_1122.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355036 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lacombe, Philippe Title: Editorial Volume: 261 Number: 355037 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355037 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355037/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5212.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355037 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Introduction au dossier Volume: 261 Number: 355038 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355038 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355038/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5214.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355038 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Les politiques agricoles et rurales dans les régions: une nouvelle organisation des pouvoirs publics en Europe? Abstract: A growing régionalisation of the EU member states combines with the European integration process to develop new forms of "multi-level governance ". In the field of agricultural and rural policies, the article analyses the new patterns of the relation between EU and regions policies, and consequently the possible prospects of Europe-regions driven agricultural and rural policies. EU integration and regions autonomous policies have been closely related through changes in the CAP and rural development programs (structural funds) based on European norms and subsidies, which results in both policy levels supporting each other with a decrease in the traditional role of central state. But this process cannot be simply analyzed as a continuous move of institutions towards a functional and necessary "modernization ", for several reasons: risks of cohesion problems; a lack of correlation between regional policy creativity and political autonomy; growing difficulties in defining and defending national policies in the most decentralized member states. Volume: 261 Number: 355039 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355039 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355039/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5215.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355039 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel, Karine Author-Name: Maillard, Laurent Title: Politiques agricoles et localisation des productions dans l'Union européenne La déconnexion des marchés Abstract: We analyze the impact of the evolution of the demand location on the location of agricultural productions within the European Union. The developed empirical analysis is based on theoretical works led in geographic economy field. The agricultural productions tend to concentrate near the demand to minimize the access costs to the market. The location of productions strongly supported by the Common Agricultural Policy program is less dependent on transport costs. These productions (milk - bovine meat and cereals) are less concentrated geographically than the others products. Volume: 261 Number: 355040 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355040 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355040/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5216.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355040 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pecqueur, Bernard Title: Qualité et développement territorial: l'hypothèse du panier de biens et de services territorialisés Abstract: This paper seeks to define a model of supply of goods and services anchored in a territory in a composite and specific form. This model combines the characteristics of the supply of goods per batch or set (bundling) and those of an offer of products of quality anchored in a soil of the type of the products labellized by a Controlled Label of origin. The type of offer which appears is called "basket of goods and services territorialized". Such a model results from an institutional construction which brings together on the scale of a territory various producers of goods or private services and the producers of local public goods. The supply of goods of basket can constitute a strategic objective for public policies of local development. Volume: 261 Number: 355041 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355041 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355041/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5217.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355041 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sébillotte, Michel Title: Des recherches en partenariat « pour » et « sur » le développement régional à I'INRA Volume: 261 Number: 355042 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355042 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355042/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5219.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355042 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guigou, Jean-Louis Title: Une nouvelle pensée territoriale Volume: 261 Number: 355043 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355043 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355043/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5220.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355043 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Quelques articles déjà parus sur les problèmes agricoles à l'étranger Abstract: The European import banana market has been regulated through a Common Market Organization (ocmb) since 1993. Condemned by the World Trade Organization (mo) in 1997 after four Latin American countries and the United States complained, the European Union had to modify the ocmb for January 1999. But the new regime made immediately the object of a new complaint by the United States and Equator, and was condemned in April 1999 by the WTO, because some points of the new regulation did not conform with WTO conclusions in 1997. The article aims to precise the positions of the different actors during this last debate. Conclusions of the panel in 1999 and the last proposition of the ue are analyzed as well. Volume: 261 Number: 355044 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355044 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355044/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5525.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355044 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laroche-Dupraz, Catherine Title: Vers une nouvelle réforme de l'organisation commune de marché de la banane Abstract: Sharecropping is usually explained by a trade-off between tenant's risk aversion and incentives (standard Principal-Agent approach) or between agency costs under various market imperfections, and with risk-neutral agents (transaction costs approach). This Mexican case-study illustrates a situation where contractual rationales refute the standard Principal-Agent model and where share- cropping can be analyzed as a resource pooling device, but without any major role given to moral hazard in contractual choice. In this situation, sharecropping features a partnership rather than agency relationships. Volume: 261 Number: 355045 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355045 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355045/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5222.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355045 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin, Jean-Philippe Author-Name: Bouquet, Emmanuelle Title: Le métayage comme partenariat. L'arrangement a médias dans la Sierra Madré orientale Abstract: In this study we use a multimarket model to evaluate the effects of free trade according to the agreements made at the Uruguay Round regarding free trade of agricultural products between Tunisia and the European Union. We present different trade policy experiments and we show the resulting changes in the goods prices and their supply and demand in Tunisia. Our results indicate that free trade policies reduce subsidies and thus create more efficiency in production. However it is shown that wheat production and consumption go down considerably if we totally suppress consumer subsidies. Intermediate steps are therefore recommended. Volume: 261 Number: 355046 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355046 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355046/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5223.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355046 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghazi, Boulila Author-Name: Khedhiri, Sami Title: L'impact agricole de la libéralisation des échanges entre la Tunisie, l'UE et le monde Volume: 261 Number: 355047 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355047 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355047/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5224.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355047 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berthelot, Jacques Title: Débat: La mystification du découplage des aides agricoles Volume: 261 Number: 355048 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355048 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355048/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5225.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355048 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquet, Florence Title: Les cacaoculteurs camerounais face aux risques. Essai de modélisation, Véronique Alary Volume: 261 Number: 355049 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355049 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355049/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5226_t1_0113_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355049 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertrand, Nathalie Title: Activités agricoles et agro-alimentaires et développement local Volume: 261 Number: 355050 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355050 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355050/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5226_t1_0114_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355050 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 261 Number: 355051 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355051 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355051/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_261_1_5227.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355051 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lupton, Sylvie Title: Sécurité environnementale et sanitaire : les biens controversés Abstract: Scientific controversies concerning environmental and health impacts of a good leads us to revisit the nature and status of quality uncertainty on goods' characteristics in economics. Up to now, three types of goods have been established : experience goods, search goods, and credence goods. Quality uncertainty shared by all agents in a market allows us to propose a new class of goods : controversial goods. Volume: 262 Number: 355052 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355052 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355052/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5228.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355052 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Remy, Elisabeth Title: Natura 2000 : une expertise partagée Abstract: The effect of the directive is to make the decision from a scientific point of view reversible because it is always possible to turn back, and, also, to give a frame to certain decisions and to stop the proliferation of debates because it deals with the very elements of nature consolidated by various normative processes. Instead of the fragile balance of any social négociation, the process of identification of sites prescribes a "cognitive frame ".. Volume: 262 Number: 355053 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355053 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355053/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5229.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355053 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grolleau, Gilles Title: Management environnemental et exploitation agricole Abstract: We describe and analyze the IS0 14001 standard by considering its implementation in farms. We identify some opportunities and barriers for developing environmental management systems on French farms. Lastly, we propose some strategies to overcome the barriers and to encourage the adoption of environmental management systems on farms. Volume: 262 Number: 355054 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355054 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355054/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5230.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355054 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guérin, Marc Author-Name: Vollet, Dominique Title: Évaluation des politiques régionales: l'élevage dans un contrat de plan État-Région Abstract: The use of a partly novel approach emphasizes the sharp contrast in policy efficacy according to the type of objective targeted. Policy is relatively efficacious in economic terms but is much less so for the environment and for rural and regional planning. Lastly, by improving a markedly one-sided information flow, the assessment played a non-negligible part in repositioning certain agencies. Volume: 262 Number: 355055 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355055 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355055/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5231.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355055 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanselme, Franck Title: Entre sciences sociales et sens commun: La «ruralité» dans les Maisons familiales rurales Abstract: The concept of "rurality" is divided between common sense ans social science. It is the expression of the existence of a true intellectual coproduction between the two forms of knowledge. The first one, that is to be linked with the "Maisons familiales rurales", is to take on its relation to the (changing rural) world and to itself; a bric-a-brac made up of, among other things, the discourse of social science, is then used. The second one objectivizes a knowledge in which its own analyses are constantly taken over again and become full part of ways of understanding that members of that institution use: therefore it contributes to partly produce the object it analyses. Volume: 262 Number: 355056 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355056 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355056/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5232.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355056 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Compagnone, Claude Title: Pratiques d'ingénieurs et identité de l'Institut de l'Élevage Abstract: This article studies the conceptions and constructs of technicians in the husbandry institute. From the emergence of needs among breeders to the formulation of responses, social interactions among executive staff and technicians are shown to play a role in choosing the jobs undertaken by the institute. These interactions are accounted for in light of the organizational characteristics of the institution, and the social characteristics of the agents involved. Volume: 262 Number: 355057 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355057 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355057/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5233.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355057 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupressoir, Sophie Title: Changements organisationnels et libéralisation La commercialisation du riz au Mali Abstract: The aim is to understand the organizational mechanisms underlying the liberalization of rice trade in Mali. The theoretical frameworks of complex systems. Economics of conventions and "Economies de la grandeur" are used to develop a model of trade systems. Using a set of date collected from firms we identify different arborescent trade systems which differ from their temporal horizons and their goals. Volume: 262 Number: 355058 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355058 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355058/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5234.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355058 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupraz, Pierre Author-Name: Léon, Yves Author-Name: Pech, Michel Title: Soutien public à l'agriculture et au développement rural: l'équité introuvable? Volume: 262 Number: 355059 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355059 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355059/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5236.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355059 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 262 Number: 355060 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355060 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355060/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5237.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355060 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Classification JEL Volume: 262 Number: 355061 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355061 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355061/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_262_1_5238.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355061 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mangematin, Vincent Author-Name: Torre, André Title: Création et développement de pme dans le secteur des biotechnologies: le cas français Abstract: Based on a survey on French biotech SMEs in France, this article analyses the different development trajectories of biotech SMEs. The typology is based on the main internal characteristics of firms and on the way in which they manage their environment Four trajectories are described: success stories represent only a minority of firms. A large majority of small independent SMEs are growing but not sky rocketing. Firms are mostly subsidiary companies to large groups involved in agri and agrobusiness. The last group is composed by firms which have bee bought out after an independent start up. Volume: 263 Number: 355062 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355062 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355062/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5239.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355062 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mollard, Amédée Title: Qualité et développement territorial: une grille d'analyse théorique à partir de la rente Abstract: In this paper, we try to build a grid of analysis of the territorial development starting from the theory of rent. A series of criteria must be observed in reality and collected together in a synthetic matrix so that are generated various forms of rents: territorial rent due to the valorization of specific resources on certain spaces ; quality rent related to the emergence of quality products or services; rent of territorial quality, when all these elements interact. After a clarification of the contextual reasons for returning to the concept of rent and a justification of its relevance when it is applied to quality and territory, two theoretical filiations of the rent theory - the ricardian one, then the marshallian - are approached in order to show that they are complementary from the point of view of relationship between quality and territorial development and can be combined as a grid of theoretical analysis of territorial development Volume: 263 Number: 355063 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355063 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355063/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5240.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355063 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paoli, Jean-Christophe Title: Politique globale et développement local: une lecture institutionnaliste du développement rural sarde Abstract: An Italian national act on the settlement of rural tenancy in whole Italy, dating from 1971, led to a spectacular and unexpected development of dairy ewe activity in Sardinia. Institutionalism allows to interprète this case as a rule selection, made operational by local social groups, in order to solve a conflict between shepherds and landlords, that was limiting regional development. Volume: 263 Number: 355064 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355064 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355064/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5241.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355064 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Avilés Benitez, Anastasia Title: Gestion des ressources naturelles et viabilité des exploitations agricoles. Le cas de l'agriculture de dehesa en Andalousie Volume: 263 Number: 355065 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355065 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355065/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5242.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355065 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouliquen, Alain Title: Russie: la nouvelle question agraire Volume: 263 Number: 355066 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355066 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355066/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5243.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355066 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorin, Bruno Author-Name: Pingault, Nathanaël Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Formation et répartition des gains de productivité dans l'agriculture indienne. 1980-1996 Abstract: 1980-1996 Since the early 1980s, India has been self sufficient in cereals thanks to the Green Revolution initiated fifteen years earlier and to the public support it received. This paper characterizes the established situation and examines how it has evolved by using the Surplus Accounting Method which measures the formation and the distribution of productivity gains in the agricultural sector. Volume: 263 Number: 355067 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355067 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355067/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5244.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355067 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Djato, Kouakou Kra Title: Crédit agricole et efficacité de la production agricole en Côte d'Ivoire Abstract: Although there is an intense debate in Côte d'Ivoire about the opportunity of creating a bank to finance the agricultural sector, no scientific research has tackled the issue thoroughly to serve as a basis of policy choice. This paper attempts, to some extent, to circumvent this insufficiency. It shows that access to credit can increase peasants economic efficiency in rice production. Since peasants all have the same allocative efficiency the difference in economic efficiency is attributable to the credit-induced difference in technical efficiency. Thus, access to credit is an important stimulus to agricultural growth. After an historical review of financial institutions and their relation to agriculture in Côte d'Ivoire we recommend a change in the management of these institutions and the creation of a new agricultural bank. Volume: 263 Number: 355068 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355068 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355068/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5245.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355068 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Author-Name: Le Pensec, Louis Author-Name: Malassis, Louis Author-Name: Méhaignerie, Pierre Title: Autour d'un ouvrage: Politique agricole: un modèle européen de Louis-Pascal Mahé et François Ortalo-Magné Volume: 263 Number: 355069 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355069 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355069/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5246.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355069 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Unknown Title: Denis Barthélémy, Jacques David, L'agriculture européenne et les droits à produire Volume: 263 Number: 355070 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355070 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355070/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5247_t1_0118_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355070 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salançon, A. Title: Rémi Mer, Le paradoxe paysan. Essai sur la communication entre l'agriculture et la société Volume: 263 Number: 355071 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355071 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355071/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5247_t1_0122_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355071 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Unknown Title: Franck Sanselme, Les Maisons familiales rurales. L'ordre symbolique d'une institution scolaire Volume: 263 Number: 355072 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355072 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355072/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5247_t1_0124_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355072 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Title: Martin Angel, La nature a-t-elle un prix? Critique de l'évaluation monétaire des biens environnementaux Volume: 263 Number: 355073 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355073 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355073/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5247_t1_0126_0000_3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355073 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 263 Number: 355074 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355074 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355074/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_263_1_5248.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355074 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 264-265 Number: 355075 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355075 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355075/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5249.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355075 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: Introduction Volume: 264-265 Number: 355076 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355076 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355076/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5250.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355076 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guilhon, Bernard Title: Vers de nouvelles configurations productives: les entreprises globales Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the firms' globalization process from the point of view of organization. In this line, the notion of global commodity chains points out the organizational transformations seen in practices in which outsourcing is proéminent. The cross-border-production-networks are the organizational design convenient to divided value chains. These latter are subject to a shifting process of the added value to the intermediary products. Volume: 264-265 Number: 355077 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355077 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355077/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5252.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355077 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coelho, Alfredo Manuel Jesus Oliveira Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: Globalisation du marché du vin et stratégies d'entreprise Abstract: The purpose of this research is to describe and explain the wine market globalization phenomena. By analyzing the structural trends of market behavior - production, consumption and exchanges - and the main characteristics represented by the emergence of new producing countries, the authors point out the levels of concentration of the industry in some countries and the impact on the strategic orientation of the enterprises. Based on the concept of «asset specificity», several strategic groups and the strategic map of the industry are proposed. The need to proceed to a hierarchy of supply side assets led to identify the main expected scenarios Volume: 264-265 Number: 355078 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355078 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355078/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5254.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355078 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D'Hauteville, François Author-Name: Perrouty, Jean-Philippe Author-Name: Schaer, Burkhard Title: Nationalité et préférence gustative du lait. Une expérience auprès de consommateurs allemands et français Abstract: The authors question the links between culture and preferences for food. Through an experimental blind test on milk with German and french consumers, they show that respondents show significantly a preference for local milks. The authors conclude that practitioners should pay attention to local taste variations in their international product policies. The research suggests a validation of nationality as a variable which may enter as a synthetic and explicative factor of sensory preference for food. Volume: 264-265 Number: 355079 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355079 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355079/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5255.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355079 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fort, Fatiha Author-Name: Couderc, Jean-Pierre Title: Le terroir: un avantage concurrentiel à l'exportation? Le cas des entreprises agro-alimentaires du Languedoc-Roussillon Abstract: In the new forms of competition which characterize the "agro-food" sphere today, the strategic axis of differentiation by the way of the "soil" reference in SMEs (Small and Medium-sized firms) seems to offer new opportunities worth to investigate. We shall show in this article that the territorial anchoring of the food-produce companies of Languedoc Roussillon constitutes a key factor of success for their national and international markets development. The results obtained from a research conducted in the field of agro-food enterprises in Languedoc Roussillon show some evidence of a better performance of exports for products with a 'soil reference'. These findings show the relevance of a strategic coordination between a localization of production and a global market approach developed by agro-food SMEs. Volume: 264-265 Number: 355080 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355080 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355080/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5256.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355080 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albert, Pierre Author-Name: Martin, Michel Title: Transformation des formes organisationnelles des firmes. Une application à l'industrie des vins et spiritueux Abstract: This paper rely on previous research issues in which the «organization form» notion was used to bring out firm varieties in wine and alcoholic beverage industry. The object of this paper is to show that a global measure of firms specificity can be achieve from the organizational form stability criterion and to test the relationship specificity-integration. Volume: 264-265 Number: 355081 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355081 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355081/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5257.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355081 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruffio, Philippe Author-Name: Guillouzo, Raymond Author-Name: Perrot, Pascal Title: Stratégies d'alliances et nouvelles frontières de la coopérative agro-alimentaire Abstract: This document is based on the analysis of 70 alliances established between 1987 and 1999 by the cooperatives of the Brittany region. It analyses the consequences of this strategy on the agro-food cooperative boundaries. It shows the emergence of new cohesion forms regarding the business, geographical, strategical and governing dimensions. Their control represents a key challenge for the future of the co-operative system. Volume: 264-265 Number: 355082 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355082 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355082/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5258.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355082 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frayssignes, Julien Title: L'ancrage territorial d'une filière fromagère d'AOC. L'exemple du système Roquefort Abstract: This article intends to study the evolution of the relationships between an old cheese industry - Roquefort - and its territory. In spite of deeply divergent logics and recurrent crisis, the economic and institutional pereniality of this system is a reality. In accordance with us, the territorial footing of the industry is a foundation of its pereniality, so, this complex notion must be clarified, notably in order to highlight its numerous dimensions. Volume: 264-265 Number: 355083 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355083 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355083/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5259.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355083 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saives, Anne-Laure Author-Name: Lambert, Annie Title: Territorialisation et organisation des IAA: l'exemple du processus d'approvisionnement Volume: 264-265 Number: 355084 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355084 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355084/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5261.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355084 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Macias, Adolfo Alvarez Title: Dynamiques organisationnelles de la filière laitière d'Aguascalientes, Mexique Volume: 264-265 Number: 355085 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355085 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355085/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5262.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355085 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marchesnay, Michel Title: Le paradoxe global/local au gré des capitalismes Volume: 264-265 Number: 355086 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355086 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355086/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5264.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355086 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rio, Yves Title: Vers une «globalisation» limitée des filières? Volume: 264-265 Number: 355087 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355087 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355087/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5265.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355087 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rastoin, Jean-Louis Title: Anne-Lucie Raoult-Wack, en collaboration avec Guy Paillotin, Dis-moi ce que tu manges Volume: 264-265 Number: 355088 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355088 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355088/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5266_t1_0137_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355088 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fourcade, Colette Title: Pierre Veltz, Le nouveau monde industriel Volume: 264-265 Number: 355089 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355089 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355089/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5266_t1_0139_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355089 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 264-265 Number: 355090 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355090 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355090/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5267.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355090 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Isabel Title: Hommage à Jean Chombart de Lauwe Volume: 264-265 Number: 355091 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355091 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355091/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5268.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355091 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Title: Hommage à Louis Lorvellec Volume: 264-265 Number: 355092 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355092 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355092/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_264_1_5269.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355092 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 266 Number: 355093 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355093 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355093/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5270.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355093 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larrère, Raphaël Title: Introduction. Les citoyens et les OGM ou les OGM et la démocratie Volume: 266 Number: 355094 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355094 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355094/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5272.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355094 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joly, Pierre-Benoît Title: Les OGM entre la science et le public? Quatre modèles pour la gouvernance de l'innovation et des risques Abstract: This paper presents four models for the governance of innovation and risks, based on different views of the public and of science. These models address two key issues in current policy debates: the question of public participation and of the management of uncertainty. These models are used to highlight the difference between the transformation of the use of scientific expertise for public decision-making which occurred in the US in the 70's and ongoing developments in the European Union. Volume: 266 Number: 355095 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355095 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355095/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5273.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355095 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Noussair, Charles Author-Name: Robin, Stéphane Author-Name: Ruffieux, Bernard Title: Comportement des consommateurs face aux aliments «avec OGM» et «sans OGM»: une étude expérimentale Abstract: In this paper we study the French consumer behaviors with regard to the use of genetically modified organisms in the food supply. We report the results of an economic experiment in which we elicited willingness-to-pay information for products that contained gmo's and others that were GMO-free at various thresholds. A well established European survey reveals public opinion on the same subject. Participants in both the experiment and the survey were a demographically representative sample of French urban households. We find that actual consumer behavior exhibits a lower level of hostility toward GMO's than that suggested by the survey. Volume: 266 Number: 355096 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355096 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355096/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5274.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355096 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvander, Bertil Author-Name: Leusie, Marc Title: La déqualification des OGM aux yeux des consommateurs: des attitudes aux conceptions Abstract: In the current framework of food industry, recent crisis show that agriculture is less and less «qualified» in the eyes of consumers. In the meanwhile, high quality supply chains (as red label, organic farming or designations of origin) resist quite well. An hypothetic «ogm less» supply chain seems not to be feasible, as it has to face a deep crisis of consumer's opinions towards agriculture and technology. Thus, what needs to be better analyzed is less consumer's attitudes or representations than their basic conceptions. This approach taken from the theory of pedagogy states that consumers shape real theory about the world. Those conceptions have to be transformed by learning in order to contribute to a basic solving of the problems. They are here analyzed out from the results of a consumer survey carried out in June 1999 in the framework of a aqs project (French government's Food, Quality and Safety Program). Volume: 266 Number: 355097 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355097 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355097/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5275.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355097 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marris, Claire Title: La perception des OGM par le public: remise en cause de quelques idées reçues Abstract: Two types of results about public perceptions of GMOs are presented. On the one hand, focus groups were used to study perceptions of GMOs among «ordinary citizens». In parallel, visions about the public held by actors engaged in the GMO controversy were also studied through interviews, participant observation and document analysis. In addition to the value of the results obtained separately from members of the public and from the actors, the comparison of these two components sheds new light on the subject of public perceptions of risk. The results suggest the persistence of a certain number of myths about the public which are shared among numerous actors but which are not supported by our analysis of the expression of citizens in the focus groups. Volume: 266 Number: 355098 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355098 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355098/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5276.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355098 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Araujo Bonjean, Catherine Author-Name: Brun, Jean-François Title: Les politiques de stabilisation des prix du coton en Afrique de la zone franc sont-elles condamnées? Volume: 266 Number: 355099 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355099 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355099/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5278.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355099 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Belhaj Hassine, Nadia Author-Name: Thomas, Alban Title: Aversion au risque et décisions de production: l'agriculture irriguée en Tunisie Abstract: This paper presents a multi-output production model that explicitly incorporates farmer risk aversion and its influence on agricultural production and land allocation decisions. The model is used to evaluate the role of irrigation water price on agricultural land allocation, output supply, and irrigation water demand in the area of Nabeul, Tunisia. Estimation results highlight the role of irrigation water policy on cropland allocation decisions, and the importance of farmer risk aversion in production decisions. Volume: 266 Number: 355100 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355100 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355100/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5279.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cordier, Jean Title: Assurance, marchés financiers et politique publique Volume: 266 Number: 355101 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355101 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355101/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5281.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Assurances et marchés à terme: similitudes et différences Volume: 266 Number: 355102 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355102 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355102/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5282.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albouy, Isabelle Author-Name: Debar, Jean-Christophe Title: OMC: le diable est dans la boîte orange Volume: 266 Number: 355103 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355103 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355103/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5284.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 266 Number: 355104 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355104 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355104/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5285.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Réferées 2001 Volume: 266 Number: 355105 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355105 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355105/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2001_num_266_1_5286.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Author-Name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe Title: Editorial Volume: 267 Number: 355106 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355106 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355106/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5288.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthews, Alan Title: Les pays en développement et les négociations de l'OMC sur la libéralisation des échanges agricoles Abstract: This article discusses the interests of developing countries in the mo negotiations. First, they seek meaningful improvements in market access for their agricultural exports. Second, they seek greater equality of outcomes between developed and developing countries particularly in the use of domestic supports. Third, meaningful concessions on special and differential treatment will be necessary to satisfy the interests of both developing country exporters and food importers. Fourth, innovative and reliable guarantees will need to be provided against the risk of world price volatility. Volume: 267 Number: 355107 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355107 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355107/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5290.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Borzeix, Véronique Author-Name: Marette, Stéphan Title: Les effets indirects des monopoles en matière de protection et de subvention Abstract: This article analyses the State Trading influence on international trade. After the presentation of some data regarding both imports and exports, the Canadian Wheat Board role is detailed. Then, the main effects of State Trading enterprises for the exports are introduced. We insist on mechanisms that determine both export and domestic prices. The equivalence between the pooling price promoted by these organizations and the export subsidies are underlined. Volume: 267 Number: 355108 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355108 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355108/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5291.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra Author-Name: Dartigues, Karen Author-Name: Réquillart, Vincent Title: Réforme de la politique laitière européenne et nouvelles négociations de I'omc Abstract: This paper analyses different scenarios of dairy policy reform in the European Union using a dairy spatial equilibrium model. It focuses on scenarios combining trade liberalization and changes or abolishment of the milk quota system. This study gives some insights for the design of dairy policy reforms in the EU. Volume: 267 Number: 355109 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355109 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355109/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5292.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chevassus, Emmanuelle Author-Name: Unguru, Manuela Title: L'élargissement de l'union douanière européenne aux pays d'Europe centrale et orientale Les enjeux pour les échanges agricoles et alimentaires des pays-tiers Abstract: By the ceecs accession to the EU, the eu will enlarge its custom union. This implies both the adoption by the new incumbents of the Common external tariffs and the negotiation at the wro of a common list of commitments. The aim of this paper is to estimate, by the use of the Armington assumption, the likely changes in agro-food trade flows and the potential market access compensation issues when enlargement takes place. Volume: 267 Number: 355110 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355110 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355110/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5293.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gallezot, Jacques Title: Accès au marché agricole et agro-alimentaire de Tue Le point de vue du négociateur à I'omc et celui du douanier Abstract: Reality of tariff rules in the European market differs considerably from what is negotiated in the wro. This situation leads to estimate an actual level of protection under the most favored nation regime larger than what eu notified to the wro (24 % against 19 %). However the true degree of EU market access has to take into account the preferential access to provided to emerging countries. According to our computations, around half of agricultural and farm-products are imported within preferential agreements. Therefore, the overall level of EU protection (including tariff and non tariff barriers) is sharply lower (9,7 %) than what appears in the multilateral agreements only. Volume: 267 Number: 355111 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355111 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355111/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5294.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Macé, Anne-Gaëlle Title: Le système américain de sécurité des aliments: science, précaution et réponse aux demandes sociales Abstract: The international trade negotiations concerning food products are a battlefield for the European Union and the United States, at the center of which is the question of the acknowledgment of the precautionary principle. The aim of this article is to understand the arguments of the American negotiators by studying their national food safety system. The article first describes the system's main guiding principles and what are the institutions involved in food safety. Then, it focuses on a surprising provision. The Delaney Clause, which was enacted in 1958, sets a zero tolerance standard for food additives that contain carcinogenic substances. Being in contradiction with the main principle of the system -that is the requirement of a sound science basis, this text seems to be the best example of the situations where the United States also take public opinion's demands into consideration Volume: 267 Number: 355112 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355112 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355112/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5295.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arnaud, Charles Author-Name: Giraud-Héraud, Eric Author-Name: Hammoudi, Hakim Title: Barrières fiscales et commerce international: l'exemple des vins et spiritueux Abstract: The alcoholic beverage is a good example for non tariff barrier policies. In this sector, countries increase the difficulties for entrance of imported products, mostly for food safety reasons which arise from consumption of alcohol. This paper bring to light to the main role of the specific taxes for consumption, showing how an harmonization of these taxes could be accepted by different countries. Volume: 267 Number: 355113 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355113 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355113/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5296.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonny, Sylvie Title: Le succès des cultures transgéniques aux États-Unis: facteurs agro-économiques et perspectives Abstract: Looking at the case of herbicide-tolerant soybean, this paper examines the agro-economic factors contributing to its rapid adoption in the USA. Firstly, data is presented on the transgenic crops cultivated around the world and in the USA. Then the paper examines agro-economic factors explaining the rapid spread of glyphosate tolerant soybean in the USA. It also takes up its various environmental and health aspects. Lastly, the prospects of transgenic crops are examined, taking into account outlet issues due to the suspicion of GMOs in some importing countries. Volume: 267 Number: 355114 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355114 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355114/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5297.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin, Catherine Author-Name: Piot-Lepetit, Isabelle Title: La viande bovine en France Modélisation micro-économique et dynamique de l'offre Abstract: This article focuses on the dynamics of beef supply response in the French beef sector. The objective of this paper is to provide a model of beef supply response within a dynamic microecono- mic framework. The aim of this model is the understanding of cattleman decisions and the assessment of how the behavior of beef producers is sensitive to changes in production prices and to changes in premiums. In particular, this paper studies how the beef supply response is modified when various exogenous variables like prices or policy instruments are changed. Volume: 267 Number: 355115 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355115 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355115/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5298.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Doussin, Jean-Pierre Title: Du bon usage des négociations internationales concernant les réglementations sanitaires et techniques des aliments Volume: 267 Number: 355116 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355116 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355116/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5300.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Le modèle agricole européen est-il acceptable par les pays-tiers? Volume: 267 Number: 355117 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355117 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355117/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5302.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 267 Number: 355118 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355118 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355118/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_267_1_5303.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Author-Name: Loyat, Jacques Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Introduction Volume: 268-269 Number: 355119 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355119 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355119/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5304.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahrens, Heinz Author-Name: Lippert, Christian Title: Politiques agricoles comparées de l'Allemagne et de la France Abstract: This article seeks to survey the evolution of the French and German agricultural policy positions from the creation of the EEC to the negotiations on the Agenda 2000. The fact that France favored price cuts while the Federal Republic pleaded for quantitative restrictions, is explained taking into account the differences in the economic and natural conditions of agriculture in the two countries. Finally, account is taken of the new agricultural policy concepts resulting both from the German reunification and from the change in the French government in 1997. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355120 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355120 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355120/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5306.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Agriculture et industrie agro-alimentaire françaises Abstract: The economic performance of French agriculture and of the agri-food sector during the last fifty years, particularly the growth of exports, has generally been a great success. Yet public intervention in this sector remains controversial. A new social contract, including multiple and diverse dimensions, is in the process of being formed. But the consensus on it is still shallow. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355121 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355121 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355121/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5307.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kroll, Jean-Christophe Title: Nouvelles orientations de la politique agricole française: quelques questions à propos du contrat territorial d'exploitation Abstract: The new french farm bill of July 1999 aims to improve the multifonctionnality of agriculture and put forward for this purpose a new purview called the «Farming Territorial Contract» (ftc). The comparison between the objectives announced in the bill, the effective implementation and the noted results of FTC leads to put any basic questions about the trends of french and European agricultural policies. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355122 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355122 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355122/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5308.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tangermann, Stephan Title: Le cycle du millénaire de I'omc et l'avenir de la politique agricole commune Abstract: The new mo agricultural Round should deepen the liberalization movement which was initiated during the Uruguay Round.h participating Countries widely agree with the new wro rules, they may have very different views of wro's future. The EU will be put under pressure in order to cut its subsidies to agricultural exports. When adopting Agenda 2000, it has made a big step in that direction for grain markets but for other products, there is still much to be done. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355123 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355123 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355123/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5309.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Title: Décentralisation et politique agricole en France Abstract: This article sets out the main reasons which can explained political and administrative decentralization in the 80's in France and points up the development of agricultural supports at departmental and regional tiers. First we identify these supports and propose an analyses of their grounds. We stress the evolution of agricultural subsidies towards integrated rural measures. Then some assumptions about evolution of the roles of sub- national government in the agricultural sector follow. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355124 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355124 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355124/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5311.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thoroe, Carsten Title: Répartition des compétences de politique agricole entre Lander, État fédéral et Union européenne Abstract: In Germany the various governmental levels (federal government, federal states, municipal authorities) form a sturdy "network". In the field of agricultural policy this networking is superimposed by the incorporation of the EU. Against the background of changed underlying conditions for integration and increased integration of European agriculture in world trade, the extensive transfer of agricultural policy responsibilities of the EU is in need of revision. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355125 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355125 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355125/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5312.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehl, Peter Author-Name: Plankl, Reiner Title: Politique des structures agricoles et programmes agri-environnementaux en RFA Abstract: In Germany, agricultural structure policies are formulated within an institutional framework associating the National State, the federated States (the Sanders) and the European Union. This institutional framework is conceived as a double interlocked federalism; it is criticized by a theory which considers it prevents the development of accurate policies as it has a strong tendency to lower conflicts and to favor status quo ante. This article, based on an empirical analysis of the agricultural structure and the agri-environmental policies in Germany, gives results which moderate the predictions of the theory. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355126 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355126 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355126/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5313.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Title: Économie patrimoniale et répartition des moyens de production dans l'agriculture française Abstract: Farm structure policy and administrative management of production rights in France play a significant part in the distribution of the means of production in agriculture. This common patrimonial management, implemented by farmers and their representatives, limits the usual field of activity of market economy, in order to promote principles of equality between farmers of the same generation and solidarity between generations. This play between patrimonial economy and market economy, here highlighted in the case of France, is at work by other ways in Germany and United Kingdom. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355127 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355127 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355127/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5315.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Doll, Helmut Author-Name: Fasterding, Ferdinand Author-Name: Klare, Klaus Title: Droit d'héritage, droit du fermage et contrôle des structures agricoles en Allemagne Abstract: According to the prevailing inheritance regulations, respectively the laws of inheritance for agricultural property, heirs to farms are favored in Germany because one heir takes over the entire property whereas the retreating heirs are often compensated with relatively small sums of money. This can contribute to take over without sharing competitive farms but also farms without any chance of development, what will delay structural change of farm size which is necessary for the improvement of competitiveness of agriculture. On the other hand, the prevailing laws for the selling of agricultural land as well as the law of land lease and land lease transaction do not obstruct agri- structural change, because they are only used carefully. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355128 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355128 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355128/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5316.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piot-Lepetit, Isabelle Author-Name: Brümmer, Bernhard Author-Name: Kleinhanss, Werner Title: Régulation environnementale et efficacité des exploitations en Allemagne et en France Abstract: This paper develops a methodology dealing with desirable and undesirable output asymmetrically which is used to evaluate the impact of agri-environmental policy, both in France and Germany, on the technical and environmental efficiency of arable farms with a nitrogen surplus. Results highlight only few possibilities of environmental improvements, mainly for farms included in agrienvironmental programs. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355129 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355129 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355129/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5317.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Körner, Julia Author-Name: Weiss, Christoph R. Title: Le cycle des profits en économie agro-alimentaire: comparaison internationale Abstract: Based the structure-conduct-performance-approach the present paper analyses determinants of pricecost-margins over the business cycle for food industries in Germany, the USA as well as the Netherlands. Controlling for market structure variables, cyclical fluctuations in profitability are interpreted as evidence for changes in firm behavior. The econometric panel data models reveal procyclic fluctuations of profits on highly concentrated industries in Germany. In contrast, profitability in competitive industries in Germany as well as in all US-food industries are found to be more stable over the business cycle. This observation is explicable in terms of a more aggressive behavior of firms in boom periods. The econometric model does not adequately explain industry differences in profitability in the Netherlands. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355130 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355130 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355130/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5318.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Author-Name: Rueda, Cristina Author-Name: Vounouki, Eleftheria Title: Multifonctionnalité et égibilité aux aides pac dans I'ue Abstract: European agricultural policies emphasize the need to take into account the multifonctionality of agriculture, and reflect objectives concerning employment and the preservation of the economic and social texture in rural areas. These new policies grant new importance to farms which are part of complex systems of activities (pluriactivity, etc.). A comparison of regulations governing conditions of eligibility for four types of direct paiements in five countries (Germany, Spain, France, Greece and the UK) reveals a real change of the standards of occupational practice taken into account in the economic aid for agriculture. Yet, this trend is ambiguous and can also be interpreted as a step towards deregulation of the labor market. This could result in an increasing number of precarious jobs. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355131 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355131 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355131/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5320.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chateluer, Vincent Author-Name: Kleinhanss, Werner Title: Agenda 2000 et modulation des aides directes de la pac en Allemagne et en France Abstract: The horizontal measures of Agenda 2000 (article 4) opens the possibility to the member states to implement a modulation of the compensatory payments. A comparative analysis of the development of direct payments from 1991 to 2008 between farms in France and Germany and of their modulation is assessed within this study. Based on data of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (fadn), this work includes the specification of simulation models for the assessment of Agenda 2000 and of the French scheme of modulation. Volume: 268-269 Number: 355132 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355132 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355132/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5321.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 268-269 Number: 355133 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355133 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355133/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_268_1_5322.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piketty, Marie-Gabrielle Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Conséquences possibles de la libéralisation des échanges de sucre: deux modèles et leurs réponses Abstract: Price volatility and protectionism are main features of the world sugar market The assumptions, results and limits of two models of the world sugar market are analyzed. Taking into account the consequences of price volatility on agents decision making may radically change expected results of sugar trade liberalization, underlying the need to improve supply functions representation in models used during wro negotiations. Volume: 270 Number: 355134 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355134 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355134/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5323.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Candau, Jacqueline Author-Name: Ruault, Claire Title: Discussion pratique et discussion stratégique au nom de l'environnement. Différents modes de concertation pour définir des règles de gestion des marais Abstract: Two dialogue plans, distinguished by their participants and the modal of discussion, were launched in 1990 in CharenteMaritime about the marsh management. They have produced various results: le- legitimization of collaboration relations on one hand, formulation of a technical problematic on the other hand. These results are complementary to further define new action rules. But their difficult linking questions the conditions to consider the practitioner's knowledge, and the possibilities to fit the plans to the discussions progress. The evolving and pragmatic nature of the plans proved a condition to have a productive dialogue about ideas. Volume: 270 Number: 355135 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355135 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355135/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5324.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hommel, Thierry Author-Name: Godard, Olivier Title: Trajectoire de contestabilité sociale et production d'OGM à usage agricole Abstract: This article develops an interpretation of voluntary early action of firms in regard to potential collective risks affecting health and the environment. The paper explores what happened to agricultural GMOs industry in France since the early nineties. Empirical observations are interpreted on the basis of the model of proactive Management of contest ability, which explores the economic conditions under which an anticipated threat of social protest, although just potential, can discipline firm's behavior effectively. The situation of the GMO's producers in 2001 is interpreted as a result of partial and unsuccessful attempts to settle such a management of contestability. Volume: 270 Number: 355136 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355136 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355136/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5325.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Risoud, Georges Author-Name: Parguel, Pierre Title: Renforcement des conditions de production laitière dans les aoc fromagères dites « de plaine »: le cas de l'Époisses Abstract: The Syndicat de Défense de l'Epoisses' has promoted a reflexion, between local cheese makers and milk producers, on the conditions of milk production in the Époisses supply chain. This work contributed to install new, strong and durable relationships between these partners. The method used on the field to elaborate the new rules of production, was proposed by the 'Institut de l'Elevage'. It was mainly based on a precise analysis, conducted by the farmers, of their daily actions to herd the cattle and to produce the milk. The first results help strengthening the typicality of the cheese of Époisses; more over, the integration of the supply chain in its environment, reinforce the social legitimacy of the producers of milk and of cheese. Others cheeses, under Protected Designation of Origine, which presently carry on such reflections, should take advantage of this experience. Volume: 270 Number: 355137 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355137 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355137/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5326.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: La nouvelle loi agricole américaine. Quelles leçons tirer du revirement idéologique qu'elle illustre? Volume: 270 Number: 355138 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355138 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355138/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5328.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cochet, Hubert Author-Name: Devienne, Sophie Title: Premières réflexions sur la mise en place des contrats territoriaux d'exploitation dans le département de la Meuse Volume: 270 Number: 355139 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355139 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355139/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5329.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Quotas et marchés à terme: similitudes et différences Volume: 270 Number: 355140 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355140 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355140/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5331.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Priolon, Joël Title: Quotas et marchés dérivés : des différences radicales Volume: 270 Number: 355141 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355141 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355141/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5332.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: André Pochon, Les sillons de la colère: la malbouffe n'est pas une fatalité Volume: 270 Number: 355142 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355142 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355142/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5333_t1_0098_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Rémi Mer, Le paradoxe paysan. Essai sur la communication entre l'agriculture et la société Volume: 270 Number: 355143 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355143 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355143/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5333_t1_0098_0000_7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Jean-Philippe Colin, Eric W. Crawford, Research on Agricultural Systems: Accomplishments, Perspectives and Issues Volume: 270 Number: 355144 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355144 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355144/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5333_t1_0101_0000_4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 270 Number: 355145 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355145 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355145/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_270_1_5334.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Priolon, Joël Author-Name: Roudart, Laurence Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 271 Number: 355146 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355146 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355146/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5335.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vermersch, Dominique Title: Introduction Économie, Éthique... Éthique économique: mariage de convenances ou mariage de raison? Volume: 271 Number: 355147 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355147 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355147/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5336.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brague, Rémi Title: Entrée en matière La nature, demeure éthique? Volume: 271 Number: 355148 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355148 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355148/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5337.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leseur, Alexia Title: L'État face à la répartition de ressources publiques entre entreprises. Un éclairage à partir des théories de la justice Volume: 271 Number: 355149 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355149 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355149/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5339.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy, Alexis Title: L'influence des cultures du risque sur l'expertise scientifique. Le cas des ogm Volume: 271 Number: 355150 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355150 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355150/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5340.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hottois, Gilbert Title: Éthiques, sciences et sociétés: pour de nouvelles figures de dialogue Volume: 271 Number: 355151 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355151 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355151/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5341.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dupraz, Pierre Author-Name: Vermersch, Dominique Title: Méditations environnementales autour du phénomène «Bové». La non-violence à l'épreuve de la nature Volume: 271 Number: 355152 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355152 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355152/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5343.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahé, Louis-Pascal Author-Name: Marette, Stéphan Title: L'éthique et les échanges agro-alimentaires: principes et réalités Volume: 271 Number: 355153 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355153 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355153/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5344.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Butault, Jean-Pierre Author-Name: Chantreuil, Frédéric Author-Name: Dupraz, Pierre Title: Critères d'équité et répartition des aides directes aux agriculteurs Volume: 271 Number: 355154 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355154 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355154/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5345.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pouteau, Sylvie Title: Place du débat public face aux enjeux éthiques des biotechnologies Volume: 271 Number: 355155 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355155 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355155/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5346.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Christian Arnsperger, Catherine Larrère, Jean Ladrière, Éthique: Trois essais sur l'éthique économique et sociale Volume: 271 Number: 355156 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355156 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355156/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5347_t1_0102_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 271 Number: 355157 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355157 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355157/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_271_1_5348.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 272 Number: 355158 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355158 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355158/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5349.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giraud-Héraud, Eric Author-Name: Priolon, Joël Title: Introduction Volume: 272 Number: 355159 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355159 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355159/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5351.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Demotes-Mainard, Magali Title: Entrée en matière De l'Internet à la nouvelle économie... et retour? Volume: 272 Number: 355160 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355160 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355160/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5352.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Green, Raul Author-Name: Hy, Michel Title: Internet et chaînes d'approvisionnement agro-alimentaire Abstract: This article tries to clarify the debate on allocation of public resources (tradable permits or subsidies to farmers) among firms with the help of theories of justice developed in moral philosophy; the latter suggest different rules of "equitable" allocation of goods between individuals. We firstly make the point that a firm can be considered as a moral entity beyond individuals involved. We present the main theories, insisting on the individual's characteristics that each enhances. Responsibility appears to be the key point for any transposition of these views on equity between individual and firm. Volume: 272 Number: 355161 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355161 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355161/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5353.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hafsa, Sarra Author-Name: Hovelaque, Vincent Author-Name: Soler, Louis-Georges Title: Organisation des chaînes d'approvisionnement et commerce électronique Abstract: With the case of GMOs, we show in this paper how the way risk assessment is implemented in scientific expertise and is framed by epistemics cultures. Mainly based on molecular biology principles, this culture contributes to define norms about the social utility of innovation. In France, scientific expertise has played a major role until 1 997 in the design of a pragmatic philosophy of security. Volume: 272 Number: 355162 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355162 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355162/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5354.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chambolle, Claire Author-Name: Dumans, Marie-Elise Title: Internet et la grande distribution alimentaire française Abstract: Part I analysis the difficulties of dialog in the most pluridisciplinary context which might exist - i.e. bioethico-taking into account the claim for pluralism and the specific expectations of scientists and philosophers. Part II explains the author's prints of view (agnosticism, anthropocentrism and methodological materialism, wild operture of space and time framework). Part III explores the substitution of the complex paradigm of the "ethics committee" to the old simply modern concept of "scientific community" as a model for the whole society. Volume: 272 Number: 355163 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355163 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355163/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5355.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin, Jean-Philippe Title: Contrats agraires ou conventions agraires ? Volume: 272 Number: 355164 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355164 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355164/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5357.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Doyon, Maurice Title: Analyse critique du concept d'ESP, estimation du soutien au producteur. Application au secteur laitier Volume: 272 Number: 355165 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355165 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355165/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5358.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roudart, Laurence Title: Libéralisation des échanges agricoles et sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement Volume: 272 Number: 355166 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355166 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355166/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5360.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cordier, Jean Author-Name: Guinvarc'h, Martial Title: Assurance et finance agricoles. Une approche descriptive et comparative Volume: 272 Number: 355167 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355167 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355167/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5362.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pingault, Nathanaël Title: Les bienfaits de la libéralisation: mise en perspective Volume: 272 Number: 355168 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355168 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355168/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5364.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Bertrand Hervieu • Jean Viard, L'archipel paysan La fin de la république agricole Volume: 272 Number: 355169 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355169 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355169/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5365_t1_0121_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Louis Malassis, La longue marche des paysans français Volume: 272 Number: 355170 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355170 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355170/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5365_t1_0122_0000_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Albert Ledent • Philippe Burny, La politique agricole commune des origines au IIIe millénaire Volume: 272 Number: 355171 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355171 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355171/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5365_t1_0124_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 272 Number: 355172 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355172 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355172/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5366.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Référées 2002 Volume: 272 Number: 355173 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355173 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355173/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2002_num_272_1_5367.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roudart, Laurence Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 273-274 Number: 355174 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355174 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355174/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5382.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdelmalek, Ali Aït Author-Name: Moreddu, Catherine Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Author-Name: Delorme, Hélène Title: Introduction Volume: 273-274 Number: 355175 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355175 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355175/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5383.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Burrell, Alison Margaret Title: Multifonctionnalité, considérations non commerciales au Cycle de Doha Volume: 273-274 Number: 355176 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355176 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355176/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5385.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Massot-Marti, Albert Title: Le paradigme multifonctionnel : outil et arme dans la renégociation de la PAC Abstract: Multifunctionality: instrument and weapon for the re-negotiation of the CAP - The EU cannot pretend that the CAP already has fully developed the "multifunctional" nature of the European Farming Model. Multifunctionality can thereby be understood as: a) an excuse in favor of greater border protection justified by the specific nature of the agricultural sector (closed multifunctionnality inside the Dependent Agriculture paradigm); b) an argument in favor of greater use of rural development measures (within the so- called Green Box measures) (rural multifunctionality inside the Competitive paradigm); c) recognition of the links between trade and non economic objectives (Multifunctional Agriculture paradigm strictu sensu). The debate continues in the WTO and in the EU as to which of the three interpretations will prevail during the agricultural trade negotiations and the reform process of the CAP. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355177 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355177 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355177/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5386.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perraud, Daniel Title: Les ambiguïtés de la multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture Abstract: Ambiguities of the multifunctionality of agriculture - The prospects coming along with the notion of the multifunctionality of agriculture (MFA) depend on the uncertainties of the MFA in scientific and policy debates. The paper explores several aspects of this ambiguity. It stresses out the historic role of the mfa in a process of doctrinal and policy change, as a synthesis of several paths of policy measures. It shows the ambiguity and possible contradictions between several definitions of the mfa resulting in policy consequences. It sketches the pattern of particular versions of the MFA in different states and regions. At last, the paper shows that the mfa leads to a basic uncertainty about its possible final result, between a sector regression and a new development paradigm. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355178 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355178 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355178/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5387.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bodiguel, Luc Title: Le territoire, vecteur de la reconnaissance juridique de l'agriculture multifonctionnelle Abstract: A way to establish the multifonctional agriculture : the notion of territory - In order to translate in law the political objective of assistance to the multifunctional agriculture, the European and french legislators used a specific notion : "territory". This article is aiming to analyze and explain this mechanism of translation. The idea of "territory" is very delicate to handle; it conceals many facets : when "territory" is used as a simple calculation modality of the public aids or of the agricultural activity, it remains subsidiary and subject to the sectoral logic dominating in agricultural law. On the other hand, when it becomes a true qualification tool - foundation of a right according to a geographic location - the agricultural law may become a mixed law for the agricultural exploitations and the rural territories. This technical function of the "territory" is reinforced by his conceptual aspect : "territory" is a base of a new social and economical representations of agriculture. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355179 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355179 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355179/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5388.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moreddu, Catherine Title: Multifonctionnalité : un aperçu des travaux de l'OCDE Abstract: Multifunctionality : an overview of OECD work - OECD work on multifunctionality takes place within the context of discussions on agricultural policy reform. The economic analysis of the characteristics of multiple outputs of agriculture, regarding jointness, market failure and the public good nature of such outputs led to a practical definition of multifunctionality. Applying the conceptual analytical framework to empirical studies should yield policy implications. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355180 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355180 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355180/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5390.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Cotty, Tristan Author-Name: Aumand, Anthony Author-Name: Voituriez, Tancrède Title: Multifonctionnalité et coopération multilatérale Une analyse du coût de fourniture de biens publics par l'agriculture Abstract: Multifunctionality and multilateral co-operation a cost analysis of a public good supply by agriculture - The multilateral reform of agricultural policies mainly addresses the price effects of domestic policies on international markets, aiming to diminish specific supports to agricultural productions, including multifunctional productions. This type of coordination can decrease the efficiency of domestic policies in providing the optimal level of national public goods when the agricultural sector is the most competitive fora certain level of public good supply. A reason for this is the economies of scope between agricultural commodities and public goods. A specific support to a multifunctional sector can then lead to a domestic gain which can be compared with the loss in third countries. A mechanism designed to compensate the foreign loss caused by domestic subsidies of large countries is proposed in cases where domestic gains exceed foreign losses Volume: 273-274 Number: 355181 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355181 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355181/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5391.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barthélemy, Denis Author-Name: Nieddu, Martino Title: Multifonctionnalité agricole : biens non marchands ou biens identitaires ? Abstract: Agricultural multifunctionality: non market concerns or identity production? - In the international discussions, the analytical framework about agricultural multifunctionality usually puts great emphasis on the separation between commodity outputs and « non market concerns ». But these two aspects seem not to be accurately specified. Economists use to analyze non market products as joint products, externalities or public goods, what in our opinion induces a lose of substance in multifunctionality notion. We are holding the opinion that market relationship requires some necessary counterweight relationship, whose aim is to produce or to maintain peculiar « states of things » according to time and space. The concerned goods are devoted to satisfy need for each group to build up own identity. They give to these groups ability to persist is as much as they constitute the material of their heritages : historic and cultural, natural, professional patrimony... In this way, multifunctionality as a concept would be to understand as the necessary connection between commodity production and identity production. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355182 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355182 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355182/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5392.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabourin, Éric Author-Name: Djama, Marcel Title: Pratiques paysannes de la multifonctionnalité Nordeste brésilien et Nouvelle-Calédonie Abstract: Peasants practices of multifonctionnality. Two no European cases: northeast of Brazil and new Caledonia - This paper considers how multifunctional aspects of agriculture still remains in countries where public or private resources allocation for multifonc- tionality are not available. After discussing the problems raised by supporting multifonctionality as a national policy in many developing countries, it investigates the way multifonctionality works at the community level. Examples from peasants communities in Brazil and New Caledonia are analyzed to illustrate the social, environmental, but also economical integration capacity of non market relationship, generally governed by reciprocity rules. They illustrate, on a local level, the apprehension of agriculture as a public good. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355183 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355183 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355183/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5394.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent, Catherine Author-Name: Maxime, Françoise Author-Name: Mazé, Armelle Author-Name: Tichit, Muriel Title: Multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture et modèles de l'exploitation agricole Abstract: Multifunctionality of agriculture and farm models - A literature reviews allows to identify four major ways of conceiving and modeling the farm. They représenta wide basis for studying changes in agricultural production. However, the analysis of three research programs shows the need for adaptations in these models to address the new issues arising in the recent debates on the multifunctionality of agriculture. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355184 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355184 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355184/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5395.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aznar, Olivier Author-Name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe Title: Les services environnementaux dans les espaces ruraux Une approche par l'économie des services Volume: 273-274 Number: 355185 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355185 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355185/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5396.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raymond, Richard Title: La concertation sur l'espace cultivé et la nature dans le Vexin français Abstract: Nature production in shared space areas of great culture in Vexin français - Observing informal meetings between farmers and other locals can reveal their different ways of presenting relations between agriculture and nature. The definition of what can be considered as nature in urban outskirts being a starting point a sharing of land takes shape. Therefore, the negotiations concerning the protection of nature tend not to include areas of production. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355186 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355186 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355186/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5397.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vounouki, Eleftheria Title: L'agriculture grecque : multifonctionnalité, politique agricole et réseaux sociaux informels Abstract: Greek agriculture: multifunctionauty, agricultural policy and social informal networks - Greek agriculture seems to follow a different evolution compared with the other countries of the EU. It is sustainable because it is already multifunctional. Its productive structure reflects and maintains the logic of the Greek agricultural family's functioning and of the social informal networks into which it is integrated. In fact, these networks have been reinforced by the CAP's implementation. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355187 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355187 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355187/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5398.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle Author-Name: Déprés, Christophe Author-Name: Vollet, Dominique Title: La multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture entre efficacité et équité Abstract: Agricultural multifonctionnality between efficiency and equity the case of territorial exploitation contracts in Auvergne - A specific grid for analyzing multifunctionality was created in order to identify the arguments (allocation/distribution), objectives and gearing of the programm Territorial Exploitation Contract. This grid is proving to be a useful tool for analyzing and examining the coherence of a multi functional policy. The simultaneous pursuit of objectives (allocation/distribution) creates tensions between sector and territory, to the detriment of the latter. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355188 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355188 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355188/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5400.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Struillou, Jean-François Title: La prépondérance de la dimension environnementale dans les CTE Abstract: Farming territorial contracts and multifunctionality. The predominance over the environmental dimension - The farming territorial contracts and the rules which frame them, transpose in the law the values and the objectives of the multifunctional agriculture. If the study of these standards' s terms seems, from that time, indispensable to outline the multi functionality, this approach must be completed by a description of the action 's frames of the juridical purview and a taking into consideration of the custom's variety in which it does or can do the aim. The analyze of the application of this purview in Loire-Atlantique's subdivision has, like this, succeeded in showing, that beyond the texts, the multifunctionality tends to be reduced, in the studied acts, at the water's protection and the biological diversity of the landscape. Volume: 273-274 Number: 355189 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355189 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355189/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5401.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andriot, Patricia Title: Approche institutionnaliste des mesures agro-environnementales Comparaison entre l'Auvergne, la Bourgogne et l'Ecosse Volume: 273-274 Number: 355190 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355190 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355190/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5403.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bazin, Gilles Title: La PAC contre la multifonctionnalité ? Volume: 273-274 Number: 355191 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355191 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355191/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5405.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Facchini, François Title: La contractualisation des aides en agriculture à qui doit-on donner les droits ? Volume: 273-274 Number: 355192 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355192 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355192/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5406.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 273-274 Number: 355193 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355193 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355193/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_273_1_5407.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Priolon, Joël Title: Editorial Volume: 275 Number: 355194 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355194 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355194/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5409.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charlier, Christophe Title: La traçabilité comme un standard de production Abstract: Traceability: as a production standard - The aim of this article is to show that traceability, initially a means of differentiating products, has now become a production standard, as a result of having become the prevalent mechanism relied upon by the vast majority of producers to ensure food safety. However, a coordination problem naturally emerges among producers attempting to set such a standard. The question raised here is whether the solutions to this problem can come into conflict with the goal of achieving food safety. The article also explores the effects of a stricter regulation that would establish a minimal traceability standard. Volume: 275 Number: 355195 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355195 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355195/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5410.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Author-Name: Monier-Dilhan, Sylvette Title: Transmission des prix dans la filière fruits: une approche hédonique Volume: 275 Number: 355196 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355196 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355196/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5411.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brun, André Author-Name: Marette, Stéphan Title: Le bilan d'un contrat de rivière: le cas de la Reyssouze Abstract: The assessment of a river agreement: the case of the river Reyssouze - For 20 years, "river contracts " have been widely used in France. They aim at making agents aware of their responsibilities via a decentralized water management. The "river contract Reyssouze" (a river in Ain, France) studied in this paper has led to civil engineering (water purification plants, hydraulic structures...). However, this river is still quite polluted (hypertrophication) and many agents have not modified their behavior regarding the river. We show that the efficiency of this kind of contract is very limited because of a lack of measures to enforce the laws in the farm sector. Volume: 275 Number: 355197 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355197 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355197/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5412.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allaire, Gilles Author-Name: Dupeuble, Thierry Title: De la multifonctionnalité à la multi-évaluation de l'activité agricole Abstract: From multi-functionality to multi- valuation of agricultural activities - Based on a discussion of issues and debates which focus on multifunctionality and after considering the contingence of the publicness which goes with multifunctional activities, this paper argues that considering multifunctionality within public policies leads to conception of decentralized processes of standardization in three arenas: public, private and collective. Efficiency of the French public contractual device to enhance multifunctionality (CTE), viewed such as a new pattern for public policy, is depending on a transformation of professional competencies system. Volume: 275 Number: 355198 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355198 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355198/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5413.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugon, Philippe Author-Name: Mayeyenda, Abel Title: Les effets des politiques des prix dans les filières coton en Afrique zone franc: analyse empirique Abstract: Effects of price policy in cotton network in francophone Zone Africa: an empirical analysis - Price instability is a characteristic of agricultural markets. The reduction of that instability has been for a long time a major objective in many countries. The integrated subsidiary cotton organization in many Francophone Zone Africa (FZA) countries has intended to alleviate this instability. The purpose of this paper is to analyze relationship between integrated cotton organization and stability of real prices. There is also a contribution to the debate in progress between opponents and followers of the privatization of the integrated cotton organization in FZA. The stabilization-support device of the integrated subsidiary cotton in FZA is operative in the production organization, the management of farms and the technical innovations. The decomposition of effects of price instability into anticipated and non-anticipated shocks shows they have an impact on the cotton organization in certain producer countries. Volume: 275 Number: 355199 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355199 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355199/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5414.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bougherara, Douadia Author-Name: Thiébaut, Luc Author-Name: Grolleau, Gilles Title: L'exclusion des produits agroalimentaires du dispositif d'écolabellisation Volume: 275 Number: 355200 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355200 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355200/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5416.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 275 Number: 355201 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355201 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355201/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_275_1_5417.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chahed, Youssef Author-Name: Drogué, Sophie Title: Incidence du processus multilatéral sur la viabilité des accords préférentiels: le cas euro-méditerranéen Abstract: Incidence of the multilateral process on the viability of the preferential agreements: the euromediterranean case -The signatory countries of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) had to reduce their import tariffs for agricultural products under the most favored nation (MFN) clause. Many of these countries had concluded bilateral trade agreements enabling them to benefit from preferential market access. It is the case of the Mediterranean countries which signed agreements with the European Union (EU). The decrease in MFN tariffs initiated by the URAA is likely to be greater at the end of the forthcoming negotiations. This may induce an erosion of the preferences granted by the EU to Mediterranean countries and have adverse effects on their agricultural exports. We focus on the consequences of a decrease in EU MFN tariffs on Mediterranean agricultural exports. Volume: 276 Number: 355202 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355202 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355202/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_276_1_5420.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bontemps, Christophe Author-Name: Couture, Stéphane Author-Name: Favard, Pascal Title: Estimation de la demande en eau d'irrigation sous incertitude Abstract: Irrigation water demand estimation - In this paper, we considéra risk adverse farmer, facing sequential irrigation decisions under climatic uncertainty. In this complex framework, our goal is to estimate the irrigation water demand. The originality of this work lies, first, in the integration of a bio-simulation model (EPIC-Phase) into a programming model and, second, in the nonparametric estimation methods used. As a result we invalidate the literature's results on the subject. The irrigation water demand we get is not convex, which should have implications in terms of water policy. Volume: 276 Number: 355203 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355203 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355203/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_276_1_5421.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chossat, Véronique Title: L'expertise de la qualité dans la grande cuisine: le rôle du guide gastronomique Abstract: An original definition of quality: the food amenities expertise by gastronomic guidebooks - This article analyses the specificity of gastronomy by demonstrating the role played by gastronomic guidebooks when they expertise restaurants. This selection mechanism is not a certification mechanism, as it is for agro-industrial goods, but derives from an endogenous evaluation grounded on the quality convention defined by each guide. Volume: 276 Number: 355204 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355204 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355204/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_276_1_5422.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duvernoy, Isabelle Author-Name: Albaladejo, Christophe Title: La réinvention du développement rural par la ville ? Les cas de Bahia Blanca et de Pigüé en Argentine Abstract: are cities reinventing rural development? The cases of Bahla Blanca and Pigüé in Argentina - In Argentina cities with large technical departments are in a position to grasp the strong decentralisation movement in order to attempt implementing local development in rural areas. This paper uses interviews with the main agricultural stakeholders in two districts in the southern part of the province of Buenos Aires, including an average-sized city (300,000 inhabitants) and a town (13,000 inhabitants), to show that new rural intervention methods are being used. They differ from the agricultural development government's policy in the way they support many initiatives, some of them quite inconspicuous, from small farm families and local companies and represent an important transformation of rural territories. Volume: 276 Number: 355205 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355205 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355205/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_276_1_5423.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blogowski, Alain Title: L'élargissement de l'Union européenne aux Pays d'Europe centrale et orientale Volume: 276 Number: 355206 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355206 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355206/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_276_1_5425.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: À propos du concept ESP Commentaires sur l'article de Maurice Doyon, Daniel M.-Gouin, Nicolas Paillât et réponse des auteurs Volume: 276 Number: 355207 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355207 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355207/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_276_1_5426.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Jean-Joseph Boillot, L'Union européenne élargie, un défi économique pour tous Volume: 276 Number: 355208 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355208 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355208/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_276_1_5427_t1_0074_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 276 Number: 355209 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355209 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355209/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_276_1_5428.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 277-278 Number: 355210 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355210 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355210/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5430.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marette, Stéphan Author-Name: Raynaud, Emmanuel Title: Applications du droit de la concurrence au secteur agroalimentaire Abstract: This paper analyses the main antitrust decisions in the agribusiness sector in Europe. First, legislation is recalled Then, we introduce the main antitrust decisions regarding the agribusiness sector in Europe. We emphasize five main items: the increasing concentration at the upward level, the new relations and tensions between agrofood sectors and retailers, the growing importance of branding and finally, the collective coordination among agents in the supply chains either by collective or "chain " agreements and common labelling strategies. Volume: 277-278 Number: 355211 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355211 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355211/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5433.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glais, Michel Title: Analyse économique de la définition du marché pertinent : son apport au droit de la concurrence Abstract: The markets on which an economic power is [or could be] exerced represents the first delicate but very often essential step in the analysis of the legality of the firms strategic behaviour with regard to competition law. Even if the American conception of the "antitrust" market is widely prevailing in Europe, a few differences still remain though, for instance, in the more concrete dividing up of relevant markets. In this article the detailed presentation of the methods used by the French & community authorities aims at enabling the firms to be better-prepared for the dialogue they may have to hold with these ones, particularly within the framework of their external growth projects. Volume: 277-278 Number: 355212 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355212 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355212/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5434.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ménard, Claude Title: Économie néo-institutionnelle et politique de la concurrence les cas des formes organisationnelles hybrides Abstract: This paper intends to examine how recent developments in new institutional economics should provide incentives for revising substantial aspects of competition policies. The core argument is based on recent developments in the analysis of organizational arrangements identified as "hybrids ". The paper is organized in three sections. Section I look at the main characteristics of these organizational forms. Section II develops a model designed for providing a better understanding of the impact of regulatory and competition policies on these arrangements. Section III explores the substantial questions that the characteristics of hybrids raise for competition policies that are deeply anchored in the binary logic of "markets vs. integrated firms". Volume: 277-278 Number: 355213 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355213 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355213/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5435.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boy, Laurence Title: Quel rôle pour la politique de la concurrence dans les négociations internationales ? Abstract: The question of a competition policy in the international négociations raises at the first attempt the WTO part. The crossing glance of lawyers and economists results in emphasizing in these problems the differences between product or process aproaches agroalimentary. Volume: 277-278 Number: 355214 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355214 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355214/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5436.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pénard, Thierry Title: Structures de marché et pratiques facilitant la collusion une approche par la théorie des jeux répétés Abstract: Agricultural and food industries have been largely involved in cartel activities (Vitamins, citric acid, lysine, sugar. . .) for the last decade. This article aims at understanding how these cartels have succeeded in implementing and enforcing collusive agreements. First I show that repeated games are the best theoretical framework to analyze collusion. This theory allows to identify the market structures that facilitate collusion. It also allows to evaluate much better the role of some practices inside a cartel, like exchanges of information, price wars or excess of capacity. Then repeated games are applied to the lysine case to provide some insights on the observed behaviors of lysine cartel members. Volume: 277-278 Number: 355215 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355215 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355215/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5438.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Connor, John M. Title: La mondialisation des délits en col blanc : les cartels agroalimentaires des années 1990 Abstract: This paper presents and analyses juridical and economic data relative to all known international cartels which have been efficient during the 1990s on food and agricultural markets. 29 cartels have been discovered either by the US DoJ or by the EU DG IV. The paper focuses more specifically on 4 similar cartels for which information is qualitatively and quantitatively rich: Lysine, Citric add and Vitamines A and E. Volume: 277-278 Number: 355216 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355216 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355216/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5439.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355216 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giraud-Héraud, Eric Author-Name: Soler, Louis-Georges Title: Quelle légitimité à des mécanismes de régulation de l'offre dans les Appellations d'origine protégée? Abstract: Supply control mechanisms are often required by the producers to manage European Protected Appellations of Origin. Such mechanisms are usually criticized by the competition policy makers because they decrease the consumer surplus. Nevertheless, they can have positive impacts when the product quality increases as the quantity decreases. In this paper, we propose an economic model based on the wine case which shows that, under some conditions, the gain of consumer surplus due to quality increasing can make up for the loss due to supply control. Volume: 277-278 Number: 355217 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355217 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355217/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5441.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Crespi, John M. Author-Name: Sexton, Richard J. Title: Concurrence, coopératives de producteurs et Marketing Orders aux États-Unis Abstract: Although industries in the United States are subject to a variety of antitrust laws, agricultural cooperatives and marketing orders have received partial exemptions from these laws. These institutions allow their members to jointly regulate the amount of product that goes to market. Because of this statutory authority, it is important to examine the extent to which these institutions have attained market power. The authors present the history and rationale behind the Congressional acts that facilitated development of cooperatives and established federal marketing orders. The authors further discuss the limitations that cooperatives and marketing orders in the United States face in achieving substantial market power. Volume: 277-278 Number: 355218 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355218 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355218/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5442.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gaffard, Jean-Luc Author-Name: Quéré, Michel Title: Innovation, coopération inter-entreprises et politique de la concurrence Abstract: This paper aims at contrasting two different approaches of the relations between innovation and competition. The traditional one focuses on the existence of an optimal structure and the other focuses on viability requirements. It shows that viability conditions cannot be reduced to the enforcement of a specific market structure. Co-ordination conditions allow both the dismantlement of existing market structures and the stabilisation of new ones. The latter cannot be defined a priori, but only in relation with the process of change itself. It will be different according to the way co-ordination takes place. As a consequence, rather than enforcing a presumed optimal structure competition policy should consist in comparing different organisational arrangements with respect to viability requirements. Volume: 277-278 Number: 355219 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355219 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355219/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5444.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lemarié, Stéphane Title: Évolution des structures industrielles et de la concurrence dans les secteurs des semences et des pesticides Abstract: The seed and pesticide sectors experienced major structural changes since the beginning of the 90's. This article shows that this evolution is determined, to a large extent by the development of the biotechnology, and that consequently several new competition problems emerged for these sectors. More exactly, competition problems covers both the usual problem of the excessive concentration level, and other problems linked to the exploitation of intellectual property rights and the evolution of business practices. Volume: 277-278 Number: 355220 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355220 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355220/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5445.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allain, Marie-Laure Author-Name: Chambolle, Claire Title: Approches théoriques des rapports de force entre producteurs et distributeurs Abstract: For many years now, relationships between retailers and manufacturers have always been tense and some of the strategies denounced as abusive. This raises doubts regarding the effectiveness of numerous laws (Royer, Raffarin, Galland) supposed to restrain the increasing power of retailers. Before passing laws, an accurate analysis of the relationships between manufacturers and retailers seems to be necessary. The first part of this paper recalls the basis of retailers' buying power emphasizing merger waves and private labels invasion. The second part looks at the impact of that buying power with respect to the contracts between the upstream firms and the downstream ones and tackles the efficiency of the laws passed to contain retailers' power. Volume: 277-278 Number: 355221 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355221 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355221/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5447.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bergès-Sennou, Fabian Author-Name: Caprice, Stéphane Title: Les rapports producteurs-distributeurs : fondements et implications de la puissance d'achat Volume: 277-278 Number: 355222 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355222 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355222/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5448.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perrot, Anne Title: L'évolution de la politique de la concurrence française Volume: 277-278 Number: 355223 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355223 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355223/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5450.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355223 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buccirossi, Paolo Author-Name: Marette, Stéphan Author-Name: Schiavina, Alessandra Title: Les grandes décisions de la Commission européenne dans le domaine de l'alimentaire Volume: 277-278 Number: 355224 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355224 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355224/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5451.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 277-278 Number: 355225 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355225 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355225/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2003_num_277_1_5522.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valceschini, Egizio Title: Editorial Volume: 279 Number: 355226 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355226 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355226/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_279_1_5453.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clerc, François Title: Hommage à Henri Mendras (1927-2003 †) Volume: 279 Number: 355227 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355227 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355227/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_279_1_5454.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ridier, Aude Title: Les effets du découplage des aides directes sur des exploitations de viande bovine en présence de risque Abstract: The impact of decoupling direct payments from production in producers' decisions under risk is tested by using a multiperiod model of risk programming on beef cattle farms in two French regions: Limousin and Pays de la Loire. Farmers' strategies under risk are more uniform if support is increasingly decoupled from production. By introducing cross-compliance constraints, we show that this méthode suits to better integration of territorial and environnemental stakes of the CAP. Volume: 279 Number: 355228 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355228 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355228/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_279_1_5456.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Goffe, Philippe Author-Name: Vermersch, Dominique Title: Le marché de l'épandage peut-il réduire le coût de la résorption des excédents d'azote ? Volume: 279 Number: 355229 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355229 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355229/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_279_1_5457.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hubert, Bernard Author-Name: Moulin, Charles-Henri Author-Name: Roche, Bénédicte Author-Name: Pluvinage, Jean Author-Name: Deffontaines, Jean-Pierre Title: Quels dispositifs pour conduire des recherches en partenariat ? L'intervention d'une équipe de recherche au Pays basque intérieur Abstract: A group of INRA researchers established a social apparatus ("dispositif") in response to a request from a Basque Country political body to participate in an initiative to strengthen the future of livestock grazing systems in die local hinterlands. The authors characterize the various categories of partners and the nature of the research partnership they set up. They analyze this collaborative process and the role of the researchers in the various committees and working groups that were set up. They emphasize the mutual learning process characteristic of their involvement and leading to action plans implemented by the research partners: sheep cheese qualification, rehabilitation of neglected areas and recognition of the diversity of farming systems and related activities. Attention to methodology and epistemology is crucial to this type of research involving a diversity of partners, as is the appropriateness of the apparatus to the openness of such a process. Volume: 279 Number: 355230 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355230 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355230/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_279_1_5458.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nkamleu, Guy-Blaise Title: L'échec de la croissance de la productivité agricole en Afrique francophone Abstract: This paper examines changes in agricultural productivity in 8 French-speaking countries. The relative performance of agricultural sector was gauged using data envelopment analysis. From a panel data set of the 8 countries, which included the 30-year period 1970-2000, mathematical programming methods were used to measure Malmquist indexes of total factor productivity. It was found that, during that period, total factor productivity have experienced a negative evolution in sample countries. A decomposition of those measures suggest that, most of the weak performance of factors productivity is attributable more to technological change than technical efficiency change. Sample data showed that devaluation of Cfa franc have had a positive impact on the sector. We also found that compared to non- sahelian countries, sahelian countries have experienced a weak performance of their agricultural sector during the period 1970-2000. Volume: 279 Number: 355231 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355231 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355231/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_279_1_5459.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lamy, Pascal Title: Le modèle agricole européen au défi des négociations commerciales internationales ? Volume: 279 Number: 355232 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355232 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355232/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_279_1_5461.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hervieu, Bertrand Title: Les huit paradoxes du monde agricole Volume: 279 Number: 355233 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355233 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355233/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_279_1_5462.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aznar, Olivier Title: André Torre (sous la direction de), Le local à l'épreuve de l'économie spatiale : agriculture, environnement espaces ruraux Volume: 279 Number: 355234 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355234 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355234/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_279_1_5463_t1_0079_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 279 Number: 355235 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355235 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355235/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_279_1_5464.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Torre, André Title: Introduction Volume: 280 Number: 355236 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355236 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355236/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_280_1_5467.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boschma, Ron Title: Proximité et innovation Abstract: There is growing awareness that knowledge in general, and learning (or the capability to learn) in particular, may be critical to the competitive advantage of firms, regions and nations. In this respect, much has been written on the impact of 'proximity' on learning, knowledge creation and innovation. Broadly speaking, there is a general claim in the literature that the more proximity between actors (in whatever form), the more interaction, the more interactive learning, and the more innovation. In thispaper, we take a rather critical stand towards this general claim. First of all, we need to clarify what is meant by the concept of proximity. Proximity means a lot more than just geography. It is a broad concept that incorporates similarity or adherence between actors or organizations. It includes both spatial and non-spatial dimensions. The non-spatial dimension is related to a broad category of cognitive, organizational, institutional and social aspects. These dimensions are often ill defined and, as a consequence, they show a great deal of overlap. In the paper, an attempt is made to define the notions of cognitive, organizational, social, institutional and geographical proximity in such a way, that such overlap is avoided and empirical measurement is made possible. Secondly, the literature is basically right about stressing the importance of proximity for learning. However, it tends to overiook the fact that there may also be too much proximity involved, that is, proximity in its different fonns may also have negative effects on innovation (such as lock-in). This issue of positive versus negative aspects of proximity is a challenging one. When does proximity lead to good performance? We claim that it is likely there exists some kind of optimum of proximity. That is, there may be too little but also too much proximity which are both detrimental to interactive learning and innovation. For each of the five dimensions of proximity mentioned above, we discuss how this optimum of proximity may look like. Thirdly, it is quite common that each of the five dimensions of proximity are analyzed separately. In reality, different forms of proximity co-exist. One of the most exciting "research topics for the years to come is in what way are the different forms of proximity related to each other: are they substitutes or complements? There is littie understanding of possible combinations of these various forms. This paper sets out some preliminary ideas concerning this topic. Volume: 280 Number: 355237 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355237 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355237/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_280_1_5469.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rallet, Alain Author-Name: Torre, André Title: Proximité et localisation Abstract: The objective of this article is to pave the way for an analysis of the relations between proximity and localization. (I) We distinguish two types of proximity (geographical proximity and organized proximity) and propose a grid of analysis of the main models of geographic organization of activities by articulating both types of proximity. We then introduce the phenomenon of tension between geographical proximity and organized proximity. (II) Organized proximity offers powerful mechanisms of longdistance coordination which constitute the foundation of the increasing geographic development of socio- economic interactions. (III) We then show that there is a disjunction between the need for geographical proximity and co-localization of actors, by introducing professional mobility and temporary geographical proximity. We also emphasize the ability of big organizations to manage their presence in different whereas smaller organizations are more constrained by fixed co-localizations which are only needed for certain phases of their interactions. (IV) Finally, we raise the question of the negative effects of geographical proximity. In the case of limited support- goods, geographical proximity creates tensions between the actors who use them and tends to damage the local relations. In this case geographical proximity plays against organized proximity. However the negative externalities of geographical proximity can be limited by integrating them within organizations or institutions, that is through a re- composed organized proximity. Volume: 280 Number: 355238 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355238 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355238/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_280_1_5470.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filippi, Maryline Title: Réorganisations dans la coopération agricole : proximités et solidarité territorial Abstract: Does market competition pressure systematically lead, because of a loosening of territorial ties, to a deterioration of the relationship between cooperatives and their members ? Beyond the heterogeneity of co-operatives, we have chosen to analyse the organisational changes in co-operatives, basing ourselves on the notion of proximity and on aspects that characterise the relationship between these organisations and their members. This approach enables us to describe three stylised organisational models. We examine them, basing ourselves on three aspects that make them original: the group's relationship with its members, risk sharing and the nature of the territorial ties. Forced to commit to traceability and food safety requirements, co-operatives must ensure that their membership is stable and fully committed, thus reinforcing their relationship. The emergence of a third so-called model of competitive advantage co-construction, situates the member at the heart of the generation of specific knowledge. It reflects an articulation of geographical and organisational dimensions of proximity that is related to a solidarity between the co-operatives and their members, and to the revalorization of territorial ties. Volume: 280 Number: 355239 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355239 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355239/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_280_1_5472.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angeon, Valérie Author-Name: Pecqueur, Bernard Title: Proximité et capture de la réglementation. Le cas de la banane martiniquaise Abstract: The case of the banana producers in Martinique The European banana market generates regulated advantages. These advantages (called rent) are appropriated by producers by the mean of their influence on the regulator. These strategies of capture result from a collective process. The aim of this paper is to understand how the producers lead this collective action. The analysis relies both on the contributions of the economics of proximity and the economics of regulation. An empirical illustration is provided by the case of the banana producers in Martinique. Volume: 280 Number: 355240 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355240 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355240/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_280_1_5473.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertrand, Nathalie Author-Name: Moquay, Patrick Title: La gouvernance locale, un retour à la proximité Abstract: Economic and political analysis allows to study the theme of governance in regards of development dynamics and types of actors coordination involved. It questions directly the local dimension of the process. According to its theoretical background and operational implementation, governance is analysed through the notion of proximity, identifying problems and limits of its contribution to development objectives. Volume: 280 Number: 355241 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355241 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355241/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_280_1_5474.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hervé, Jean-Jacques Title: La réforme foncière agricole de la Fédération de Russie Volume: 280 Number: 355242 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355242 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355242/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_280_1_5475.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 280 Number: 355243 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355243 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355243/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_280_1_5477.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boussard, Jean-Marc Title: Hommage à Philippe Mainié (1928-20041) Volume: 281 Number: 355244 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355244 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355244/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_281_1_5479.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacquet, Florence Author-Name: Tyner, Wallace Author-Name: Gray, Allan W. Title: La stabilisation du revenu des agriculteurs : un objectif central dans les politiques américaine et européenne Abstract: The main thesis of this paper is that overall support numbers tend to mask what is happening in US and EU support programs. American and European farmers are isolated from most income risk. PSE values are determined largely by the level of world price. Stability is a key government policy objective. The lesson for economists is that analysis that does not fully consider this fundamental income risk issue is incomplete. Volume: 281 Number: 355245 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355245 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355245/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_281_1_5481.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavaland, André Author-Name: Record, Sébastien Author-Name: Réquillart, Vincent Title: Le boisement des terres agricoles peut-il constituer une voie de diversification des revenus des agriculteurs ? Abstract: We analyze the economic profitability of forestry production for farmers in MidiPyrénées (France). We first define the economic criteria used. We then present the different wood production a farmer can develop. The third section is devoted to characterize the economic profitability of these options which are then compared with the profitability of crop production. We show that forest production by farmers is unlikely. However, within the new common agricultural policy reform which introduces decoupled payments, agroforestry Volume: 281 Number: 355246 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355246 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355246/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_281_1_5482.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saulpic, Olivier Author-Name: Tanguy, Hervé Title: Comment la structure financière influence-t-elle les choix stratégiques ? Étude de cas dans l'industrie du vin Abstract: Industrial strategies of growth must be backed by relevant financial structures; but the choice of these structures (level of debt and debt/equity ratio) is restricted by the more or less efficiency of the monitoring systems which can be used by funds providers. Evaluating the potential for value creation as well as understanding the yearly economic performance of wine-traders is dramatically complex in the world of Appellations d'Origine Contrôlée. This could explain why, because of credit rationing, a priori strategically relevant policies which need external funding don't rise up in France. This working assumption is tested through a comparative case study between two well known AOC regions: Burgundy and Champagne. Volume: 281 Number: 355247 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355247 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355247/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_281_1_5483.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bages, Robert Title: Les configurations du jeu politique local dans la nouvelle ruralité aux élections municipales de 1995 et 2001 Abstract: This work results from municipal elections' analysis in 1995 and 2001 within 6 rural communes in South France. This has been the subject of a longitudinal unceasing observation for almost 30 years. The selection system of «eligibles» keeps its relevance in spite of increasing evolutions. The new rural population contributes to the progressive collapse of agricultural positions. Whereas town councils are opened more and more to new classes of residents, the establishing criterion be still present especially for the mayor's job. It is the same for the age criterion for all the increasing election of pensioner mayors. Town councils make the access easier and easier for women but, even if the exclusion time is over, we are still faraway from the parity. The community "live-together" tends to force back political rifts. These political rifts proceed through structural opposition systems which lost and make the originality local. It is during municipal elections that the competition organizes itself around local stakes being still linked to overall public policies. Therefore for example, the intercommunality starts to emerge as a stake. Moreover, this intercommunality is made commonplace and appropriate as a control intercommunality purely pragmatic and willing to confront the local identity. Volume: 281 Number: 355248 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355248 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355248/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_281_1_5484.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Plavinet, Jean-Pierre Title: De l'État-fusible comme système de gouvernance en matière de politique agricole. Le point sur les mesures agro-environnementales dans le contexte français Volume: 281 Number: 355249 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355249 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355249/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_281_1_5486.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petit, Michel Title: Louis Malassis, L'épopée inachevée des paysans du monde Volume: 281 Number: 355250 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355250 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355250/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_281_1_5487_t1_0090_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 281 Number: 355251 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355251 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355251/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_281_1_5488.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trouvé, Aurélie Title: Les régions, acteurs des politiques agricoles. Analyse comparée en Bavière et Schleswig Holstein Abstract: The régionalisation of agricultural policies maybe regarded as a possible alternative to resolve the crisis of the agricultural sector. Thus, is it interesting studying its terms and basis. In this paper we ask ourselves about the regional capacity of adaptation, which is allowed by the increased decentralisation of European agricultural policies. More precisely, thanks to a reading schedule, we identify the relative weights of regional and supra-regional factors, which influence the differentiation and the evolution of the regional agricultural aids. We underlie different regional rooms for manœuvre. These rooms are first explained by the relative level of financial resources and also by regional productive systems and institutional configurations. Finally, it is hypothesized that the European territory is going to structure into specialized areas, that are identified by their financing capacities. Regions may range between two extremes : either rich regions supporting strongly their agricultural activity by emphasising its "multifunctionality", either poor regions who let free market regulate their agricultural activity because of a lack of financial resources. This analysis relies on a case study in Bavaria and Schleswig Holstein, in Germany. Volume: 282 Number: 355252 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355252 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355252/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_282_1_5491.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin, Jean-Philippe Title: Le marché du faire-valoir indirect dans un contexte africain. Éléments d'analyse Abstract: Based on an in-depth and long-run empirical investigation, this paper analyzes the land lease market in a village located in Lower Côte d'Ivoire. The first part of the paper deals with the conditions of emergence and development of contractual practices. It highlights the dramatic rise of the land tenancy market induced by the introduction of pineapple cultivation and a strong immigration flow, and it shows that this market is structured through a clear dichotomy between Burkinabé tenants and Ivorian landowners. The second part of the paper explores the issue of the enforcement of contractual arrangements, showing that the informal character of the contracts does not hamper the lease market dynamics. The last section deals with the incidence of the tense inter-ethnic relationships on tenancy practices and with the project of some actors to provoke an ethnic segmentation of the lease market by refusing to lease land out to Burkinabé pineapple growers or by restricting their contractual choice. Volume: 282 Number: 355253 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355253 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355253/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_282_1_5492.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phélinas, Pascale Title: L'emploi complémentaire en milieu rural péruvien : la richesse des pauvres ? Abstract: This article analyzes the structure of non-farm and off-farm employment in rural Peru and its impact on the level and structure of farm households' income. Data used come from a field survey encompassing 300 farm households distributed among three provinces of Peru located in varied natural and economic environment. It is shown that agriculture has a weak labour absorption capacity and that non- farm and off- farm employment represent a significant share of the workers' total productive time as well as the farm households' income. Non-farm and off- farm employment have an overall negative impact on the distribution of income because the lowest paid jobs are occupied by the workers belonging to the poorest groups. Non-farm and off-farm jobs tend to strengthen the regional income disparities because they are more widespread in accessible rural areas well endowed in basic public infrastructure. These jobs however contribute to improve the standard of living of the poorest, even modestly. Volume: 282 Number: 355254 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355254 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355254/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_282_1_5493.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gojard, Séverine Author-Name: Bessière, Céline Title: Décloisonnements disciplinaires, transferts et malentendus Abstract: This text gives an account of an interdisciplinary conference, highlighting actual exchanges between economics and social sciences. Institutionnal definitions of the disciplines, though they are operating, do not allow to foresee the contents of the researchs conducted under their labels. Internal evolutions of the disciplines, notably due to the development of the New Economic Sociology, have entailed decompartmentalizations concerning research objects, but also ways to interprète the practices and behaviours. A clarification of those evolutions is necessary to broach the study of contacts between economics and social sciences. When a discipline tackles new objects or concepts, questions arise on transferts and borrowings from the departure discipline. Those borrowings, more or less respectful of the initial concepts, can lead to misunderstandings in the dialogue between economics and social sciences. Volume: 282 Number: 355255 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355255 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355255/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_282_1_5495.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charlier, Christophe Title: Traçabilité et gestion de la sécurité alimentaire Quelle politique pour le règlement européen 178/2002 ? Volume: 282 Number: 355256 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355256 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355256/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_282_1_5497.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Van Vliet, Geert Title: Monique Barrué-Pastor (Ed.), Forêts et développement durable au Chili : indianité Mapuche et mondialisation Volume: 282 Number: 355257 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355257 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355257/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_282_1_5498_t1_0079_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desbois, Dominique Title: Jean-Pierre Butault (Ed.), Les soutiens à l'agriculture Théorie, histoire, mesure Volume: 282 Number: 355258 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355258 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355258/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_282_1_5498_t1_0081_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 282 Number: 355259 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355259 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355259/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_282_1_5499.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simioni, Michel Title: Introduction Volume: 283-284 Number: 355260 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355260 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355260/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_283_1_5502.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meyer, Jochen Author-Name: Von Cramon-Taubadel, Stéphane Title: La robustesse des tests de transmission asymétrique des prix en présence de changements structurels Abstract: Asymmetric price transmission, especially between vertically separated markets, has been a subject of considerable attention in agricultural economics. Asymmetric price transmission is not only important because it may point to gaps in economic theory, but also because its presence is often considered for policy purposes to be evidence of market failure. The focus of this paper is on the empirical methods used to determine whether price transmission is asymmetric or symmetric. Specifically, we analyse the behaviour of the common tests for asymmetry in the presence of structural breaks in the underlying data, and we test whether such breaks lead to overrejection of the null hypothesis of symmetric transmission. Hence we test the robustness of such tests. The results of Monte-Carlo experiments demonstrate that in the presence of structural breaks in symmetrically linked price data, tests will tend to reject the null hypothesis of symmetric transmission at the 5% level of significance in considerably more than 5% of a large number of repetitions. In other words, in the presence of structural breaks, the true size of tests for asymmetric price transmission is considerably larger than the chosen significance level. Our results are important for many empirical studies on asymmetric price transmission, because the results emphasise the necessity of test for structural breaks. Otherwise, in the case of undetected structural breaks, the results of asymmetry tests might be missleading. Volume: 283-284 Number: 355261 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355261 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355261/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_283_1_5503.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan, Daniel Author-Name: Simioni, Michel Title: Transmission des prix dans la filière des fruits et légumes: une application des tests de cointégration avec seuils Abstract: The existence and the kind of asymmetry that characterize the relationships between shippingpoint and retail prices are investigated for two major French fresh vegetables: tomatoes and chicory. Weekly data allow considering these relationships at very detailed levels such as region or supermarket chain. Moreover, the methodology proposes an implicit treatment of asymmetries in price transmission by using recently developed threshold cointégration methods. Our results do not give evidence to the widespread assertion that shipping-point price increases are completely and rapidly passed by middlemen on to consumers while there is a slower and less complete transmission of shipping-point price declines. As already emphasized in the literature, these results may be linked to the perishable nature of the two considered fresh vegetables. Volume: 283-284 Number: 355262 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355262 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355262/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_283_1_5504.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glauben, Thomas Author-Name: Loy, Jens Author-Name: Meyer, Jochen Title: L'impact des chocs nominaux sur la transmission des prix: le cas de l'introduction de l'euro sur le marché allemand de l'alimentaire Abstract: In this paper the impact of the introduction of the Euro on the vertical price transmission in German food markets is analyzed. It is hypothesized that following the introduction of the Euro the presence of money illusion might have lead to higher real prices, and if so it is likely accompanied by higher margins between respective wholesale and retail prices. While other studies have mainly focused on the behavior of average prices, here reactions at the individual store level are investigated. For lettuce and chicken the vertical price relationships between retail and wholesale prices are estimated by employing an error correction approach, which is enhanced to test for structural breaks with a flexible time frame using a F-max approach. The results indicate significant changes in the vertical price relationships for one forth of the retailers under study. Though significant the directions of changes do not uniquely fit the theoretical predictions for money illusion. Thus, the majority of German food retailers has not used the introduction of the Euro to increase their mark ups. Volume: 283-284 Number: 355263 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355263 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355263/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_283_1_5505.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mabaya, Edward Title: L'intégration spatiale de marchés et échange discontinu : une analyse des marchés spot urbains pour la tomate au Zimbabwe Abstract: This paper advances a diagnostic understanding of smallholder agricultural markets in Zimbabwe by evaluating market integration between urban spot markets for tomatoes. Utilizing prices series and intermarket transfer cost data, the analysis employs Baulch's Parity Bounds Model which allows for discontinuous trade and thus kinked price relationships between markets. The results show for most market pairs high probabilities of being inside parity bounds between most markets suggesting prohibitive transportation costs (intermarket transfer costs exceed price differentials). Only for three out of the fifteen market pairs are there significant probabilities of violating spatial arbitrage conditions indicating inefficiencies. To improve welfare through agricultural markets, public policy should focus on ways to reduce intermarket transfer costs for arbitragers. Possible ways to lower transportation costs include leasing of underutilize government tracks and back-hauling by private companies. Volume: 283-284 Number: 355264 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355264 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355264/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_283_1_5506.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caprice, Stéphane Title: Fidélité à la marque, fidélité à l'enseigne: une analyse des déterminants des rapports de force entre producteurs et distributeurs Abstract: The growing importance of mass distribution has transformed the balance of power between manufacturers and retailers. Regarding the limited effectiveness of numerous laws (Royer, Raffarin, Galland), which were supposed to restrain the increasing power of retailers, an accurate analysis of the relationships between manufacturers and retailers is required. This paper proposes a model where we study the balance of power between manufacturers and retailers by underlining the possibility of switching stores within brand or switching brands within store. The model is a double duopoly where producers and retailers are differentiated at each level. To represent vertical contracting between producers and retailers, we assume that contracts are in two-part tariffs and secretly and bilaterally negotiated. A profit analysis shows that producers' and retailers' differentiation have different consequences. Retailers can take advantage of a higher within-brand competition but a higher within- store competition, always, is detrimental to producers. Volume: 283-284 Number: 355265 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355265 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355265/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_283_1_5507.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marchesnay, Michel Title: L'Economie et la Gestion sont-elles des sciences ? Volume: 283-284 Number: 355266 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355266 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355266/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_283_1_5509.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gomez, Pierre-Yves Title: Est-il important que l'Economie et la Gestion soient qualifiées de sciences ? Volume: 283-284 Number: 355267 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355267 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355267/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_283_1_5510.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Buchholzer, Florence Title: Hélène Delorme (sous la direction de), La politique agricole commune Anatomie d'une transformation Volume: 283-284 Number: 355268 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355268 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355268/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_283_1_5511_t1_0098_0000_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Économie Rurale Title: Résumés Volume: 283-284 Number: 355269 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.355269 File-URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/355269/files/ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_283_1_5512.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ags:ersfer:355269