@article{Penker:95213,
      recid = {95213},
      author = {Penker, M. and Klemen, F.},
      title = {Transaction costs and transaction benefits associated with  the process of PGI/PDO registration in Austria},
      address = {2010-10-27},
      number = {701-2016-48029},
      pages = {13},
      month = {Oct},
      year = {2010},
      abstract = {Since 1992, the European Union protects names of regional  foods as Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) or Protected  Geographical Indication (PGI). Besides direct benefits such  as higher prices or the protection from unfair competition,  researchers and rural development agents emphasize the  indirect benefits resulting from an intensified interaction  of producers, processers and retailers during the  registration process. Based on a comparative case study in  Austria, this paper analyses the relation of transaction  costs and transaction benefits associated with the  registration process of two PGIs. Whereas one case was  based on extensive outsourcing to a private consultancy  (for just under 50,000 Euro + 160 working hours invested by  the producers over 3.5 years), the other one was mostly the  result of extensive personal contributions of the regional  producer group (2,000 hours over ten years) who were  assisted by the state extension services (Chamber of  Agriculture, additional 1,000 work hours). The comparative  case study does not give any indication that outsourcing  necessarily bears the risk of diminishing indirect  benefits, such as social capital building, intensified  co-operations with other rural sectors, higher awareness of  and compliance with quality standards. This does not mean  that there is no positive relation between transaction  costs and transaction benefits but it emphasizes that there  are more and less efficient processes.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/95213},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.95213},
}