@article{Busch:6012,
      recid = {6012},
      author = {Busch, Jonah and Cullen, Ross},
      title = {Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of Yellow-Eyed  Penguin conservation measures},
      address = {2008},
      number = {419-2016-26560},
      series = {Conference Paper},
      pages = {29},
      year = {2008},
      abstract = {Although an estimated US$6 billion is invested annually in  our planet’s
biological diversity, little research has been  conducted on which
conservation treatments work best or  provide best value for money.
Conserving biodiversity  efficiently depends on identifying conservation
treatments  which provide greatest return on investment. Where  controlled
experiments are not possible, panel econometric  techniques can be used to
determine the effectiveness of  conservation treatments. A long-running
Yellow-Eyed Penguin  (Megadyptes antipodes) nest count in New Zealand
presents a  golden opportunity to compare the effectiveness and  cost
effectiveness of three commonly used conservation  treatments—trapping
of introduced predators, revegetation,  and intensive management.
Following ecological theory, we  specify a density-dependent population
growth rate. We  control for year effects and site characteristics such  as
land cover, slope, and elevation. We confront the  possibility of selection
bias in treatment with site fixed  effects and with an instrumental variable
based on site  accessibility. Of the three treatments analyzed,  only
intensive management is significantly correlated with  increases in site-level
penguin population growth rate. We  estimate the marginal cost of
providing yellow-eyed  penguins through intensive management to be
NZ$68,600 per  nest.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/6012},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.6012},
}